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author | Luca Monducci <luca.mo@tiscali.it> | 2005-12-04 17:19:43 +0000 |
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committer | Luca Monducci <luca.mo@tiscali.it> | 2005-12-04 17:19:43 +0000 |
commit | 8782c2ff7d376c547efc4592dde9f77d8ce835b5 (patch) | |
tree | 4e5dfa61d36a0ce4d155982b03ed4523b1ddb544 /it/appendix | |
parent | c080f85b43249c50c3e133903a975aa7ef692af0 (diff) | |
download | installation-guide-8782c2ff7d376c547efc4592dde9f77d8ce835b5.zip |
updated italian translation
Diffstat (limited to 'it/appendix')
-rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml | 372 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml | 404 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed.xml | 17 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/preseed.xml | 1003 |
4 files changed, 1404 insertions, 392 deletions
diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 79d3e143f..000000000 --- a/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,372 +0,0 @@ -<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> -<!-- original version: 30373 untranslated --> - -<informalexample condition="etch"><screen> -#### Startup. - -# To use a preseed file, you'll first need to boot the installer, -# and tell it what preseed file to use. This is done by passing the -# kernel a boot parameter, either manually at boot or by editing the -# syslinux.cfg (or similar) file and adding the parameter to the end -# of the append line(s) for the kernel. -# -# If you're netbooting, use this: -# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed -# If you're remastering a CD, you could use this: -# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed -# If you're installing from USB media, use this, and put the preseed file -# in the toplevel directory of the USB stick. -# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed -# -# If you feel comfortable modifying the installer's initrd image, -# you can also place a preseed file in the root directory of the initrd's -# filesystem, named "preseed.cfg" -- the installer will always use this -# file if it is present. Otherwise, be sure to copy this file to the location -# you specify. -# -# To make sure the installer gets the right preseed file, you can specify -# a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a md5sum, and if -# specified it must match the file or the installer will refuse to use the -# file. -# preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d -# preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d -# -# Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using -# some forms of preseeding, because the questions are asked before -# the preseed file is loaded. For example, if the preseed file is -# downloaded over the network, the network setup must be done first. -# One reason to use initrd preseeding is that it allows preseeding -# of even these early steps of the installation process. -# -# If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can -# still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel -# on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value for any of the preseed -# variables listed below. -# -# While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in -# there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some. -# And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit -# enter to boot the installer. -# -# Note that the 2.4 kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and -# 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the -# installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any -# excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. With kernel 2.6.9 or newer, -# you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. -# -# Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' may be safely removed -# for most installations, which may allow you to add more options for -# preseeding. - -# To select your language and country, use this setting, but remember -# that this will only work for initrd based preseeding, for other forms of -# preseeding you must convert it into a kernel parameter, -# such as debian-installer/locale=en_US -d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US - -# To select your keyboard, use this setting. Again it will need to be -# passed as a kernel parameter for most preseed setups. -d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us - -#### Network configuration. - -# Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the -# network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can -# also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are -# loading preseed files from the network. - -# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it -# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. -d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto - -# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for -# it, this might be useful. -#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 - -# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: -#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true -#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 -#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 -#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 -#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 -#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true - -# Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take -# precedence over values set here. However, setting the values still -# prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp. -d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname -d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain - -# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. -d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string -# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. -#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish - -#### Mirror settings. - -d-i mirror/country string enter information manually -d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org -d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian -d-i mirror/http/proxy string - -# What suite of Debian to install. -#d-i mirror/suite string testing -# What suite of Debian to use for loading installer components. -# (Defaults to same as mirror/suite.) -#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing - -#### Partitioning. - -# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. -#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ -# select Use the largest continuous free space - -# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can -# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. -# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: -d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc - -# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: -d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ - select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) -#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine -#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation - -# Or provide a recipe of your own... -# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. -# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can -# just point at it. -#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe - -# If not, you can put an entire recipe the preseed file in one (logical) -# line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and -# uses the rest of the space for the root partition: -#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ -# boot-root :: \ -# 40 50 100 ext3 \ -# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ -# method{ format } format{ } \ -# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ -# mountpoint{ /boot } \ -# . \ -# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ -# method{ format } format{ } \ -# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ -# mountpoint{ / } \ -# . \ -# 64 512 300% linux-swap \ -# method{ swap } format{ } \ -# . - -# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. -d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true -d-i partman/choose_partition \ - select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk -d-i partman/confirm boolean true - -#### Boot loader installation. - -# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed -# instead, uncomment this: -#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true - -# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR -# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. -d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true - -# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS -# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. -d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true - -# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, -# uncomment and edit these lines: -#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) -#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false -#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false - -#### Finishing up the first stage install. - -# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. -d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note - -# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot, -# which is useful in some situations. -#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false - -#### Shell commands. - -# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks -# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a -# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted -# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's -# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, -# automatically. - -# This first command is run