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Diffstat (limited to 'eu/appendix')
| -rw-r--r-- | eu/appendix/chroot-install.xml | 552 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | eu/appendix/example-preseed.xml | 327 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | eu/appendix/files.xml | 244 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | eu/appendix/gpl.xml | 514 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | eu/appendix/random-bits.xml | 10 |
5 files changed, 1647 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/eu/appendix/chroot-install.xml b/eu/appendix/chroot-install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96b219177 --- /dev/null +++ b/eu/appendix/chroot-install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 15442 untranslated --> + + <sect1 id="linux-upgrade"> + <title>Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System</title> + +<para> + +This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing +Unix or Linux system, without using the ncurses-based, menu-driven +installer as explained in the rest of the manual. This "cross-install" +HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from +Redhat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with +entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In +this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in +the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a +command entered in the Debian chroot. + +</para><para> + +Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, +you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on +rolling. This is therefore a "zero downtime" &debian; +install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that +otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation +media. + +</para> + + <sect2> + <title>Getting Started</title> +<para> + +With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard +drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You +need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install, +or at least 300MB if you plan to install X. + +</para><para> + +To create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an +ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's +our example root partition): + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ mke2fs -j /dev/hda6 + +</screen></informalexample> + +To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>. + +</para><para> + +Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for +your intended Debian swap partition): + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ mkswap /dev/hda5 + $ sync; sync; sync + $ swapon /dev/hda5 + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the +installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem +on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is +referenced later below. + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ mkdir /mnt/debinst + $ mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Install <command>debootstrap</command></title> +<para> + +The tool that the Debian installer uses, which is recognized as the +official way to install a Debian base system, is +<command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command>, but +otherwise depends only on <classname>glibc</classname>. Install +<command>wget</command> if it isn't already on your current system, +then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>. + +</para><para> + +If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the +.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at +<ulink url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink> + +</para><para> + +Or, you can use the following procedure to install it +manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ mkdir work + $ cd work + +</screen></informalexample> +</para><para> + +The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian +archive (be sure to select the proper file for your +architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from +the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/"> +pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the +binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install +the binaries. + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ ar -xf debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb + $ cd / + $ zcat < /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Run <command>debootstrap</command> (Network-connected)</title> +<para> + +<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly +from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian +archive mirror for <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput> in +the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you +network-wise. Mirrors are listed at +<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>. + +</para><para> + +If you have a woody version &debian; CD mounted at +<filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead +of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput> + +</para><para> + +Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> +in the <command>debootstrap</command> command: + +<userinput>alpha</userinput>, +<userinput>arm</userinput>, +<userinput>hppa</userinput>, +<userinput>i386</userinput>, +<userinput>ia64</userinput>, +<userinput>m68k</userinput>, +<userinput>mips</userinput>, +<userinput>mipsel</userinput>, +<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, +<userinput>s390</userinput>, or +<userinput>sparc</userinput>. + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH woody \ + /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Run <command>debootstrap</command> + (Using <filename>basedebs.tar</filename>)</title> +<para> + +<command>debootstrap</command> can use the +<filename>basedebs.tar</filename> file, if you have already downloaded +it ahead of time. The <filename>basedebs.tar</filename> file is +generated only every once in a while, so you'll get the latest version +of the base system by pointing <command>debootstrap</command> directly +to a Debian archive as shown in the previous section. + +</para><para> + +The <filename>basedebs.tar</filename> file is found in the +<filename>base-images-current</filename> directory of the Debian +archive for your architecture, for example: +<ulink url="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/woody/main/disks-&architecture;/base-images-current/basedebs.tar"></ulink> + +</para><para> + +Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> in the +<command>debootstrap</command> command: + +<userinput>alpha</userinput>, +<userinput>arm</userinput>, +<userinput>hppa</userinput>, +<userinput>i386</userinput>, +<userinput>ia64</userinput>, +<userinput>m68k</userinput>, +<userinput>mips</userinput>, +<userinput>mipsel</userinput>, +<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, +<userinput>s390</userinput>, or +<userinput>sparc</userinput>. +<informalexample><screen> + +$ /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH --unpack-tarball \ + /path-to-downloaded/basedebs.tar woody /mnt/debinst + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Configure The Base System</title> + +<para> + +Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. +<command>Chroot</command> into it: + +<informalexample><screen> + + $ chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + + <sect3> + <title>Mount Partitions</title> +<para> + +You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. + +<informalexample><screen> + + # editor /etc/fstab + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Here is a sample you can modify to suit: + +<informalexample><screen> + +# /etc/fstab: static file system information. +# +# file system mount point type options dump pass +/dev/XXX / ext2 defaults 0 0 +/dev/XXX /boot ext2 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 + +/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0 +proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 + +/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0 +/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0 + +/dev/XXX /tmp ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /var ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /usr ext2 rw,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /home ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you +have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or to mount +file systems individually use: + +<informalexample><screen> + + # mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary +locations, though /proc is customary. If you didn't use +<userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before +continuing: + +<informalexample><screen> + + # mount -t proc proc /proc + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + +<para> +A RedHat user reports that on his system, this should be + +<informalexample><screen> + + # mount -t none proc /proc + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Configure Keyboard</title> + +<para> + +To configure your keyboard: + +<informalexample><screen> + + # dpkg-reconfigure console-data + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Configure Networking</title> +<para> + +To configure networking, edit +<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and +<filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. + +<informalexample><screen> + + # editor /etc/network/interfaces + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Here are some simple examples from +<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +###################################################################### +# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) +# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are +# available. +###################################################################### + +# We always want the loopback interface. +# +auto lo +iface lo inet loopback + +# To use dhcp: +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet dhcp + +# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional) +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet static +# address 192.168.0.42 +# network 192.168.0.0 +# netmask 255.255.255.0 +# broadcast 192.168.0.255 +# gateway 192.168.0.1 +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> + + # editor /etc/resolv.conf + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +A simple <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> + +# search hqdom.local\000 +# nameserver 10.1.1.36 +# nameserver 192.168.9.100 + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): + +<informalexample><screen> + + # echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of +driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the +desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the +interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Configure Timezone, Users, and APT</title> + +<para> + +Set your timezone, add a normal user, and choose your <command>apt</command> +sources by running + +<informalexample><screen> + + # /usr/sbin/base-config + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Configure Locales</title> +<para> + +To configure your locale settings to use a language other than +English, install the locales support package and configure it: + +<informalexample><screen> + + # apt-get install locales + # dpkg-reconfigure locales + +</screen></informalexample> + +NOTE: Apt must be configured before, ie. during the base-config phase. +Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1, +please consult the appropriate localisation HOWTO. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Install a Kernel</title> + +<para> + +If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel +and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with + +<informalexample><screen> + + # apt-cache search kernel-image + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Then install your choice using its package name. + +<informalexample><screen> + + # apt-get install kernel-image-2.X.X-arch-etc + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> +<title>Set up the Boot Loader</title> +<para> + +To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load +the installed kernel with your new root partition. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +Check <userinput>man lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting +up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install +Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing +lilo.conf. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it +there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use +lilo.conf relative to the system you call it from). + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +Here is a basic /etc/lilo.conf as an example: + +<informalexample><screen> + +boot=/dev/hda6 +root=/dev/hda6 +install=/boot/boot-menu.b +delay=20 +lba32 +image=/vmlinuz +label=Debian + +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on +setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to +install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your +existing yaboot.conf. You could also copy it to the new system and +edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will +use yaboot.conf relative to the system you call it from). + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: + +<informalexample><screen> + +boot=/dev/hda2 +device=hd: +partition=6 +root=/dev/hda6 +magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot +timeout=50 +image=/vmlinux +label=Debian + +</screen></informalexample> + +On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput> +instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>. + +</para><para arch="not-i386;not-powerpc"> + +<phrase condition="FIXME"> +FIXME: Someone may eventually supply an example for this architecture. +</phrase> + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/eu/appendix/example-preseed.xml b/eu/appendix/example-preseed.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01271976c --- /dev/null +++ b/eu/appendix/example-preseed.xml @@ -0,0 +1,327 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 23389 untranslated --> + +<sect1 id="example-preseed"> +<title>Preconfiguration File Example</title> + +<para> + +This is a complete working example of a preconfiguration file for an automated +install. Its use is explained in <xref linkend="automatic-install"/>. You +may want to uncomment some of the lines before using the file. + +</para> + +<informalexample><screen> +#### Modifying syslinux.cfg. + +# Edit the syslinux.cfg (or similar) file, and add parameters to the end +# of the append line(s) for the kernel. +# +# You'll at least want to add a parameter telling the installer where to +# get its preseed file from. +# If you're installing from USB media, use this, and put the preseed file +# in the toplevel directory of the USB stick. +# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed +# If you're netbooting, use this instead: +# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed +# If you're remastering a CD, you could use this: +# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed +# Be sure to copy this file to the location you specify. +# +# While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in +# there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some. +# And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit +# enter to boot the installer. +# +# Language, country, and keyboard selection cannot be preseeded from a file, +# because the questions are asked before the preseed file can be loaded. +# Instead, to avoid these questions, pass some more parameters to the kernel: +# +# languagechooser/language-name=English +# countrychooser/shortlist=US +# console-keymaps-at/keymap=us +# +# Note that the kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and +# 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the +# installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any +# excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. +# Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' and 'devfs=mount' may be +# safely removed for most installations, which may allow you to add more +# options for preseeding. + +#### Shell commands. + +# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks +# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a +# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted +# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's +# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, +# automatically. + +# This first command is run as early as possible, just after +# preseeding is read. +#d-i preseed/early_command string wget http://url/to/my.udeb -O /tmp/my.udeb ; udpkg -i /tmp/my.udeb +# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is +# still a usable /target directory. +#d-i preseed/late_command string for deb in /hd-media/*.deb; do cp $deb /target/tmp; chroot /target dpkg -i /tmp/$(basename $deb); done +# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom +# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: +# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to +# tweak the configuration of the system. +#base-config base-config/late_command string apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh + +#### Network configuration. + +# Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the +# network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can +# also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are +# loading preseed files from the network. + +# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it +# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto + +# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true +#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 +#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 +#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true + +# Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take +# precidence over values set here. However, setting the values still +# prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp. +d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname +d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain + +# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish + +#### Mirror settings. + +d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org +d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian +d-i mirror/suite string testing +d-i mirror/http/proxy string + +### Partitioning. + +# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select Use the largest continuous free space +# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can +# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. +# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc + +# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation +# Or provide a recipe of your own... +# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can +# just point at it. +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe +# If not, you can put an entire recipe in one line. This example creates +# a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and uses the rest of the space +# for the root partition: +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: 20 50 100 ext3 $primary{ } $bootable{ } method{ format } format{ } use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ /boot } . 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 method{ format } format{ } use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ / } . 64 512 300% linux-swap method{ swap } format{ } . +# For reference, here is that same recipe in a more readable form: +# boot-root :: +# 40 50 100 ext3 +# $primary{ } $bootable{ } +# method{ format } format{ } +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } +# mountpoint{ /boot } +# . +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 +# method{ format } format{ } +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } +# mountpoint{ / } +# . +# 64 512 300% linux-swap +# method{ swap } format{ } +# . + +# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +d-i partman/confirm boolean true + +#### Boot loader installation. + +# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed +# instead, uncomment this: +#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true + +# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR +# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true +# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS +# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true +# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, +# uncomment and edit these lines: +#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) +#d-i grub-installer/only-debian boolean false +#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false + +##### Finishing up the first stage install. + +# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note + + +##### Preseeding base-config. +# XXX: Note that most of this will not work right until base-config 2.40.4 +# is available. + +# Avoid the introductory message. +base-config base-config/intro note + +# Avoid the final message. +base-config base-config/login note + +# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately +# after base-config finishes. +#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false + +###### Time zone setup. + +# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to GMT. +base-config tzconfig/gmt boolean true + +# If you told the installer that you're in the United States, then you +# can set the time zone using this variable. +# (Choices are: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii, +# Aleutian, Arizona East-Indiana, Indiana-Starke, Michigan, Samoa, other) +base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/US select Eastern +# If you told it you're in Canada. +# (Choices are: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central, +# East-Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Mountain, Pacific, Yukon, other) +base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/CA select Eastern +# If you told it you're in Brazil. (Choices are: East, West, Acre, +# DeNoronha, other) +base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/BR select East +# Many countries have only one time zone. If you told the installer you're +# in one of those countries, you can choose its standard time zone via this +# question. +base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_single boolean true +# This question is asked as a fallback for countries other than those +# listed above, which have more than one time zone. You can preseed one of +# the time zones, or "other". +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_multiple select + +###### Account setup. + +# To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this +# file. That is not a very good idea, use caution! +#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme +#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme + +# If you want to skip creation of a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false +# Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login. +#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User +#passwd passwd/username string debian +# And their password, but use caution! +#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure +#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure + +###### Apt setup. + +# This question controls what source the second stage installation uses +# for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list +# by hand +base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http + +# If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror. +base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually +base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org +base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian +# Stop after choosing one mirror. +base-config apt-setup/another boolean false + +# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +#base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true +#base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true + +# Do enable security updates. +base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true + +###### Package selection. + +# You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. +# Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment, +# Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server, +# SQL database, manual package selection. The last of those will run +# aptitude. You can also choose to install no tasks, and force the +# installation of a set of packages in some other way. +# XXX: this will not work until tasksel 2.12 is available +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Mail server, DNS server + +###### Mailer configuration. + +# During a normal install, exim asks only two questions. Here's how to +# avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. +exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype select no configuration at this time +# It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to +# create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to +# /var/mail/mail. +exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string + +###### X Configuration. + +# Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know +# some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X +# configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. + +# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, +# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa + +# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it +# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of +# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true + +# Monitor autodetection is recommended. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +# Uncomment if you have a LCD display. