1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
|
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-01-29 10:50+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:5
#, no-c-format
msgid "Next Steps and Where to Go From Here"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:13
#, no-c-format
msgid "Shutting down the system"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:15
#, no-c-format
msgid "To shut down a running &debian-gnu; system, you must not reboot with the reset switch on the front or back of your computer, or just turn off the computer. &debian-gnu; should be shut down in a controlled manner, otherwise files might get lost and/or disk damage might occur. If you run a desktop environment, there is usually an option to <quote>log out</quote> available from the application menu that allows you to shutdown (or reboot) the system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:25
#, no-c-format
msgid "Alternatively you can press the key combination <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Del</keycap> </keycombo> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\"> or <keycombo> <keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Shift</keycap> <keycap>Power</keycap> </keycombo> on Macintosh systems</phrase>. A last option is to log in as root and type one of the commands <command>poweroff</command>, <command>halt</command> or <command>shutdown -h now</command> if either of the key combinations do not work or you prefer to type commands; use <command>reboot</command> to reboot the system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:46
#, no-c-format
msgid "If You Are New to Unix"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:47
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and do some reading. A lot of valuable information can also be found in the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-reference;\">Debian Reference</ulink>. This <ulink url=\"&url-unix-faq;\">list of Unix FAQs</ulink> contains a number of UseNet documents which provide a nice historical reference."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:55
#, no-c-format
msgid "Linux is an implementation of Unix. The <ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink> collects a number of HOWTOs and online books relating to Linux. Most of these documents can be installed locally; just install the <classname>doc-linux-html</classname> package (HTML versions) or the <classname>doc-linux-text</classname> package (ASCII versions), then look in <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename>. International versions of the LDP HOWTOs are also available as &debian; packages."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:76
#, no-c-format
msgid "Orienting Yourself to &debian;"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:77
#, no-c-format
msgid "&debian; is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you should know about &debian; to help you to keep your system in a good, clean state. This chapter contains material to help you get oriented; it is not intended to be a tutorial for how to use &debian;, but just a very brief glimpse of the system for the very rushed."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:88
#, no-c-format
msgid "&debian; Packaging System"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:89
#, no-c-format
msgid "The most important concept to grasp is the &debian; packaging system. In essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make <filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</command>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:130
#, no-c-format
msgid "One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line version <command>apt-get</command> or full-screen text version <application>aptitude</application>. Note apt will also let you merge main, contrib, and non-free so you can have export-restricted packages as well as standard versions."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:141
#, no-c-format
msgid "Additional Software Available for &debian;"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:142
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are official and unofficial software repositories that are not enabled in the default &debian; install. These contain software which many find important and expect to have. Information on these additional repositories can be found on the &debian; Wiki page titled <ulink url=\"&url-debian-wiki-software;\">The Software Available for &debian;'s Stable Release</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:154
#, no-c-format
msgid "Application Version Management"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:155
#, no-c-format
msgid "Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-alternatives man page."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:165
#, no-c-format
msgid "Cron Job Management"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:166
#, no-c-format
msgid "Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in <filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes them."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:175
#, no-c-format
msgid "On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that allows you to stipulate the user account under which the cron job runs."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:184
#, no-c-format
msgid "In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:199
#, no-c-format
msgid "Further Reading and Information"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:200
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you need information about a particular program, you should first try <userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or <userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:206
#, no-c-format
msgid "There is lots of useful documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> as well. In particular, <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename> and <filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</filename> contain lots of interesting information. To submit bugs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</filename>. To read about &debian;-specific issues for particular programs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:217
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian web site</ulink> contains a large quantity of documentation about &debian;. In particular, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> and the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference\">Debian Reference</ulink>. An index of more &debian; documentation is available from the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian Documentation Project</ulink>. The &debian; community is self-supporting; to subscribe to one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</ulink> page. Last, but not least, the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> contain a wealth of information on &debian;."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:235
