diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'da/preparing')
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/backup.xml | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml | 331 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/bios-setup/m68k.xml | 23 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/bios-setup/powerpc.xml | 56 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/bios-setup/s390.xml | 106 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/bios-setup/sparc.xml | 99 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/install-overview.xml | 185 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/minimum-hardware-reqts.xml | 135 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/needed-info.xml | 407 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/non-debian-partitioning.xml | 204 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/nondeb-part/alpha.xml | 92 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/nondeb-part/i386.xml | 119 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/nondeb-part/m68k.xml | 127 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/nondeb-part/powerpc.xml | 43 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/nondeb-part/sparc.xml | 44 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/pre-install-bios-setup.xml | 148 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | da/preparing/preparing.xml | 21 |
17 files changed, 2181 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/da/preparing/backup.xml b/da/preparing/backup.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35c7e224a --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/backup.xml @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 12756 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="backup"> + <title>Back Up Your Existing Data!</title> +<para> + +Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your +system. If this is the first time a non-native operating system has +been installed on your computer, it's quite likely you will need to +re-partition your disk to make room for &debian;. Anytime you +partition your disk, you should count on losing everything on the +disk, no matter what program you use to do it. The programs used in +installation are quite reliable and most have seen years of use; but +they are also quite powerful and a false move can cost you. Even after +backing up be careful and think about your answers and actions. Two +minutes of thinking can save hours of unnecessary work. + +</para><para> + +If you are creating a multi-boot system, make sure that you have the +distribution media of any other present operating systems on hand. +Especially if you repartition your boot drive, you might find that you +have to reinstall your operating system's boot loader, or in many +cases the whole operating system itself and all files on the affected +partitions. + +</para> + +<para arch="m68k"> + +With the exception of the BVM and Motorola VMEbus computers, the only +supported installation method for m68k systems is booting from a local +disk or floppy using an AmigaOS/TOS/MacOS-based bootstrap, for these +machines you will need the original operating system in order to boot +Linux. In order to boot Linux on the BVM and Motorola VMEbus machines +you will need the ``BVMBug'' or ``16xBug'' boot ROMs. + +</para> + + </sect1> diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46df78793 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 18674 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="i386" id="bios-setup"><title>Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu</title> + +<para> + +BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine to allow +your operating system to access your hardware. Your system probably +provides a BIOS set-up menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. +Before installing, you <emphasis>must</emphasis> ensure that your BIOS +is setup correctly; not doing so can lead to intermittent crashes or +an inability to install Debian. + +</para><para> + +The rest of this section is lifted from the +<ulink url="&url-pc-hw-faq;"></ulink>, answering the question, "How do I +enter the CMOS configuration menu?". How you access the BIOS (or +``CMOS'') configuration menu depends on who wrote your BIOS software: + +</para> + +<!-- From: burnesa@cat.com (Shaun Burnet) --> +<variablelist> + +<varlistentry> + <term>AMI BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST (power on self test) + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Award BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> +</keycombo>, or <keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry><term>DTK BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycap>Esc</keycap> key during the POST + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry><term>IBM PS/2 BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap> +</keycombo> +after +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap> +</keycombo> + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Phoenix BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> +</keycombo> +or +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>S</keycap> +</keycombo> +or +<keycap>F1</keycap> + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +<para> + +Information on invoking other BIOS routines can be found in +<ulink url="&url-invoking-bios-info;"></ulink>. + +</para><para> + +Some &arch-title; machines don't have a CMOS configuration menu in the +BIOS. They require a software CMOS setup program. If you don't have +the Installation and/or Diagnostics diskette for your machine, you can +try using a shareware/freeware program. Try looking in +<ulink url="&url-simtel;"></ulink>. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="i386" id="boot-dev-select"><title>Boot Device Selection</title> + +<para> + +Many BIOS set-up menus allow you to select the devices that will be +used to bootstrap the system. Set this to look for a bootable +operating system on <filename>A:</filename> (the first floppy disk), +then optionally the first CD-ROM device (possibly appearing as +<filename>D:</filename> or <filename>E:</filename>), and then from +<filename>C:</filename> (the first hard disk). This setting enables +you to boot from either a floppy disk or a CD-ROM, which are the two +most common boot devices used to install Debian. + +</para><para> + +If you have a newer SCSI controller and you have a CD-ROM device +attached to it, you are usually able to boot from the CD-ROM. All you +have to do is enable booting from a CD-ROM in the SCSI-BIOS of your +controller. + +</para><para> + +Other popular option is to boot from a USB storage (also called USB +memory stick or USB key). Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, +and some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot from +a <quote>Removable drive</quote> or even a <quote>USB-ZIP</quote> to +get it to boot from the USB device. + +</para><para> + +Here are some details about how to set the boot order. Remember to +reset the boot order after Linux is installed, so that you restart +your machine from the hard drive. + +</para> + + <sect3 id="ctbooi"> + <title>Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers</title> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the BIOS +utility. Often, it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> key. However, +consult the hardware documentation for the exact keystrokes. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Find the boot sequence in the setup utility. Its location depends on +your BIOS, but you are looking for a field that lists drives. + +</para><para> + + +Common entries on IDE machines are C, A, cdrom or A, C, cdrom. + +</para><para> + + +C is the hard drive, and A is the floppy drive. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Change the boot sequence setting so that the CD-ROM or the +floppy is first. Usually, the <keycap>Page Up</keycap> or +<keycap>Page Down</keycap> keys cycle +through the possible choices. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to +save the changes on your computer. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="ctboos"> + <title>Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers</title> +<para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the SCSI setup +utility. + +</para><para> + +You can start the SCSI setup utility after the memory check and +the message about how to start the BIOS utility displays when you +start your computer. + +</para><para> + +The keystrokes you need depend on the utility. Often, it is +<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>. +However, consult your hardware documentation for the +exact keystrokes. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Find the utility for changing the boot order. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Set the utility so that the SCSI ID of the CD drive is first on +the list. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to +save the changes on your computer. Often, you must press +<keycap>F10</keycap>. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="i386"> + <title>Miscellaneous BIOS Settings</title> + + <sect3 id="cd-settings"><title>CD-ROM Settings</title> +<para> + +Some BIOS systems (such as Award BIOS) allow you to automatically set +the CD speed. You should avoid that, and instead set it to, say, the +lowest speed. If you get <userinput>seek failed</userinput> error +messages, this may be your problem. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Extended vs. Expanded Memory</title> +<para> + +If your system provides both ex<emphasis>ten</emphasis>ded and +ex<emphasis>pan</emphasis>ded memory, set it so that there is as much +extended and as little expanded memory as possible. Linux requires +extended memory and cannot use expanded memory. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Virus Protection</title> +<para> + +Disable any virus-warning features your BIOS may provide. If you have +a virus-protection board or other special hardware, make sure it is +disabled or physically removed while running GNU/Linux. These aren't +compatible with GNU/Linux; moreover, due to the file system +permissions and protected memory of the Linux kernel, viruses are +almost unheard of. + +<footnote> +<para> + +After installation you can enable Boot Sector protection if you +want. This offers no additional security in Linux but if you also run +Windows it may prevent a catastrophe. There is no need to tamper with +the Master Boot Record (MBR) after the boot manager has been set up. + +</para> +</footnote> + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Shadow RAM</title> +<para> + +Your motherboard may provide <emphasis>shadow RAM</emphasis> or BIOS +caching. You may see settings for ``Video BIOS Shadow'', ``C800-CBFF +Shadow'', etc. <emphasis>Disable</emphasis> all shadow RAM. Shadow +RAM is used to accelerate access to the ROMs on your motherboard and +on some of the controller cards. Linux does not use these ROMs once it +has booted because it provides its own faster 32-bit software in place +of the 16-bit programs in the ROMs. Disabling the shadow RAM may make +some of it available for programs to use as normal memory. Leaving +the shadow RAM enabled may interfere with Linux access to hardware +devices. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Memory Hole</title> +<para> + +If your BIOS offers something like ``15-16 MB Memory Hole'', please +disable that. Linux expects to find memory there if you have that much +RAM. + +</para><para> + +We have a report of an Intel Endeavor motherboard on which there is an +option called ``LFB'' or ``Linear Frame Buffer''. This had two +settings: ``Disabled'' and ``1 Megabyte''. Set it to ``1 Megabyte''. +When disabled, the installation floppy was not read correctly, and the +system eventually crashed. At this writing we don't understand what's +going on with this particular device — it just worked with that +setting and not without it. + +</para> + </sect3> + +<!-- no other platforms other than x86 provide this sort of thing, AFAIK --> + + <sect3><title>Advanced Power Management</title> +<para> + +If your motherboard provides Advanced Power Management (APM), +configure it so that power management is controlled by APM. Disable +the doze, standby, suspend, nap, and sleep modes, and disable the hard +disk's power-down timer. Linux can take over control of these modes, +and can do a better job of power-management than the BIOS. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/m68k.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/m68k.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0b54a403 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/m68k.xml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 18722 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="m68k" id="firmware-revs"> + <title>Firmware Revisions and Existing OS Setup</title> + +<para> + +&arch-title; machines are generally self-configuring and do not require +firmware configuration. However, you should make sure that you have +the appropriate ROM and system patches. On the Macintosh, MacOS +version >= 7.1 is recommended because version 7.0.1 contains a bug in +the video drivers preventing the boot loader from deactivating the +video interrupts, resulting in a boot hang. On the BVM VMEbus systems +you should make sure you are using BVMBug revision G or higher boot ROMs. +The BVMBug boot ROMs do not come as standard on the BVM systems but are +available from BVM on request free of charge. + +</para> + + </sect2> + diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/powerpc.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/powerpc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0842c2cdc --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/powerpc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="powerpc" id="invoking-openfirmware"> + <title>Invoking OpenFirmware</title> +<para> + +There is normally no need to set up the BIOS (called OpenFirmware) on +&arch-title; systems. PReP and CHRP are equipped with OpenFirmware, +but unfortunately, the means you use to invoke it vary from +manufacturer to manufacturer. You'll have to consult the hardware +documentation which came with your machine. + +</para><para> + +On &arch-title; Macintoshes, you invoke OpenFirmware with +<keycombo><keycap>Command</keycap> <keycap>option</keycap> +<keycap>O</keycap> <keycap>F</keycap></keycombo> while booting. Generally it +will check for these keystrokes after the chime, but the exact timing +varies from model to model. See +<ulink url="&url-netbsd-powerpc-faq;"></ulink> for more hints. + +</para><para> + +The OpenFirmware prompt looks like this: + +<informalexample><screen> + +ok +0 > + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Note that on older model &arch-title; Macs, the default and sometimes +hardwired I/O for OpenFirmware user interaction is through the serial +(modem) port. If you invoke OpenFirmware on one of these machines, you +will just see a black screen. In that case, a terminal program running +on another computer, connected to the modem port, is needed to +interact with OpenFirmware. + +</para><para> + +The OpenFirmware on OldWorld Beige G3 machines, OF versions 2.0f1 +and 2.4, is broken. These machines will most likely not be able to +boot from the hard drive unless the firmware is patched. A firmware +patch is included in the <application>System Disk 2.3.1</application> +utility, available from Apple at +<ulink url="ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/macosxserver/utilities/SystemDisk2.3.1.smi.bin"></ulink>. +After unpacking the utility in MacOS, and launching it, select the +Save button to have the firmware patches installed to nvram. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/s390.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/s390.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..369b51873 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/s390.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 12756 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="s390"><title>BIOS Setup</title> +<para> + +In order to install &debian; on a &arch-title; or zSeries +machine you have first boot a kernel into the system. The boot +mechanism of this platform is inherently different to other ones, +especially from PC-like systems: there are no floppy devices available +at all. You will notice another big difference while you work with +this platform: most (if not all) of the time you will work remote, +with the help of some client session software like telnet, or a +browser. This is due to that special system architecture where the +3215/3270 console is line-based instead of character-based. + +</para><para> + +Linux on this platform runs either natively on the bare machine, in a +so-called LPAR (Logical Partition) or in a virtual machine supplied by +the VM system. You can use a boot tape on all of those systems; you +may use some other boot media, too, but those may not be generally +available. For example, you can use the virtual card reader of a +virtual machine, or boot from the HMC (Hardware Management Console) of +an LPAR if the HMC and this option is available for you. + +</para><para> + +Before you actually perform an installation, you have to go over some +design and preparation steps. IBM has made documentation available +about the whole process, e.g. how to prepare an installation medium +and how actually boot from that medium. Duplicating that information +here is neither possible nor necessary. However, we will describe +here which kind of Debian-specific data is needed and where do you +find them. Based on both sources of information you have to prepare +your machine and the installation medium and to perform a boot from +it. When you see the welcome message in your client session join this +document again for the Debian-specific installation steps. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="s390"> + <title>Native and LPAR installations</title> +<para> + +Please refer to chapter 5 of the +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg244987.pdf"> +Linux for &arch-title;</ulink> +Redbook and chapter 3.2 of the +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg246264.pdf"> +Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions</ulink> +Redbook on how to set up an LPAR for Linux. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="s390"> + <title>Installation as a VM guest</title> + +<para> + +Please refer to chapter 6 of the +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg244987.pdf"> +Linux for &arch-title;</ulink> +Redbook and chapter 3.1 of the +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg246264.pdf"> +Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions</ulink> +Redbook on how to set up a VM guest for running Linux. + +</para><para> + +You need to copy all the files from the <filename>vmrdr</filename> +sub-directory to your CMS disk. Be sure to transfer +<filename>kernel.debian</filename> and +<filename>initrd.debian</filename> in binary mode with a fixed record +length of 80 characters. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="s390"> + <title>Setting up an installation server</title> + +<para> + +If you don't have a connection to the Internet (either directly or via +a web proxy) you need to create a local installation server that can +be accessed from your S/390. This server keeps all the packages +you want to install and must make them available using NFS, HTTP or +FTP. + +</para><para> + +The installation server needs to copy the exact directory structure +from any &debian; mirror but of only the s390 and +architecture-independent files are required. You can also copy the +contents of all installation CDs into such a directory tree. + +</para><para condition="FIXME"> + +<emphasis>FIXME: more information needed - from a Redbook?</emphasis> + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/sparc.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/sparc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7aaac58b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/sparc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="sparc" id="invoking-openboot"><title>Invoking OpenBoot</title> + +<para> + +OpenBoot provides the basic functions needed to boot the &arch-title; +architecture. This is rather similar in function to the BIOS in the +x86 architecture, although much nicer. The Sun boot PROMs have a +built-in forth interpreter which lets you do quite a number of things +with your machine, such as diagnostics, simple scripts, etc. + +</para><para> + +To get to the boot prompt you need to hold down the +<keycap>Stop</keycap> key (on older type 4 keyboards, use the +<keycap>L1</keycap> key, if you have a PC keyboard adapter, use +the <keycap>Break</keycap> key) and press the +<keycap>A</keycap> key. The boot PROM will give you a prompt, +either <userinput>ok</userinput> or <userinput>></userinput>. It is +preferred to have the <userinput>ok</userinput> prompt. So if you get +the old style prompt, hit the <keycap>n</keycap> key to get the new +style prompt. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="sparc" id="boot-dev-select-sun"> + <title>Boot Device Selection</title> + +<para> + +You can use OpenBoot to boot from specific devices, and also to change +your default boot device. However, you need to know some details +about how OpenBoot names devices; it's much different from Linux +device naming, described in <xref linkend="device-names"/>. +Also, the command will vary a bit, depending on what version of +OpenBoot you have. More information about OpenBoot can be found in +the <ulink url="&url-openboot;">Sun OpenBoot Reference</ulink>. + +</para><para> + +Typically, with newer revisions, you can use OpenBoot device such as +``floppy'', ``cdrom'', ``net'', ``disk'', or ``disk2''. These have +the obvious meanings; the ``net'' device is for booting from the +network. Additionally, the device name can specify a particular +partition of a disk, such as ``disk2:a'' to boot disk2, first +partition. Full OpenBoot device names have the form + +<informalexample> +<screen> +<replaceable>driver-name</replaceable>@ +<replaceable>unit-address</replaceable>: +<replaceable>device-arguments</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample>. + +In older revisions of OpenBoot, device naming is a bit different: the +floppy device is called ``/fd'', and SCSI disk devices are of the form +``sd(<replaceable>controller</replaceable>, +<replaceable>disk-target-id</replaceable>, +<replaceable>disk-lun</replaceable>)''. The command +<userinput>show-devs</userinput> in newer OpenBoot revisions is useful +for viewing the currently configured devices. For full information, +whatever your revision, see the +<ulink url="&url-openboot;">Sun OpenBoot Reference</ulink>. + +</para><para> + +To boot from a specific device, use the command <userinput>boot +<replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput>. You can set this +behavior as the default using the <userinput>setenv</userinput> +command. However, the name of the variable to set changed between +OpenBoot revisions. In OpenBoot 1.x, use the command +<userinput>setenv boot-from +<replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput>. In later revisions of +OpenBoot, use the command <userinput>setenv boot-device +<replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput>. Note, this is also +configurable using the <command>eeprom</command> command on Solaris, +or modifying the appropriate files in +<filename>/proc/openprom/options/</filename>, for example under Linux: + +<informalexample><screen> + +echo disk1:1 >/proc/openprom/options/boot-device + +</screen></informalexample> + +and under Solaris: + +<informalexample><screen> + +eeprom boot-device=disk1:1 + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/install-overview.xml b/da/preparing/install-overview.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec4931317 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/install-overview.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 22664 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="install-overview"> + <title>Overview of the Installation Process</title> +<para> + +First, just a note about re-installations. With Debian, a +circumstance that will require a complete re-installation of your +system is very rare; perhaps mechanical failure of the hard disk would +be the most common case. + +</para><para> + +Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to +be performed when critical failures take place or for upgrades to new +OS versions. Even if a completely new installation isn't required, +often the programs you use must be re-installed to operate properly in +the new OS. + +</para><para> + +Under &debian;, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired +rather than replaced if things go wrong. Upgrades never require a +wholesale installation; you can always upgrade in-place. And the +programs are almost always compatible with successive OS releases. If +a new program version requires newer supporting software, the Debian +packaging system ensures that all the necessary software is +automatically identified and installed. The point is, much effort has +been put into avoiding the need for re-installation, so think of it as +your very last option. The installer is <emphasis>not</emphasis> +designed to re-install over an existing system. + +</para><para> + +Here's a road map for the steps you will take during the installation +process. + +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you +plan to install. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, +before starting the installation. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Create partition-able space for Debian on your hard disk. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Locate and/or download the installer software and any specialized +driver files your machine requires (except Debian CD users). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Set up boot tapes/floppies/USB sticks, or place boot files (most Debian +CD users can boot from one of the CDs). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Boot the installation system. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem arch="not-s390"><para> + +Select installation language. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem arch="not-s390"><para> + +Activate the ethernet network connection, if available. + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="s390"><para> + +Configure one network interface. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem arch="s390"><para> + +Open a ssh connection to the new system. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem arch="s390"><para> + +Attach one or more DASDs (Direct Access Storage Device). + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> + +Create and mount the partitions on which Debian will be installed. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Watch the automatic download/install/setup of the +<firstterm>base system</firstterm>. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Install a <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> +which can start up &debian; and/or your existing system. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Load the newly installed system for the first time, and make some +initial system settings. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem arch="s390"><para> + +Open a ssh connection to the new system. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Install additional software (<firstterm>tasks</firstterm> +and/or <firstterm>packages</firstterm>), at your discretion. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> + +If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which +packages are involved in which steps. Introducing the leading software +actors in this installation drama: + +</para><para> + +The installer software, <classname>debian-installer</classname>, is +the primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads +appropriate drivers, uses <classname>dhcp-client</classname> to set up the +network connection, and runs <classname>debootstrap</classname> to install +the base system packages. Many more actors play smaller parts in this process, +but <classname>debian-installer</classname> has completed its task when +you load the new system for the first time. + +</para><para> + +Upon loading the new base system, <classname>base-config</classname> +supervises adding users, setting a time zone (via +<classname>tzsetup</classname>), and setting up the +package installation system (using <classname>apt-setup</classname>). It then +launches <classname>tasksel</classname> which can be used to select large +groups of related programs, and in turn can run <classname>aptitude</classname> +which allows you to choose individual software packages. + +</para><para> + +When <classname>debian-installer</classname> finishes, before the +first system load, you have only a very basic command line driven +system. The graphical interface which displays windows on your monitor +will not be installed unless you select it during the final steps, +with either <classname>tasksel</classname> or +<classname>aptitude</classname>. It's optional because many &debian; +systems are servers which don't really have any need for a graphical +user interface to do their job. + +</para><para arch="not-s390"> + +Just be aware that the X system is completely separate from +<classname>debian-installer</classname>, and in fact is much more +complicated. Installation and trouble shooting of the X window +installation is not within the scope of this manual. + +</para> + </sect1> + diff --git a/da/preparing/minimum-hardware-reqts.xml b/da/preparing/minimum-hardware-reqts.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62f2cf987 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/minimum-hardware-reqts.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 19287 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="minimum-hardware-reqts"> +<title>Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements</title> +<para> + +Once you have gathered information about your computer's hardware, +check that your hardware will let you do the type of installation +that you want to do. + +</para><para arch="not-s390"> + +Depending on your needs, you might manage with less than some of the +recommended hardware listed in the table below. However, most users +risk being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +A Pentium 100 is the minimum recommended for desktop +systems, and a Pentium II-300 for a Server. + +</para><para arch="m68k"> + +A 68030 or better processor is recommended for m68k +installs. You may get by with a little less drive space than shown. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Any OldWorld or NewWorld PowerPC can serve well +as a Desktop System. For servers, a minimum 132-Mhz machine is +recommended. + +</para> + +<table> +<title>Recommended Minimum System Requirements</title> +<tgroup cols="3"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Install Type</entry><entry>RAM</entry><entry>Hard Drive</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>No desktop</entry> + <entry>24 megabytes</entry> + <entry>450 megabytes</entry> +</row><row> + <entry>With Desktop</entry> + <entry>64 megabytes</entry> + <entry>1 gigabyte</entry> +</row><row> + <entry>Server</entry> + <entry>128 megabytes</entry> + <entry>4 gigabytes</entry> +</row> + +</tbody></tgroup></table> + +<para> + +Here is a sampling of some common Debian system configurations. +You can also get an idea of the disk space used by related groups +of programs by referring to <xref linkend="tasksel-size-list"/>. + +</para> +<variablelist> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Standard Server</term> + <listitem><para> + +This is a small server profile, useful for a stripped down server +which does not have a lot of niceties for shell users. It includes an +FTP server, a web server, DNS, NIS, and POP. For these 100MB of disk +space would suffice, and then you would need to add space +for any data you serve up. + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry arch="not-s390"> + <term>Desktop</term> + <listitem><para> + +A standard desktop box, including the X window system, full desktop +environments, sound, editors, etc. You'll need about 2GB using the +standard desktop task, though it can be done in far less. + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry arch="not-s390"> + <term>Work Console</term> + <listitem><para> + +A more stripped-down user machine, without the X window system or X +applications. Possibly suitable for a laptop or mobile computer. The +size is around 140MB. + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Developer</term> + <listitem><para> + +A desktop setup with all the development packages, such as Perl, C, +C++, etc. Size is around 475MB. Assuming you are adding X11 and some +additional packages for other uses, you should plan around 800MB for +this type of machine. + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +</variablelist><para> + +Remember that these sizes don't include all the other materials which +are usually to be found, such as user files, mail, and data. It is +always best to be generous when considering the space for your own +files and data. Notably, the <filename>/var</filename> partition contains +a lot of state information specific to Debian in addition to its regular +contents like logfiles. The +<command>dpkg</command> files (with information on all installed +packages) can easily consume 20MB. Also, +<command>apt-get</command> puts downloaded packages here before they are +installed. You should +usually allocate at least 100MB for <filename>/var</filename>. + +</para> + + </sect1> + diff --git a/da/preparing/needed-info.xml b/da/preparing/needed-info.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a794642ed --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/needed-info.xml @@ -0,0 +1,407 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 18621 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="needed-info"> + <title>Information You Will Need</title> + + <sect2> + <title>Documentation</title> + + <sect3> + <title>Installation Manual</title> + +<para> + +This file you are now reading, in plain ASCII, HTML or PDF format. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="install.en.txt"></ulink> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="install.en.html"></ulink> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="install.en.pdf"></ulink> + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</sect3> + + + <sect3><title>Hardware documentation</title> +<para> + +Often contains useful information on configuring or using your hardware. + +</para> + + <itemizedlist> +<listitem arch="i386"><para> + +<ulink url="&url-hardware-howto;">Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO</ulink> + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="m68k"><para> + +<ulink url="&url-m68k-faq;">Linux/m68k FAQ</ulink> + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="alpha"><para> + +<ulink url="&url-alpha-faq;">Linux/Alpha FAQ</ulink> + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="sparc"><para> + +<ulink url="&url-sparc-linux-faq;">Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ</ulink> + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="mips;mipsel"><para> + +<ulink url="&url-mips-howto;">Linux/Mips Howto</ulink> + +</para></listitem> + +</itemizedlist> + </sect3> + + + <sect3 arch="s390"> + <title>&arch-title; Hardware References</title> +<para> + + +Installation instructions and device drivers (DASD, XPRAM, Console, + tape, z90 crypto, chandev, network) for Linux on &arch-title; using + kernel 2.4 + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/linux390/docu/l390dd08.pdf">Device Drivers and Installation Commands</ulink> + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +IBM Redbook describing how Linux can be combined with z/VM on +zSeries and &arch-title; hardware. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg244987.pdf"> +Linux for &arch-title;</ulink> + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +IBM Redbook describing the Linux distributions available for the +mainframe. It has no chapter about Debian but the basic installation +concepts are the same across all &arch-title; distributions. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg246264.pdf"> +Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions</ulink> + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + </sect3> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="fsohi"> + <title>Finding Sources of Hardware Information</title> +<para> + +In many cases, the installer will be able to automatically detect your +hardware. But to be prepared, we do recommend familiarising +yourself with your hardware before the install. + +</para><para> + +Hardware information can be gathered from: + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +The manuals that come with each piece of hardware. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The BIOS setup screens of your computer. You can view these screens +when you start your computer by pressing a combination of keys. Check +your manual for the combination. Often, it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> key. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The cases and boxes for each piece of hardware. + +</para></listitem> + +<listitem arch="i386"><para> + +The System window in the Windows Control Panel. + + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +System commands or tools in another operating system, including file +manager displays. This source is especially useful for information +about RAM and hard drive memory. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Your system administrator or Internet Service Provider. These +sources can tell you the settings you need to set up your +networking and e-mail. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +<table> +<title>Hardware Information Needed for an Install</title> +<tgroup cols="2"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Hardware</entry><entry>Information You Might Need</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="5">Hard Drives</entry> + <entry>How many you have.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Their order on the system.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry>Whether IDE or SCSI (most computers are IDE).</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Available free space.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Partitions.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry>Partitions where other operating systems are installed.</entry> +</row> + +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="5">Monitor</entry> + <entry>Model and manufacturer.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Resolutions supported.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Horizontal refresh rate.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Vertical refresh rate.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry>Color depth (number of colors) supported.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Screen size.</entry></row> + +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="3">Mouse</entry> + <entry>Type: serial, PS, or USB.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Port.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Manufacturer.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Number of buttons.</entry></row> + +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="1">Network</entry> + <entry>Model and manufacturer.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Type of adapter.</entry></row> + +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="1">Printer</entry> + <entry>Model and manufacturer.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Printing resolutions supported.</entry></row> + +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry morerows="2">Video Card</entry> + <entry>Model and manufacturer.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="not-s390"><entry>Video RAM available.</entry></row> +<row arch="not-s390"> + <entry>Resolutions and color depths supported (these should be + checked against your monitor's capabilities).</entry> +</row> + +<row arch="s390"> + <entry morerows="1">DASD</entry> + <entry>Device number(s).</entry> +</row> +<row arch="s390"><entry>Available free space.</entry></row> + +<row arch="s390"> + <entry morerows="2">Network</entry> + <entry>Type of adapter.</entry> +</row> +<row arch="s390"><entry>Device numbers.</entry></row> +<row arch="s390"><entry>Relative adapter number for OSA cards.</entry></row> + +</tbody></tgroup></table> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Hardware Compatibility</title> + +<para> + +Many brand name products work without trouble on Linux. Moreover, +hardware for Linux is improving daily. However, Linux still does not +run as many different types of hardware as some operating systems. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +In particular, Linux usually cannot run hardware that requires a +running version of Windows to work. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +Although some Windows-specific hardware can be made to run on Linux, +doing so usually requires extra effort. In addition, Linux drivers +for Windows-specific hardware are usually specific to one Linux +kernel. Therefore, they can quickly become obsolete. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +So called win-modems are the most common type of this hardware. +However, printers and other equipment may also be Windows-specific. + +</para><para> + +You can check hardware compatibility by: + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Checking manufacturers' web sites for new drivers. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Looking at web sites or manuals for information about emulation. +Lesser known brands can sometimes use the drivers or settings for +better-known ones. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Checking hardware compatibility lists for Linux on web sites +dedicated to your architecture. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Searching the Internet for other users' experiences. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Network Settings</title> + +<para> + +If your computer is connected to a network 24 hours a day (i.e., an +Ethernet or equivalent connection — not a PPP connection), you +should ask your network's system administrator for this information. + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Your host name (you may be able to decide this on your own). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Your domain name. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Your computer's IP address. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The netmask to use with your network. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The IP address of the default gateway system you should route to, if +your network <emphasis>has</emphasis> a gateway. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The system on your network that you should use as a DNS (Domain Name +Service) server. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para><para condition="supports-dhcp"> + +On the other hand, if your administrator tells you that a DHCP server +is available and is recommended, then you don't need this information +because the DHCP server will provide it directly to your computer +during the installation process. + +</para><para> + +If you use a wireless network, you should also find out: + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +ESSID of your wireless network. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +WEP security key (if applicable). + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para> + </sect2> + + </sect1> diff --git a/da/preparing/non-debian-partitioning.xml b/da/preparing/non-debian-partitioning.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed5529957 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/non-debian-partitioning.xml @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 19054 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="non-debian-partitioning"> + <title>Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems</title> +<para> + +Partitioning your disk simply refers to the act of breaking up your +disk into sections. Each section is then independent of the others. +It's roughly equivalent to putting up walls inside a house; if you add +furniture to one room it doesn't affect any other room. + +</para><para arch="s390"> + +Whenever this section talks about ``disks'' you should translate this +into a DASD or VM minidisk in the &arch-title; world. Also a machine means +an LPAR or VM guest in this case. + +</para><para> + +If you already have an operating system on your system + +<phrase arch="i386"> +(Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000/XP, OS/2, MacOS, Solaris, FreeBSD, …) +</phrase> + +<phrase arch="alpha"> +(Tru64 (Digital UNIX), OpenVMS, Windows NT, FreeBSD, …) +</phrase> + +<phrase arch="s390"> +(VM, z/OS, OS/390, …) +</phrase> + +<phrase arch="m68k"> +(Amiga OS, Atari TOS, Mac OS, …) +</phrase> + +and want to stick Linux on the same disk, you will need to repartition +the disk. Debian requires its own hard disk partitions. It cannot be +installed on Windows or MacOS partitions. It may be able to share some +partitions with other Linux systems, but that's not covered here. At +the very least you will need a dedicated partition for the Debian +root. + +</para><para> + +You can find information about your current partition setup by using +a partitioning tool for your current operating system + +<phrase arch="i386">, such as fdisk or PartitionMagic</phrase> + +<phrase arch="powerpc">, such as Drive Setup, HD Toolkit, or MacTools</phrase> + +<phrase arch="m68k">, such as HD SC Setup, HDToolBox, or SCSITool</phrase> + +<phrase arch="s390">, such as the VM diskmap</phrase> + +. Partitioning tools always provide a way to show existing partitions +without making changes. + +</para><para> + +In general, changing a partition with a file system already on +it will destroy any information there. Thus you should always make +backups before doing any repartitioning. Using the analogy of the +house, you would probably want to move all the furniture out of the +way before moving a wall or you risk destroying it. + +</para><para arch="hppa" condition="FIXME"> + +<emphasis>FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?</emphasis> + +</para><para> + +If your computer has more than one hard disk, you may want to dedicate +one of the hard disks completely to Debian. If so, you don't need to +partition that disk before booting the installation system; the +installer's included partitioning program can handle the job nicely. + +</para><para> + +If your machine has only one hard disk, and you would like to +completely replace the current operating system with &debian;, +you also can wait to partition as part of the installation process +(<xref linkend="partman"/>), after you have booted the +installation system. However this only works if you plan to boot the +installer system from tapes, CD-ROM or files on a connected machine. +Consider: if you boot from files placed on the hard disk, and then +partition that same hard disk within the installation system, thus +erasing the boot files, you'd better hope the installation is +successful the first time around. At the least in this case, you +should have some alternate means of reviving your machine like the +original system's installation tapes or CDs. + +</para><para> + +If your machine already has multiple partitions, and enough space can +be provided by deleting and replacing one or more of them, then you +too can wait and use the Debian installer's partitioning program. You +should still read through the material below, because there may be +special circumstances like the order of the existing partitions within +the partition map, that force you to partition before installing +anyway. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +If your machine has a FAT filesystem, as used by DOS and older versions of +Windows, you can wait and use Debian installer's partitioning program to +resize the FAT filesystem. + +</para><para> + +If none of the above apply, you'll need to partition your hard disk before +starting the installation to create partition-able space for +Debian. If some of the partitions will be owned by other operating +systems, you should create those partitions using native operating +system partitioning programs. We recommend that you do +<emphasis>not</emphasis> attempt to create Debian Linux partitions +using another operating system's tools. Instead, you should just +create the native operating system's partitions you will want to +retain. + +</para><para> + +If you are going to install more than one operating system on the same +machine, you should install all other system(s) before proceeding with +Linux installation. Windows and other OS installations may destroy +your ability to start Linux, or encourage you to reformat non-native +partitions. + +</para><para> + +You can recover from these actions or avoid them, but installing +the native system first saves you trouble. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian; the Linux +partitions should appear before all other partitions on the disk, +especially MacOS boot partitions. This should be kept in mind when +pre-partitioning; you should create a Linux placeholder partition to +come <emphasis>before</emphasis> the other bootable partitions on the +disk. (The small partitions dedicated to Apple disk drivers are not +bootable.) You can delete the placeholder with the Linux partition +tools later during the actual install, and replace it with Linux +partitions. + +</para><para> + +If you currently have one hard disk with one partition (a common setup +for desktop computers), and you want to multi-boot the native +operating system and Debian, you will need to: + + <orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Back up everything on the computer. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Boot from the native operating system installer media such as CD-ROM +or tapes. + +<phrase arch="powerpc">When booting from a MacOS CD, hold the +<keycap>c</keycap> key while +booting to force the CD to become the active MacOS system.</phrase> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Use the native partitioning tools to create native system +partition(s). Leave either a place holder partition or free space for +&debian;. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Install the native operating system on its new partition. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Boot back into the native system to verify everything's OK, + and to download the Debian installer boot files. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Boot the Debian installer to continue installing Debian. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</para> + +&nondeb-part-alpha.xml; +&nondeb-part-i386.xml; +&nondeb-part-m68k.xml; +&nondeb-part-sparc.xml; +&nondeb-part-powerpc.xml; + + </sect1> diff --git a/da/preparing/nondeb-part/alpha.xml b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/alpha.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..591a09791 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/alpha.xml @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="alpha"><title>Partitioning in Tru64 UNIX</title> +<para> + +Tru64 UNIX, formerly known as Digital UNIX, which is in turn formerly +known as OSF/1, uses the partitioning scheme similar to the BSD `disk +label', which allows for up to eight partitions per disk drive. The +partitions are numbered `1' through to `8' in +Linux and ``lettered'' `a' through to `h' in UNIX. +Linux kernels 2.2 and higher always correspond `1' to +`a', `2' to `b' and so on. For +example, <filename>rz0e</filename> in Tru64 UNIX would most likely be called +<filename>sda5</filename> in Linux. + +</para><para> + +Partitions in the disk label may overlap. Moreover, the `c' partition +is required to span the entire disk (thus overlapping all other +non-empty partitions). Under Linux this makes <filename>sda3</filename> +identical to <filename>sda</filename> (<filename>sdb3</filename> to <filename>sdb</filename>, if +present, and so on). Apart from satisfying this requirement, you +should carefully avoid creating overlapping partitions. + +</para><para> + +Another conventional requirement is for the `a' partition to start from +the beginning of the disk, so that it always includes the boot block +with the disk label. If you intend to boot Debian from that disk, you +need to size it at least 2MB to fit aboot and perhaps a kernel. + +</para><para> + +Note that these two partitions are only required for compatibility; +you must not put a file system onto them, or you'll destroy data. If +you're not going to share the disk with Tru64 Unix or one of the free +4.4BSD-Lite derived operating systems (FreeBSD, OpenBSD, or NetBSD), +you can ignore these requirements, and use the partitioning tool from +the Debian boot disks. See <xref linkend="partition-programs"/> for details. + +</para><para> + +Disks can be partitioned with the graphical disk configuration tool that +is accessible through the Application Manager, or with the command-line +<command>disklabel</command> utility. Partition type for the Linux file +system should be set to `resrvd8'. This can only be done via +<command>disklabel</command>; however, all other configuration can easily be +performed with the graphical tool. + +</para><para> + +It is possible, and indeed quite reasonable, to share a swap partition +between UNIX and Linux. In this case it will be needed to do a +<command>mkswap</command> on that partition every time the system is rebooted +from UNIX into Linux, as UNIX will damage the swap signature. You may +want to run <command>mkswap</command> from the Linux start-up scripts before +adding swap space with <command>swapon -a</command>. + +</para><para> + +If you want to mount UNIX partitions under Linux, note that Digital UNIX +can use two different file system types, UFS and AdvFS, of which Linux +only understands the former. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="alpha"><title>Partitioning in Windows NT</title> + +<para> + +Windows NT uses the PC-style partition table. If you are manipulating +existing FAT or NTFS partitions, it is recommended that you use the +native Windows NT tools (or, more conveniently, you can also +repartition your disk from the AlphaBIOS setup menu). Otherwise, it +is not really necessary to partition from Windows; the Linux +partitioning tools will generally do a better job. Note that when you +run NT, the Disk Administrator may offer you to write a ``harmless +signature'' on non-Windows disks if you have any. <emphasis>Never</emphasis> let +it do that, as this signature will destroy the partition information. + +</para><para> + +If you plan to boot Linux from an ARC/AlphaBIOS/ARCSBIOS console, you +will need a (small) FAT partition for MILO. 5 Mb is quite +sufficient. If Windows NT is installed, its 6 Mb bootstrap partition +can be employed for this purpose. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/nondeb-part/i386.xml b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/i386.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..389121384 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/i386.xml @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 22664 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="i386"><title>Partitioning From DOS or Windows</title> +<para> + +If you are manipulating existing FAT or NTFS partitions, it is +recommended that you either use the scheme below or native Windows or +DOS tools. Otherwise, it is not really necessary to partition from DOS +or Windows; the Linux partitioning tools will generally do a better +job. + +</para><para> + +But if you have a large IDE disk, and are using neither LBA addressing, +overlay drivers (sometimes provided by hard disk manufacturers), nor a +new (post 1998) BIOS that supports large disk access extensions, then +you must locate your Debian boot partition carefully. In this case, +you will have to put the boot partition into the first 1024 cylinders +of your hard drive (usually around 524 megabytes, without BIOS +translation). This may require that you move an existing FAT or NTFS +partition. + +</para> + + <sect3 id="lossless"> + <title>Lossless Repartitioning When Starting From DOS, Win-32 or OS/2 + </title> + +<para> + +One of the most common installations is onto a system that already +contains DOS (including Windows 3.1), Win32 (such as Windows 95, 98, Me, +NT, 2000, XP), or OS/2, and it is desired to put Debian onto the same disk +without destroying the previous system. Note that the installer supports +resizing of FAT and NTFS filesystems as used by DOS and Windows, +and in most cases you should not need to use the method described below, +unless you need to move the start