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*terminal.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Jul 30
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Terminal window support *terminal*
WARNING: THIS IS ONLY PARTLY IMPLEMENTED, ANYTHING CAN STILL CHANGE
The terminal feature is optional, use this to check if your Vim has it: >
echo has('terminal')
If the result is "1" you have it.
1. Basic use |terminal-use|
2. Remote testing |terminal-testing|
3. Debugging |terminal-debug|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
==============================================================================
1. Basic use *terminal-use*
This feature is for running a terminal emulator in a Vim window. A job can be
started connected to the terminal emulator. For example, to run a shell: >
:term bash
Or to run a debugger: >
:term gdb vim
The job runs asynchronously from Vim, the window will be updated to show
output from the job, also while editing in any other window.
Typing ~
When the keyboard focus is in the terminal window, typed keys will be send to
the job. This uses a pty when possible. You can click outside of the
terminal window to move keyboard focus elsewhere.
CTRL-W can be used to navigate between windows and other CTRL-W commands, e.g.:
CTRL-W CTRL-W move focus to the next window
CTRL-W : enter an Ex command
See |CTRL-W| for more commands.
Special in the terminal window: *CTRL-W_.* *CTRL-W_N*
CTRL-W . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal
CTRL-W N go to Terminal Normal mode, see |Terminal-mode|
See option 'termkey' for specifying another key instead of CTRL-W that
will work like CTRL-W. However, typing 'termkey' twice sends 'termkey' to
the job. For example:
'termkey' CTRL-W move focus to the next window
'termkey' : enter an Ex command
'termkey' 'termkey' send 'termkey' to the job in the terminal
'termkey' . send a CTRL-W to the job in the terminal
'termkey' N go to terminal Normal mode, see below
'termkey' CTRL-N same as CTRL-W N
Size ~
See option 'termsize' for controlling the size of the terminal window.
(TODO: scrolling when the terminal is larger than the window)
Syntax ~
:ter[minal] [command] *:ter* *:terminal*
Open a new terminal window.
If [command] is provided run it as a job and connect
the input and output to the terminal.
If [command] is not given the 'shell' option is used.
A new buffer will be created, using [command] or
'shell' as the name. If a buffer by this name already
exists a number is added in parenthesis.
E.g. if "gdb" exists the second terminal buffer will
use "gdb (1)".
The window can be closed, in which case the buffer
becomes hidden. The command will not be stopped. The
`:buffer` command can be used to turn the current
window into a terminal window, using the existing
buffer. If there are unsaved changes this fails, use
! to force, as usual.
When the buffer associated with the terminal is wiped out the job is killed,
similar to calling `job_stop(job, "kill")`
Resizing ~
The size of the terminal can be in one of three modes:
1. The 'termsize' option is empty: The terminal size follows the window size.
The minimal size is 2 screen lines with 10 cells.
2. The 'termsize' option is "rows*cols", where "rows" is the minimal number of
screen rows and "cols" is the minimal number of cells.
3. The 'termsize' option is "rowsXcols" (where the x is upper or lower case).
The terminal size is fixed to the specified number of screen lines and
cells. If the window is bigger there will be unused empty space.
If the window is smaller than the terminal size, only part of the terminal can
be seen (the lower-left part).
The |term_getsize()| function can be used to get the current size of the
terminal. |term_setsize()| can be used only when in the first or second mode,
not when 'termsize' is "rowsXcols".
Terminal Normal mode ~
*Terminal-mode*
When the job is running the contents of the terminal is under control of the
job. That includes the cursor position. The terminal contents can change at
any time.
Use CTRL-W N (or 'termkey' N) to go to Terminal Normal mode. Now the contents
of the terminal window is under control of Vim, the job output is suspended.
*E946*
In this mode you can move the cursor around with the usual Vim commands,
Visually mark text, yank text, etc. But you cannot change the contents of the
buffer. The commands that would start insert mode, such as 'i' and 'a',
return control of the window to the job. Any pending output will now be
displayed.
In Terminal mode the statusline and window title show "(Terminal)". If the
job ends while in Terminal mode this changes to "(Terminal-finished)".
Unix ~
On Unix a pty is used to make it possible to run all kinds of commands. You
can even run Vim in the terminal! That's used for debugging, see below.
MS-Windows ~
On MS-Windows winpty is used to make it possible to run all kind of commands.
Obviously, they must be commands that run in a terminal, not open their own
window.
You need the following two files from winpty:
winpty.dll
winpty-agent.exe
You can download them from the following page:
https://github.com/rprichard/winpty
Just put the files somewhere in your PATH.
==============================================================================
2. Remote testing *terminal-testing*
Most Vim tests execute a script inside Vim. For some tests this does not
work, running the test interferes with the code being tested. To avoid this
Vim is executed in a terminal window. The test sends keystrokes to it and
inspects the resulting screen state.
Functions ~
term_sendkeys() send keystrokes to a terminal
term_wait() wait for screen to be updated
term_scrape() inspect terminal screen
==============================================================================
3. Debugging *terminal-debug*
The Terminal debugging plugin can be used to debug a program with gdb and view
the source code in a Vim window. For example: >
:TermDebug vim
This opens three windows:
- A terminal window in which "gdb vim" is executed. Here you can directly
interact with gdb.
- A terminal window for the executed program. When "run" is used in gdb the
program I/O will happen in this window, so that it does not interfere with
controlling gdb.
- A normal Vim window used to show the source code. When gdb jumps to a
source file location this window will display the code, if possible. Values
of variables can be inspected, breakpoints set and cleared, etc.
This uses two terminal windows. To open the gdb window: >
:term gdb [arguments]
To open the terminal to run the tested program |term_open()| is used.
TODO
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
