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diff --git a/fi/appendix/chroot-install.xml b/fi/appendix/chroot-install.xml deleted file mode 100644 index cd72a3a88..000000000 --- a/fi/appendix/chroot-install.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,460 +0,0 @@ -<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> -<!-- original version: 36758 untranslated --> - - <sect1 id="linux-upgrade"> - <title>Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System</title> - -<para> - -This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing -Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as -explained in the rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote> -HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from -Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with -entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In -this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in -the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a -command entered in the Debian chroot. - -</para><para> - -Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, -you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on -rolling. This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian; -install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that -otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation -media. - -</para> - - <sect2> - <title>Getting Started</title> -<para> - -With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard -drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You -need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install, -or at least 300MB if you plan to install X. - -</para><para> - -To create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an -ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's -our example root partition): - -<informalexample><screen> -# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6 -</screen></informalexample> - -To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>. - -</para><para> - -Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for -your intended Debian swap partition): - -<informalexample><screen> -# mkswap /dev/hda5 -# sync; sync; sync -# swapon /dev/hda5 -</screen></informalexample> - -Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the -installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem -on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is -referenced later below. - -<informalexample><screen> -# mkdir /mnt/debinst -# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst -</screen></informalexample> - -</para> -<note><para> - -If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on -separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories -manually before proceding with the next stage. - -</para></note> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Install <command>debootstrap</command></title> -<para> - -The tool that the Debian installer uses, which is recognized as the -official way to install a Debian base system, is -<command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and -<command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on -<classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux tools<footnote> - -<para> - -These include the GNU core utilities and commands like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> and <command>gzip</command>. - -</para> - -</footnote>. Install <command>wget</command> and -<command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system, -then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>. - -</para> - -<!-- The files linked to here are from 2004 and thus currently not usable -<para> - -If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the -.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at -<ulink url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink> - -</para> ---> - -<para> - -Or, you can use the following procedure to install it -manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: - -<informalexample><screen> -# mkdir work -# cd work -</screen></informalexample> - -The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian -archive (be sure to select the proper file for your -architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from -the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/"> -pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the -binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install -the binaries. - -<informalexample><screen> -# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb -# cd / -# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv -</screen></informalexample> - -</para><para> - -Note that running <command>debootstrap</command> may require you to have -a minimal version of <classname>glibc</classname> installed (currently -GLIBC_2.3). <command>debootstrap</command> itself is a shell script, but -it calls various utilities that require <classname>glibc</classname>. - -</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Run <command>debootstrap</command></title> -<para> - -<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly -from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian -archive mirror for <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput> in -the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you -network-wise. Mirrors are listed at -<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>. - -</para><para> - -If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at -<filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead -of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput> - -</para><para> - -Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> -in the <command>debootstrap</command> command: - -<userinput>alpha</userinput>, -<userinput>arm</userinput>, -<userinput>hppa</userinput>, -<userinput>i386</userinput>, -<userinput>ia64</userinput>, -<userinput>m68k</userinput>, -<userinput>mips</userinput>, -<userinput>mipsel</userinput>, -<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, -<userinput>s390</userinput>, or -<userinput>sparc</userinput>. - -<informalexample><screen> -# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \ - /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian -</screen></informalexample> - -</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Configure The Base System</title> -<para> - -Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. -<command>Chroot</command> into it: - -<informalexample><screen> -# LANG= chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash -</screen></informalexample> - -</para> - - <sect3> - <title>Mount Partitions</title> -<para> - -You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. - -<informalexample><screen> -# editor /etc/fstab -</screen></informalexample> - -Here is a sample you can modify to suit: - -<informalexample><screen> -# /etc/fstab: static file system information. -# -# file system mount point type options dump pass -/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1 -/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 - -/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0 -proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 - -/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0 -/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0 - -/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 -/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 -/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2 -/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 -</screen></informalexample> - -Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you -have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or to mount -file systems individually use: - -<informalexample><screen> -# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr -</screen></informalexample> - -You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary -locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is customary. If you didn't use -<userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before continuing: - -<informalexample><screen> -# mount -t proc proc /proc -</screen></informalexample> - -</para><para> - -The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty -directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside -the chroot: - -<informalexample><screen> -# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc -</screen></informalexample> - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>Configure Keyboard</title> -<para> - -To configure your keyboard: - -<informalexample><screen> -# dpkg-reconfigure console-data -</screen></informalexample> - -</para><para> - -Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be -configured for the next reboot. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>Configure Networking</title> -<para> - -To configure networking, edit -<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, -<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, -<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> and -<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>. - -<informalexample><screen> -# editor /etc/network/interfaces -</screen></informalexample> - -Here are some simple examples from -<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: - -<informalexample><screen> -###################################################################### -# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) -# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are -# available. -###################################################################### - -# We always want the loopback interface. -# -auto lo -iface lo inet loopback - -# To use dhcp: -# -# auto eth0 -# iface eth0 inet dhcp - -# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional) -# -# auto eth0 -# iface eth0 inet static -# address 192.168.0.42 -# network 192.168.0.0 -# netmask 255.255.255.0 -# broadcast 192.168.0.255 -# gateway 192.168.0.1 -</screen></informalexample> - -Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in -<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: - -<informalexample><screen> -# editor /etc/resolv.conf -</screen></informalexample> - -A simple <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: - -<informalexample><screen> -search hqdom.local\000 -nameserver 10.1.1.36 -nameserver 192.168.9.100 -</screen></informalexample> - -Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): - -<informalexample><screen> -# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname -</screen></informalexample> - -If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of -driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the -desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the -interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3> - <title>Configure Locales</title> -<para> - -To configure your locale settings to use a language other than -English, install the locales support package and configure it: - -<informalexample><screen> -# apt-get install locales -# dpkg-reconfigure locales -</screen></informalexample> - -NOTE: Apt must be configured beforehand by creating a sources.list and -running apt-get update. -Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1, -please consult the appropriate localization HOWTO. - -</para> - </sect3> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Install a Kernel</title> -<para> - -If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel -and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with - -<informalexample><screen> -# apt-cache search <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image -</screen></informalexample> - -Then install your choice using its package name. - -<informalexample><screen> -# apt-get install <phrase condition="classic-kpkg">kernel</phrase><phrase condition="common-kpkg">linux</phrase>-image-<replaceable>&kernelversion;-arch-etc</replaceable> -</screen></informalexample> - -</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> -<title>Set up the Boot Loader</title> -<para> - -To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load -the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that debootstrap -does not install a boot loader, though you can use apt-get inside your -Debian chroot to do so. - -</para><para arch="i386"> - -Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> or <userinput>man -lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the -bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just -add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub -<filename>menu.lst</filename> or <filename>lilo.conf</filename>. For -<filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the new system and -edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use -<filename>lilo.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from). - -</para><para arch="i386"> - -Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example: - -<informalexample><screen> -boot=/dev/hda6 -root=/dev/hda6 -install=menu -delay=20 -lba32 -image=/vmlinuz -label=Debian -</screen></informalexample> - -</para><para arch="powerpc"> - -Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on -setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to -install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your -existing <filename>yaboot.conf</filename>. You could also copy it to -the new system and -edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will -use <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from). - -</para><para arch="powerpc"> - -Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an example: - -<informalexample><screen> -boot=/dev/hda2 -device=hd: -partition=6 -root=/dev/hda6 -magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot -timeout=50 -image=/vmlinux -label=Debian -</screen></informalexample> - -On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput> -instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>. - -</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> |