of the filesystem. + +</para><para> + +Before going any further, you should have decided how you will be +dividing up the disk. The method in this section will only split a +partition into two pieces. One will contain the original OS and the +other will be used for Debian. During the installation of Debian, you +will be given the opportunity to use the Debian portion of the disk as you +see fit, i.e., as swap or as a file system. + +</para><para> + +The idea is to move all the data on the partition to the beginning, +before changing the partition information, so that nothing will be +lost. It is important that you do as little as possible between the +data movement and repartitioning to minimize the chance of a file +being written near the end of the partition as this will decrease the +amount of space you can take from the partition. + +</para><para> + +The first thing needed is a copy of <command>fips</command> which is +available in the <filename>tools/</filename> directory on your nearest Debian +mirror. Unzip the archive and copy the files +<filename>RESTORRB.EXE</filename>, <filename>FIPS.EXE</filename> and +<filename>ERRORS.TXT</filename> to a bootable floppy. A bootable floppy can +be created using the command <filename>sys a:</filename> under DOS. +<command>fips</command> comes with very good documentation which you may +want to read. You will definitely need to read the documentation if +you use a disk compression driver or a disk manager. Create the disk +and read the documentation <emphasis>before</emphasis> you defragment the disk. + +</para><para> + +The next thing needed is to move all the data to the beginning of the +partition. <command>defrag</command>, which comes standard with DOS 6.0 and +later, can easily do the job. See the <command>fips</command> documentation +for a list of other software that may do the trick. Note that if you +have Windows 9x, you must run <command>defrag</command> from there, since +DOS doesn't understand VFAT, which is used to support for long +filenames, used in Windows 95 and higher. + +</para><para> + +After running the defragmenter (which can take a while on a large +disk), reboot with the <command>fips</command> disk you created in the +floppy drive. Simply type <filename>a:\fips</filename> and follow the directions. + +</para><para> + +Note that there are many other other partition managers out there, in +case <command>fips</command> doesn't do the trick for you. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="partitioning-for-dos"><title>Partitioning for DOS</title> + +<para> + +If you are partitioning for DOS drives, or changing the size of DOS +partitions, using Linux tools, many people experience problems working +with the resulting FAT partitions. For instance, some have reported +slow performance, consistent problems with <command>scandisk</command>, or +other weird errors in DOS or Windows. + +</para><para> + +Apparently, whenever you create or resize a partition for DOS use, +it's a good idea to fill the first few sectors with zeros. Do this +prior to running DOS's <command>format</command> command, from Linux: +<informalexample><screen> + +dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdXX bs=512 count=4 + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/nondeb-part/m68k.xml b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/m68k.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..332769043 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/m68k.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Partitioning in AmigaOS</title> +<para> + +If you are running AmigaOS, you can use the <command>HDToolBox</command> +program to adjust your native partitions prior to installation. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Partitioning in Atari TOS</title> +<para> + +Atari partition IDs are three ASCII characters, use ``LNX'' for data +and ``SWP'' for swap partitions. If using the low memory installation +method, a small Minix partition is also needed (about 2 MB), for which +the partition ID is ``MNX''. Failure to set the appropriate partition +IDs not only prevents the Debian installation process from recognizing +the partitions, but also results in TOS attempting to use the Linux +partitions, which confuses the hard disk driver and renders the whole +disk inaccessible. + +</para><para> + +There are a multitude of third party partitioning tools available (the +Atari <command>harddisk</command> utility doesn't permit changing the +partition ID); this manual cannot give detailed descriptions for all +of them. The following description covers <command>SCSITool</command> (from +Hard+Soft GmBH). + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Start <command>SCSITool</command> and select the disk you want to partition +(<guimenu>Disk</guimenu> menu, item <guimenuitem>select</guimenuitem>). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +From the <guimenu>Partition</guimenu> menu, select either +<guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem> to add new partitions or change the +existing partition sizes, or <guimenuitem>Change</guimenuitem> to +change one specific partition. Unless you have already created +partitions with the right sizes and only want to change the partition +ID, <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem> is probably the best choice. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +For the <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem> choice, select +<guilabel>existing</guilabel> in the dialog box +prompting the initial settings. The next window shows a list of +existing partitions which you can adjust using the scroll buttons, or +by clicking in the bar graphs. The first column in the partition list +is the partition type; just click on the text field to edit it. When +you are finished changing partition settings, save the changes by +leaving the window with the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +For the <guimenuitem>Change</guimenuitem> option, select the partition +to change in the selection list, and select <guilabel>other +systems</guilabel> in the dialog box. The +next window lists detailed information about the location of this +partition, and lets you change the partition ID. Save changes by +leaving the window with the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Write down the Linux names for each of the partitions you created or +changed for use with Linux — see <xref linkend="device-names"/>. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Quit <command>SCSITool</command> using the +<guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem> item from the <guimenu>File</guimenu> +menu. The computer will reboot to make sure the changed partition +table is used by TOS. If you changed any TOS/GEM partitions, they will +be invalidated and have to be reinitialized (we told you to back up +everything on the disk, didn't we?). + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</para><para> + +There is a partitioning tool for Linux/m68k called +<command>atari-fdisk</command> in the installation system, but for now we +recommend you partition your disk using a TOS partition editor or some +disk tool. If your partition editor doesn't have an option to edit the +partition type, you can do this crucial step at a later stage (from +the booted temporary install RAMdisk). <command>SCSITool</command> is only +one of the partition editors we know of which supports selection of +arbitrary partition types. There may be others; select the tool that +suits your needs. + +</para> +</sect2> + + <sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Partitioning in MacOS</title> +<para> + +Partitioning tools for Macintosh tested include <command>pdisk</command>, +<command>HD SC Setup</command> 7.3.5 (Apple), <command>HDT</command> 1.8 (FWB), +<command>SilverLining</command> (LaCie), and <command>DiskTool</command> (Tim +Endres, GPL). Full versions are required for <command>HDT</command> and +<command>SilverLining</command>. The Apple tool requires a patch in order +to recognize third-party disks (a description on how to patch <command>HD +SC Setup</command> using <command>ResEdit</command> can be found at +<ulink url="http://www.euronet.nl/users/ernstoud/patch.html"></ulink>). + +</para><para> + +For IDE based Macs, you need to use <command>Apple Drive Setup</command> to create +empty space for the Linux partitions, and complete the partitioning under +Linux, or use the MacOS version of pdisk available from the MkLinux FTP +server. + +</para> +</sect2> + diff --git a/da/preparing/nondeb-part/powerpc.xml b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/powerpc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31094b54b --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/powerpc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="powerpc"><title>MacOS/OSX Partitioning</title> + +<para> + +The <application>Apple Drive Setup</application> application can be found in the +<filename>Utilities</filename> folder on the MacOS CD. It will not adjust existing +partitions; it is limited to partitioning the entire disk at once. The +disk driver partitions don't show up in <application>Drive Setup</application>. + +</para><para> + +Remember to create a placeholder partition for GNU/Linux, preferably +positioned first in the disk layout. it doesn't matter what type it +is, it will be deleted and replaced later inside the &debian; installer. + +</para><para> + +If you are planning to install both MacOS 9 and OS X, it is best to +create separate partitions for OS 9 and OS X. If they are installed on +the same partition, <application>Startup Disk</application> (and reboot) must be used to select +between the two; the choice between the two systems can't be made at +boot time. With separate partitions, separate options for OS 9 and OS +X will appear when holding the <keycap>option</keycap> key at boot time, and separate +options can be installed in the <application>yaboot</application> boot menu as well. Also, +Startup Disk will de-bless all other mountable partitions, which can +affect GNU/Linux booting. Both OS 9 and OS X partitions will be +accessible from either OS 9 or OS X. + +</para><para> + +GNU/Linux is unable to access information on HFS+ (aka MacOS Extended) +or UFS partitions. OS X requires one of these two types for its boot +partition. MacOS 9 can be installed on either HFS (aka MacOS Standard) +or HFS+. To share information between the MacOS and GNU/Linux systems, +an exchange partition is handy. HFS and MS-DOS FAT partitions are +supported by both MacOS and Linux. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/nondeb-part/sparc.xml b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/sparc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..016d55015 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/nondeb-part/sparc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="sparc"><title>Partitioning from SunOS</title> + +<para> + +It's perfectly fine to partition from SunOS; in fact, if you intend to +run both SunOS and Debian on the same machine, it is recommended that +you partition using SunOS prior to installing Debian. The Linux +kernel understands Sun disk labels, so there are no problems there. +Just make sure you leave room for the Debian root partition within the +first 1GB area of the boot disk. You can also place the kernel image on a +UFS partition if that is easier than putting the root partition there. +SILO supports booting Linux and SunOS from either EXT2 (Linux), UFS +(SunOS), romfs and iso9660 (CDROM) partitions. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="sparc"><title>Partitioning from Linux or another OS</title> + +<para> + +Whatever system you are using to partition, make sure you create a +``Sun disk label'' on your boot disk. This is the only kind of +partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, and so it's the +only scheme from which you can boot. In <command>fdisk</command>, the +<keycap>s</keycap> key is used to create Sun disk labels. You only need to do this +on drives that do not already have a Sun disk label. If you are using a +drive that was previously formatted using a PC (or other architecture) you +must create a new disk label, or problems with the disk geometry will most +likely occur. + +</para><para> + +You will probably be using <command>SILO</command> as your boot loader (the +small program which runs the operating system kernel). +<command>SILO</command> has certain requirements for partition sizes and +location; see <xref linkend="partitioning"/>. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/da/preparing/pre-install-bios-setup.xml b/da/preparing/pre-install-bios-setup.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c386a4eb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/pre-install-bios-setup.xml @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 18767 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="pre-install-bios-setup"> + <title>Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup</title> +<para> + +This section will walk you through pre-installation hardware setup, if +any, that you will need to do prior to installing Debian. Generally, +this involves checking and possibly changing firmware settings for +your system. The ``firmware'' is the core software used by the +hardware; it is most critically invoked during the bootstrap process +(after power-up). Known hardware issues affecting the reliability of +&debian; on your system are also highlighted. + +</para> + +&bios-setup-i386.xml; +&bios-setup-m68k.xml; +&bios-setup-powerpc.xml; +&bios-setup-sparc.xml; +&bios-setup-s390.xml; + + <sect2><title>Hardware Issues to Watch Out For</title> +<para arch="not-s390"> + +Many people have tried operating their 90 MHz CPU at 100 MHz, etc. It +sometimes works, but is sensitive to temperature and other factors and +can actually damage your system. One of the authors of this document +over-clocked his own system for a year, and then the system started +aborting the <command>gcc</command> program with an unexpected signal +while it was compiling the operating system kernel. Turning the CPU +speed back down to its rated value solved the problem. + +</para><para arch="not-s390"> + +The <command>gcc</command> compiler is often the first thing to die +from bad memory modules (or other hardware problems that change data +unpredictably) because it builds huge data structures that it +traverses repeatedly. An error in these data structures will cause it +to execute an illegal instruction or access a non-existent +address. The symptom of this will be <command>gcc</command> dying from +an unexpected signal. + +</para><para arch="m68k"> + +Atari TT RAM boards are notorious for RAM problems under Linux; if you +encounter any strange problems, try running at least the kernel in +ST-RAM. Amiga users may need to exclude RAM using a booter memfile. + +<phrase condition="FIXME"><emphasis> + +FIXME: more description of this needed. + +</emphasis></phrase> + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +The very best motherboards support parity RAM and will actually tell +you if your system has a single-bit error in RAM. Unfortunately, they +don't have a way to fix the error, thus they generally crash +immediately after they tell you about the bad RAM. Still, it's better +to be told you have bad memory than to have it silently insert errors +in your data. Thus, the best systems have motherboards that support +parity and true-parity memory modules; see +<xref linkend="Parity-RAM"/>. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +If you do have true-parity RAM and your motherboard can handle it, be +sure to enable any BIOS settings that cause the motherboard to +interrupt on memory parity errors. + +</para> + + <sect3 arch="i386"><title>The Turbo Switch</title> +<para> + +Many systems have a <emphasis>turbo</emphasis> switch that controls +the speed of the CPU. Select the high-speed setting. If your BIOS +allows you to disable software control of the turbo switch (or +software control of CPU speed), do so and lock the system in +high-speed mode. We have one report that on a particular system, while +Linux is auto-probing (looking for hardware devices) it can +accidentally touch the software control for the turbo switch. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="i386"><title>Cyrix CPUs and Floppy Disk Errors</title> +<para> + +Many users of Cyrix CPUs have had to disable the cache in their +systems during installation, because the floppy disk has errors if +they do not. If you have to do this, be sure to re-enable your cache +when you are finished with installation, as the system runs +<emphasis>much</emphasis> slower with the cache disabled. + +</para><para> + +We don't think this is necessarily the fault of the Cyrix CPU. It may +be something that Linux can work around. We'll continue to look into +the problem. For the technically curious, we suspect a problem with +the cache being invalid after a switch from 16-bit to 32-bit code. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="i386"><title>Peripheral Hardware Settings</title> +<para> + +You may have to change some settings or jumpers on your computer's +peripheral cards. Some cards have setup menus, while others rely on +jumpers. This document cannot hope to provide complete information on +every hardware device; what it hopes to provide is useful tips. + +</para><para> + +If any cards provide ``mapped memory'', the memory should be mapped +somewhere between 0xA0000 and 0xFFFFF (from 640K to just below 1 +megabyte) or at an address at least 1 megabyte greater than the total +amount of RAM in your system. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="i386" id="usb-keyboard-config"><title>USB keyboards</title> +<para> + +If you have no AT-style keyboard and only a USB model, you may need +to enable legacy AT keyboard emulation in your BIOS setup. Only do this if +the installation system fails to use your keyboard in USB mode. Consult +your main board manual and look in the BIOS for "Legacy keyboard +emulation" or "USB keyboard support" options. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>More than 64 MB RAM</title> +<para> + +The Linux Kernel can not always detect what amount of RAM you have. If +this is the case please look at <xref linkend="boot-parms"/>. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/da/preparing/preparing.xml b/da/preparing/preparing.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fb274e80 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/preparing.xml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 16467 untranslated --> + +<chapter id="preparing"> + <title>Before Installing &debian;</title> +<para> + +This chapter deals with the preparation for installing Debian before you even +boot the installer. This includes backing up your data, gathering information +about your hardware, and locating any necessary information. + +</para> + +&install-overview.xml; +&backup.xml; +&needed-info.xml; +&minimum-hardware-reqts.xml; +&non-debian-partitioning.xml; +&pre-install-bios-setup.xml; + +</chapter> |