as early as possible, just after -# preseeding is read. -#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb - -# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is -# still a usable /target directory. -#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar - -# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. -#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom - -# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: -# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to -# tweak the configuration of the system. -#base-config base-config/late_command \ -# string apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh - -###### Preseeding the 2nd stage of the installation. - -#### Preseeding base-config. - -# Avoid the introductory message. -base-config base-config/intro note - -# Avoid the final message. -base-config base-config/login note - -# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately -# after base-config finishes. -#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false - -# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. -# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project -# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. -#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false - -#### Clock and time zone setup. - -# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. -d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true - -# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of -# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for options. -d-i time/zone string US/Eastern - -#### Account setup. - -# To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this -# file. That is not a very good idea, use caution! -#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme -#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme - -# If you want to skip creation of a normal user account. -#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false - -# Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login. -#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User -#passwd passwd/username string debian -# And their password, but use caution! -#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure -#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure - -#### Apt setup. - -# This question controls what source the second stage installation uses -# for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list -# by hand -base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http - -# If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror. -base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually -base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org -base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian -# Stop after choosing one mirror. -base-config apt-setup/another boolean false - -# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. -#base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true -#base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true - -# Do enable security updates. -base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true - -#### Package selection. - -# You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. -# Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment, -# Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server, -# SQL database, Laptop, Standard system, manual package selection. The -# last of those will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no -# tasks, and force the installation of a set of packages in some other -# way. We recommend always including the Standard system task. -tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment, Standard system -#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Standard system - -#### Mailer configuration. - -# During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to -# avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. -exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ - select no configuration at this time -exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true -exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true - -# It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to -# create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to -# /var/mail/mail. -exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string - -#### X Configuration. - -# Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know -# some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X -# configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. - -# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, -# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. -#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa - -# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it -# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of -# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. -#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true - -# Monitor autodetection is recommended. -xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true -# Uncomment if you have an LCD display. -#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true -# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed -# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not -# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. -xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ - select medium -xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ - select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz - -#### Everything else. - -# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong -# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may -# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every -# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an -# installation, and then run these commands: -# debconf-get-selections --installer > file -# debconf-get-selections >> file - -# If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one. -# Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this -# file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be -# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their -# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from -# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. -#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg - -# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preseed files before -# using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums -# in the same order as the list of files to include. -#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d - -# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of -# preseed files, includes those files. -#d-i preseed/include_command \ -# string echo if [ "`hostname`" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi - -# To check the format of your preseed file before performing an install, -# you can use debconf-set-selections: -# debconf-set-selections -c preseed.cfg -</screen></informalexample> diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml index 3d79dda57..57141db5c 100644 --- a/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml +++ b/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml @@ -2,14 +2,26 @@ <!-- original version: 30372 untranslated --> <informalexample condition="sarge"><screen> +<!-- #### Startup. +--> +#### Avvio. +<!-- # To use a preseed file, you'll first need to boot the installer, # and tell it what preseed file to use. This is done by passing the # kernel a boot parameter, either manually at boot or by editing the # syslinux.cfg (or similar) file and adding the parameter to the end # of the append line(s) for the kernel. # +--> +# Per usare un file di preconfigurazione, sarà prima necessario avviare +# l'installatore e dirgli quale file di preconfigurazione usare. Ciò si fa +# passando al kernel un parametro di avvio, sia manualmente all'avvio, sia +# editando il file syslinux.cfg (o simile) e aggiungendo il parametro alla +# fine delle righe aggiuntive per il kernel. +# +<!-- # If you're netbooting, use this: # preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed # If you're remastering a CD, you could use this: @@ -19,6 +31,18 @@ # preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed # Be sure to copy this file to the location you specify. # +--> +# Se si sta avviando da rete, usare questa: +# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed +# Se si sta rimasterizzando un CD, si potrebbe usare questa: +# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed +# Se si sta installando da un supporto di memoria USB, usare questa, mettendo +# il file di preconfigurazione nella directory di livello superiore della +# penna USB. +# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed +# Ci si accerti di copiare questo file nella locazione specificata. +# +<!-- # Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using # some forms of preseeding, because the questions are asked before # the preseed file is loaded. For example, if the preseed file is @@ -26,48 +50,114 @@ # One reason to use initrd preseeding is that it allows preseeding # of even these early steps of the installation process. # +--> +# Alcune parti del processo di installazione non possono essere automatizzate +# usando una qualche forma di preconfigurazione perché le domande sono poste +# prima che il file di preconfigurazione sia caricato. Per esempio, se il file +# di preconfigurazione è scaricato dalla rete, l'impostazione di rete deve +# essere fatta prima. Una ragione per usare la preconfigurazione in initrd è +# che questa consente la preconfigurazione anche di quei passi preliminari del +# processo di installazione. +# +<!