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diff --git a/it/appendix/files.xml b/it/appendix/files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8abaf5d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,528 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 28672 --> + + + <sect1 id="linuxdevices"> + <!-- <title>Linux Devices</title> --> + <title>I device linux</title> +<para> + +<!-- In Linux you have various special files in +<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In +the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a +special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the +hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system +component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave +differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device +files listed. --> + +In Linux sotto <filename>/dev</filename> sono presenti diversi file +speciali, chiamati file di device. Nel mondo Unix si accede alle +periferiche in modo particolare: c'è un file speciale che in realtà +esegue un driver che a sua volta accede all'hardware. Il file di device +è un'interfaccia verso il componente reale del sistema. Inoltre i file +sotto <filename>/dev</filename> si comportano in modo diverso dai file +ordinari. Segue un elenco dei file di device più significativi. + +</para><para> + +<!-- <informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry> + <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry> + <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry> + <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry> + <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry> + <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry> + <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>null</filename></entry> + <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry> + <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> --> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry> + <entry>Primo lettore di dischetti</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry> + <entry>Secondo lettore di dischetti</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry> + <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso IDE</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry> + <entry>Quindicesima partizione del quarto disco fisso IDE</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso (p.e. 0)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo (p.e. 1)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI ulteriore (p.e. 2)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry> + <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso SCSI</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry> + <entry>Decima partizione del quarto disco fisso SCSI</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry> + <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry> + <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry> + <entry>Porta seriale 0, COM1 sotto MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry> + <entry>Porta seriale 1, COM2 sotto MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry> + <entry>Device del mouse PS/2</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry> + <entry>Pseudo device, usato dal demone GPM per ritrasmettere i dati del mouse</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry> + <entry>Link simbolico al lettore CD</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry> + <entry>Link simbolico al file di device del mouse</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>null</filename></entry> + <entry>Qualunque cosa trasmessa a questo device scomparirà</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry> + <entry>Vi si possono leggere infiniti zero</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +</para> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title> --> + <title>Configurazione del mouse</title> +<para> + +<!-- The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window +environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used +to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown: --> + +Il mouse può essere utilizzato sia in console (con gpm) che in ambiente +X Window. Le due modalità di utilizzo sono compatibili se si utilizza +il ripetitore di dati di gpm per permettere al segnale di passare +al server X, come mostrato di seguito: + +<informalexample><screen> +mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X + /dev/ttyS0 (ripetitore) (link simbolico) + /dev/ttyS1 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while +setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> +or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. --> + +Si imposti come "raw" il protocollo del ripetitore (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>), +mentre in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> o +<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename> si imposti per X il protocollo +originario del mouse. + +</para><para> + +<!-- This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is +unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with --> + +L'utilizzo di gpm anche in X si dimostra vantaggioso nel caso il mouse +venga inavvertitamente scollegato. Basterà semplicemente rilanciare +gpm con + +<informalexample><screen> +# /etc/init.d/gpm restart +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X. --> + +per riconnettere via software il mouse senza dover rilanciare X. + +</para><para> + +<!-- If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to +read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer +to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at +<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, +<userinput>man gpm</userinput>, +<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and +<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. --> + +Se gpm è disabilitato, o per qualche ragione non è installato, ci si +assicuri di impostare X affinché legga direttamente il device del mouse, +ad esempio /dev/psaux. Per dettagli si faccia riferimento al 3-Button +Mouse mini-Howto presso <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, +a <userinput>man gpm</userinput>, <filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename> e +<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or +<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to +<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>. --> + +Per i PowerPC, si imposti il device del mouse come +<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> +o <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse +when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to +<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file. --> + +I kernel attuali permettono di emulare un mouse a tre tasti con un mouse +ad un solo tasto. È sufficiente aggiungere le righe seguenti al +file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>. + +<!