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diff --git a/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml b/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46df78793 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 18674 untranslated --> + + + <sect2 arch="i386" id="bios-setup"><title>Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu</title> + +<para> + +BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine to allow +your operating system to access your hardware. Your system probably +provides a BIOS set-up menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. +Before installing, you <emphasis>must</emphasis> ensure that your BIOS +is setup correctly; not doing so can lead to intermittent crashes or +an inability to install Debian. + +</para><para> + +The rest of this section is lifted from the +<ulink url="&url-pc-hw-faq;"></ulink>, answering the question, "How do I +enter the CMOS configuration menu?". How you access the BIOS (or +``CMOS'') configuration menu depends on who wrote your BIOS software: + +</para> + +<!-- From: burnesa@cat.com (Shaun Burnet) --> +<variablelist> + +<varlistentry> + <term>AMI BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST (power on self test) + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Award BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> +</keycombo>, or <keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry><term>DTK BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycap>Esc</keycap> key during the POST + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry><term>IBM PS/2 BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap> +</keycombo> +after +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap> +</keycombo> + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry> + <term>Phoenix BIOS</term> + <listitem><para> + +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> +</keycombo> +or +<keycombo> + <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>S</keycap> +</keycombo> +or +<keycap>F1</keycap> + +</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +<para> + +Information on invoking other BIOS routines can be found in +<ulink url="&url-invoking-bios-info;"></ulink>. + +</para><para> + +Some &arch-title; machines don't have a CMOS configuration menu in the +BIOS. They require a software CMOS setup program. If you don't have +the Installation and/or Diagnostics diskette for your machine, you can +try using a shareware/freeware program. Try looking in +<ulink url="&url-simtel;"></ulink>. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="i386" id="boot-dev-select"><title>Boot Device Selection</title> + +<para> + +Many BIOS set-up menus allow you to select the devices that will be +used to bootstrap the system. Set this to look for a bootable +operating system on <filename>A:</filename> (the first floppy disk), +then optionally the first CD-ROM device (possibly appearing as +<filename>D:</filename> or <filename>E:</filename>), and then from +<filename>C:</filename> (the first hard disk). This setting enables +you to boot from either a floppy disk or a CD-ROM, which are the two +most common boot devices used to install Debian. + +</para><para> + +If you have a newer SCSI controller and you have a CD-ROM device +attached to it, you are usually able to boot from the CD-ROM. All you +have to do is enable booting from a CD-ROM in the SCSI-BIOS of your +controller. + +</para><para> + +Other popular option is to boot from a USB storage (also called USB +memory stick or USB key). Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, +and some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot from +a <quote>Removable drive</quote> or even a <quote>USB-ZIP</quote> to +get it to boot from the USB device. + +</para><para> + +Here are some details about how to set the boot order. Remember to +reset the boot order after Linux is installed, so that you restart +your machine from the hard drive. + +</para> + + <sect3 id="ctbooi"> + <title>Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers</title> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the BIOS +utility. Often, it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> key. However, +consult the hardware documentation for the exact keystrokes. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Find the boot sequence in the setup utility. Its location depends on +your BIOS, but you are looking for a field that lists drives. + +</para><para> + + +Common entries on IDE machines are C, A, cdrom or A, C, cdrom. + +</para><para> + + +C is the hard drive, and A is the floppy drive. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Change the boot sequence setting so that the CD-ROM or the +floppy is first. Usually, the <keycap>Page Up</keycap> or +<keycap>Page Down</keycap> keys cycle +through the possible choices. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to +save the changes on your computer. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="ctboos"> + <title>Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers</title> +<para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the SCSI setup +utility. + +</para><para> + +You can start the SCSI setup utility after the memory check and +the message about how to start the BIOS utility displays when you +start your computer. + +</para><para> + +The keystrokes you need depend on the utility. Often, it is +<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>. +However, consult your hardware documentation for the +exact keystrokes. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Find the utility for changing the boot order. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Set the utility so that the SCSI ID of the CD drive is first on +the list. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to +save the changes on your computer. Often, you must press +<keycap>F10</keycap>. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="i386"> + <title>Miscellaneous BIOS Settings</title> + + <sect3 id="cd-settings"><title>CD-ROM Settings</title> +<para> + +Some BIOS systems (such as Award BIOS) allow you to automatically set +the CD speed. You should avoid that, and instead set it to, say, the +lowest speed. If you get <userinput>seek failed</userinput> error +messages, this may be your problem. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Extended vs. Expanded Memory</title> +<para> + +If your system provides both ex<emphasis>ten</emphasis>ded and +ex<emphasis>pan</emphasis>ded memory, set it so that there is as much +extended and as little expanded memory as possible. Linux requires +extended memory and cannot use expanded memory. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Virus Protection</title> +<para> + +Disable any virus-warning features your BIOS may provide. If you have +a virus-protection board or other special hardware, make sure it is +disabled or physically removed while running GNU/Linux. These aren't +compatible with GNU/Linux; moreover, due to the file system +permissions and protected memory of the Linux kernel, viruses are +almost unheard of. + +<footnote> +<para> + +After installation you can enable Boot Sector protection if you +want. This offers no additional security in Linux but if you also run +Windows it may prevent a catastrophe. There is no need to tamper with +the Master Boot Record (MBR) after the boot manager has been set up. + +</para> +</footnote> + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Shadow RAM</title> +<para> + +Your motherboard may provide <emphasis>shadow RAM</emphasis> or BIOS +caching. You may see settings for ``Video BIOS Shadow'', ``C800-CBFF +Shadow'', etc. <emphasis>Disable</emphasis> all shadow RAM. Shadow +RAM is used to accelerate access to the ROMs on your motherboard and +on some of the controller cards. Linux does not use these ROMs once it +has booted because it provides its own faster 32-bit software in place +of the 16-bit programs in the ROMs. Disabling the shadow RAM may make +some of it available for programs to use as normal memory. Leaving +the shadow RAM enabled may interfere with Linux access to hardware +devices. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3><title>Memory Hole</title> +<para> + +If your BIOS offers something like ``15-16 MB Memory Hole'', please +disable that. Linux expects to find memory there if you have that much +RAM. + +</para><para> + +We have a report of an Intel Endeavor motherboard on which there is an +option called ``LFB'' or ``Linear Frame Buffer''. This had two +settings: ``Disabled'' and ``1 Megabyte''. Set it to ``1 Megabyte''. +When disabled, the installation floppy was not read correctly, and the +system eventually crashed. At this writing we don't understand what's +going on with this particular device — it just worked with that +setting and not without it. + +</para> + </sect3> + +<!-- no other platforms other than x86 provide this sort of thing, AFAIK --> + + <sect3><title>Advanced Power Management</title> +<para> + +If your motherboard provides Advanced Power Management (APM), +configure it so that power management is controlled by APM. Disable +the doze, standby, suspend, nap, and sleep modes, and disable the hard +disk's power-down timer. Linux can take over control of these modes, +and can do a better job of power-management than the BIOS. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> |