-- # If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can # still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel # on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value for any of the preseed # variables listed below. # +--> +# Se un file di preconfigurazione non può essere usato per preconfigurare +# alcuni passi, l'installazione può ancora essere completamente automatizzata +# poiché è possibile passare valori di preconfigurazione al kernel sulla linea +# di comando. Basta passare percorso/della/var=valore per ciascuna delle +# variabili di preconfigurazione sotto elencate. +# +<!-- # While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in # there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some. # And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit # enter to boot the installer. # +--> +# Fino a qui, si potrebbe voler aggiungere un debconf/priority=critical +# per evitare la maggior parte delle domande anche se alla preconfigurazione +# sotto riportata ne manca qualcuna. E si potrebbe impostare il timeout a 1 +# in syslinux.cfg per evitare che si debba premere il tasto di invio per +# avviare l'installatore. +# +<!-- # Note that the kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and # 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the # installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any # excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. With kernel 2.6.9 or newer, # you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. # +--> +# Si noti che il kernel accetta un massimo di 8 opzioni della linea di comando +# e 8 opzioni di ambiente (incluse le eventuali opzioni aggiunte in modo +# predefinito per l'installatore). Se questi numeri sono superati, i kernel +# 2.4 scarteranno le eventuali opzioni in eccesso e i kernel 2.6 andranno in +# panico. Con il kernel 2.6.9 o più nuovi, è possibile usare 32 opzioni della +# linea di comando e 32 opzioni di ambiente. +# +<!-- # Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' may be safely removed # for most installations, which may allow you to add more options for # preseeding. +--> +# Alcune opzioni predefinite, come 'vga=normal', possono essere rimosse senza +# problemi per la maggior parte delle installazioni, in modo da permettere di +# aggiungere ulteriori opzioni per la preconfigurazione. +<!-- # It is not possible to use preseeding to set language, country, and # keyboard. Instead you should use kernel parameters. Example: +--> +# Non è possibile usare la preconfigurazione per impostare la lingua, la +# nazione e la tastiera. Bisognerebbe usare, invece, i parametri del kernel. +# Esempio: # languagechooser/language-name=English # countrychooser/shortlist=US # console-keymaps-at/keymap=us +<!-- #### Network configuration. +--> +#### Configurazione della rete. +<!-- # Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the # network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can # also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are # loading preseed files from the network. - +--> +# Naturalmente, questa non funzionerà se si sta caricando il file di +# preconfigurazione dalla rete! Funzionerà se si sta avviando da CD o +# da penna USB. È anche possibile passare in ingresso parametri di +# configurazione di rete sui parametri del kernel, se si stanno caricando +# file di preconfigurazione dalla rete. + +<!-- # netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it # skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +--> +# netcfg sceglierà, se possibile, un'interfaccia che abbia un collegamento. +# Questa farà in modo di evitare di visualizzare una lista se è presente più +# di un'interfaccia. d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto +<!-- # If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for # it, this might be useful. +--> +# Se si ha un server dhcp lento e l'installatore andrà in timeout in attesa +# di esso, questo potrebbe essere utile. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 +<!-- # If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +--> +# Se si preferisce configurare manualmente la rete, ecco come fare: #d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true #d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 #d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 @@ -75,58 +165,114 @@ d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto #d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 #d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true +<!-- # Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take # precedence over values set here. However, setting the values still # prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp. +--> +# Si noti che gli eventuali nomi di host e dominio assegnati da dhcp hanno la +# precedenza sui valori qui impostati. Naturalmente, l'impostazione dei valori +# previene ancora che le domande siano visualizzate anche se i valori arrivano +# da dhcp. d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain +<!-- # Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +--> +# Disabilita quella noiosa finestra di dialogo della chiave WEP. d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +<!-- # The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +--> +# Lo stupido nome dell'host da dhcp che alcuni ISP usano come una sorta di +# password. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish +<!-- #### Mirror settings. +--> +#### Impostazioni del mirror. +<!-- d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +--> +d-i mirror/country string inserire manualmente le informazioni d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian d-i mirror/suite string testing d-i mirror/http/proxy string +<!-- #### Partitioning. +--> +#### Partizionamento. +<!-- # If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. #d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ # select Use the largest continuous free space +--> +# Se il sistema ha spazio libero è possibile scegliere di partizionare +# soltanto quello spazio. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ +# select Usa lo spazio libero continuo più grande +<!-- # Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can # be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. # For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc +--> +# In alternativa, è possibile specificare un disco da partizionare. Il nome +# del dispositivo può essere dato sia nel formato devfs che nel tradizionale +# formato non-devfs. +# Per esempio, per usare il primo disco riconosciuto da devfs: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc +<!-- # You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +--> +# È possibile scegliere da una qualsiasi delle ricette di partizionamento +# predefinite: d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select \ +<!-- All files in one partition (recommended for new users) -#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine -#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation +--> + Tutti i file in una partizione (raccomandata ai nuovi utenti) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Macchina desktop +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Stazione di lavoro multiutente +<!-- # Or provide a recipe of your own... # The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. # If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can # just point at it. +--> +# Oppure fornite una ricetta delle vostre... +# Il formato della ricetta è documentato nel file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# Se si ha modo di importare un file ricetta dentro l'ambiente +# dell'installatore, è possibile semplicemente puntare a questo. #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe +<!-- # If not, you can put an entire recipe in one line. This example creates # a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and uses the rest of the space # for the root partition: +--> +# Altrimenti, è possibile mettere un'intera ricetta in una riga. Questo +# esempio crea una piccola partizione /boot, un'area swap appropriata e usa +# il resto dello spazio per la partizione root: #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: \ # 20 50 100 ext3 $primary{ } $bootable{ } method{ format } format{ } \ # use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ /boot } . \ # 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 method{ format } format{ } \ # use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ / } . \ # 64 512 300% linux-swap method{ swap } format{ } . +<!-- # For reference, here is that same recipe in a more readable form: +--> +# Come riferimento, ecco quella stessa ricetta in una forma più leggibile: # boot-root :: # 40 50 100 ext3 # $primary{ } $bootable{ } @@ -143,147 +289,302 @@ d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select \ # method{ swap } format{ } # . +<!-- # This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +--> +# Questa fa in modo che partman partizioni automaticamente senza conferma. + d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true d-i partman/choose_partition select \ +<!-- Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +--> + Termina il partizionamento e scrivi le modifiche sul disco d-i partman/confirm boolean true +<!-- #### Boot loader installation. +--> +#### Installazione del boot loader. +<!-- # Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed # instead, uncomment this: +--> +# Grub è il caricatore di avvio predefinito (per x86). Se si desidera, +# invece, che sia installato lilo, scommentare questa: #d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true +<!-- # This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR # if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +--> +# Questa è ragionevolmente sicura da impostare, fa in modo che grub sia +# installato automaticamente nel MBR se nessun altro sistema operativo è +# rilevato nella macchina. d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true +<!