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diff --git a/en/partitioning/tree.xml b/en/partitioning/tree.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2644a694f --- /dev/null +++ b/en/partitioning/tree.xml @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect1 id="directory-tree"> + <title>The Directory Tree</title> +<para> + +&debian; adheres to the +<ulink url="&url-fhs-home;">Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</ulink> +for directory and file naming. This standard allows users and software +programs to predict the location of files and directories. The root +level directory is represented simply by the slash +<filename>/</filename>. At the root level, all Debian systems include +these directories: + +<informaltable> +<tgroup cols="2"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Directory</entry><entry>Content</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>bin</filename></entry> + <entry>Essential command binaries</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>boot</filename></entry> + <entry>Static files of the boot loader</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>dev</filename></entry> + <entry>Device files</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>etc</filename></entry> + <entry>Host-specific system configuration</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>home</filename></entry> + <entry>User home directories</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>lib</filename></entry> + <entry>Essential shared libraries and kernel modules</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>media</filename></entry> + <entry>Contains mount points for replaceable media</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mnt</filename></entry> + <entry>Mount point for mounting a file system temporarily</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>proc</filename></entry> + <entry>Virtual directory for system information (2.4 and 2.6 kernels)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>root</filename></entry> + <entry>Home directory for the root user</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sbin</filename></entry> + <entry>Essential system binaries</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sys</filename></entry> + <entry>Virtual directory for system information (2.6 kernels)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>tmp</filename></entry> + <entry>Temporary files</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>usr</filename></entry> + <entry>Secondary hierarchy</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>var</filename></entry> + <entry>Variable data</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>opt</filename></entry> + <entry>Add-on application software packages</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> +</para> + +<para> + +The following is a list of important considerations regarding +directories and partitions. Note that disk usage varies widely given +system configuration and specific usage patterns. The recommendations +here are general guidelines and provide a starting point for +partitioning. + +</para> +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +The root partition <filename>/</filename> must always physically +contain <filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>/bin</filename>, +<filename>/sbin</filename>, <filename>/lib</filename> and +<filename>/dev</filename>, otherwise you won't be able to boot. +Typically 150–250 MB is needed for the root partition. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>/usr</filename>: contains all user programs +(<filename>/usr/bin</filename>), libraries +(<filename>/usr/lib</filename>), documentation +(<filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>), etc. +This is the part of the file system that generally takes up most space. +You should provide at least 500 MB of disk space. This amount should +be increased depending on the number and type of packages you plan +to install. A generous workstation or server installation should allow +4-6 GB. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>/var</filename>: variable data like news articles, e-mails, +web sites, databases, the packaging system cache, etc. will be placed +under this directory. The size of this directory depends greatly on +the usage of your system, but for most people will be dictated by +the package management tool's overhead. If you are going to do a full +installation of just about everything Debian has to offer, all in one +session, setting aside 2 or 3 gigabyte of space for +<filename>/var</filename> should be sufficient. If you are going to +install in pieces (that is to say, install services and utilities, +followed by text stuff, then X, ...), you can get away with 300–500 +MB. If hard drive space is at a premium and you don't plan on doing +major system updates, you can get by with as little as 30 or 40 MB. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>/tmp</filename>: temporary data created by programs will +most likely go in this directory. 40–100 MB should usually +be enough. Some applications — including archive manipulators, +CD/DVD authoring tools, and multimedia software — may use +<filename>/tmp</filename> to temporarily store image files. If you +plan to use such applications, you should adjust the space available +in <filename>/tmp</filename> accordingly. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>/home</filename>: every user will put his personal data +into a subdirectory of this directory. Its size depends on how many +users will be using the system and what files are to be stored in +their directories. Depending on your planned usage you should reserve +about 100 MB for each user, but adapt this value to your needs. Reserve +a lot more space if you plan to save a lot of multimedia files (MP3, movies) +in your home directory. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + + </sect1> |