#, no-c-format
msgid "A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp.org/\">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There you will find the HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/Linux system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:251
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Up Your System To Use E-Mail"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:252
#, no-c-format
msgid "Today, email is an important part of many people's life. As there are many options as to how to set it up, and as having it set up correctly is important for some &debian; utilities, we will try to cover the basics in this section."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:259
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are three main functions that make up an e-mail system. First there is the <firstterm>Mail User Agent</firstterm> (MUA) which is the program a user actually uses to compose and read mails. Then there is the <firstterm>Mail Transfer Agent</firstterm> (MTA) that takes care of transferring messages from one computer to another. And last there is the <firstterm>Mail Delivery Agent</firstterm> (MDA) that takes care of delivering incoming mail to the user's inbox."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:269
#, no-c-format
msgid "These three functions can be performed by separate programs, but they can also be combined in one or two programs. It is also possible to have different programs handle these functions for different types of mail."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:275
#, no-c-format
msgid "On Linux and Unix systems <command>mutt</command> is historically a very popular MUA. Like most traditional Linux programs it is text based. It is often used in combination with <command>exim</command> or <command>sendmail</command> as MTA and <command>procmail</command> as MDA."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:282
#, no-c-format
msgid "With the increasing popularity of graphical desktop systems, the use of graphical e-mail programs like GNOME's <command>evolution</command>, KDE's <command>kmail</command> or Mozilla's <command>thunderbird</command> (in &debian; available as <command>icedove</command><footnote> <para> The reason that <command>thunderbird</command> has been renamed to <command>icedove</command> in &debian; has to do with licensing issues. Details are outside the scope of this manual. </para> </footnote>) is becoming more popular. These programs combine the function of a MUA, MTA and MDA, but can — and often are — also be used in combination with the traditional Linux tools."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:302
#, no-c-format
msgid "Default E-Mail Configuration"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:303
#, no-c-format
msgid "Even if you are planning to use a graphical mail program, it is important that a traditional MTA/MDA is also installed and correctly set up on your &debian-gnu; system. Reason is that various utilities running on the system<footnote> <para> Examples are: <command>cron</command>, <command>quota</command>, <command>logcheck</command>, <command>aide</command>, … </para> </footnote> can send important notices by e-mail to inform the system administrator of (potential) problems or changes."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:318
#, no-c-format
msgid "For this reason the packages <classname>exim4</classname> and <classname>mutt</classname> will be installed by default (provided you did not unselect the <quote>standard</quote> task during the installation). <classname>exim4</classname> is a combination MTA/MDA that is relatively small but very flexible. By default it will be configured to only handle e-mail local to the system itself and e-mails addressed to the system administrator (root account) will be delivered to the regular user account created during the installation<footnote> <para> The forwarding of mail for root to the regular user account is configured in <filename>/etc/aliases</filename>. If no regular user account was created, the mail will of course be delivered to the root account itself. </para> </footnote>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:337
#, no-c-format
msgid "When system e-mails are delivered they are added to a file in <filename>/var/mail/<replaceable>account_name</replaceable></filename>. The e-mails can be read using <command>mutt</command>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:347
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sending E-Mails Outside The System"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:348
#, no-c-format
msgid "As mentioned earlier, the installed &debian; system is only set up to handle e-mail local to the system, not for sending mail to others nor for receiving mail from others."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:354
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you would like <classname>exim4</classname> to handle external e-mail, please refer to the next subsection for the basic available configuration options. Make sure to test that mail can be sent and received correctly."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:360
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you intend to use a graphical mail program and use a mail server of your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or your company, there is not really any need to configure <classname>exim4</classname> for handling external e-mail. Just configure your favorite graphical mail program to use the correct servers to send and receive e-mail (how is outside the scope of this manual)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:369
#, no-c-format
msgid "However, in that case you may need to configure individual utilities to correctly send e-mails. One such utility is <command>reportbug</command>, a program that facilitates submitting bug reports against &debian; packages. By default it expects to be able to use <classname>exim4</classname> to submit bug reports."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:377
#, no-c-format
msgid "To correctly set up <command>reportbug</command> to use an external mail server, please run the command <command>reportbug --configure</command> and answer <quote>no</quote> to the question if an MTA is available. You will then be asked for the SMTP server to be used for submitting bug reports."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:388
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Exim4 Mail Transport Agent"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:389