-- # This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS # too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +--> +# Questa fa in modo che grub-installer si installi sul MBR se trova anche +# qualche altro sistema operativo, che è un po' meno sicuro poiché potrebbe +# non riuscire ad avviare gli altri sistemi operativi. d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true +<!-- # Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, # uncomment and edit these lines: +--> +# In alternativa, se si vuole installare in una locazione differente dal +# MBR, scommentare ed editare queste linee: #d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) #d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false #d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false +<!-- #### Finishing up the first stage install. +--> +#### Termine della prima fase dell'installazione. +<!-- # Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +--> +# Evita l'ultimo messaggio riguardo il completamento dell'installazione. d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note +<!-- #### Shell commands. +--> +#### Comandi da shell. +<!-- # d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks # for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a # preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted # locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's # a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, # automatically. - +--> +# La preconfigurazione del d-i è intrinsecamente non sicura. Niente +# nell'installatore verifica i tentativi di buffer overflow o altri +# exploit dei valori di un file di preconfigurazione come questo. Usare +# solo file di preconfigurazione da locazioni fidate! Per riuscire in ciò, e +# poiché è generalmente utile, ecco un modo per eseguire eventuali comandi +# da shell che si desiderano dentro l'installatore, automaticamente. + +<!-- # This first command is run as early as possible, just after # preseeding is read. +--> +# Questo primo comando è eseguito prima possibile, appena dopo la lettura +# della preconfigurazione. #d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb +<!-- # This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is # still a usable /target directory. +--> +# Questo comando è eseguito appena prima che l'installatore termini, ma +# quando c'è ancora una directory /target usabile. #d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar +<!-- # This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +--> +# Questo comando è eseguito non appena base-config si sta avviando. #base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom +<!-- # This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: # prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to # tweak the configuration of the system. +--> +# Questo comando è eseguito dopo che base-config è terminato, appena prima +# del prompt login:. Questo è un buon modo per installare un insieme di +# pacchetti che si vuole o per mettere a punto la configurazione del sistema. #base-config base-config/late_command string \ # apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh +<!-- ###### Preseeding the 2nd stage of the installation. +--> +###### Preconfigurazione della seconda fase dell'installazione. +<!-- #### Preseeding base-config. +--> +#### Preconfigurazione di base-config. +<!-- # Avoid the introductory message. +--> +# Evita il messaggio di introduzione. base-config base-config/intro note +<!-- # Avoid the final message. +--> +# Evita il messaggio finale. base-config base-config/login note +<!-- # If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately # after base-config finishes. +--> +# Se si è installato un gestore di visualizzazione ma non si vuole avviarlo +# immediatamente dopo il termine di base-config. #base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false +<!-- # Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. # The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project # determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. +--> +# Alcune versioni dell'installatore possono trasmettere un report di ciò che +# si è installato. L'impostazione predefinita è di non inviare report, ma +# l'invio dei report aiuta il progetto nel determinare quale software è più +# popolare per includerlo nei CD. #popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false +<!-- #### Clock and time zone setup. +--> +#### Impostazione dell'orologio e del fuso orario. +<!-- # Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. +--> +# Controlla se l'orologio hardware è impostato o meno su UTC. #base-config tzconfig/gmt boolean true +<!-- # If you told the installer that you're in the United States, then you # can set the time zone using this variable. # (Choices are: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii, # Aleutian, Arizona East-Indiana, Indiana-Starke, Michigan, Samoa, other) +--> +# Se si è detto all'installatore che ci si trova negli Stati Uniti, allora +# è possibile impostare il fuso orario usando questa variabile. +# (Le scelte sono: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii, +# Aleutian, Arizona East-Indiana, Indiana-Starke, Michigan, Samoa, altri) #base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/US select Eastern +<!-- # If you told it you're in Canada. # (Choices are: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central, # East-Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Mountain, Pacific, Yukon, other) +--> +# Se si è detto di trovarsi in Canada. +# (Le scelte sono: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central, +# East-Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Mountain, Pacific, Yukon, altri) #base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/CA select Eastern +<!-- # If you told it you're in Brazil. (Choices are: East, West, Acre, # DeNoronha, other) +--> +# Se si è detto di trovarsi in Brasile. (Le scelte sono: East, West, Acre, +# DeNoronha, altri) #base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/BR select East +<!-- # Many countries have only one time zone. If you told the installer you're # in one of those countries, you can choose its standard time zone via this # question. +--> +# Molte nazioni hanno un solo fuso orario. Se si è detto all'installatore di +# trovarsi in una di quelle nazioni, è possibile scegliere il fuso orario +# standard attraverso questa domanda. #base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_single boolean true +<!-- # This question is asked as a fallback for countries other than those # listed above, which have more than one time zone. You can preseed one of # the time zones, or "other". +--> +# Questa domanda è posta per sicurezza per tutte le altre nazioni non +# elencate sopra e che hanno più di un fuso orario. È possibile +# preconfigurare uno di questi fusi orari oppure "other". #base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_multiple select +<!-- #### Account setup. +--> +#### Impostazione dell'account. +<!-- # To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this # file. That is not a very good idea, use caution! +--> +# Per preimpostare la password di root occorre metterla in chiaro in questo +# file. Questa non è proprio una buona idea, fare attenzione! #passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme #passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme +<!-- # If you want to skip creation of a normal user account. +--> +# Se si vuole saltare la creazione dell'account di un utente normale. #passwd passwd/make-user boolean false +<!-- # Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login. +--> +# In alternativa, è possibile preimpostare il nome e il login dell'utente. #passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User #passwd passwd/username string debian +<!-- # And their password, but use caution! +--> +# E la sua password, ma si faccia attenzione! #passwd passwd/user-password password insecure #passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure +--> +<!-- #### Apt setup. +--> +#### Impostazione di Apt. +<!-- # This question controls what source the second stage installation uses # for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list # by hand +--> +# Questa domanda controlla quale origine per i pacchetti usa la seconda fase +# di installazione. Le scelte sono: cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, modifica +# la lista delle sorgenti a mano base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http +<!-- # If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror. +--> +# Se si sceglie ftp o http, sarà richiesta una nazione e un mirror. base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian +<!-- # Stop after choosing one mirror. +--> +# Termina dopo aver scelto un mirror. base-config apt-setup/another boolean false +<!-- # You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +--> +# È possibile scegliere di installare software non-free e contrib. #base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true #base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true +<!-- # Do enable security updates. +--> +# Abilita gli aggiornamenti di sicurezza. base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true +<!-- #### Package selection. +--> +#### Selezione dei pacchetti. +<!