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed +# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not +# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method select medium +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz + +###### Everything else. + +# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong +# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may +# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every +# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an +# installation, and then run these commands: +# debconf-get-selections --installer > file +# debconf-get-selections >> file + +# If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one. +# Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this +# file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be +# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their +# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from +# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg +# More flexably, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of +# preseed files, includes those files. For example, to switch configs based +# on a particular usb storage device (in this case, a built-in card reader): +#d-i preseed/include_command string if $(grep -q "GUID: 0aec3050aec305000001a003" /proc/scsi/usb-storage-*/*); then echo kraken.cfg; else echo otherusb.cfg; fi +</screen></informalexample> + +</sect1> diff --git a/eu/appendix/files.xml b/eu/appendix/files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6777fa664 --- /dev/null +++ b/eu/appendix/files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + + + <sect1 id="linuxdevices"><title>Linux Devices</title> +<para> + +In Linux you have various special files in +<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called devices files. In +the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a +special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the +hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system +component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave +differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device +files listed. + +</para><para> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry> + <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry> + <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry> + <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry> + <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry> + <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry> + <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>null</filename></entry> + <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry> + <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +</para> + + <sect2> +<title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title> + +<para> + +The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window +environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used +to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown: +<informalexample><screen> +mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X + /dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink) + /dev/ttyS1 +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while +setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> +or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. + +</para><para> + +This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is +unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with +<informalexample><screen> +user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart +</screen></informalexample> +will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X. + +</para><para> + +If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to +read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer +to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at +<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, +<userinput>man gpm</userinput>, +<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and +<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or +<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to +<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse +when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to +<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file. + +<informalexample><screen> + +# 3-button mouse emulation +# turn on emulation +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1 +# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87 +# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88 +# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is. + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list"> + <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title> +<para> + +The base woody installation on the author's computer required 117MB. +The installed size for all standard packages was 123MB, with a +download size of 38MB; so 278MB of space was needed to install the +base and all standard packages. + +</para><para> + +The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude (a very nice +program, by the way) for the tasks listed in tasksel. The system +for which the figures were reported already had all standard packages +installed. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so +the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than +the total obtained by adding the numbers up. + +</para><para> + +<informalexample><screen> +Task Installed Download Space Needed + Size (MB) Size (MB) To Install (MB) + +desktop environment 345 118 463 +X window system 78 36 114 +games 49 14 63 +Debian Jr. 340 124 464 +dialup system 28 8 36 +laptop system 3 1 4 +scientific applications 110 30 140 + +C and C++ 32 15 47 +Python 103 30 133 +Tcl/Tk 37 11 48 +fortran 10 4 14 + +file server 1 - 1 +mail server 4 3 7 +usenet news server 6 2 8 +print server 48 18 66 +conventional unix server 55 19 74 +web server 4 1 5 + +TeX/LaTeX environment 171 64 235 + +simplified Chinese environment 80 29 109 +traditional Chinese environment 166 68 234 +Cyrillic environment 29 13 42 +French environment 60 18 78 +German environment 31 9 40 +Japanese environment 110 53 163 +Korean environment 178 72 250 +Polish environment 58 27 85 +Russian environment 12 6 18 +Spanish environment 15 4 19 + +</screen></informalexample> +</para> + </sect1> diff --git a/eu/appendix/gpl.xml b/eu/appendix/gpl.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2be25404c --- /dev/null +++ b/eu/appendix/gpl.xml @@ -0,0 +1,514 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 --> + + <appendix id="appendix-gpl"><title>GNU General Public License</title> + +<para> + +2. Bertsioa, 1991ko Ekaina + +</para><para> + +This is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License +into Basque. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, +and does not legally state the distribution terms for software that +uses the GNU GPL--only the original English text of the GNU GPL does +that. However, we hope that this translation will help basque +speakers understand the GNU GPL better. + +Hau "GNU General Public License" delakoaren euskaraketa ez-ofizial +bat da. Itzulpen hau ez du "FSF Free Software Foundation"-ek +argitarartu, eta ez ditu legalki zehazten GNU GPL lizentzia +erabiltzen duen softwarearen banatze baldintzak -- GNU GPL +Ingelesezko testu jatorrizkoak baino ez du hori egiten. Hala ere, +itzulpen honek euskaldunak GNU GPL lizentzia hobeto ulertzen +laguntzeko asmoarekin egin dugu. + +</para> + + <sect1><title>Sarrera</title> +<para> + +Software gehienen lizentziak hura konpartitzeko eta aldatzeko +askatasuna ukatzeko pentsatuta daude. Honen kontra, "GNU-General +Public License" deritzona software librea konpartitu eta banatzeko +zure askatasuna bermatzeko asmoa dauka, hau da, softwarea +erabiltzaile guztientzat librea dela bermatzea. Lizentzia honek "Free +Software Foundation"-aren software gehienari eta bere egileak hau +erabiltzen onartzen duen beste edozein programari aplikatzen zaio. +(Free Software Foundation-en beste zenbait software "GNU Library +General Public License" lizentziak babesten du.) Zure programentzako +hori ere erabili dezakezu. + +</para><para> + +Software askeaz ari garenean, askatasunaz ari gara, ez prezioaz. Gure +Lizentziak software askearen kopiak banatzeko askatasuna daukazula +(eta nahi izanez gero kobratu), iturburu-kodea jasotzen duzula, edo +jaso dezakezula nahi izanez gero, softwarea aldatu dezakezula edo +beraren zatiak erabili dezakezula programa aske berrietan, eta guzti +hau egin dezakezula badakizula bermatzeko diseinatuta daude. + +</para><para> + +Zure eskubideak babesteko, edonork eskubide hauek ukatzea edo zuk +bertan behera uztea eskatzea debekatzen duten zenbait murrizketa egin +behar ditugu. Murrizketa hauek, softwarearen kopiak banatzen edo +aldatzen baldin baduzu, zuretzako zenbait erantzukizunetan itzultzen +dira. + + + +</para><para> + +Adibidez, programa baten kopiak banatzen baldin badituzu, dohainik +edo ordain baten truke, jasotzen dutenei zuk dituzun eskubide beraiek +eman behar diezu. Beraiek ere iturburu-kodea jasotzen dutela, edo +jasotzeko aukera dutela ziurtatu behar duzu. Eta baldintza hauek +erakutsi behar diezu beraien eskubideak ezagutu ditzaten. + +</para><para> + +Zure eskubideak bi pausutan babesten ditugu: (1) softwareari +copyright abisu bat ezartzen, eta (2) kopiatzeko, banatzeko eta +aldatzeko aukera legala ematen dizun lizentzia hau eskaintzen. + + +</para><para> + +Baita ere, egilearen eta gure babes propiorako ere, argi utzi nahi +dugu software libre honentzat ez dagoela inolako garantiarik. +Softwarea besteren batek aldatzen eta banatzen baldin badu, jasotzen +dutenek hori originala ez dela argi izan dezaten nahi dut, eta +horregatik, besteren batek sartutako edozein arazo ez du islatuko +jatorriko egilearen reputazioa. + +</para><para> + +Azkenik, edozein programa askea beti egongo da softwarearen patenteaz +mehatxatuta. Gure asmoa, software aske baten banatzailea banakako +patente lizentzia bat lortzea, horren bitartez programa jabedun +eginez, saihestu nahi dugu. Honi aurre egiteko, argi utzi nahi izan +dugu edozein patente guztion erabilera librerako lizentziatu behar +dela edo ez dela lizentziatuko. + +</para><para> + +Hemendik aurrera kopiatzeko, banatzeko eta aldatzeko baldintzak +jarriko dira. + + +</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1><title>GNU PUBLIKOARENTZAKO LIZENTZIA OROKORRA</title> +<para> + +KOPIATZEKO, BANATZEKO ETA ALDATZEKO BALDINTZAK + +</para> + +<itemizedlist><listitem><para> + +Lizentzia honek Publikoarentzako Lizentzia Orokor honen +baldintzapean banatu daitekeela adierazten duen egileak jarritako +edozein abisu daraman edozein programa edo bestelako lanari +aplikatzen zaio. Hemendik aurrera "Programa" horrelako edozein +programa edo lana izango da, eta "Programan oinarritutako lana" +programa bera edo copyright legepean dagoen edozein deribaturiko +lana; hau da, Programa bera edo beraren zati bat daukan edozein lan, +bai kopia zehatzak edo aldaketak eta/edo beste edozein +hizkuntzatarako itzulpena. (Edozein moduan itzulpena aldaketaren +esanahian mugaketarik gabe sartzen da). "Zu" Lizentzia bakoitzari +esango zaio. + +</para><para> + +Kopiatzeaz, banatzeaz eta aldatzeaz besteko eragiketarik ez da +betetzen Lizentzia honetan; beraren eremuaz kanpo geratzen dira. +Programa erabiltzea bera ez da murrizten, eta bertatik ateratako +emaitza barruan sartzen da, baldin eta hauek Programan oinarritutako +lan bat badira (Programa bera erabiltzetik lortu badira edo ez). Hori +egia izateak Programak egiten duenaren arabera izango da. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programaren iturburu kodearen kopia zehatzak, jasotzen duzun +moduan, egin eta banandu ditzakezu, edozein bitartekoan, guztietan +argi eta garbi copyright eta garantia abisua publikatu, Lizentzia +honi eta garantia ezari dagokion abisu guztiak mantendu eta jasotzen +duten guztiei Programarekin batera Lizentzia honen kopia bat ematen +diezun bitartean. + +</para><para> + +Ordaina jaso dezakezu kopia transmisioaren ekintza fisikoaren truke, +eta, horrela nahi izanez gero, garantia bat eskaini dezakezu ordain +baten truke. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programaren kopia edo kopiak, edo honen edozein zati aldatu +dezakezu, horrela Programan oinarritutako lan bat sortuz, eta +aldaketa edo lan horiek banandu goiko 1.en Atalaren baldintzapean, +zuk baldintza hauek betetzen dituzun bitartean: + +</para><para> + +a) Zuk aldatutako fitxategietan zuk aldatutakoak direla eta +aldaketaren data ikusgarriak diren abisuak jarri behar dituzu. + +</para><para> + +b) Zuk banatzen edo argitaratzen duzun edozein lanean, bere +osotasunean edo zati batean Programa daukala, bertatik edo bere zati +batetik deribatua dela, osorik lizentziatu behar diezula Lizentzia +honen pean hirugarren pertsonei ordainik jaso gabe. + + +</para><para> + +c) Programak normalean komando interaktiboak irakurtzen baldin +baditu, elkarrizketa interaktibo horretan modu arruntenean martxan +jartzerakoan, copyright egokiaren abisua eta garantiarik ez +dagoenaren argiketa (edo garantia zuk ematen duzula), erabiltzaileak +programa baldintza hauen pean banatu dezaketela eta hauei Lizentzia +honen kopia bat nola ikusi adierazten duen iragarki bat inprimatu edo +erakutsiarazi behar duzu. (Programak berak interaktiboa baldin bada +baina normalean ez badu horrelako iragarkirik erakusten, Programan +oinarritutako zure lanak ez du zergatik iragarkia erakutsi behar.) + +</para><para> + +Behar hauek aldatutako lanari bere osotasunean aplikatzen