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you would like your system to also handle external e-mail, you will need to reconfigure the <classname>exim4</classname> package<footnote> <para> You can of course also remove <classname>exim4</classname> and replace it with an alternative MTA/MDA. </para> </footnote>:"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: screen
#: post-install.xml:401
#, no-c-format
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:403
#, no-c-format
msgid "After entering that command (as root), you will be asked if you want split the configuration into small files. If you are unsure, select the default option."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:409
#, no-c-format
msgid "Next you will be presented with several common mail scenarios. Choose the one that most closely resembles your needs."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:418
#, no-c-format
msgid "internet site"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:419
#, no-c-format
msgid "Your system is connected to a network and your mail is sent and received directly using SMTP. On the following screens you will be asked a few basic questions, like your machine's mail name, or a list of domains for which you accept or relay mail."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:430
#, no-c-format
msgid "mail sent by smarthost"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:431
#, no-c-format
msgid "In this scenario your outgoing mail is forwarded to another machine, called a <quote>smarthost</quote>, which takes care of sending the message on to its destination. The smarthost also usually stores incoming mail addressed to your computer, so you don't need to be permanently online. That also means you have to download your mail from the smarthost via programs like fetchmail."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:441
#, no-c-format
msgid "In a lot of cases the smarthost will be your ISP's mail server, which makes this option very suitable for dial-up users. It can also be a company mail server, or even another system on your own network."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:451
#, no-c-format
msgid "mail sent by smarthost; no local mail"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:452
#, no-c-format
msgid "This option is basically the same as the previous one except that the system will not be set up to handle mail for a local e-mail domain. Mail on the system itself (e.g. for the system administrator) will still be handled."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:463
#, no-c-format
msgid "local delivery only"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:464
#, no-c-format
msgid "This is the option your system is configured for by default."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:472
#, no-c-format
msgid "no configuration at this time"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:473
#, no-c-format
msgid "Choose this if you are absolutely convinced you know what you are doing. This will leave you with an unconfigured mail system — until you configure it, you won't be able to send or receive any mail and you may miss some important messages from your system utilities."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:484
#, no-c-format
msgid "If none of these scenarios suits your needs, or if you need a finer grained setup, you will need to edit configuration files under the <filename>/etc/exim4</filename> directory after the installation is complete. More information about <classname>exim4</classname> may be found under <filename>/usr/share/doc/exim4</filename>; the file <filename>README.Debian.gz</filename> has further details about configuring <classname>exim4</classname> and explains where to find additional documentation."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:495
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that sending mail directly to the Internet when you don't have an official domain name, can result in your mail being rejected because of anti-spam measures on receiving servers. Using your ISP's mail server is preferred. If you still do want to send out mail directly, you may want to use a different e-mail address than is generated by default. If you use <classname>exim4</classname> as your MTA, this is possible by adding an entry in <filename>/etc/email-addresses</filename>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:513
#, no-c-format
msgid "Compiling a New Kernel"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:514
#, no-c-format
msgid "Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is often not necessary since the default kernel shipped with &debian; handles most configurations. Also, &debian; often offers several alternative kernels. So you may want to check first if there is an alternative kernel image package that better corresponds to your hardware. However, it can be useful to compile a new kernel in order to:"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:524
#, no-c-format
msgid "handle special hardware needs, or hardware conflicts with the pre-supplied kernels"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:530
#, no-c-format
msgid "use options of the kernel which are not supported in the pre-supplied kernels (such as high memory support)"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:536
#, no-c-format
msgid "optimize the kernel by removing useless drivers to speed up boot time"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:541
#, no-c-format
msgid "create a monolithic instead of a modularized kernel"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:546
#, no-c-format
msgid "run an updated or development kernel"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:551
#, no-c-format
msgid "learn more about linux kernels"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:560
#, no-c-format
msgid "Kernel Image Management"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:561
#, no-c-format
msgid "Don't be afraid to try compiling the kernel. It's fun and profitable."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:565
#, no-c-format
msgid "To compile a kernel the &debian; way, you need some packages: <classname>fakeroot</classname>, <classname>kernel-package</classname>, <classname>linux-source-2.6</classname> and a few others which are probably already installed (see <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</filename> for the complete list)."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:574
#, no-c-format
msgid "This method will make a .deb of your kernel source, and, if you have non-standard modules, make a synchronized dependent .deb of those too. It's a better way to manage kernel images; <filename>/boot</filename> will hold the kernel, the System.map, and a log of the active config file for the build."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:582