-- <informalexample><screen> +# 3-button mouse emulation +# turn on emulation +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1 +# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87 +# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88 +# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is. +</screen></informalexample> --> + +<informalexample><screen> +# Emulazione di mouse a 3 tasti +# attiva l'emulazione +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1 +# invia il segnale del tasto mediano con F11 +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87 +# invia il segnale del tasto di destra con F12 +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88 +# in caso si vogliano usare tasti diversi da F11 e F12, con +# showkey si possono ottenere i codici corrispondenti +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list"> + <!-- <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title> --> + <title>Spazio necessario per i task di tasksel</title> +<para> + +<!-- The base installation for i386 using the default 2.4 kernel, +including all standard packages, requires 573MB of disk space. --> + +L'installazione di base per i386 con il kernel 2.4 predefinito, +compresi tutti i pacchetti standard, richiede 573 MB di spazio sul +disco fisso. + +</para><para> + +<!-- The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed +in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the +total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total +obtained by adding up the numbers. --> + +La tabella seguente elenca le dimensioni dei task proposti in tasksel, secondo +quanto riportato da aptitude. Si noti che alcuni task hanno dei componenti in +comune, per cui lo spazio realmente occupato da due task installati assieme +potrebbe essere minore della somma teorica. + +</para><para> + +<!-- Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size +of the base installation when determining the size of partitions. +Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in +<filename>/usr</filename>; the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote> +is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>. --> + +Si noti che è necessario aggiungere dello spazio rispetto a quanto +indicato nella tabella come spazio minimo nel momento in cui si definisce +la dimensione delle partizioni. La maggior parte delle dimensioni elencate +come <quote>Dimensione installazione</quote> va a finire all'interno +di <filename>/usr</filename>; le dimensioni elencate come <quote>Dimensione +download</quote> devono essere (temporaneamente) disponibili in +<filename>/var</filename>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- <informaltable><tgroup cols="4"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Task</entry> + <entry>Installed size (MB)</entry> + <entry>Download size (MB)</entry> + <entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>Desktop</entry> + <entry>1392</entry> + <entry>460</entry> + <entry>1852</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Web server</entry> + <entry>36</entry> + <entry>12</entry> + <entry>48</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Print server</entry> + <entry>168</entry> + <entry>58</entry> + <entry>226</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>DNS server</entry> + <entry>2</entry> + <entry>1</entry> + <entry>3</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>File server</entry> + <entry>47</entry> + <entry>24</entry> + <entry>71</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Mail server</entry> + <entry>10</entry> + <entry>3</entry> + <entry>13</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>SQL database</entry> + <entry>66</entry> + <entry>21</entry> + <entry>87</entry> +</row> + +</tbody> +</tgroup></informaltable> --> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="4"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Task</entry> + <entry>Dimensione installazione (MB)</entry> + <entry>Dimensione download (MB)</entry> + <entry>Spazio necessario all'installazione (MB)</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>Desktop</entry> + <entry>1392</entry> + <entry>460</entry> + <entry>1852</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Web server</entry> + <entry>36</entry> + <entry>12</entry> + <entry>48</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Print server</entry> + <entry>168</entry> + <entry>58</entry> + <entry>226</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>DNS server</entry> + <entry>2</entry> + <entry>1</entry> + <entry>3</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>File server</entry> + <entry>47</entry> + <entry>24</entry> + <entry>71</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Mail server</entry> + <entry>10</entry> + <entry>3</entry> + <entry>13</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>SQL database</entry> + <entry>66</entry> + <entry>21</entry> + <entry>87</entry> +</row> + +</tbody> +</tgroup></informaltable> + +<note><para> + +<!-- The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install both the Gnome and KDE +desktop environments. --> + +Il task <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> installa sia l'ambiente desktop GNOME +che KDE. + +</para></note> + +</para><para> + +<!-- If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command> +may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one +is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; +you should allow up to 200MB in total for download and installation. --> + +Se l'installazione avviene in una lingua diversa dall'inglese, +<command>tasksel</command> potrebbe installare automaticamente un +<firstterm>localization task</firstterm> se è disponibile per la propria +lingua. Lo spazio richiesto varia a seconda della lingua; potrebbe essere +necessari altri 200 MB per il download e l'installazione di questo +task. + +</para> + </sect1> |