zaizkio. +Lan horren zati identifikagarriak Programatik ez badira deribatu, eta +berez arrazoiz lan independente eta bereiztutako lanak kontsideratu +baldin badaitezke, orduan Lizentzia honek, eta bere baldintzak, ez +zaizkie aplikatuko banandutako lan moduan zabaltzen dituzunean. Baina +zati hauek Programan oinarritutako lan bat den osotasun baten moduan +zabaltzen dituzunean, guztiaren zabaltzea lizentzia honen +baldintzapetan izan behar da, zeinen baldintzak beste lizentzia +batzuentzat osotasun guztiari gehitzen zaio, eta horregatik zati +guztiei, edozeinek idatzi duelaz aparte. + + +</para><para> + +Atal honen asmoa ez da zuk osorik idatzitako lan baten gaineko +eskubideak bereganatzea edo eztabaidatzea; baizik eta, asmoa, +Programan oinarritutako egile anitzen lanak edo deribazioen zabaltzea +kontrolatzeko ahalmena izatea. + +</para><para> + +Beste alde batetik, Programan oinarrituta ez dagoen beste lan baten +Programarekin (edo Programan oinarritutako lan batekin) elkartze +hutsa gordeketa edo zabaltze medio batean ez du beste lana Lizentzia +honen pean jartzen. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programa (edo honetan oinarritutako lan bat, 2.en atalaren +arabera) kode objektu edo exekutagarri moduan zabaldu dezakezu 1.en +eta 2.en atalen baldintzapean, hurrengoetako bat egiten duzun +bitartean: + + +</para><para> + + a) Makinak irakurri dezakeen iturburu kodearekin batera zabaldu, +1.en eta 2.en atalen baldintzapean eta normalean softwarearen +elkarbanatzerako erabiltzen den euskarri batean; edo, + +</para><para> + +b) Gutxienez hiru urteko balioa izango duen idatzitako eskaintza +batekin elkartu, edozein hirugarren parteri, fisikoki zabaltze horren +kostua baino gehiago ez den ordain baten truke, dagokion iturburu +kodearen makinak irakurgai duen kopia oso bat, 1.en eta 2.en atalen +baldintzapean normalean softwarearen elkarbanatzerako erabiltzen den +euskarri batean emateko konpromisoarekin; edo, + + + +</para><para> + +c) Dagokion iturburu kodea luzatzeko zuk jasotako eskaintza +moduan jasotako informazioarekin elkartu. (Alternatiba honek +distribuzio ez-komertzialentzat da bakarrik eta soilik zuk programa +kode objektu edo exekutagarri moduan, eskaintza horrekin jaso baldin +baduzu, b azpiatalaren arabera.) + +</para><para> + +Lan baten iturburu kodea lanaren gaineko aldaketak egiteko modu +hoberena esan nahi du. Lan exekutagarri batentzat, iturburu kode +osoa, osotzen duten modulu guztien iturburu kodea, erlazionatutako +interfaze-aren edozein definizio fitxategi bai eta exekutagarriaren +konpilazioa eta instalazioa kontrolatzeko script guztiak esan nahi +du. Hala ere, salbuespen berezi moduan, banatutako iturburu kodea +normalean Sistema Eragilearen osagai arruntetan (konpilatzailea, +kernel eta horrelakoak) banatzen den edozein gauza (ez iturburu +kodean edo bitarran) ez du barnean izan behar, osagai horrek +exekutagarriari lotuta ez baldin badoa. + + +</para><para> + +Exekutagarriari edo kode objektuaren banaketa kopiatzeko leku zehatz +batera sarrera eskaintzen egiten bada, orduan iturburu kodea +kopiatzeko leku berdinera sarrera berdintsua eskeintzea iturburu kode +honen banaketa bezala onartuko da, hirugarren parteak biak kopiatzen +ez badituzte ere. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Ezin izango duzu Programa kopiatu, azpi-lizentziatu edo banatu +espreski Lizentzia honen baldintzapean ez baldin badator. Kopiatzeko, +aldatzeko, azpi-lizentziatzeko edo banatzeko edozein saiakera +debekatuta dago eta bertan behera utziko ditu Lizentzia honen gaineko +zure eskubideak. Hala ere zuregandik Lizentzia honi lotutako kopiak +edo bahimenak jaso dituzten partaideen lizentziak ez dira bukatuko +beraren baldintzak betetzen dituzten bitartean. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Ez daukazu zergatik lizentzia hau onartu, sinatu ez duzulako. +Hala ere, ez dago Lana edo bere deribatutako lanak aldatzeko edo +banatzeko bahimena ematen dizun beste edozer. Ekintza hauek legeak +debekatuta daude Lizentzia hau onartzen ez baduzu. Horregatik, +Programa (edo Programan oinarritutako lan bat) aldatu edo banatzean, +Lizentzia honen onartzea adierazten duzu hori egiteko, eta Programa +edo programan oinarritutako lan bat kopiatzeko, banatzeko + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programa (edo Programan oinarritutako edozein lan) birbanatzen +duzun bakoitzean, jasotzen duenak automatikoki baldintza hauei +lotutako Programa kopiatzeko, banatzeko edo aldatzeko lizentzia +hasierako lizentziadunetik jasotzen du. Ezin izango duzu bertan +adierazitako jasotzen duenaren eskubideei bestelako baldintzarik +ezarri. Ezin izango duzu hirugarren bat Lizentzia hau betetzen +behartu. + + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Epaiketa, patente baten arau-hausteagatik alegazio, edo +bestelako arrazoi batengatik (ez soilik patente kontuetan), Lizentzia +honekin kontraesanetan datozen baldintzak jartzen bazaizkizu +(epaimahaiaren aginduz, akordioagatik edo besteren batengatik), honek +ez zaitu Lizentzia honen baldintzetatik askatzen. Lizentzia honen +baldintzak eta bestelako betebeharrak batera betetzeko ezin baldin +baduzu banatu, orduan ezin izango duzu inolaz ere Programa banatu. +Adibidez, patente batek zuregandik, zuzenean edo bitartekarien +medioz, ordain gabeko banaketa ez badu onartzen, orduan bai hura eta +bai Lizentzia hau betetzeko modu bakarra Programa inolaz ere ez +banatzea da. + + +</para><para> + +Atal honen edozein zati edozein egoeran baliogabekoa edo aplikaezina +gertatzen bada, atalaren joera aplikatzera izango da, eta atala bere +osotasunean beste edozein egoeran aplikatuko da. + +</para><para> + +Atal honen asmoa ez da edozein patente edo bestelako jabetza +eskubideak zapaltzera, edo horien erreklamazioen balioa erantzutera +bultzatzea; atal honen helburu bakarra lizentzia publikoaren +ekimenetan oinarrituta dagoen software askearen banaketa sistemaren +osotasuna defenditzea da. Jende askok sistema honen bitartez +banatutako software multzo zabalari eskuzabal ekarpen asko egin +dizkio, sistema honen aplikazio zuzenerako; egile/emailearen aukera +da softwarea banatzeko sistema eta lizentzia batek ezin du aukera +hori inposatu. + +</para><para> + +Atal honek beste Lizentzia guztiaren emaitza bezala ikusten dena +argitu nahi du. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programaren banaketa eta/edo erabiltzea zenbait herrialdetan +patenteengatik edo egilearen jabego adierazpenengatik murriztuta +baldin badago, Lizentzia honen pean jartzen duen hazierako jabeak +herrialde horiek adierazten dituen banaketa murrizketa esplizitu bat +ezarri dezake, banaketa beste herrialde guztietan onartuta dagoela. +Kasu horretan, Lizentzia honek murrizketa hori barnean izango du, +bertan idatzita egongo balitz bezala. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Free Software Foundation-ak "General Public License" honen +berrikusitako edo berriak diren bertsioak argitaratu lezake +noizbehinka. Bertsio berri horiek izpirituan honen antzekoak izango +dira, baina detaileetan ezberdinduko dira, arazo edo egoera berriak +zuzentzeko. Bertsio bakoitzari ezberdintzen duen bertsio zenbaki bat dauka. +Programak berari eta beste hurrengo edozein bertsioari dagokion +bertsio zenbaki bat adierazten badu, bertsio horren edo "Free +Software Foundation"-ak argitaratutako hurrengo edozein bertsioaren +baldintzak betetzeko aukera daukazu. Programak bertsio zenbaki bat +adierazten ez badu "Free Software Foundation"-ak inoiz argitaratu +duen edozein bertsio aukeratu dezakezu. + + + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Programaren zatiak banaketa baldintza ezberdinak dituzten beste +programa aske batzuetara gehitu nahi baldin baduzu, egileari bahimena +eskatu beharko diozu. "Free Software Foundation"-ak babestutako +softwarearentzako "Free Software Foundation"-ari eskatu bahimena; +batzutan salbuespenak egiten ditugu honekin. Gure erabakia bi +helburuk zuzenduko dute: gure software askearen egoera askearen mantentzea eta softwarearen elkarbanatzea eta erabilpena laguntzea. + +</para><para> + +EZ DAGO INOLAKO GARANTIARIK + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +PROGRAMA ORDAIN GABE LIZENTZIATU DENEZ GERO, PROGRAMARENTZAKO EZ DAGO INOLAKO GARANTIARIK, APLIKAGARRIA DEN LEGEAK ONARTZEN DUEN NEURRIRARTE. JABEGOA DUTENEK, BESTEREIK IDATZIZ ZEHAZTEN EZ DUTEN +BITARTEAN, PROGRAMA "DEN MODUAN" EMATEN DUTE, INOLAKI GARANTIARIK GABE, EZ ADIERAZITAKOA, EZ SUPOSATUTAKOA, HELBURU ZEHATZ BATERAKO ERABILGARRITASUNA ETA SALTZEARI DAGOZKIONAK BARNE, BAINA EZ HAUETARA MUGATUA. ROGRAMAREN KALITATEARI ETA FUNTZIONAMENDUARI DAGOKION +ARRISKU GUZTIA ZURE GAIN DAGO. PROGRAMA AKATSAK GERTZEN BA DITU, BEHAR DIREN ZERBITZU, KONPONKETA ETA ZUZENKETA GUZTIAK ZURE GAIN EGONGO DIRA. + + + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +APLIKAGARRIAK DIREN LEGEAK BEHARTUTA EDO IDATZIZ ONARTUTA EZBADA, JABEGOA DUEN EDOZEINEK EDO PROGRAMA ALDATU EDO BANATU DUEN BESTE HIRUGARREN BATEK EZIN IZANGO DU INOLAZ ERE ZU EDOZEIN KALTEREN ARDURADUN EGIN, PROGRAMAREN ERABILERAK EDO ERABILI EZINAK ERAGINDAKO +KALTE OROKOR, BEREZI, BAPATEKO EDO ONDORIOAK BARNE (ZU EDO BESTE BATEK JASANDAKO DATUEN GALERA EDO HAUEN TRATAMENDU OKERRA EDO BESTE PROGRAMA BATEKIN ELKARLANEAN IBILTZEAN GERTATUTAKO EDOZEIN AKATS +BARNE, BAINA EZ HAUETARA MUGATUA), KALTE HORIEN POSIBILITATEZ ABISUAREN GAIN EGONDA ERE. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +<para> + +BALDINTZEN BUKAERA + +</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1><title>Nola aplikatu baldintza hauek zure Programa berriei</title> +<para> + +Programa berri bat egiten baduzu, eta publiko zabalean erabilera +ahalik eta handienekoa izatea nahi baldin baduzu, baldintza hauen +pean edozeinek banatu eta aldatu dezakeen software askea egitea +hoberena da. + +</para><para> + +Hau egiteko, programan hurrengo abisuak jarri. Garantia eza argi +uzteko da abisua iturburu fitxategi guztien hasieran jartzea +seguruagoa da; eta fitxategi bakoitzak gutxienez "copyright" lerroa +eta abisu guztia dagoen lekurako esteka bat izan beharko luke. + +</para><para> + +lerro bat programaren izena eta egiten duenaren ideia laburr + +</para><para> + +Copyright (C) urtea egilearen izena + + +</para><para> + +Programa hau software askea da; "Free Software Foundation"-ek +argitaratutako "GNU General Public License"-ak adierazten duen +baldintzapetan banatu eta/edo aldatu dezakezu, bai Lizentziaren 2. +bertsioa edo beste hurrengoko edozein. + +</para><para> + +Programa hau erabilgarria izango delakoan banatzen da, baina +INOLAKO GARANTIARIK GABE; ez eta HELBURU ZEHATZ BATERAKO +ERABILGARRITASUNA ETA SALTZEARI suposatu litezkeenak. Zehaztasun gehiagorako "GNU General Public License"-a irakurri. + +</para><para> + +"GNU General Public License"-ren kopia bat jaso behar izango +zenuke programarekin batera. Horrela ez bada izan hurrengo helbidera +idatzi: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, +Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + +</para><para> + +Baita ere, posta elektronikoz eta arruntaz zu nola kontaktatu +zehaztu. + +</para><para> + +Programa elkarreragilea bada, modu honetan hasten denean honelako +abisu labur bat erakustaraziozu: + +</para><para> + +Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) urtea Egilearen izena + +</para><para> + +Gnomovision INOLAKO GARANTIARIK GABE DATOR; zehaztasun gehiago ikusteko sakatu 'show w'. + +</para><para> + +Hau software askea da, eta banatzea zenbait baldintzapetan +onartuta dago; zehaztasun gehiago ikusteko sakatu 'show c'. + +</para><para> + +'show w' eta 'show c' ustezko komandoak "General Public License"-aren +atal egokiak erakutsi beharko lukete. Noski, erabiltzen dituzun +komandoak beste era batera izendatu dezakezu, arratoi klik bat, menu +atal bat edo zure programarekin bat datorren edozein gauza izan +daitezke ere. + +</para><para> + +Baita ere, programatzaile moduan lan egiten baduzu, zure +arduradunaren edo zure eskolaren, baldin badago, programaren +jabegoaren ezeztatze bat sinarazi beharko zenuke, behar baldin bada. +Hemen adibidea, izenak aldatu: + +</para><para> + + Yoyodyne, Inc., honen bitartez, James Hacker-ek idatzitako (make-k +konpilatzailera pasatzen duena) `Gnomovision' programan jabego +interes guztiak bertan bera uzten ditu. + +</para><para> + +Ty Coon-en sinadura, 1 April 1989 + +</para><para> + +Ty Coon, Vice-ko Lehendakaria + +</para><para> + +"General Public License" honek ez du zure programa bestelako programa +jabedunetara gehitzea baimentzen. Zure programa azpierrutinen +liburutegi bat baldin bada, aplikazio jabedunek zure errutinari +lotzea erabilgarriagoa kontsideratu beharko zenuke. Hau bada egin +nahi duzuna erabili behar duzuna "GNU Library General Public License" +da, lizentzia honen ordez. + +</para> + </sect1> +</appendix> diff --git a/eu/appendix/random-bits.xml b/eu/appendix/random-bits.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25a2d8a4a --- /dev/null +++ b/eu/appendix/random-bits.xml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 11648 untranslated --> + +<appendix id="appendix"><title>Random Bits</title> + +&example-preseed.xml; +&files.xml; +&chroot-install.xml; + +</appendix> |