-- # You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. # Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment, # Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server, @@ -291,76 +592,165 @@ base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true # last of those will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no # tasks, and force the installation of a set of packages in some other # way. We recommend always including the Standard system task. -tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment, Standard system -#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Standard system - +--> +# È possibile scegliere di installare qualsiasi combinazione di task che +# siano disponibili. I task attualmente disponibili includono: Ambiente +# desktop, Server web, Server di stampa, Server DNS, File server, Server di +# posta, Database SQL, Computer portatile, Sistema standard, selezione +# manuale dei pacchetti. L'ultimo di questi eseguirà aptitude. Si può anche +# scegliere di non installare alcun task e forzare l'installazione di un +# insieme di pacchetti in qualche altro modo. Raccomandiamo di includere +# sempre il task Sistema standard. +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Ambiente desktop, Sistema standard +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Server web, Sistema standard + +<!-- #### Mailer configuration. +--> +#### Configurazione del programma di posta. +<!-- # During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to # avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. +--> +# Durante una normale installazione, exim pone soltanto qualche domanda. +# Ecco come evitare persino quelle. Una preconfigurazione più complicata è +# possibile. exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ +<!-- select no configuration at this time +--> + non selezionare alcuna configurazione in questo momento exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +<!-- # It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to # create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to # /var/mail/mail. +--> +# È una buona idea impostare questa per qualsiasi account utente si sceglie +# di creare. Lasciare il valore vuoto farà in modo che la posta per +# postmaster vada in /var/mail/mail. exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string +<!-- #### X Configuration. +--> +#### Configurazione di X. +<!-- # Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know # some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X # configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. +--> +# La preconfigurazione di X di Debian è possibile, ma probabilmente è +# necessario conoscere qualche dettaglio riguardo l'hardware video della +# macchina, poiché il configuratore di X di Debian non fa completamente la +# configurazione automatica di tutto. +<!-- # X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, # you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +--> +# X può rilevare il driver corretto per alcune schede, ma se si sta +# preconfigurando, si sovrascriverà qualsiasi cosa esso scelga. Nella +# maggioranza dei casi vesa funzionerà ancora. #xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa +<!-- # A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it # over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of # an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +--> +# Un avvertimento per il rilevamento automatico del mouse è che se questo +# fallisce, X lo proverà ancora e così via. Pertanto, se si è preconfigurato +# che debba essere fatto, c'è la possibilità di un ciclo infinito se il +# mouse non è rilevato automaticamente. #xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true +<!-- # Monitor autodetection is recommended. +--> +# Il rilevamento automatico del monitor è raccomandato. xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +<!-- # Uncomment if you have an LCD display. +--> +# Scommentare se si ha uno schermo LCD. #xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +<!-- # X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed # the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not # be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +--> +# X ha tre percorsi di configurazione per il monitor. Ecco come +# preconfigurare il percorso "medium", che è sempre disponibile. Il percorso +# "simple" potrebbe non essere disponibile e il percorso "advanced" pone +# troppe domande. xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ select medium xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz +<!-- #### Everything else. +--> +#### Tutto il resto. +<!-- # Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong # during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may # be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every # possible question that could be asked during an install, do an # installation, and then run these commands: +--> +# A seconda del software che si sceglie di installare, o se le cose vanno +# storte durante il processo di installazione, è possibile che altre domande +# possano essere poste. Si possono preconfigurare anche quelle, +# naturalmente. Per ottenere una lista di ogni possibile domanda che possa +# essere posta durante un'installazione, fare un'installazione, quindi +# eseguire questi comandi: # debconf-get-selections --installer > file # debconf-get-selections >> file +<!-- # If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one. # Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this # file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be # loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their # own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from # the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +--> +# Se si preferisce, si possono includere altri file di preconfigurazione +# dentro di questo. +# Qualsiasi impostazione in quei file sovrascriverà le preesistenti +# impostazioni di questo file. Più di un file può essere listato, separato +# da spazi; tutti saranno caricati. I file inclusi possono avere direttive +# di preconfigurazione/inclusione per conto proprio, a loro volta. Si noti +# che se i nomi dei file sono relativi, essi sono presi dalla stessa +# directory del file di preconfigurazione che li include. #d-i preseed/include string x.cfg +<!-- # More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of # preseed files, includes those files. For example, to switch configs based # on a particular usb storage device (in this case, a built-in card reader): +--> +# In modo più flessibile, questo esegue un commando shell e se questo +# restituisce in uscita i nomi di file di preconfigurazione, include quei +# file. Per esempio, per commutare le configurazioni in base a un +# particolare dispositivo di memorizzazione usb (in questo caso, un lettore +# di schede incorporato): #d-i preseed/include_command string \ # if $(grep -q "GUID: 0aec3050aec305000001a003" /proc/scsi/usb-storage-*/*); \ # then echo kraken.cfg; else echo otherusb.cfg; fi +<!-- # To check the format of your preseed file before performing an install, # you can use debconf-set-selections: +--> +# Per verificare il formato di un file di preconfigurazione prima di +# effettuare un'installazione, si può usare debconf-set-selections: # debconf-set-selections -c preseed.cfg </screen></informalexample> diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml index bc487cdf2..0c918ef89 100644 --- a/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml +++ b/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ <!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> -<!-- original version: 30379 --> +<!-- original version: 32424 --> - <sect1 id="example-preseed"> + <sect1 id="example-preseed" condition="sarge"> <!--<title>Preconfiguration File Example</title>--> <title>Esempio di file di preconfigurazione</title> <para> @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ carattere di commento ad alcune righe prima di usare il file. </para> -<note condition="sarge"><para> +<note><para> <!-- In order to be able to properly present this example in the manual, we've had @@ -49,18 +49,9 @@ Un file di esempio <quote>pulito</quote> è disponibile da </para></note> -<para condition="etch"> - -<!-- -The example file is also available from &urlset-example-preseed;. ---> - -Il file di esempio è disponibile anche da &urlset-example-preseed;. - -</para><para> +<para> &example-preseed-sarge.xml; -&example-preseed-etch.xml; </para> </sect1> diff --git a/it/appendix/preseed.xml b/it/appendix/preseed.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f576cfd26 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/preseed.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1003 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 32512 untranslated --> + +<!