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that you don't <emphasis>have</emphasis> to compile your kernel the <quote>&debian; way</quote>; but we find that using the packaging system to manage your kernel is actually safer and easier. In fact, you can get your kernel sources right from Linus instead of <classname>linux-source-2.6</classname>, yet still use the <classname>kernel-package</classname> compilation method."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:591
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that you'll find complete documentation on using <classname>kernel-package</classname> under <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>. This section just contains a brief tutorial."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:598
#, no-c-format
msgid "Hereafter, we'll assume you have free rein over your machine and will extract your kernel source to somewhere in your home directory<footnote> <para> There are other locations where you can extract kernel sources and build your custom kernel, but this is easiest as it does not require special permissions. </para> </footnote>. We'll also assume that your kernel version is &kernelversion;. Make sure you are in the directory to where you want to unpack the kernel sources, extract them using <userinput>tar xjf /usr/src/linux-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2</userinput> and change to the directory <filename>linux-source-&kernelversion;</filename> that will have been created."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:618
#, no-c-format
msgid "Now, you can configure your kernel. Run <userinput>make xconfig</userinput> if X11 is installed, configured and being run; run <userinput>make menuconfig</userinput> otherwise (you'll need <classname>libncurses5-dev</classname> installed). Take the time to read the online help and choose carefully. When in doubt, it is typically better to include the device driver (the software which manages hardware peripherals, such as Ethernet cards, SCSI controllers, and so on) you are unsure about. Be careful: other options, not related to a specific hardware, should be left at the default value if you do not understand them. Do not forget to select <quote>Kernel module loader</quote> in <quote>Loadable module support</quote> (it is not selected by default). If not included, your &debian; installation will experience problems."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:633
#, no-c-format
msgid "Clean the source tree and reset the <classname>kernel-package</classname> parameters. To do that, do <userinput>make-kpkg clean</userinput>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:638
#, no-c-format
msgid "Now, compile the kernel: <userinput>fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --revision=custom.1.0 kernel_image</userinput>. The version number of <quote>1.0</quote> can be changed at will; this is just a version number that you will use to track your kernel builds. Likewise, you can put any word you like in place of <quote>custom</quote> (e.g., a host name). Kernel compilation may take quite a while, depending on the power of your machine."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:648
#, no-c-format
msgid "Once the compilation is complete, you can install your custom kernel like any package. As root, do <userinput>dpkg -i ../&kernelpackage;-&kernelversion;-<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb</userinput>. The <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable> part is an optional sub-architecture, <phrase arch=\"i386\"> such as <quote>686</quote>, </phrase> depending on what kernel options you set. <userinput>dpkg -i</userinput> will install the kernel, along with some other nice supporting files. For instance, the <filename>System.map</filename> will be properly installed (helpful for debugging kernel problems), and <filename>/boot/config-&kernelversion;</filename> will be installed, containing your current configuration set. Your new kernel package is also clever enough to automatically update your boot loader to use the new kernel. If you have created a modules package, you'll need to install that package as well."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:668
#, no-c-format
msgid "It is time to reboot the system: read carefully any warning that the above step may have produced, then <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:673
#, no-c-format
msgid "For more information on &debian; kernels and kernel compilation, see the <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-handbook;\">Debian Linux Kernel Handbook</ulink>. For more information on <classname>kernel-package</classname>, read the fine documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:689
#, no-c-format
msgid "Recovering a Broken System"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:690
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in <filename>/sbin/init</filename>. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to have a system to work from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful for this."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:700
#, no-c-format
msgid "To access rescue mode, type <userinput>rescue</userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, or boot with the <userinput>rescue/enable=true</userinput> boot parameter. You'll be shown the first few screens of the installer, with a note in the corner of the display to indicate that this is rescue mode, not a full installation. Don't worry, your system is not about to be overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes advantage of the hardware detection facilities available in the installer to ensure that your disks, network devices, and so on are available to you while repairing your system."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:715
#, no-c-format
msgid "Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, you should select the partition containing the root file system that you need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as those created directly on disks."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:723
#, no-c-format
msgid "If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary repairs. <phrase arch=\"any-x86\"> For example, if you need to reinstall the GRUB boot loader into the master boot record of the first hard disk, you could enter the command <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput> to do so. </phrase>"
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:735
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you selected will be mounted on the <filename>/target</filename> directory."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:744
#, no-c-format
msgid "In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot."
msgstr ""
#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:748
#, no-c-format
msgid "Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert."
msgstr ""
|