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diff --git a/po/nb/post-install.po b/po/nb/post-install.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..021c97032 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/nb/post-install.po @@ -0,0 +1,680 @@ +# Debian installation guide - translation into Norwegian Bokmål +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: post-install_nb\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-08-31 08:32+0100\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: nb_NO\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:5 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Next Steps and Where to Go From Here" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:13 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Shutting down the system" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:15 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To shut down a running &debian-gnu; system, you must not reboot with the " +"reset switch on the front or back of your computer, or just turn off the " +"computer. &debian-gnu; should be shut down in a controlled manner, otherwise " +"files might get lost and/or disk damage might occur. If you run a desktop " +"environment, there is usually an option to <quote>log out</quote> available " +"from the application menu that allows you to shutdown (or reboot) the system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:25 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Alternatively you can press the key combination <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</" +"keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Del</keycap> </keycombo> <phrase arch=" +"\"powerpc\"> or <keycombo> <keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Shift</keycap> " +"<keycap>Power</keycap> </keycombo> on Macintosh systems</phrase>. If the key " +"combinations do not work, a last option is to log in as root and type the " +"necessary commands. Use <command>reboot</command> to reboot the system. Use " +"<command>halt</command> to halt the system without powering it off " +"<footnote> <para> Under the SysV init system <command>halt</command> had the " +"same effect as <command>poweroff</command>, but with systemd as init system " +"(the default since jessie) their effects are different. </para> </footnote>. " +"To power off the machine, use <command>poweroff</command> or " +"<command>shutdown -h now</command>. The systemd init system provides " +"additional commands that perform the same functions; for example " +"<command>systemctl reboot</command> or <command>systemctl poweroff</command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:60 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Orienting Yourself to &debian;" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:61 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"&debian; is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're " +"familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you should know " +"about &debian; to help you to keep your system in a good, clean state. This " +"chapter contains material to help you get oriented; it is not intended to be " +"a tutorial for how to use &debian;, but just a very brief glimpse of the " +"system for the very rushed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:72 +#, no-c-format +msgid "&debian; Packaging System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:73 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The most important concept to grasp is the &debian; packaging system. In " +"essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control " +"of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> " +"<filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </" +"para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make " +"<filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> " +"<listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> " +"<listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> " +"<listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </" +"itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</" +"filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</" +"classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get " +"around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</" +"command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:114 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line " +"version of <command>apt</command> as well as tools like " +"<application>aptitude</application> or <application>synaptic</application> " +"(which are just graphical frontends for <command>apt</command>). Note that " +"apt will also let you merge main, contrib, and non-free so you can have " +"restricted packages (strictly speaking not belonging to &debian;) as well as " +"packages from &debian-gnu; at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:128 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Additional Software Available for &debian;" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:129 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There are official and unofficial software repositories that are not enabled " +"in the default &debian; install. These contain software which many find " +"important and expect to have. Information on these additional repositories " +"can be found on the &debian; Wiki page titled <ulink url=\"&url-debian-wiki-" +"software;\">The Software Available for &debian;'s Stable Release</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:141 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Application Version Management" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:142 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If " +"you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-" +"alternatives man page." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:152 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Cron Job Management" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:153 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in " +"<filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a " +"root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/" +"cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/" +"etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes " +"them." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:162 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special " +"user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either " +"<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/" +"whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that " +"allows you to stipulate the user account under which the cron job runs." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:171 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them " +"automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more " +"information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/" +"README.Debian</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:186 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Further Reading and Information" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:187 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian web site</ulink> contains a " +"large quantity of documentation about &debian;. In particular, see the " +"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> " +"and the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference" +"\">Debian Reference</ulink>. An index of more &debian; documentation is " +"available from the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian " +"Documentation Project</ulink>. The &debian; community is self-supporting; to " +"subscribe to one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</" +"ulink> page. Last, but not least, the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/" +"\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> contain a wealth of information on " +"&debian;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:205 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you need information about a particular program, you should first try " +"<userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or " +"<userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:211 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There is lots of useful documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> " +"as well. In particular, <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename> and " +"<filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</filename> contain lots of interesting " +"information. To submit bugs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</" +"filename>. To read about &debian;-specific issues for particular programs, " +"look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:222 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the <ulink url=\"http://www." +"tldp.org/\">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There you will find the " +"HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/" +"Linux system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:229 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Linux is an implementation of Unix. The <ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux " +"Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink> collects a number of HOWTOs and online " +"books relating to Linux." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:236 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and do " +"some reading. This <ulink url=\"&url-unix-faq;\">list of Unix FAQs</ulink> " +"contains a number of UseNet documents which provide a nice historical " +"reference." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:251 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting Up Your System To Use E-Mail" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:252 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Today, email is an important part of many people's life. As there are many " +"options as to how to set it up, and as having it set up correctly is " +"important for some &debian; utilities, we will try to cover the basics in " +"this section." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:259 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There are three main functions that make up an e-mail system. First there is " +"the <firstterm>Mail User Agent</firstterm> (MUA) which is the program a user " +"actually uses to compose and read mails. Then there is the <firstterm>Mail " +"Transfer Agent</firstterm> (MTA) that takes care of transferring messages " +"from one computer to another. And last there is the <firstterm>Mail Delivery " +"Agent</firstterm> (MDA) that takes care of delivering incoming mail to the " +"user's inbox." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:269 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"These three functions can be performed by separate programs, but they can " +"also be combined in one or two programs. It is also possible to have " +"different programs handle these functions for different types of mail." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:275 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On Linux and Unix systems <command>mutt</command> is historically a very " +"popular MUA. Like most traditional Linux programs it is text based. It is " +"often used in combination with <command>exim</command> or <command>sendmail</" +"command> as MTA and <command>procmail</command> as MDA." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:282 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"With the increasing popularity of graphical desktop systems, the use of " +"graphical e-mail programs like GNOME's <command>evolution</command>, KDE's " +"<command>kmail</command> or Mozilla's <command>thunderbird</command> has " +"becoming more popular. These programs combine the function of a MUA, MTA and " +"MDA, but can — and often are — also be used in combination with " +"the traditional Linux tools." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:294 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Default E-Mail Configuration" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:295 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Even if you are planning to use a graphical mail program, it would be " +"useful, to have a traditional MTA/MDA installed and correctly set up on your " +"&debian-gnu; system. Reason is that various utilities running on the " +"system<footnote> <para> Examples are: <command>cron</command>, " +"<command>quota</command>, <command>logcheck</command>, <command>aide</" +"command>, … </para> </footnote> can send important notices by e-mail " +"to inform the system administrator of (potential) problems or changes." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:310 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For this you can install <classname>exim4</classname> and <classname>mutt</" +"classname> with <command>apt install exim4 mutt</command>. <classname>exim4</" +"classname> is a combination MTA/MDA that is relatively small but very " +"flexible. By default it will be configured to only handle e-mail local to " +"the system itself and e-mails addressed to the system administrator (root " +"account) will be delivered to the regular user account created during the " +"installation<footnote> <para> The forwarding of mail for root to the regular " +"user account is configured in <filename>/etc/aliases</filename>. If no " +"regular user account was created, the mail will of course be delivered to " +"the root account itself. </para> </footnote>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:328 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When system e-mails are delivered they are added to a file in <filename>/var/" +"mail/<replaceable>account_name</replaceable></filename>. The e-mails can be " +"read using <command>mutt</command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:338 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Sending E-Mails Outside The System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:339 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As mentioned earlier, the installed &debian; system is only set up to handle " +"e-mail local to the system, not for sending mail to others nor for receiving " +"mail from others." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:345 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you would like <classname>exim4</classname> to handle external e-mail, " +"please refer to the next subsection for the basic available configuration " +"options. Make sure to test that mail can be sent and received correctly." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:351 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you intend to use a graphical mail program and use a mail server of your " +"Internet Service Provider (ISP) or your company, there is not really any " +"need to configure <classname>exim4</classname> for handling external e-mail. " +"Just configure your favorite graphical mail program to use the correct " +"servers to send and receive e-mail (how is outside the scope of this manual)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:360 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"However, in that case you may need to configure individual utilities to " +"correctly send e-mails. One such utility is <command>reportbug</command>, a " +"program that facilitates submitting bug reports against &debian; packages. " +"By default it expects to be able to use <classname>exim4</classname> to " +"submit bug reports." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:368 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To correctly set up <command>reportbug</command> to use an external mail " +"server, please run the command <command>reportbug --configure</command> and " +"answer <quote>no</quote> to the question if an MTA is available. You will " +"then be asked for the SMTP server to be used for submitting bug reports." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:379 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring the Exim4 Mail Transport Agent" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:380 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you would like your system to also handle external e-mail, you will need " +"to reconfigure the <classname>exim4</classname> package<footnote> <para> You " +"can of course also remove <classname>exim4</classname> and replace it with " +"an alternative MTA/MDA. </para> </footnote>:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: post-install.xml:392 +#, no-c-format +msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:394 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After entering that command (as root), you will be asked if you want split " +"the configuration into small files. If you are unsure, select the default " +"option." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:400 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next you will be presented with several common mail scenarios. Choose the " +"one that most closely resembles your needs." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: post-install.xml:409 +#, no-c-format +msgid "internet site" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:410 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Your system is connected to a network and your mail is sent and received " +"directly using SMTP. On the following screens you will be asked a few basic " +"questions, like your machine's mail name, or a list of domains for which you " +"accept or relay mail." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: post-install.xml:421 +#, no-c-format +msgid "mail sent by smarthost" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:422 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In this scenario your outgoing mail is forwarded to another machine, called " +"a <quote>smarthost</quote>, which takes care of sending the message on to " +"its destination. The smarthost also usually stores incoming mail addressed " +"to your computer, so you don't need to be permanently online. That also " +"means you have to download your mail from the smarthost via programs like " +"fetchmail." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:432 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In a lot of cases the smarthost will be your ISP's mail server, which makes " +"this option very suitable for dial-up users. It can also be a company mail " +"server, or even another system on your own network." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: post-install.xml:442 +#, no-c-format +msgid "mail sent by smarthost; no local mail" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:443 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This option is basically the same as the previous one except that the system " +"will not be set up to handle mail for a local e-mail domain. Mail on the " +"system itself (e.g. for the system administrator) will still be handled." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: post-install.xml:454 +#, no-c-format +msgid "local delivery only" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:455 +#, no-c-format +msgid "This is the option your system is configured for by default." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: post-install.xml:463 +#, no-c-format +msgid "no configuration at this time" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:464 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Choose this if you are absolutely convinced you know what you are doing. " +"This will leave you with an unconfigured mail system — until you " +"configure it, you won't be able to send or receive any mail and you may miss " +"some important messages from your system utilities." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:475 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If none of these scenarios suits your needs, or if you need a finer grained " +"setup, you will need to edit configuration files under the <filename>/etc/" +"exim4</filename> directory after the installation is complete. More " +"information about <classname>exim4</classname> may be found under <filename>/" +"usr/share/doc/exim4</filename>; the file <filename>README.Debian.gz</" +"filename> has further details about configuring <classname>exim4</classname> " +"and explains where to find additional documentation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:486 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that sending mail directly to the Internet when you don't have an " +"official domain name, can result in your mail being rejected because of anti-" +"spam measures on receiving servers. Using your ISP's mail server is " +"preferred. If you still do want to send out mail directly, you may want to " +"use a different e-mail address than is generated by default. If you use " +"<classname>exim4</classname> as your MTA, this is possible by adding an " +"entry in <filename>/etc/email-addresses</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:504 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Compiling a New Kernel" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:505 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is most probably not " +"necessary since the default kernel shipped with &debian; handles almost all " +"configurations." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:511 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you want to compile your own kernel nevertheless, this is of course " +"possible and we recommend the use of the <quote>make deb-pkg</quote> target. " +"For more information read the <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-handbook;\">Debian " +"Linux Kernel Handbook</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: post-install.xml:526 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Recovering a Broken System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:527 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no " +"longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying " +"out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps " +"cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in <filename>/sbin/init</" +"filename>. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to have a system to work " +"from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful for this." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:537 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To access rescue mode, select <userinput>rescue</userinput> from the boot " +"menu, type <userinput>rescue</userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> " +"prompt, or boot with the <userinput>rescue/enable=true</userinput> boot " +"parameter. You'll be shown the first few screens of the installer, with a " +"note in the corner of the display to indicate that this is rescue mode, not " +"a full installation. Don't worry, your system is not about to be " +"overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes advantage of the hardware detection " +"facilities available in the installer to ensure that your disks, network " +"devices, and so on are available to you while repairing your system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:554 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of " +"the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, " +"you should select the partition containing the root file system that you " +"need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as " +"those created directly on disks." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:562 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the " +"file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary " +"repairs. <phrase arch=\"any-x86\"> For example, if you need to reinstall the " +"GRUB boot loader into the master boot record of the first hard disk, you " +"could enter the command <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput> to do " +"so. </phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:574 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you " +"selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a " +"warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. " +"You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will " +"often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you " +"selected will be mounted on the <filename>/target</filename> directory." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:583 +#, no-c-format +msgid "In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: post-install.xml:587 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this " +"manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong " +"or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert." +msgstr "" |