-- +Be carefull with the format of this file as it is parsed to generate +the example preseed file. +In that file all text between <informalexample> tags that have the +attribute 'role="example"' set is included, except if a 'condition' +attribute is in force that does not match the specified release or if an +'arch' attribute is in force that does not match the specified architecture. + +Currently only a single variant of the example file is generated (for i386). +--> + +<appendix id="appendix-preseed" condition="etch"> +<title>Automating the installation using preseeding</title> + +<para> + +This appendix explains the intricacies of preseeding answers to questions in +&d-i; to automate your installation. + +</para><para> + +The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an +example preseed file from &urlset-example-preseed;. + +</para> + + <sect1 id="preseed-intro"> + <title>Introduction</title> +<para> + +Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions without having to manually +enter the answers while the installation is running. This makes it possible to +fully automate most types of installation and even offers some features not +available during normal installations. + +</para><para> + +Using preseeding it is possible to fill in answers to questions asked during +both the first stage of the installation (before the reboot into the new +system) and the second stage. + +</para> + + <sect2 id="preseed-methods"> + <title>Preseeding methods</title> +<para> + +There are three methods that can be used for preseeding: +<firstterm>initrd</firstterm>, <firstterm>file</firstterm> and +<firstterm>network</firstterm>. Initrd preseeding will work with any +installation method and supports preseeding of more things, but it requires +the most preparation. File and network preseeding each can be used with +different installation methods. With file and network preseeding the first +few installer questions cannot be preseeded because the preseed configuration +file is only loaded after they have been asked. + +</para><para> + +The following table shows which preseeding methods can be used with which +installation methods. + +<informaltable> +<tgroup cols="4"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Installation method</entry><entry>initrd</entry> + <entry>file</entry><entry>network</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>CD/DVD</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> +</row><row> + <entry>netboot</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> +</row><row> + <entry>hd-media <phrase condition="bootable-usb">(including usb-stick)</phrase></entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> +</row><row condition="supports-floppy-boot"> + <entry>floppy based (cd-drivers)</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> +</row><row condition="supports-floppy-boot"> + <entry>floppy based (net-drivers)</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> +</row><row arch="s390"> + <entry>generic/tape</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> + <entry>no</entry> + <entry>yes</entry> +</row> +</tbody> + +</tgroup></informaltable> + +</para><para> + +An important difference between the preseeding methods is the point at which +the preseed configuration file is loaded and processed. For initrd preseeding +this is right at the start of the installation, before the first question is +even asked. For file preseeding this is after the CD or CD image has been +loaded. For network preseeding it is only after the network has been +configured. + +</para><para> + +In practical terms this means for file and network preseeding that the +questions about language, country and keyboard selection will already have +been asked. For network preseeding add to that any questions related to +network configuration. Some other questions that are only displayed +at medium or low priority (like the first hardware detection run) will +also already have been processed. + +</para><para> + +Obviously, any questions that have been processed before the +preseeding configuration file is loaded, cannot be preseeded. +<xref linkend="preseed-bootparms"/> offers a way to avoid these +questions being asked. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-limitations"> + <title>Limitations</title> +<para> + +Although most questions used by &d-i; can be preseeded using this method, +there are some notable exceptions. You must (re)partition an entire disk +or use available free space on a disk; it is not possible to use existing +partitions. You currently cannot use preseeding to set up RAID and LVM. + +</para> + </sect2> + +<!-- Joeyh feels this is too technical, so leave it out for now + <sect2 id="preseed-debconf"> + <title>Debconf basics</title> +<para> + +Preseeding makes use of the <classname>debconf</classname> framework. This +framework is the preferred mechanism used in Debian to interact with the user +when configuring packages and also forms the heart of &d-i;. +In the <classname>debconf</classname> framework questions or dialogs are +based on <firstterm>templates</firstterm>. There are different types of +templates for different types of questions. The actual questions are +<quote>generated</quote> from templates at runtime; multiple questions can +use the same template. + +</para><para> + +The following types of templates are relevant for preseeding. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + string: allows the user to type any value +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + password: similar to string but the value typed is not displayed +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + boolean: for yes/no or true/false type of questions +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + select: allows the user to select one option from a list +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + multiselect: allows the user to select zero, one or more options from a list +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + note: used to display a message +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +In &d-i; templates are stored in a readable file +<filename>/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat</filename>. This file contains all fixed +text and all translations. It can also contain a default value for the +template. The fixed text can include variables that will be replaced at +runtime. + +</para><para> + +Another readable file <filename>/var/cache/debconf/questions.dat</filename> +is used to store the values for variables and the answers given to questions. +A question always refers to the template used to ask it. For obvious +security reasons the values for templates of type <quote>password</quote> +are stored in a separate, non-readable file in the same directory. + +</para> + </sect2> +--> + + <sect2 id="preseed-hooks"> + <title>Running custom commands during the installation</title> +<para> + +A very powerfull and flexible option offered by the preseeding tools is the +ability to run commands or scripts at certain points in the installation. +See <xref linkend="preseed-shell"/> for details. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>preseed/early_command</userinput>: is run as soon as the the + preseeding configuration file has been loaded +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>preseed/late_command</userinput>: is run just before the reboot + at the end of the first stage of the installation, but before the + <filename>/target</filename> filesystem has been unmounted +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>base-config/early_command</userinput>: is run early in the second + stage of the installation when <command>base-config</command> is starting up +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>base-config/late_command</userinput>: is run at the end of + <command>base-config</command>, just before the login prompt +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-seenflag"> + <title>Using preseeding to change default values</title> +<para> + +It is possible to use preseeding to change the default answer for a +question, but still have the question asked. To do this the +<firstterm>seen</firstterm> flag must be reset to <quote>false</quote> after +setting the value for a template. + +</para> + +<informalexample><screen> +d-i foo/bar string value +d-i foo/bar seen false +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="preseed-using"> + <title>Using preseeding</title> +<para> + +Of course you will first need to create a preseed file and place it in the +location from where you want to use it. Creating the preseed file is covered +later in this appendix. Putting it in the correct location is fairly +straightforward for network preseeding or if you want to read the file off +a floppy or usb-stick. If you want to include the file on a CD or DVD, you +will have to remaster the ISO image. How to get the preseed file included +in the initrd is outside the scope of this document; please consult the +developers documentation for &d-i;. + +</para><para> + +An example preseed file that you can use as basis for your preseed file is +available from &urlset-example-preseed;. This file is based on the +configuration fragments included in this appendix. + +</para> + + <sect2 id="preseed-loading"> + <title>Loading the preseed file</title> +<para> + +If you are using initrd preseeding, you only have to make sure a file named +<filename>preseed.cfg</filename> is included in the root directory of the +initrd. The installer will automatically check if this file is present and +load it. + +</para><para> + +For the other preseeding methods you need to tell the installer what file to +use when you boot it. This is done by passing the kernel a boot parameter, +either manually at boot time or by editing the bootloader configuration file +(e.g. <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename>) and adding the parameter to the end +of the append line(s) for the kernel. + +</para><para> + +If you do specify the preseed file in the bootloader configuration, you might +change the configuration so you don't need to hit enter to boot the installer. +For syslinux this means setting the timeout to 1 in +<filename>syslinux.cfg</filename>. + +</para><para> + +To make sure the installer gets the right preseed file, you can optionally +specify a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a md5sum, and if +specified it must match the preseed file or the installer will refuse to use it. + +</para> + +<informalexample><screen> +Boot parameters to specify: +- if you're netbooting: + preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed.cfg + preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +- if you're booting a remastered CD: + preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg + preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +- if you're installing from USB media (put the preseed file in the + toplevel directory of the USB stick): + preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg + preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d +</screen></informalexample> + +<para> + +While you're at it, you may want to add a boot parameter +<userinput>debconf/priority=critical</userinput>. This will avoid most +questions even if the preseeding below misses some. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-bootparms"> + <title>Using boot parameters to supplement preseeding</title> +<para> + +Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using some forms +of preseeding because the questions are asked before the preseed file is +loaded. For example, if the preseed file is downloaded over the network, +the network setup must be done first. One reason to use initrd preseeding +is that it allows preseeding of even these early steps of the installation +process. + +</para><para> + +If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can +still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel +on the command line. Just pass <userinput>path/to/var=value</userinput> +for any of the preseed variables listed in the examples. + +</para> +<note><para> + +The 2.4 kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and +8 environment options (including any options added by default for the +installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any +excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. For kernel 2.6.9 and later, +you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. + +</para></note> +<para> + +For most installations some of the default options in your bootloader +configuration file, like 'vga=normal', may be safely removed which may +allow you to add more options for preseeding. + +</para> +<note><para> + +It may not always be possible to specify values with spaces for boot +parameters, even if you delimit them with quotes. + +</para></note> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 condition="FIXME" id="preseed-creating"> + <title>Creating a preseed file</title> +<para> + +The preconfiguration file is in the format used by the +<command>debconf-set-selections</command> command. + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + File format +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Only single space allowed between template type and value +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Relation with /var/lib/(c)debconf/templates +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Types of templates and how to provide values for them +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Most values need to be in English or codes +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Using a manual installation as base +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + Finding other possible values +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +To check if the format of your preseed file is valid before performing an +install, you can use the command <command>debconf-set-selections -c +<replaceable>preseed.cfg</replaceable></command>. + +</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="preseed-stage1"> + <title>Preseeding the first stage of the installation</title> +<para> + +The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an +example preseed file from &urlset-example-preseed;. + +</para><para> + +Note that this example is based on an installation for the Intel x86 +architecture. If you are installing a different architecture, some of the +examples (like keyboard selection and bootloader installation) may not be +relevant and will need to be replaced by debconf settings appropriate for your +architecture. + +</para> + + <sect2 id="preseed-l10n"> + <title>Localization</title> +<para> + +Setting localization values will only work if you are using initrd preseeding. +With all other methods the preseed file will only be loaded after these +questions have been asked. + +</para><para> + +The locale can be used to specify both language and country. +To specify the locale as a boot parameter, use +<userinput>debian-installer/locale=<replaceable>en_US</replaceable></userinput>. + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Locale sets language and country. +d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Keyboard configuration consists of selecting a keyboard architecture and a +keymap. In most cases the correct keyboard architecture is selected by +default, so there's normally no need to preseed it. The keymap must +be valid for the selected keyboard architecture. + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Keyboard selection. +#d-i console-tools/archs select at +d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us +# Example for a different keyboard architecture +#d-i console-keymaps-usb/keymap select mac-usb-us +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +To skip keyboard configuration preseed +<classname>console-tools/archs</classname> with +<userinput>skip-config</userinput>. +This will result in the kernel keymap remaining active. + +</para> + +<note><para> + +The changes in the input layer for 2.6 kernels have made the keyboard +architecture virtually obsolete. For 2.6 kernels normally a <quote>PC</quote> +(<userinput>at</userinput>) keymap should be selected. + +</para></note> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-network"> + <title>Network configuration</title> +<para> + +Of course, preseeding the network configuration won't work if you're +loading your preseed file from the network. But it's great when you're +booting from CD or USB stick. If you are loading preseed files from +the network, you can pass network config parameters in using kernel +boot parameters. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it +# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto + +# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for +# it, this might be useful. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 + +# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true +#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 +#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 +#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true + +# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over +# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions +# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp. +d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname +d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain + +# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-mirror"> + <title>Mirror settings</title> +<para> + +Depending on the installation method you use, a mirror may used both to +download additional components of the installer, the base system and to +set up the <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> for the installed +system. + +</para><para> + +The parameter <classname>mirror/suite</classname> determines the suite for +the installed system. + +</para><para> + +The parameter <classname>mirror/udeb/suite</classname> determines the suite +for additional components for the installer. It is only useful to set this +if components are actually downloaded over the network and should match the +suite that was used to build the initrd for the installation method used for +the installation. +By default the value for <classname>mirror/udeb/suite</classname> is the same +as <classname>mirror/suite</classname>. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org +d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian +d-i mirror/http/proxy string + +# Suite to install. +#d-i mirror/suite string testing +# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional). +#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-partman"> + <title>Partitioning</title> +<para> + +Using preseeding to partition the harddisk is very much limited to what is +supported by <classname>partman-auto</classname>. You can choose to either +partition existing free space on a disk or a whole disk. The layout of the +disk can be determined by using a predefined recipe, a custom recipe from +a recipe file or a recipe included in the preseed file. It is currently not +possible to partition multiple disks using preseeding nor to set up RAID or +LVM. + +</para> + +<warning><para> + +The identification of disks is dependent on the order in which their drivers +are loaded. If there are multiple disks in the system, make very sure the +correct one will be selected before using preseeding. + +</para></warning> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ +# select Use the largest continuous free space + +# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can +# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. +# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc + +# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ + select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ +# select Separate /home partition +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ +# select Separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions + +# Or provide a recipe of your own... +# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can +# just point at it. +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe + +# If not, you can put an entire recipe the preseed file in one (logical) +# line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and +# uses the rest of the space for the root partition: +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ +# boot-root :: \ +# 40 50 100 ext3 \ +# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ /boot } \ +# . \ +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ / } \ +# . \ +# 64 512 300% linux-swap \ +# method{ swap } format{ } \ +# . + +# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true +d-i partman/choose_partition \ + select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +d-i partman/confirm boolean true +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-time"> + <title>Clock and time zone setup</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. +d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true + +# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of +# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values. +d-i time/zone string US/Eastern +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-apt"> + <title>Apt setup</title> +<para> + +Setup of the <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and basic configuration +options is fully automated based on your installation method and answers to +earlier questions. Only the two variables below are relevant for preseeding. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +#d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true +#d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-account"> + <title>Account setup</title> +<para> + +The password for the root account and name and password for a first regular +user's account can be preseeded. For the passwords you can use either clear +text values or MD5 <emphasis>hashes</emphasis>. + +</para> +<warning><para> + +Be aware that preseeding passwords is not completely secure as everyone +with access to the preseed file will have the knowledge of these passwords. +Using MD5 hashes is considered slightly better in terms of security but it +might also give a false sense of security as access to a MD5 hash allows +for brute force attacks. + +</para></warning> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Root password, either in clear text +#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme +#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme +# or encrypted using an MD5 hash. +#passwd passwd/root-password-crypted password [MD5 hash] + +# Skip creation of a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false + +# Alternatively, create a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User +#passwd passwd/username string debian +# Normal user's password, either in clear text +#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure +#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure +# or encrypted using an MD5 hash. +#passwd passwd/user-password-crypted password [MD5 hash] +</screen></informalexample> + +<para> + +The <classname>passwd/root-password-crypted</classname> and +<classname>passwd/user-password-crypted</classname> variables can also be +preseeded with <quote>!</quote> as their value. In that case, the corresponding +account is disabled. This may be convenient for the root account, provided +of course that an alternate method is setup to allow administrative +activities or root login (for instance by using SSH key authentication or +sudo). + +</para><para> + +An MD5 hash for a password can be generated using the following command. + +<informalexample><screen> +$ echo "r00tme" | mkpasswd -s -H MD5 +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-bootloader"> + <title>Boot loader installation</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed +# instead, uncomment this: +#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true + +# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR +# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true + +# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS +# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true + +# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, +# uncomment and edit these lines: +#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) +#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false +#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-finish"> + <title>Finishing up the first stage install</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note + +# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot, +# which is useful in some situations. +#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="preseed-stage2"> + <title>Preseeding the second stage of the installation</title> + + <sect2 id="preseed-baseconfig"> + <title>Base config</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Avoid the introductory message. +base-config base-config/intro note + +# Avoid the final message. +base-config base-config/login note + +# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately +# after base-config finishes. +#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false + +# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. +# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project +# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. +#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-tasksel"> + <title>Package selection</title> +<para> + +You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. +Available tasks as of this writing include: + +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Standard system</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Desktop environment</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Web server</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Print server</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>DNS server</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>File server</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Mail server</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>SQL database</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>Laptop</userinput> +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + <userinput>manual package selection</userinput> +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> + +The last of these will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no tasks, +and force the installation of a set of packages in some other way. We recommend +always including the <userinput>Standard system</userinput> task. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Standard system, Desktop environment +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Standard system, Web server +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-mailer"> + <title>Mailer configuration</title> +<para> + +During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to +avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ + select no configuration at this time +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-X"> + <title>X configuration</title> +<para> + +Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know +some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X +configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. + +</para> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, +# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa + +# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it +# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of +# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true + +# Monitor autodetection is recommended. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +# Uncomment if you have an LCD display. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed +# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not +# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ + select medium +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ + select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-other"> + <title>Preseeding other packages</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong +# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may +# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every +# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an +# installation, and then run these commands: +# debconf-get-selections --installer > file +# debconf-get-selections >> file +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="preseed-advanced"> + <title>Advanced options</title> + + <sect2 id="preseed-shell"> + <title>Shell commands</title> + +<informalexample role="example"><screen> +# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks +# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a +# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted +# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's +# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, +# automatically. + +# This first command is run as early as possible, just after +# preseeding is read. +#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb + +# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is +# still a usable /target directory. +#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar + +# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom + +# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: +# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to +# tweak the configuration of the system. +#base-config base-config/late_command \ +# string apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="preseed-chainload"> + <title>Chainloading preseed files</title> +<para> + +It is possible to include other preseed files from a preseed file. Any +settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from files +loaded earlier. This makes it possible to put, for example, general +networking settings for your location in one file and more specific +settings for certain configurations in other files. + +</para> + +<informalexample><screen> +# More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be +# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their +# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from +# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg + +# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preseed files before +# using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums +# in the same order as the list of files to include. +#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of +# preseed files, includes those files. +#d-i preseed/include_command \ +# string echo if [ "`hostname`" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi +</screen></informalexample> + + </sect2> + </sect1> +</appendix> |