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| author | Holger Wansing <hwansing@mailbox.org> | 2022-03-06 11:20:40 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Holger Wansing <hwansing@mailbox.org> | 2022-03-06 11:20:40 +0100 |
| commit | 9c49b42e66e31b171b3ed405dfbd80033bef8908 (patch) | |
| tree | 34cd5226130bfe5da74cd40172aadd62b8795222 /po/id/using-d-i.po | |
| parent | c24b4c364aa302e00a9ac0b1669383060685c7e6 (diff) | |
| download | installation-guide-9c49b42e66e31b171b3ed405dfbd80033bef8908.zip | |
Add po translation files for Indonesian
Diffstat (limited to 'po/id/using-d-i.po')
| -rw-r--r-- | po/id/using-d-i.po | 4297 |
1 files changed, 4297 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/po/id/using-d-i.po b/po/id/using-d-i.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0874c36ab --- /dev/null +++ b/po/id/using-d-i.po @@ -0,0 +1,4297 @@ +# Translation of the Debian installation-guide into Indonesian. +# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual_administrivia\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-11-26 23:02+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" +"Language-Team: Debian Indonesia Translators <debian-l10n-indonesian@lists." +"debian.org>\n" +"Language: id\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:5 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Using the &debian; Installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:7 +#, no-c-format +msgid "How the Installer Works" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:9 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a " +"graphical one and a text-based one. The graphical interface is used by " +"default unless you select an <quote>Install</quote> option in the boot menu. " +"For more information about booting the graphical installer, please refer to " +"<xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:17 using-d-i.xml:25 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a " +"text-based one and a graphical one. The text-based interface is used by " +"default unless you select an <quote>Graphical install</quote> option in the " +"boot menu. For more information about booting the graphical installer, " +"please refer to <xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:33 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For this architecture the installer uses a text-based user interface. A " +"graphical user interface is currently not available." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:38 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The &debian; Installer consists of a number of special-purpose components to " +"perform each installation task. Each component performs its task, asking the " +"user questions as necessary to do its job. The questions themselves are " +"given priorities, and the priority of questions to be asked is set when the " +"installer is started." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:46 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When a default installation is performed, only essential (high priority) " +"questions will be asked. This results in a highly automated installation " +"process with little user interaction. Components are automatically run in " +"sequence; which components are run depends mainly on the installation method " +"you use and on your hardware. The installer will use default values for " +"questions that are not asked." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:55 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If there is a problem, the user will see an error screen, and the installer " +"menu may be shown in order to select some alternative action. If there are " +"no problems, the user will never see the installer menu, but will simply " +"answer questions for each component in turn. Serious error notifications are " +"set to priority <quote>critical</quote> so the user will always be notified." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:64 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some of the defaults that the installer uses can be influenced by passing " +"boot arguments when &d-i; is started. If, for example, you wish to force " +"static network configuration (IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP are used by " +"default if available), you could add the boot parameter <userinput>netcfg/" +"disable_autoconfig=true</userinput>. See <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/> " +"for available options." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:73 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Power users may be more comfortable with a menu-driven interface, where each " +"step is controlled by the user rather than the installer performing each " +"step automatically in sequence. To use the installer in a manual, menu-" +"driven way, add the boot argument <userinput>priority=medium</userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:81 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If your hardware requires you to pass options to kernel modules as they are " +"installed, you will need to start the installer in <quote>expert</quote> " +"mode. This can be done by either using the <command>expert</command> command " +"to start the installer or by adding the boot argument " +"<userinput>priority=low</userinput>. Expert mode gives you full control over " +"&d-i;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:90 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In the text-based environment the use of a mouse is not supported. Here are " +"the keys you can use to navigate within the various dialogs. The " +"<keycap>Tab</keycap> or <keycap>right</keycap> arrow keys move " +"<quote>forward</quote>, and the <keycombo> <keycap>Shift</keycap> " +"<keycap>Tab</keycap> </keycombo> or <keycap>left</keycap> arrow keys move " +"<quote>backward</quote> between displayed buttons and selections. The " +"<keycap>up</keycap> and <keycap>down</keycap> arrow select different items " +"within a scrollable list, and also scroll the list itself. In addition, in " +"long lists, you can type a letter to cause the list to scroll directly to " +"the section with items starting with the letter you typed and use <keycap>Pg-" +"Up</keycap> and <keycap>Pg-Down</keycap> to scroll the list in sections. The " +"<keycap>space bar</keycap> selects an item such as a checkbox. Use " +"&enterkey; to activate choices." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:107 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some dialogs may offer additional help information. If help is available " +"this will be indicated on the bottom line of the screen by displaying that " +"help information can be accessed by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:113 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"S/390 does not support virtual consoles. You may open a second and third ssh " +"session to view the logs described below." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:118 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Error messages and logs are redirected to the fourth console. You can access " +"this console by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</" +"keycap></keycombo> (hold the left <keycap>Alt</keycap> key while pressing " +"the <keycap>F4</keycap> function key); get back to the main installer " +"process with <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></" +"keycombo>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:128 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"These messages can also be found in <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. " +"After installation, this log is copied to <filename>/var/log/installer/" +"syslog</filename> on your new system. Other installation messages may be " +"found in <filename>/var/log/</filename> during the installation, and " +"<filename>/var/log/installer/</filename> after the computer has been booted " +"into the installed system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:141 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Using the graphical installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:142 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The graphical installer basically works the same as the text-based installer " +"and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide you through the " +"installation process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:148 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you " +"need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection " +"of countries within continents), you can use the <keycap>+</keycap> and " +"<keycap>-</keycap> keys. For questions where more than one item can be " +"selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the &BTN-CONT; " +"button after making your selections; hitting enter will toggle a selection, " +"not activate &BTN-CONT;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:158 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If a dialog offers additional help information, a <guibutton>Help</" +"guibutton> button will be displayed. The help information can be accessed " +"either by activating the button or by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:164 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To switch to another console, you will also need to use the <keycap>Ctrl</" +"keycap> key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT2 " +"(the first debug shell) you would use: <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> " +"<keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F2</keycap> </keycombo>. The graphical " +"installer itself runs on VT5, so you can use <keycombo> <keycap>Left Alt</" +"keycap> <keycap>F5</keycap> </keycombo> to switch back." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:178 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Components Introduction" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:179 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Here is a list of installer components with a brief description of each " +"component's purpose. Details you might need to know about using a particular " +"component are in <xref linkend=\"module-details\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:190 +#, no-c-format +msgid "main-menu" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:190 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Shows the list of components to the user during installer operation, and " +"starts a component when it is selected. Main-menu's questions are set to " +"priority medium, so if your priority is set to high or critical (high is the " +"default), you will not see the menu. On the other hand, if there is an error " +"which requires your intervention, the question priority may be downgraded " +"temporarily to allow you to resolve the problem, and in that case the menu " +"may appear." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:200 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You can get to the main menu by selecting the &BTN-GOBACK; button repeatedly " +"to back all the way out of the currently running component." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:209 +#, no-c-format +msgid "localechooser" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:209 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Allows the user to select localization options for the installation and the " +"installed system: language, country and locales. The installer will display " +"messages in the selected language, unless the translation for that language " +"is not complete in which case some messages may be shown in English." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:221 +#, no-c-format +msgid "console-setup" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:221 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Shows a list of keyboard (layouts), from which the user chooses the one " +"which matches his own model." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:230 +#, no-c-format +msgid "hw-detect" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:230 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Automatically detects most of the system's hardware, including network " +"cards, disk drives, and PCMCIA." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:239 +#, no-c-format +msgid "cdrom-detect" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:239 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Looks for and mounts a &debian; installation media." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:247 +#, no-c-format +msgid "netcfg" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:247 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Configures the computer's network connections so it can communicate over the " +"internet." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:256 +#, no-c-format +msgid "iso-scan" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:256 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Searches for ISO images (<filename>.iso</filename> files) on hard drives." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:264 +#, no-c-format +msgid "choose-mirror" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:264 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Presents a list of &debian; archive mirrors. The user may choose the source " +"of his installation packages." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:273 +#, no-c-format +msgid "cdrom-checker" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:273 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Checks integrity of installation media. This way, the user may assure him/" +"herself that the installation image was not corrupted." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:282 +#, no-c-format +msgid "lowmem" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:282 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Lowmem tries to detect systems with low memory and then does various tricks " +"to remove unnecessary parts of &d-i; from the memory (at the cost of some " +"features)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:292 +#, no-c-format +msgid "anna" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:292 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Anna's Not Nearly APT. Installs packages which have been retrieved from the " +"chosen mirror or installation media." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:301 +#, no-c-format +msgid "user-setup" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:301 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Sets up the root password, and adds a non-root user." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:309 +#, no-c-format +msgid "clock-setup" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:309 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Updates the system clock and determines whether the clock is set to UTC or " +"not." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:318 +#, no-c-format +msgid "tzsetup" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:318 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Selects the time zone, based on the location selected earlier." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:326 +#, no-c-format +msgid "partman" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:326 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system, create file " +"systems on the selected partitions, and attach them to the mountpoints. " +"Included are also interesting features like a fully automatic mode or LVM " +"support. This is the preferred partitioning tool in &debian;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:338 +#, no-c-format +msgid "partitioner" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:338 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system. A partitioning " +"program appropriate to your computer's architecture is chosen." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:348 +#, no-c-format +msgid "partconf" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:348 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Displays a list of partitions, and creates file systems on the selected " +"partitions according to user instructions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:357 +#, no-c-format +msgid "partman-lvm" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:357 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Helps the user with the configuration of the <firstterm>LVM</firstterm> " +"(Logical Volume Manager)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:366 +#, no-c-format +msgid "partman-md" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:366 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Allows the user to set up Software <firstterm>RAID</firstterm> (Redundant " +"Array of Inexpensive Disks). This Software RAID is usually superior to the " +"cheap IDE (pseudo hardware) RAID controllers found on newer motherboards." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:377 +#, no-c-format +msgid "base-installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:377 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Installs the most basic set of packages which would allow the computer to " +"operate under &debian-gnu; when rebooted." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:386 +#, no-c-format +msgid "apt-setup" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:386 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Configures apt, mostly automatically, based on what media the installer is " +"running from." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:395 +#, no-c-format +msgid "pkgsel" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:395 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Uses <classname>tasksel</classname> to select and install additional " +"software." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:403 +#, no-c-format +msgid "os-prober" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:403 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Detects currently installed operating systems on the computer and passes " +"this information to the bootloader-installer, which may offer you an ability " +"to add discovered operating systems to the bootloader's start menu. This way " +"the user could easily choose at the boot time which operating system to " +"start." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:415 +#, no-c-format +msgid "bootloader-installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:415 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The various bootloader installers each install a boot loader program on the " +"hard disk, which is necessary for the computer to start up using &arch-" +"kernel; without using a USB stick or CD-ROM. Many boot loaders allow the " +"user to choose an alternate operating system each time the computer boots." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:426 +#, no-c-format +msgid "shell" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:426 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Allows the user to execute a shell from the menu, or in the second console." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:435 +#, no-c-format +msgid "save-logs" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:435 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Provides a way for the user to record information on a USB stick, network, " +"hard disk, or other media when trouble is encountered, in order to " +"accurately report installer software problems to &debian; developers later." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:453 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Using Individual Components" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:454 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In this section we will describe each installer component in detail. The " +"components have been grouped into stages that should be recognizable for " +"users. They are presented in the order they appear during the install. Note " +"that not all modules will be used for every installation; which modules are " +"actually used depends on the installation method you use and on your " +"hardware." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:466 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting up &debian; Installer and Hardware Configuration" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:467 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Let's assume the &debian; Installer has booted and you are facing its first " +"screen. At this time, the capabilities of &d-i; are still quite limited. It " +"doesn't know much about your hardware, preferred language, or even the task " +"it should perform. Don't worry. Because &d-i; is quite clever, it can " +"automatically probe your hardware, locate the rest of its components and " +"upgrade itself to a capable installation system. However, you still need to " +"help &d-i; with some information it can't determine automatically (like " +"selecting your preferred language, keyboard layout or desired network " +"mirror)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:480 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You will notice that &d-i; performs <firstterm>hardware detection</" +"firstterm> several times during this stage. The first time is targeted " +"specifically at the hardware needed to load installer components (e.g. your " +"CD-ROM or network card). As not all drivers may be available during this " +"first run, hardware detection needs to be repeated later in the process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:488 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"During hardware detection &d-i; checks if any of the drivers for the " +"hardware devices in your system require firmware to be loaded. If any " +"firmware is requested but unavailable, a dialog will be displayed that " +"allows the missing firmware to be loaded from a removable medium. See <xref " +"linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/> for further details." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:503 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Check available memory / low memory mode" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:505 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One of the first things &d-i; does, is to check available memory. If the " +"available memory is limited, this component will make some changes in the " +"installation process which hopefully will allow you to install &debian-gnu; " +"on your system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:512 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The first measure taken to reduce memory consumption by the installer is to " +"disable translations, which means that the installation can only be done in " +"English. Of course, you can still localize the installed system after the " +"installation has completed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:519 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If that is not sufficient, the installer will further reduce memory " +"consumption by loading only those components essential to complete a basic " +"installation. This reduces the functionality of the installation system. You " +"will be given the opportunity to load additional components manually, but " +"you should be aware that each component you select will use additional " +"memory and thus may cause the installation to fail." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:528 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the installer runs in low memory mode, it is recommended to create a " +"relatively large swap partition (64–128MB). The swap partition will be " +"used as virtual memory and thus increases the amount of memory available to " +"the system. The installer will activate the swap partition as early as " +"possible in the installation process. Note that heavy use of swap will " +"reduce performance of your system and may lead to high disk activity." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:538 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Despite these measures, it is still possible that your system freezes, that " +"unexpected errors occur or that processes are killed by the kernel because " +"the system runs out of memory (which will result in <quote>Out of memory</" +"quote> messages on VT4 and in the syslog)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:545 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For example, it has been reported that creating a big ext3 file system fails " +"in low memory mode when there is insufficient swap space. If a larger swap " +"doesn't help, try creating the file system as ext2 (which is an essential " +"component of the installer) instead. It is possible to change an ext2 " +"partition to ext3 after the installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:553 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"It is possible to force the installer to use a higher lowmem level than the " +"one based on available memory by using the boot parameter <quote>lowmem</" +"quote> as described in <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:568 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Selecting Localization Options" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:570 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In most cases the first questions you will be asked concern the selection of " +"localization options to be used both for the installation and for the " +"installed system. The localization options consist of language, location and " +"locales." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:577 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The language you choose will be used for the rest of the installation " +"process, provided a translation of the different dialogs is available. If no " +"valid translation is available for the selected language, the installer will " +"default to English." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:584 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The selected geographic location (in most cases a country) will be used " +"later in the installation process to select the correct time zone and a " +"&debian; mirror appropriate for that country. Language and country together " +"will help determine the default locale for your system and select the " +"correct keyboard layout." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:592 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You will first be asked to select your preferred language. The language " +"names are listed both in English (left side) and in the language itself " +"(right side); the names on the right side are also shown in the proper " +"script for the language. The list is sorted on the English names. At the top " +"of the list is an extra option that allows you to select the <quote>C</" +"quote> locale instead of a language. Choosing the <quote>C</quote> locale " +"will result in the installation proceding in English; the installed system " +"will have no localization support as the <classname>locales</classname> " +"package will not be installed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:604 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next you will be asked to select your geographic location. If you selected a " +"language that is recognized as an official language for more than one " +"country<footnote> <para> In technical terms: where multiple locales exist " +"for that language with differing country codes. </para> </footnote>, you " +"will be shown a list of only those countries. To select a country that is " +"not in that list, choose <guimenuitem>other</guimenuitem> (the last option). " +"You will then be presented with a list of continents; selecting a continent " +"will lead to a list of relevant countries on that continent." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:621 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the language has only one country associated with it, a list of countries " +"will be displayed for the continent or region the country belongs to, with " +"that country selected as the default. Use the <guibutton>Go Back</guibutton> " +"option to select countries on a different continent." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:628 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"It is important to select the country where you live or where you are " +"located as it determines the time zone that will be configured for the " +"installed system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:634 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you selected a combination of language and country for which no locale is " +"defined and there exist multiple locales for the language, then the " +"installer will allow you to choose which of those locales you prefer as the " +"default locale for the installed system<footnote> <para> At medium and low " +"priority you can always select your preferred locale from those available " +"for the selected language (if there's more than one). </para> </footnote>. " +"In all other cases a default locale will be selected based on the selected " +"language and country." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:649 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Any default locale selected as described in the previous paragraph will use " +"<firstterm>UTF-8</firstterm> as character encoding." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:654 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing at low priority, you will have the option of selecting " +"additional locales, including so-called <quote>legacy</quote> " +"locales<footnote> <para> Legacy locales are locales which do not use UTF-8, " +"but one of the older standards for character encoding such as " +"ISO 8859-1 (used by West European languages) or EUC-JP (used by " +"Japanese). </para> </footnote>, to be generated for the installed system; if " +"you do, you will be asked which of the selected locales should be the " +"default for the installed system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:678 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Choosing a Keyboard" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:680 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Keyboards are often tailored to the characters used in a language. Select a " +"layout that conforms to the keyboard you are using, or select something " +"close if the keyboard layout you want isn't represented. Once the system " +"installation is complete, you'll be able to select a keyboard layout from a " +"wider range of choices (run <command>dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-" +"configuration</command> as root after you have completed the installation)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:690 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Move the highlight to the keyboard selection you desire and press " +"&enterkey;. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight — they are in the " +"same place in all national language keyboard layouts, so they are " +"independent of the keyboard configuration." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:717 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Looking for the &debian; Installer ISO Image" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:718 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When installing via the <emphasis>hd-media</emphasis> method, there will be " +"a moment where you need to find and mount the &debian; Installer iso image " +"in order to get the rest of the installation files. The component " +"<command>iso-scan</command> does exactly this." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:725 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At first, <command>iso-scan</command> automatically mounts all block devices " +"(e.g. partitions and logical volumes) which have some known filesystem on " +"them and sequentially searches for filenames ending with <filename>.iso</" +"filename> (or <filename>.ISO</filename> for that matter). Beware that the " +"first attempt scans only files in the root directory and in the first level " +"of subdirectories (i.e. it finds <filename>/<replaceable>whatever</" +"replaceable>.iso</filename>, <filename>/data/<replaceable>whatever</" +"replaceable>.iso</filename>, but not <filename>/data/tmp/" +"<replaceable>whatever</replaceable>.iso</filename>). After an iso image has " +"been found, <command>iso-scan</command> checks its content to determine if " +"the image is a valid &debian; iso image or not. In the former case we are " +"done, in the latter <command>iso-scan</command> seeks for another image." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:742 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In case the previous attempt to find an installer iso image fails, " +"<command>iso-scan</command> will ask you whether you would like to perform a " +"more thorough search. This pass doesn't just look into the topmost " +"directories, but really traverses whole filesystem." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:749 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If <command>iso-scan</command> does not discover your installer iso image, " +"reboot back to your original operating system and check if the image is " +"named correctly (ending in <filename>.iso</filename>), if it is placed on a " +"filesystem recognizable by &d-i;, and if it is not corrupted (verify the " +"checksum). Experienced Unix users could do this without rebooting on the " +"second console." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:758 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that the partition (or disk) hosting the ISO image can't be reused " +"during the installation process as it will be in use by the installer. To " +"work-around this, and provided that you have enough system memory, the " +"installer can copy the ISO image into RAM before mounting it. This is " +"controlled by the low priority <literal>iso-scan/copy_iso_to_ram</literal> " +"debconf question (it is only asked if the memory requirement is met)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:779 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring the Network" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:781 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As you enter this step, if the system detects that you have more than one " +"network device, you'll be asked to choose which device will be your " +"<emphasis>primary</emphasis> network interface, i.e. the one which you want " +"to use for installation. The other interfaces won't be configured at this " +"time. You may configure additional interfaces after installation is " +"complete; see the <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle> " +"<manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> man page." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:795 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Automatic network configuration" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:796 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By default, &d-i; tries to configure your computer's network automatically " +"as far as possible. If the automatic configuration fails, that may be caused " +"by many factors ranging from an unplugged network cable to missing " +"infrastructure for automatic configuration. For further explanation in case " +"of errors, check the error messages on the fourth console. In any case, you " +"will be asked if you want to retry, or if you want to perform a manual " +"setup. Sometimes the network services used for autoconfiguration can be slow " +"in their responses, so if you are sure everything is in place, simply start " +"the autoconfiguration attempt again. If autoconfiguration fails repeatedly, " +"you can instead choose the manual network setup." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:815 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Manual network configuration" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:816 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The manual network setup in turn asks you a number of questions about your " +"network, notably <computeroutput>IP address</computeroutput>, " +"<computeroutput>Netmask</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Gateway</" +"computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Name server addresses</computeroutput>, and " +"a <computeroutput>Hostname</computeroutput>. Moreover, if you have a " +"wireless network interface, you will be asked to provide your " +"<computeroutput>Wireless ESSID</computeroutput> (<quote>wireless network " +"name</quote>) and a <computeroutput>WEP key</computeroutput> or " +"<computeroutput>WPA/WPA2 passphrase</computeroutput>. Fill in the answers " +"from <xref linkend=\"needed-info\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:832 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some technical details you might, or might not, find handy: the program " +"assumes the network IP address is the bitwise-AND of your system's IP " +"address and your netmask. The default broadcast address is calculated as the " +"bitwise OR of your system's IP address with the bitwise negation of the " +"netmask. It will also guess your gateway. If you can't find any of these " +"answers, use the offered defaults — if necessary, you can change them " +"by editing <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> once the system has " +"been installed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:847 +#, no-c-format +msgid "IPv4 and IPv6" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:848 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"From &debian-gnu; 7.0 (<quote>Wheezy</quote>) onwards, &d-i; supports IPv6 " +"as well as the <quote>classic</quote> IPv4. All combinations of IPv4 and " +"IPv6 (IPv4-only, IPv6-only and dual-stack configurations) are supported." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:854 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Autoconfiguration for IPv4 is done via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration " +"Protocol). Autoconfiguration for IPv6 supports stateless autoconfiguration " +"using NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol, including recursive DNS server " +"(RDNSS) assignment), stateful autoconfiguration via DHCPv6 and mixed " +"stateless/stateful autoconfiguration (address configuration via NDP, " +"additional parameters via DHCPv6)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:898 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting Up Users And Passwords" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:899 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Just before configuring the clock, the installer will allow you to set up " +"the <quote>root</quote> account and/or an account for the first user. Other " +"user accounts can be created after the installation has been completed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:913 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Set the Root Password" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:915 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <emphasis>root</emphasis> account is also called the <emphasis>super-" +"user</emphasis>; it is a login that bypasses all security protection on your " +"system. The root account should only be used to perform system " +"administration, and only used for as short a time as possible." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:923 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Any password you create should contain at least 6 characters, and should " +"contain both upper- and lower-case characters, as well as punctuation " +"characters. Take extra care when setting your root password, since it is " +"such a powerful account. Avoid dictionary words or use of any personal " +"information which could be guessed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:931 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If anyone ever tells you they need your root password, be extremely wary. " +"You should normally never give your root password out, unless you are " +"administering a machine with more than one system administrator." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:937 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In case you do not specify a password for the <quote>root</quote> user here, " +"this account will be disabled but the <command>sudo</command> package will " +"be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the " +"new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed " +"to use the <command>sudo</command> command to become root." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:949 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Create an Ordinary User" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:951 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The system will ask you whether you wish to create an ordinary user account " +"at this point. This account should be your main personal log-in. You should " +"<emphasis>not</emphasis> use the root account for daily use or as your " +"personal login." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:960 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Why not? Well, one reason to avoid using root's privileges is that it is " +"very easy to do irreparable damage as root. Another reason is that you might " +"be tricked into running a <emphasis>Trojan-horse</emphasis> program — " +"that is a program that takes advantage of your super-user powers to " +"compromise the security of your system behind your back. Any good book on " +"Unix system administration will cover this topic in more detail — " +"consider reading one if it is new to you." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:970 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You will first be prompted for the user's full name. Then you'll be asked " +"for a name for the user account; generally your first name or something " +"similar will suffice and indeed will be the default. Finally, you will be " +"prompted for a password for this account." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:977 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If at any point after installation you would like to create another account, " +"use the <command>adduser</command> command." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:992 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring the Clock and Time Zone" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:994 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installer will first attempt to connect to a time server on the Internet " +"(using the <firstterm>NTP</firstterm> protocol) in order to correctly set " +"the system time. If this does not succeed, the installer will assume the " +"time and date obtained from the system clock when the installation system " +"was booted are correct. It is not possible to manually set the system time " +"during the installation process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1003 +#, no-c-format +msgid "The installer does not modify the system clock on the S/390 platform." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1016 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Depending on the location selected earlier in the installation process, you " +"may be shown a list of time zones relevant for that location. If your " +"location has only one time zone and you are doing a default installation, " +"you will not be asked anything and the system will assume that time zone." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1024 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In expert mode or when installing at medium priority, you will have the " +"additional option to select <quote>Coordinated Universal Time</quote> (UTC) " +"as time zone." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1030 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If for some reason you wish to set a time zone for the installed system that " +"does <emphasis>not</emphasis> match the selected location, there are two " +"options." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1041 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The simplest option is to just select a different time zone after the " +"installation has been completed and you've booted into the new system. The " +"command to do this is:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: using-d-i.xml:1047 +#, no-c-format +msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1053 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Alternatively, the time zone can be set at the very start of the " +"installation by passing the parameter <userinput>time/" +"zone=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput> when you boot the " +"installation system. The value should of course be a valid time zone, for " +"example <userinput>Europe/London</userinput> or <userinput>UTC</userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1067 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For automated installations the time zone can be set to any desired value " +"using preseeding." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1080 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Partitioning and Mount Point Selection" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1081 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At this time, after hardware detection has been executed a final time, &d-i; " +"should be at its full strength, customized for the user's needs and ready to " +"do some real work. As the title of this section indicates, the main task of " +"the next few components lies in partitioning your disks, creating " +"filesystems, assigning mountpoints and optionally configuring closely " +"related options like RAID, LVM or encrypted devices." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1102 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are uncomfortable with partitioning, or just want to know more " +"details, see <xref linkend=\"partitioning\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1108 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If a hard disk has previously used under Solaris, the partitioner may not " +"detect the size of the drive correctly. Creating a new partition table does " +"not fix this issue. What does help, is to <quote>zero</quote> the first few " +"sectors of the drive: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable> bs=512 count=2; " +"sync\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Note that this will make any existing data on " +"that disk inaccessible." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1121 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"First you will be given the opportunity to automatically partition either an " +"entire drive, or available free space on a drive. This is also called " +"<quote>guided</quote> partitioning. If you do not want to autopartition, " +"choose <guimenuitem>Manual</guimenuitem> from the menu." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1131 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Supported partitioning options" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1132 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The partitioner used in &d-i; is fairly versatile. It allows to create many " +"different partitioning schemes, using various partition tables, file systems " +"and advanced block devices." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1138 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Exactly which options are available depends mainly on the architecture, but " +"also on other factors. For example, on systems with limited internal memory " +"some options may not be available. Defaults may vary as well. The type of " +"partition table used by default can for example be different for large " +"capacity hard disks than for smaller hard disks. Some options can only be " +"changed when installing at medium or low debconf priority; at higher " +"priorities sensible defaults will be used." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1149 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installer supports various forms of advanced partitioning and use of " +"storage devices, which in many cases can be used in combination." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1156 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Logical Volume Management (LVM)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1159 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Software RAID" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1160 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1164 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Encryption" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1166 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<emphasis>Serial ATA RAID</emphasis> (using <classname>dmraid</classname>)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1168 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Also called <quote>fake RAID</quote> or <quote>BIOS RAID</quote>. Support " +"for Serial ATA RAID is currently only available if enabled when the " +"installer is booted. Further information is available on <ulink url=\"&url-d-" +"i-sataraid;\">our Wiki</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1174 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>Multipath</emphasis> (experimental)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1176 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"See <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-multipath;\">our Wiki</ulink> for information. " +"Support for multipath is currently only available if enabled when the " +"installer is booted." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1183 +#, no-c-format +msgid "The following file systems are supported." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1188 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<phrase arch=\"arm;mipsel;mips64el\"><emphasis>ext2r0</emphasis>,</phrase> " +"<emphasis>ext2</emphasis>, <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext3</" +"emphasis>,</phrase> <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext4</emphasis></" +"phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1193 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The default file system selected in most cases is ext4; for <filename>/boot</" +"filename> partitions ext2 will be selected by default when guided " +"partitioning is used." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1198 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>jfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1202 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>ufs</emphasis>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1203 +#, no-c-format +msgid "The default file system is UFS." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1206 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>xfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1210 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>zfs</emphasis>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1211 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As ZFS support in the installer is still in development, only a basic subset " +"of ZFS features are supported. Some of them can be enabled manually after " +"the initial install, but there are some caveats:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1216 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Each ZFS pool will host only one filesystem. After install is finished, more " +"filesystems can be created on this pool by using the <quote>zfs create</" +"quote> command." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1221 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Each ZFS pool will be composed of exactly one partition. After install is " +"finished, a single-device ZFS pool can be converted into a multi-device pool " +"by using the <quote>zpool add</quote> command, or into a mirrored pool by " +"using the <quote>zpool attach</quote> command. However, you shouldn't do " +"this on the pool that hosts root filesystem, as it would prevent GRUB from " +"booting your system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1229 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Compression is not currently supported. After the install is finished, " +"compression can be enabled by setting the <quote>compression</quote> " +"property via the <quote>zfs set</quote> command. However, if a compression " +"algorithm other than the default (lzjb) is used on the pool that hosts your " +"root filesystem, this may prevent GRUB from booting your system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1238 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<emphasis>reiserfs</emphasis> (optional; not available on all architectures)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1240 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Support for the Reiser file system is no longer available by default. When " +"the installer is running at medium or low debconf priority it can be enabled " +"by selecting the <classname>partman-reiserfs</classname> component. Only " +"version 3 of the file system is supported." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1247 +#, no-c-format +msgid "jffs2" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1248 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Used on some systems to read flash memory. It is not possible to create new " +"jffs2 partitions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: emphasis +#: using-d-i.xml:1253 +#, no-c-format +msgid "qnx4" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1254 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Existing partitions will be recognized and it is possible to assign mount " +"points for them. It is not possible to create new qnx4 partitions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1258 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>FAT16</emphasis>, <emphasis>FAT32</emphasis>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1261 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<emphasis>NTFS</emphasis> (read-only)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1263 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Existing NTFS partitions can be resized and it is possible to assign mount " +"points for them. It is not possible to create new NTFS partitions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1273 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Guided Partitioning" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1274 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you choose guided partitioning, you may have three options: to create " +"partitions directly on the hard disk (classic method), or to create them " +"using Logical Volume Management (LVM), or to create them using encrypted " +"LVM<footnote> <para> The installer will encrypt the LVM volume group using a " +"256 bit AES key and makes use of the kernel's <quote>dm-crypt</quote> " +"support. </para> </footnote>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1289 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The option to use (encrypted) LVM may not be available on all architectures." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1294 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When using LVM or encrypted LVM, the installer will create most partitions " +"inside one big partition; the advantage of this method is that partitions " +"inside this big partition can be resized relatively easily later. In the " +"case of encrypted LVM the big partition will not be readable without knowing " +"a special key phrase, thus providing extra security of your (personal) data." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1303 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When using encrypted LVM, the installer will also automatically erase the " +"disk by writing random data to it. This further improves security (as it " +"makes it impossible to tell which parts of the disk are in use and also " +"makes sure that any traces of previous installations are erased), but may " +"take some time depending on the size of your disk." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1312 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you choose guided partitioning using LVM or encrypted LVM, some changes " +"in the partition table will need to be written to the selected disk while " +"LVM is being set up. These changes effectively erase all data that is " +"currently on the selected hard disk and you will not be able to undo them " +"later. However, the installer will ask you to confirm these changes before " +"they are written to disk." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1322 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you choose guided partitioning<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> (either classic " +"or using (encrypted) LVM)</phrase> for a whole disk, you will first be asked " +"to select the disk you want to use. Check that all your disks are listed " +"and, if you have several disks, make sure you select the correct one. The " +"order they are listed in may differ from what you are used to. The size of " +"the disks may help to identify them." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1331 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Any data on the disk you select will eventually be lost, but you will always " +"be asked to confirm any changes before they are written to the disk. <phrase " +"arch=\"linux-any\"> If you have selected the classic method of partitioning, " +"you will be able to undo any changes right until the end; when using " +"(encrypted) LVM this is not possible. </phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1341 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next, you will be able to choose from the schemes listed in the table below. " +"All schemes have their pros and cons, some of which are discussed in <xref " +"linkend=\"partitioning\"/>. If you are unsure, choose the first one. Bear in " +"mind that guided partitioning needs a certain minimal amount of free space " +"to operate with. If you don't give it at least about 1GB of space (depends " +"on chosen scheme), guided partitioning will fail." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1357 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Partitioning scheme" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1358 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Minimum space" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1359 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Created partitions" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1365 +#, no-c-format +msgid "All files in one partition" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1366 +#, no-c-format +msgid "600MB" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1367 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>/</filename>, swap" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1369 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Separate /home partition" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1370 +#, no-c-format +msgid "500MB" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1371 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, swap" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1375 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Separate /home, /var and /tmp partitions" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1376 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>1GB</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1377 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, <filename>/var</" +"filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, swap" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1386 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you choose guided partitioning using (encrypted) LVM, the installer will " +"also create a separate <filename>/boot</filename> partition. The other " +"partitions, including the swap partition, will be created inside the LVM " +"partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1392 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you have booted in EFI mode then within the guided partitioning setup " +"there will be an additional partition, formatted as a FAT32 bootable " +"filesystem, for the EFI boot loader. This partition is known as an EFI " +"System Partition (ESP). There is also an additional menu item in the " +"formatting menu to manually set up a partition as an ESP." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1400 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After selecting a scheme, the next screen will show your new partition " +"table, including information on whether and how partitions will be formatted " +"and where they will be mounted." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1406 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The list of partitions might look like this: <informalexample><screen>\n" +" SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 6.4 GB WDC AC36400L\n" +" #1 primary 16.4 MB B f ext2 /boot\n" +" #2 primary 551.0 MB swap swap\n" +" #3 primary 5.8 GB ntfs\n" +" pri/log 8.2 MB FREE SPACE\n" +"\n" +" SCSI2 (1,0,0) (sdb) - 80.0 GB ST380021A\n" +" #1 primary 15.9 MB ext3\n" +" #2 primary 996.0 MB fat16\n" +" #3 primary 3.9 GB xfs /home\n" +" #5 logical 6.0 GB f ext4 /\n" +" #6 logical 1.0 GB f ext3 /var\n" +" #7 logical 498.8 MB ext3\n" +"</screen></informalexample> This example shows two hard drives divided into " +"several partitions; the first disk has some free space. Each partition line " +"consists of the partition number, its type, size, optional flags, file " +"system, and mountpoint (if any). Note: this particular setup cannot be " +"created using guided partitioning but it does show possible variation that " +"can be achieved using manual partitioning." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1419 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This concludes the guided partitioning. If you are satisfied with the " +"generated partition table, you can choose <guimenuitem>Finish partitioning " +"and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the menu to implement the new " +"partition table (as described at the end of this section). If you are not " +"happy, you can choose to <guimenuitem>Undo changes to partitions</" +"guimenuitem> and run guided partitioning again, or modify the proposed " +"changes as described below for manual partitioning." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1433 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Manual Partitioning" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1434 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A similar screen to the one shown just above will be displayed if you choose " +"manual partitioning except that your existing partition table will be shown " +"and without the mount points. How to manually set up your partition table " +"and the usage of partitions by your new &debian; system will be covered in " +"the remainder of this section." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1442 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you select a pristine disk which has neither partitions nor free space on " +"it, you will be asked if a new partition table should be created (this is " +"needed so you can create new partitions). After this, a new line entitled " +"<quote>FREE SPACE</quote> should appear in the table under the selected disk." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1450 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you select some free space, you will have the opportunity to create a new " +"partition. You will have to answer a quick series of questions about its " +"size, type (primary or logical), and location (beginning or end of the free " +"space). After this, you will be presented with a detailed overview of your " +"new partition. The main setting is <guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, which " +"determines if the partition will have a file system on it, or be used for " +"swap,<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM, an encrypted file " +"system,</phrase> or not be used at all. Other settings include mountpoint, " +"mount options, and bootable flag; which settings are shown depends on how " +"the partition is to be used. If you don't like the preselected defaults, " +"feel free to change them to your liking. E.g. by selecting the option " +"<guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, you can choose a different filesystem " +"for this partition, including options to use the partition for swap,<phrase " +"arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM,</phrase> or not use it at all. When " +"you are satisfied with your new partition, select <guimenuitem>Done setting " +"up the partition</guimenuitem> and you will return to <command>partman</" +"command>'s main screen." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1471 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you decide you want to change something about your partition, simply " +"select the partition, which will bring you to the partition configuration " +"menu. This is the same screen as is used when creating a new partition, so " +"you can change the same settings. One thing that may not be very obvious at " +"a first glance is that you can resize the partition by selecting the item " +"displaying the size of the partition. Filesystems known to work are at least " +"fat16, fat32, ext2, ext3 and swap. This menu also allows you to delete a " +"partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1482 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Be sure to create at least two partitions: one for the <emphasis>root</" +"emphasis> filesystem (which must be mounted as <filename>/</filename>) and " +"one for <emphasis>swap</emphasis>. If you forget to mount the root " +"filesystem, <command>partman</command> won't let you continue until you " +"correct this issue." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1490 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you boot in EFI mode but forget to select and format an EFI System " +"Partition, <command>partman</command> will detect this and will not let you " +"continue until you allocate one." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1496 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Capabilities of <command>partman</command> can be extended with installer " +"modules, but are dependent on your system's architecture. So if you can't " +"see all promised goodies, check if you have loaded all required modules (e." +"g. <filename>partman-ext3</filename>, <filename>partman-xfs</filename>, or " +"<filename>partman-lvm</filename>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1504 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you are satisfied with partitioning, select <guimenuitem>Finish " +"partitioning and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the partitioning " +"menu. You will be presented with a summary of changes made to the disks and " +"asked to confirm that the filesystems should be created as requested." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1532 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1533 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you have more than one harddrive<footnote><para> To be honest, you can " +"construct an MD device even from partitions residing on single physical " +"drive, but that won't give any benefits. </para></footnote> in your " +"computer, you can use <command>partman-md</command> to set up your drives " +"for increased performance and/or better reliability of your data. The result " +"is called <firstterm>Multidisk Device</firstterm> (or after its most famous " +"variant <firstterm>software RAID</firstterm>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1546 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"MD is basically a bunch of partitions located on different disks and " +"combined together to form a <emphasis>logical</emphasis> device. This device " +"can then be used like an ordinary partition (i.e. in <command>partman</" +"command> you can format it, assign a mountpoint, etc.)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1554 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"What benefits this brings depends on the type of MD device you are creating. " +"Currently supported are: <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>RAID0</" +"term><listitem><para> Is mainly aimed at performance. RAID0 splits all " +"incoming data into <firstterm>stripes</firstterm> and distributes them " +"equally over each disk in the array. This can increase the speed of read/" +"write operations, but when one of the disks fails, you will lose " +"<emphasis>everything</emphasis> (part of the information is still on the " +"healthy disk(s), the other part <emphasis>was</emphasis> on the failed " +"disk). </para><para> The typical use for RAID0 is a partition for video " +"editing. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID1</" +"term><listitem><para> Is suitable for setups where reliability is the first " +"concern. It consists of several (usually two) equally-sized partitions where " +"every partition contains exactly the same data. This essentially means three " +"things. First, if one of your disks fails, you still have the data mirrored " +"on the remaining disks. Second, you can use only a fraction of the available " +"capacity (more precisely, it is the size of the smallest partition in the " +"RAID). Third, file-reads are load-balanced among the disks, which can " +"improve performance on a server, such as a file server, that tends to be " +"loaded with more disk reads than writes. </para><para> Optionally you can " +"have a spare disk in the array which will take the place of the failed disk " +"in the case of failure. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> " +"<term>RAID5</term><listitem><para> Is a good compromise between speed, " +"reliability and data redundancy. RAID5 splits all incoming data into stripes " +"and distributes them equally on all but one disk (similar to RAID0). Unlike " +"RAID0, RAID5 also computes <firstterm>parity</firstterm> information, which " +"gets written on the remaining disk. The parity disk is not static (that " +"would be called RAID4), but is changing periodically, so the parity " +"information is distributed equally on all disks. When one of the disks " +"fails, the missing part of information can be computed from remaining data " +"and its parity. RAID5 must consist of at least three active partitions. " +"Optionally you can have a spare disk in the array which will take the place " +"of the failed disk in the case of failure. </para><para> As you can see, " +"RAID5 has a similar degree of reliability to RAID1 while achieving less " +"redundancy. On the other hand, it might be a bit slower on write operations " +"than RAID0 due to computation of parity information. </para></listitem> </" +"varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID6</term><listitem><para> Is similar " +"to RAID5 except that it uses two parity devices instead of one. </" +"para><para> A RAID6 array can survive up to two disk failures. </para></" +"listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID10</term><listitem><para> " +"RAID10 combines striping (as in RAID0) and mirroring (as in RAID1). It " +"creates <replaceable>n</replaceable> copies of incoming data and distributes " +"them across the partitions so that none of the copies of the same data are " +"on the same device. The default value of <replaceable>n</replaceable> is 2, " +"but it can be set to something else in expert mode. The number of partitions " +"used must be at least <replaceable>n</replaceable>. RAID10 has different " +"layouts for distributing the copies. The default is near copies. Near copies " +"have all of the copies at about the same offset on all of the disks. Far " +"copies have the copies at different offsets on the disks. Offset copies copy " +"the stripe, not the individual copies. </para><para> RAID10 can be used to " +"achieve reliability and redundancy without the drawback of having to " +"calculate parity. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> To sum " +"it up:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1668 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Type" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1669 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Minimum Devices" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1670 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Spare Device" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1671 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Survives disk failure?" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1672 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Available Space" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1678 +#, no-c-format +msgid "RAID0" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1679 using-d-i.xml:1687 using-d-i.xml:1717 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>2</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1680 using-d-i.xml:1681 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>no</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1682 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by number of devices in RAID" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1686 +#, no-c-format +msgid "RAID1" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1688 using-d-i.xml:1696 using-d-i.xml:1707 using-d-i.xml:1718 +#, no-c-format +msgid "optional" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1689 using-d-i.xml:1697 using-d-i.xml:1708 using-d-i.xml:1719 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>yes</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1690 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Size of the smallest partition in RAID" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1694 +#, no-c-format +msgid "RAID5" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1695 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>3</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1698 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID " +"minus one)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1705 +#, no-c-format +msgid "RAID6" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1706 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<entry>4</entry>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1709 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID " +"minus two)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1716 +#, no-c-format +msgid "RAID10" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: entry +#: using-d-i.xml:1720 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Total of all partitions divided by the number of chunk copies (defaults to " +"two)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1727 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you want to know more about Software RAID, have a look at <ulink url=" +"\"&url-software-raid-howto;\">Software RAID HOWTO</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1732 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To create an MD device, you need to have the desired partitions it should " +"consist of marked for use in a RAID. (This is done in <command>partman</" +"command> in the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu where you should " +"select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume " +"for RAID</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1741 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Make sure that the system can be booted with the partitioning scheme you are " +"planning. In general it will be necessary to create a separate file system " +"for <filename>/boot</filename> when using RAID for the root (<filename>/</" +"filename>) file system. Most boot loaders <phrase arch=\"x86\">(including " +"grub)</phrase> do support mirrored (not striped!) RAID1, so using for " +"example RAID5 for <filename>/</filename> and RAID1 for <filename>/boot</" +"filename> can be an option." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1752 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next, you should choose <guimenuitem>Configure software RAID</guimenuitem> " +"from the main <command>partman</command> menu. (The menu will only appear " +"after you mark at least one partition for use as <guimenuitem>physical " +"volume for RAID</guimenuitem>.) On the first screen of <command>partman-md</" +"command> simply select <guimenuitem>Create MD device</guimenuitem>. You will " +"be presented with a list of supported types of MD devices, from which you " +"should choose one (e.g. RAID1). What follows depends on the type of MD you " +"selected." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1765 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"RAID0 is simple — you will be issued with the list of available RAID " +"partitions and your only task is to select the partitions which will form " +"the MD." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1772 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"RAID1 is a bit more tricky. First, you will be asked to enter the number of " +"active devices and the number of spare devices which will form the MD. Next, " +"you need to select from the list of available RAID partitions those that " +"will be active and then those that will be spare. The count of selected " +"partitions must be equal to the number provided earlier. Don't worry. If you " +"make a mistake and select a different number of partitions, &d-i; won't let " +"you continue until you correct the issue." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1784 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"RAID5 has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 with the exception that you " +"need to use at least <emphasis>three</emphasis> active partitions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1790 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"RAID6 also has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except that at least " +"<emphasis>four</emphasis> active partitions are required." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1796 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"RAID10 again has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except in expert mode. " +"In expert mode, &d-i; will ask you for the layout. The layout has two parts. " +"The first part is the layout type. It is either <literal>n</literal> (for " +"near copies), <literal>f</literal> (for far copies), or <literal>o</literal> " +"(for offset copies). The second part is the number of copies to make of the " +"data. There must be at least that many active devices so that all of the " +"copies can be distributed onto different disks." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1810 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"It is perfectly possible to have several types of MD at once. For example, " +"if you have three 200 GB hard drives dedicated to MD, each containing two " +"100 GB partitions, you can combine the first partitions on all three disks " +"into the RAID0 (fast 300 GB video editing partition) and use the other three " +"partitions (2 active and 1 spare) for RAID1 (quite reliable 100 GB partition " +"for <filename>/home</filename>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1819 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you set up MD devices to your liking, you can <guimenuitem>Finish</" +"guimenuitem> <command>partman-md</command> to return back to the " +"<command>partman</command> to create filesystems on your new MD devices and " +"assign them the usual attributes like mountpoints." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1834 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1835 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are working with computers at the level of system administrator or " +"<quote>advanced</quote> user, you have surely seen the situation where some " +"disk partition (usually the most important one) was short on space, while " +"some other partition was grossly underused and you had to manage this " +"situation by moving stuff around, symlinking, etc." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1843 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To avoid the described situation you can use Logical Volume Manager (LVM). " +"Simply said, with LVM you can combine your partitions (<firstterm>physical " +"volumes</firstterm> in LVM lingo) to form a virtual disk (so called " +"<firstterm>volume group</firstterm>), which can then be divided into virtual " +"partitions (<firstterm>logical volumes</firstterm>). The point is that " +"logical volumes (and of course underlying volume groups) can span across " +"several physical disks." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1853 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Now when you realize you need more space for your old 160GB <filename>/home</" +"filename> partition, you can simply add a new 300GB disk to the computer, " +"join it with your existing volume group and then resize the logical volume " +"which holds your <filename>/home</filename> filesystem and voila — " +"your users have some room again on their renewed 460GB partition. This " +"example is of course a bit oversimplified. If you haven't read it yet, you " +"should consult the <ulink url=\"&url-lvm-howto;\">LVM HOWTO</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1864 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"LVM setup in &d-i; is quite simple and completely supported inside " +"<command>partman</command>. First, you have to mark the partition(s) to be " +"used as physical volumes for LVM. This is done in the <guimenu>Partition " +"settings</guimenu> menu where you should select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:" +"</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume for LVM</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1873 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Be aware: the new LVM setup will destroy all data on all partitions marked " +"with an LVM type code. So, if you already have an LVM on some of your disks, " +"and want to install Debian additionally to that machine, the old (already " +"existing) LVM will be wiped out! The same counts for partitions, which are " +"(for any reason) misleadingly marked with an LVM type code, but contain " +"something different (like an encrypted volume). You need to remove such " +"disks from the system, before performing a new LVM setup!" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1883 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, you will see " +"a new option <guimenuitem>Configure the Logical Volume Manager</" +"guimenuitem>. When you select that, you will first be asked to confirm " +"pending changes to the partition table (if any) and after that the LVM " +"configuration menu will be shown. Above the menu a summary of the LVM " +"configuration is shown. The menu itself is context sensitive and only shows " +"valid actions. The possible actions are:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1894 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<guimenuitem>Display configuration details</guimenuitem>: shows LVM device " +"structure, names and sizes of logical volumes and more" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1899 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Create volume group" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1902 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Create logical volume" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1905 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Delete volume group" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1908 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Delete logical volume" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1911 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Extend volume group" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: guimenuitem +#: using-d-i.xml:1914 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Reduce volume group" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1916 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem>: return to the main <command>partman</" +"command> screen" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1922 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Use the options in that menu to first create a volume group and then create " +"your logical volumes inside it." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1927 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, any created " +"logical volumes will be displayed in the same way as ordinary partitions " +"(and you should treat them as such)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:1941 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring Encrypted Volumes" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1942 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"&d-i; allows you to set up encrypted partitions. Every file you write to " +"such a partition is immediately saved to the device in encrypted form. " +"Access to the encrypted data is granted only after entering the " +"<firstterm>passphrase</firstterm> used when the encrypted partition was " +"originally created. This feature is useful to protect sensitive data in case " +"your laptop or hard drive gets stolen. The thief might get physical access " +"to the hard drive, but without knowing the right passphrase, the data on the " +"hard drive will look like random characters." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1954 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The two most important partitions to encrypt are: the home partition, where " +"your private data resides, and the swap partition, where sensitive data " +"might be stored temporarily during operation. Of course, nothing prevents " +"you from encrypting any other partitions that might be of interest. For " +"example <filename>/var</filename> where database servers, mail servers or " +"print servers store their data, or <filename>/tmp</filename> which is used " +"by various programs to store potentially interesting temporary files. Some " +"people may even want to encrypt their whole system. Generally the only " +"exception here is the <filename>/boot</filename> partition which must remain " +"unencrypted, because historically there was no way to load the kernel from " +"an encrypted partition. (GRUB is now able to do that, but &d-i; currently " +"lacks native support for encrypted <filename>/boot</filename>. The setup is " +"therefore covered in a <ulink url=\"https://cryptsetup-team.pages.debian.net/" +"cryptsetup/encrypted-boot.html\">separate document</ulink>.)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1972 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Please note that the performance of encrypted partitions will be less than " +"that of unencrypted ones because the data needs to be decrypted or encrypted " +"for every read or write. The performance impact depends on your CPU speed, " +"chosen cipher and a key length." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1979 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To use encryption, you have to create a new partition by selecting some free " +"space in the main partitioning menu. Another option is to choose an existing " +"partition (e.g. a regular partition, an LVM logical volume or a RAID " +"volume). In the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu, you need to " +"select <guimenuitem>physical volume for encryption</guimenuitem> at the " +"<menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> </menuchoice> option. The menu will " +"then change to include several cryptographic options for the partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1990 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The encryption method supported by &d-i; is <firstterm>dm-crypt</firstterm> " +"(included in newer Linux kernels, able to host LVM physical volumes)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:1999 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Let's have a look at the options available when you select encryption via " +"<userinput>Device-mapper (dm-crypt)</userinput>. As always: when in doubt, " +"use the defaults, because they have been carefully chosen with security in " +"mind." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2009 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Encryption: <userinput>aes</userinput>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2011 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This option lets you select the encryption algorithm (<firstterm>cipher</" +"firstterm>) which will be used to encrypt the data on the partition. &d-i; " +"currently supports the following block ciphers: <firstterm>aes</firstterm>, " +"<firstterm>blowfish</firstterm>, <firstterm>serpent</firstterm>, and " +"<firstterm>twofish</firstterm>. It is beyond the scope of this document to " +"discuss the qualities of these different algorithms, however, it might help " +"your decision to know that in 2000, <emphasis>AES</emphasis> was chosen by " +"the American National Institute of Standards and Technology as the standard " +"encryption algorithm for protecting sensitive information in the 21st " +"century." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2029 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Key size: <userinput>256</userinput>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2031 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Here you can specify the length of the encryption key. With a larger key " +"size, the strength of the encryption is generally improved. On the other " +"hand, increasing the length of the key usually has a negative impact on " +"performance. Available key sizes vary depending on the cipher." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2043 +#, no-c-format +msgid "IV algorithm: <userinput>xts-plain64</userinput>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2045 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <firstterm>Initialization Vector</firstterm> or <firstterm>IV</" +"firstterm> algorithm is used in cryptography to ensure that applying the " +"cipher on the same <firstterm>clear text</firstterm> data with the same key " +"always produces a unique <firstterm>cipher text</firstterm>. The idea is to " +"prevent the attacker from deducing information from repeated patterns in the " +"encrypted data." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2055 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"From the provided alternatives, the default <userinput>xts-plain64</" +"userinput> is currently the least vulnerable to known attacks. Use the other " +"alternatives only when you need to ensure compatibility with some previously " +"installed system that is not able to use newer algorithms." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2067 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Encryption key: <userinput>Passphrase</userinput>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2069 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Here you can choose the type of the encryption key for this partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2075 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Passphrase" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2076 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The encryption key will be computed<footnote> <para> Using a passphrase as " +"the key currently means that the partition will be set up using <ulink url=" +"\"&url-luks;\">LUKS</ulink>. </para></footnote> on the basis of a passphrase " +"which you will be able to enter later in the process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2091 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Random key" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2092 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A new encryption key will be generated from random data each time you try to " +"bring up the encrypted partition. In other words: on every shutdown the " +"content of the partition will be lost as the key is deleted from memory. (Of " +"course, you could try to guess the key with a brute force attack, but unless " +"there is an unknown weakness in the cipher algorithm, it is not achievable " +"in our lifetime.)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2101 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Random keys are useful for swap partitions because you do not need to bother " +"yourself with remembering the passphrase or wiping sensitive information " +"from the swap partition before shutting down your computer. However, it also " +"means that you will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be able to use the " +"<quote>suspend-to-disk</quote> functionality offered by newer Linux kernels " +"as it will be impossible (during a subsequent boot) to recover the suspended " +"data written to the swap partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: term +#: using-d-i.xml:2120 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Erase data: <userinput>yes</userinput>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2122 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Determines whether the content of this partition should be overwritten with " +"random data before setting up the encryption. This is recommended because it " +"might otherwise be possible for an attacker to discern which parts of the " +"partition are in use and which are not. In addition, this will make it " +"harder to recover any leftover data from previous " +"installations<footnote><para> It is believed that the guys from three-letter " +"agencies can restore the data even after several rewrites of the " +"magnetooptical media, though. </para></footnote>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2143 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you have selected the desired parameters for your encrypted " +"partitions, return back to the main partitioning menu. There should now be a " +"new menu item called <guimenu>Configure encrypted volumes</guimenu>. After " +"you select it, you will be asked to confirm the deletion of data on " +"partitions marked to be erased and possibly other actions such as writing a " +"new partition table. For large partitions this might take some time." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2153 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next you will be asked to enter a passphrase for partitions configured to " +"use one. Good passphrases should be longer than 8 characters, should be a " +"mixture of letters, numbers and other characters and should not contain " +"common dictionary words or information easily associable with you (such as " +"birthdates, hobbies, pet names, names of family members or relatives, etc.)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2162 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Before you input any passphrases, you should have made sure that your " +"keyboard is configured correctly and generates the expected characters. If " +"you are unsure, you can switch to the second virtual console and type some " +"text at the prompt. This ensures that you won't be surprised later, e.g. by " +"trying to input a passphrase using a qwerty keyboard layout when you used an " +"azerty layout during the installation. This situation can have several " +"causes. Maybe you switched to another keyboard layout during the " +"installation, or the selected keyboard layout might not have been set up yet " +"when entering the passphrase for the root file system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2175 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you selected to use methods other than a passphrase to create encryption " +"keys, they will be generated now. Because the kernel may not have gathered a " +"sufficient amount of entropy at this early stage of the installation, the " +"process may take a long time. You can help speed up the process by " +"generating entropy: e.g. by pressing random keys, or by switching to the " +"shell on the second virtual console and generating some network and disk " +"traffic (downloading some files, feeding big files into <filename>/dev/null</" +"filename>, etc.). This will be repeated for each partition to be encrypted." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2191 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After returning to the main partitioning menu, you will see all encrypted " +"volumes as additional partitions which can be configured in the same way as " +"ordinary partitions. The following example shows a volume encrypted via dm-" +"crypt. <informalexample><screen>\n" +"Encrypted volume (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</replaceable>) - 115.1 GB Linux " +"device-mapper\n" +" #1 115.1 GB F ext3\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Now is the time to assign mount points to the " +"volumes and optionally change the file system types if the defaults do not " +"suit you." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2203 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Pay attention to the identifiers in parentheses (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</" +"replaceable> in this case) and the mount points you assigned to each " +"encrypted volume. You will need this information later when booting the new " +"system. The differences between the ordinary boot process and the boot " +"process with encryption involved will be covered later in <xref linkend=" +"\"mount-encrypted-volumes\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2213 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Once you are satisfied with the partitioning scheme, continue with the " +"installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2224 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Installing the Base System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2225 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Although this stage is the least problematic, it consumes a significant " +"fraction of the install because it downloads, verifies and unpacks the whole " +"base system. If you have a slow computer or network connection, this could " +"take some time." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2238 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"During installation of the base system, package unpacking and setup messages " +"are redirected to <userinput>tty4</userinput>. You can access this terminal " +"by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></" +"keycombo>; get back to the main installer process with " +"<keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2247 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The unpack/setup messages generated during this phase are also saved in " +"<filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. You can check them there if the " +"installation is performed over a serial console." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2253 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As part of the installation, a &arch-kernel; kernel will be installed. At " +"the default priority, the installer will choose one for you that best " +"matches your hardware. In lower priority modes, you will be able to choose " +"from a list of available kernels." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2260 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"When packages are installed using the package management system, it will by " +"default also install packages that are recommended by those packages. " +"Recommended packages are not strictly required for the core functionality of " +"the selected software, but they do enhance that software and should, in the " +"view of the package maintainers, normally be installed together with that " +"software." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2270 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For technical reasons packages installed during the installation of the base " +"system are installed without their <quote>Recommends</quote>. The rule " +"described above only takes effect after this point in the installation " +"process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2282 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Installing Additional Software" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2283 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At this point you have a usable but limited system. Most users will want to " +"install additional software on the system to tune it to their needs, and the " +"installer allows you do so. This step can take even longer than installing " +"the base system if you have a slow computer or network connection." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2298 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Configuring apt" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2300 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One of the tools used to install packages on a &debian-gnu; system is the " +"program <command>apt</command>, from the <classname>apt</classname> " +"package<footnote> <para> Note that the program which actually installs the " +"packages is called <command>dpkg</command>. However, this program is more of " +"a low-level tool. <command>apt</command> is a higher-level tool, which will " +"invoke <command>dpkg</command> as appropriate. It knows how to retrieve " +"packages from your installation media, the network, or wherever. It is also " +"able to automatically install other packages which are required to make the " +"package you're trying to install work correctly. </para> </footnote>. Other " +"front-ends for package management, like <command>aptitude</command> and " +"<command>synaptic</command>, are also in use. These front-ends are " +"recommended for new users, since they integrate some additional features " +"(package searching and status checks) in a nice user interface." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2323 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<command>apt</command> must be configured so that it knows from where to " +"retrieve packages. The results of this configuration are written to the file " +"<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. You can examine and edit this " +"file to your liking after the installation is complete." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2330 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing at default priority, the installer will largely take " +"care of the configuration automatically, based on the installation method " +"you are using and possibly using choices made earlier in the installation. " +"In most cases the installer will automatically add a security mirror and, if " +"you are installing the stable distribution, a mirror for the <quote>stable-" +"updates</quote> service." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2339 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing at a lower priority (e.g. in expert mode), you will be " +"able to make more decisions yourself. You can choose whether or not to use " +"the security and/or stable-updates services, and you can choose to add " +"packages from the <quote>contrib</quote> and <quote>non-free</quote> " +"sections of the archive." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2350 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Installing from more than one CD or DVD image" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2352 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing from a CD or DVD image that is part of a larger set, " +"the installer will ask if you want to scan additional installation media. If " +"you have such additional media available, you probably want to do this so " +"the installer can use the packages included on them." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2359 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you do not have any additional media, that is no problem: using them is " +"not required. If you also do not use a network mirror (as explained in the " +"next section), it can mean that not all packages belonging to the tasks you " +"select in the next step of the installation can be installed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2367 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Packages are included on CD and DVD images in the order of their popularity. " +"This means that for most uses only the first image of a set is needed and " +"that only very few people actually use any of the packages included on the " +"last images of a set." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2374 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"It also means that buying or downloading and burning a full CD set is just a " +"waste of money as you'll never use most of them. In most cases you are " +"better off getting only the first 3 to 8 CDs and installing any additional " +"packages you may need from the Internet by using a mirror. The same goes for " +"DVD sets: the first DVD, or maybe the first two DVDs will cover most needs." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2384 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you do scan multiple installation media, the installer will prompt you to " +"exchange them when it needs packages from one that isn't currently in the " +"drive. Note that only discs that belong to the same set should be scanned. " +"The order in which they are scanned does not really matter, but scanning " +"them in ascending order will reduce the chance of mistakes." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2397 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Using a network mirror" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2399 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One question that will be asked during most installs is whether or not to " +"use a network mirror as a source for packages. In most cases the default " +"answer should be fine, but there are some exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2405 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are <emphasis>not</emphasis> installing from a full CD/DVD image, you " +"really should use a network mirror as otherwise you will end up with only a " +"very minimal system. However, if you have a limited Internet connection it " +"is best <emphasis>not</emphasis> to select the <literal>desktop</literal> " +"task in the next step of the installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2414 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing from a single full CD image, using a network mirror is " +"not required, but is still strongly recommended because a single CD image " +"contains only a fairly limited number of packages. If you have a limited " +"Internet connection it may still be best to <emphasis>not</emphasis> select " +"a network mirror here, but to finish the installation using only what's " +"available on the CD image and selectively install additional packages after " +"the installation (i.e. after you have rebooted into the new system)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2425 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing from DVD, any packages needed during the installation " +"should be present on the first DVD image. Use of a network mirror is " +"optional." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2431 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One advantage of adding a network mirror is that updates, that have occurred " +"since the CD/DVD images were created and have been included in a point " +"release, will become available for installation, thus extending the life of " +"your CD/DVD set without compromising the security or stability of the " +"installed system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2438 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In summary: selecting a network mirror is generally a good idea, except if " +"you do not have a good Internet connection. If the current version of a " +"package is available from installation media, the installer will always use " +"that. The amount of data that will be downloaded if you do select a mirror " +"thus depends on" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2447 +#, no-c-format +msgid "the tasks you select in the next step of the installation," +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2452 +#, no-c-format +msgid "which packages are needed for those tasks," +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2457 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"which of those packages are present on the installation media you have " +"scanned, and" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2462 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"whether any updated versions of packages included on the installation media " +"are available from a mirror (either a regular package mirror, or a mirror " +"for security or stable-updates)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2471 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that the last point means that, even if you choose not to use a network " +"mirror, some packages may still be downloaded from the Internet if there is " +"a security or stable-updates update available for them and those services " +"have been configured." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2482 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Choosing a network mirror" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2483 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Unless you chose not to use a network mirror, you will be presented with a " +"list of network mirrors based upon your country selection earlier in the " +"installation process. Choosing the offered default is usually fine." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2490 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The offered default is deb.debian.org, which is not a mirror itself but will " +"redirect to a mirror that should be up-to-date and fast. These mirrors " +"support TLS (https protocol) and IPv6. This service is maintained by the " +"Debian System Administration (DSA) team." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2497 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A mirror can also be specified by hand by choosing <quote>enter information " +"manually</quote> . You can then specify a mirror host name and an optional " +"port number. This actually has to be a URL base, i.e. when specifying an " +"IPv6 address, one has to add square brackets around it, for instance " +"<quote>[2001:db8::1]</quote>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2505 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If your computer is on an IPv6-only network (which is probably not the case " +"for the vast majority of users), using the default mirror for your country " +"might not work. All the mirrors in the list are reachable via IPv4, but only " +"some of them can be used via IPv6. As connectivity of individual mirrors can " +"change over time, this information is not available in the installer. If " +"there is no IPv6 connectivity for the default mirror for your country, you " +"can either try some of the other mirrors offered to you or choose the " +"<quote>enter information manually</quote> option. You can then specify " +"<quote>ftp.ipv6.debian.org</quote> as the mirror name, which is an alias for " +"a mirror available via IPv6, although it will probably not be the fastest " +"possible one." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2528 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Selecting and Installing Software" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2530 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"During the installation process, you are given the opportunity to select " +"additional software to install. Rather than picking individual software " +"packages from the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; available packages, this stage of " +"the installation process focuses on selecting and installing predefined " +"collections of software to quickly set up your computer to perform various " +"tasks." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2539 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"These tasks loosely represent a number of different jobs or things you want " +"to do with your computer, such as <quote>Desktop environment</quote>, " +"<quote>Web server</quote>, or <quote>SSH server</quote><footnote> <para> You " +"should know that to present this list, the installer is merely invoking the " +"<command>tasksel</command> program. It can be run at any time after " +"installation to install more packages (or remove them), or you can use a " +"more fine-grained tool such as <command>aptitude</command>. If you are " +"looking for a specific single package, after installation is complete, " +"simply run <userinput>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable></" +"userinput>, where <replaceable>package</replaceable> is the name of the " +"package you are looking for. </para> </footnote>. <xref linkend=\"tasksel-" +"size-list\"/> lists the space requirements for the available tasks." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2565 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some tasks may be pre-selected based on the characteristics of the computer " +"you are installing. If you disagree with these selections you can deselect " +"them. You can even opt to install no tasks at all at this point." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2572 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In the standard user interface of the installer, you can use the space bar " +"to toggle selection of a task." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2578 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <quote>Desktop environment</quote> task will install a graphical desktop " +"environment." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2583 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By default, &d-i; installs the <phrase arch=\"x86\">Gnome</phrase> <phrase " +"arch=\"non-x86\">Xfce</phrase> desktop environment. It is possible to " +"interactively select a different desktop environment during the " +"installation. It is also possible to install multiple desktops, but some " +"combinations of desktop may not be co-installable." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2591 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that this will only work if the packages needed for the desired desktop " +"environment are actually available. If you are installing using a single " +"full CD image, they will possibly need to be downloaded from a network " +"mirror as they might not be available on the CD image due to its limited " +"amount of space. Installing any of the available desktop environments this " +"way should work fine if you are using a DVD image or any other installation " +"method." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2601 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The various server tasks will install software roughly as follows. Web " +"server: <classname>apache2</classname>; SSH server: <classname>openssh</" +"classname>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2607 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <quote>Standard system</quote> task will install any package that has a " +"priority <quote>standard</quote>. This includes a lot of common utilities " +"that are normally available on any Linux or Unix system. You should leave " +"this task selected unless you know what you are doing and want a really " +"minimal system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2615 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If during language selection a default locale other than the <quote>C</" +"quote> locale was selected, <command>tasksel</command> will check if any " +"localization tasks are defined for that locale and will automatically try to " +"install relevant localization packages. This includes for example packages " +"containing word lists or special fonts for your language. If a desktop " +"environment was selected, it will also install appropriate localization " +"packages for that (if available)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2625 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Once you've selected your tasks, select &BTN-CONT;. At this point, " +"<command>apt</command> will install the packages that are part of the " +"selected tasks. If a particular program needs more information from the " +"user, it will prompt you during this process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2632 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You should be aware that especially the Desktop task is very large. " +"Especially when installing from a normal CD-ROM in combination with a mirror " +"for packages not on the CD-ROM, the installer may want to retrieve a lot of " +"packages over the network. If you have a relatively slow Internet " +"connection, this can take a long time. There is no option to cancel the " +"installation of packages once it has started." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2641 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Even when packages are included on the CD-ROM, the installer may still " +"retrieve them from the mirror if the version available on the mirror is more " +"recent than the one included on the CD-ROM. If you are installing the stable " +"distribution, this can happen after a point release (an update of the " +"original stable release); if you are installing the testing distribution " +"this will happen if you are using an older image." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2656 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Making Your System Bootable" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2658 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you are installing a diskless workstation, obviously, booting off the " +"local disk isn't a meaningful option, and this step will be skipped. <phrase " +"arch=\"sparc\">You may wish to set OpenBoot to boot from the network by " +"default; see <xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select-sun\"/>.</phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2673 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Detecting other operating systems" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2675 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Before a boot loader is installed, the installer will attempt to probe for " +"other operating systems which are installed on the machine. If it finds a " +"supported operating system, you will be informed of this during the boot " +"loader installation step, and the computer will be configured to boot this " +"other operating system in addition to &debian;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2683 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that multiple operating systems booting on a single machine is still " +"something of a black art. The automatic support for detecting and setting up " +"boot loaders to boot other operating systems varies by architecture and even " +"by subarchitecture. If it does not work you should consult your boot " +"manager's documentation for more information." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2701 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<command>palo</command>-installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2702 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The bootloader on PA-RISC is <quote>palo</quote>. <command>PALO</command> is " +"similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, with a few " +"exceptions. First of all, <command>PALO</command> allows you to boot any " +"kernel image on your boot partition. This is because <command>PALO</command> " +"can actually read Linux partitions." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2711 +#, no-c-format +msgid "hppa FIXME ( need more info )" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2723 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install the <command>Grub</command> Boot Loader on the drive" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2725 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>grub</quote>. Grub is a " +"flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and " +"old hands alike." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2731 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By default, grub will be installed on the UEFI partition/the Boot Record of " +"the primary drive, where it will take over complete control of the boot " +"process. If you prefer, you can install it elsewhere. See the grub manual " +"for complete information." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2738 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you do not want to install grub, use the &BTN-GOBACK; button to get to " +"the main menu, and from there select whatever bootloader you would like to " +"use." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2751 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install the <command>ELILO</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2753 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>elilo</quote>. It is modeled " +"on the <quote>lilo</quote> boot loader for the x86 architecture and uses a " +"similar configuration file. However, instead of writing an MBR or partition " +"boot record to the disk, it copies the necessary files to a separate FAT " +"formatted disk partition and modifies the <guimenuitem>EFI Boot Manager</" +"guimenuitem> menu in the firmware to point to the files in the EFI " +"partition. The <command>elilo</command> boot loader is really in two parts. " +"The <filename>/usr/sbin/elilo</filename> command manages the partition and " +"copies files into it. The <filename>elilo.efi</filename> program is copied " +"into the EFI partition and then run by the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> " +"to do the actual work of loading and starting the Linux kernel." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2769 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <quote>elilo</quote> configuration and installation is done as the last " +"step of installing the packages of the base installation. &d-i; will present " +"you with a list of potential disk partitions that it has found suitable for " +"an EFI partition. Select the partition you set up earlier in the " +"installation, typically a partition on the same disk that contains your " +"<emphasis>root</emphasis> filesystem." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2781 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Choose the correct partition!" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2783 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The criterion for selecting a partition is that it must be a FAT format " +"filesystem with its <emphasis>boot</emphasis> flag set. &d-i; may show " +"multiple choices depending on what it finds from scanning all of the disks " +"of the system including EFI partitions of other system disks and EFI " +"diagnostic partitions. Remember, <command>elilo</command> may format the " +"partition during the installation, erasing any previous contents!" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2798 +#, no-c-format +msgid "EFI Partition Contents" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2800 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The EFI partition is a FAT filesystem format partition on one of the hard " +"disks of the system, usually the same disk that contains the <emphasis>root</" +"emphasis> filesystem. It is normally not mounted on a running system as it " +"is only needed by the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> to load the system and " +"the installer part of the <command>elilo</command> writes to the filesystem " +"directly. The <command>/usr/sbin/elilo</command> utility writes the " +"following files into the <filename>efi/debian</filename> directory of the " +"EFI partition during the installation. Note that the <quote>EFI Boot " +"Manager</quote> would find these files using the path " +"<filename>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:\\efi\\debian</filename>. There may " +"be other files in this filesystem as well over time as the system is updated " +"or re-configured." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: using-d-i.xml:2822 +#, no-c-format +msgid "elilo.conf" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2823 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is the configuration file read by the boot loader when it starts. It is " +"a copy of the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename> with the filenames re-" +"written to refer to files in the EFI partition." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: using-d-i.xml:2832 +#, no-c-format +msgid "elilo.efi" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2833 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is the boot loader program that the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> " +"runs to boot the system. It is the program behind the <guimenuitem>&debian; " +"GNU/Linux</guimenuitem> menu item of the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> " +"command menu." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: using-d-i.xml:2843 +#, no-c-format +msgid "initrd.img" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2844 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is the initial root filesystem used to boot the kernel. It is a copy of " +"the file referenced in the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename>. In a " +"standard &debian; installation it would be the file in <filename>/boot</" +"filename> pointed to by the symbolic link <filename>/initrd.img</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: using-d-i.xml:2856 +#, no-c-format +msgid "readme.txt" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2857 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is a small text file warning you that the contents of the directory are " +"managed by the <command>elilo</command> and that any local changes would be " +"lost at the next time <filename>/usr/sbin/elilo</filename> is run." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: using-d-i.xml:2867 +#, no-c-format +msgid "vmlinuz" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2868 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is the compressed kernel itself. It is a copy of the file referenced in " +"the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename>. In a standard &debian; " +"installation it would be the file in <filename>/boot</filename> pointed to " +"by the symbolic link <filename>/vmlinuz</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2892 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install <command>Yaboot</command> on a Hard Disk" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2893 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Newer (mid 1998 and on) PowerMacs use <command>yaboot</command> as their " +"boot loader. The installer will set up <command>yaboot</command> " +"automatically, so all you need is a small 820k partition named " +"<quote>bootstrap</quote> with type <emphasis>Apple_Bootstrap</emphasis> " +"created back in the partitioning component. If this step completes " +"successfully then your disk should now be bootable and OpenFirmware will be " +"set to boot &debian-gnu;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2911 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install <command>Quik</command> on a Hard Disk" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2912 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The boot loader for OldWorld Power Macintosh machines is <command>quik</" +"command>. You can also use it on CHRP. The installer will attempt to set up " +"<command>quik</command> automatically. The setup has been known to work on " +"7200, 7300, and 7600 Powermacs, and on some Power Computing clones." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2928 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install the <command>Grub</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2930 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The main &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>grub</quote>. Grub is a " +"flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and " +"old hands alike." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2936 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By default, Grub will be installed into the PReP partition, where it will " +"over complete control of the boot process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2949 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<command>zipl</command>-installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2950 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The boot loader on &arch-title; is <quote>zipl</quote>. <command>ZIPL</" +"command> is similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, " +"with a few exceptions. Please take a look at <quote>LINUX for &arch-title; " +"Device Drivers and Installation Commands</quote> from IBM's developerWorks " +"web site if you want to know more about <command>ZIPL</command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2967 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install the <command>SILO</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2969 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The standard &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>silo</quote>. It is " +"documented in <filename>/usr/share/doc/silo/</filename>. <command>SILO</" +"command> is similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, " +"with a few exceptions. First of all, <command>SILO</command> allows you to " +"boot any kernel image on your drive, even if it is not listed in <filename>/" +"etc/silo.conf</filename>. This is because <command>SILO</command> can " +"actually read Linux partitions. Also, <filename>/etc/silo.conf</filename> is " +"read at boot time, so there is no need to rerun <command>silo</command> " +"after installing a new kernel like you would with <command>LILO</command>. " +"<command>SILO</command> can also read UFS partitions, which means it can " +"boot SunOS/Solaris partitions as well. This is useful if you want to install " +"GNU/Linux alongside an existing SunOS/Solaris install." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:2994 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Making the system bootable with flash-kernel" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:2995 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As there is no common firmware interface on all ARM platforms, the steps " +"required to make the system bootable on ARM devices are highly device-" +"dependent. &debian; uses a tool called <command>flash-kernel </command> to " +"take care of this. Flash-kernel contains a database which describes the " +"particular operations that are required to make the system bootable on " +"various devices. It detects whether the current device is supported, and if " +"yes, performs the necessary operations." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3006 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On devices which boot from internal NOR- or NAND-flash memory, flash-kernel " +"writes the kernel and the initial ramdisk to this internal memory. This " +"method is particularly common on older armel devices. Please note that most " +"of these devices do not allow having multiple kernels and ramdisks in their " +"internal flash memory, i.e. running flash-kernel on them usually overwrites " +"the previous contents of the flash memory!" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3016 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For ARM systems that use U-Boot as their system firmware and boot the kernel " +"and the initial ramdisk from external storage media (such as MMC/SD-cards, " +"USB mass storage devices or IDE/SATA harddisks), flash-kernel generates an " +"appropriate boot script to allow autobooting without user interaction." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3032 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Continue Without Boot Loader" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3034 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This option can be used to complete the installation even when no boot " +"loader is to be installed, either because the arch/subarch doesn't provide " +"one, or because none is desired (e.g. you will use existing boot loader)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3041 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you plan to manually configure your bootloader, you should check the name " +"of the installed kernel in <filename>/target/boot</filename>. You should " +"also check that directory for the presence of an <firstterm>initrd</" +"firstterm>; if one is present, you will probably have to instruct your " +"bootloader to use it. Other information you will need are the disk and " +"partition you selected for your <filename>/</filename> filesystem and, if " +"you chose to install <filename>/boot</filename> on a separate partition, " +"also your <filename>/boot</filename> filesystem." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3058 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Finishing the Installation" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3059 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This is the last step in the &debian; installation process during which the " +"installer will do any last minute tasks. It mostly consists of tidying up " +"after the &d-i;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3072 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting the System Clock" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3074 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installer may ask you if the computer's clock is set to UTC. Normally " +"this question is avoided if possible and the installer tries to work out " +"whether the clock is set to UTC based on things like what other operating " +"systems are installed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3081 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In expert mode you will always be able to choose whether or not the clock is " +"set to UTC. <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">Macintosh hardware clocks are normally " +"set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of " +"UTC.</phrase> <phrase arch=\"any-x86\">Systems that (also) run Dos or " +"Windows are normally set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select " +"local time instead of UTC.</phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3092 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At this point &d-i; will also attempt to save the current time to the " +"system's hardware clock. This will be done either in UTC or local time, " +"depending on the selection that was just made." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3107 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Reboot the System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3109 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You will be prompted to remove the boot media (CD, USB stick, etc) that you " +"used to boot the installer. After that the system will be rebooted into your " +"new &debian; system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3115 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After a final prompt the system will be halted because rebooting is not " +"supported on &arch-title;. You then need to IPL &debian-gnu; from the DASD " +"which you selected for the root filesystem during the first steps of the " +"installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3128 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Troubleshooting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3129 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The components listed in this section are usually not involved in the " +"installation process, but are waiting in the background to help the user in " +"case something goes wrong." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3142 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Saving the installation logs" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3144 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the installation is successful, the logfiles created during the " +"installation process will be automatically saved to <filename>/var/log/" +"installer/</filename> on your new &debian; system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3151 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Choosing <guimenuitem>Save debug logs</guimenuitem> from the main menu " +"allows you to save the log files to a USB stick, network, hard disk, or " +"other media. This can be useful if you encounter fatal problems during the " +"installation and wish to study the logs on another system or attach them to " +"an installation report." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3171 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3173 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There are several methods you can use to get a shell while running an " +"installation. On most systems, and if you are not installing over serial " +"console, the easiest method is to switch to the second <emphasis>virtual " +"console</emphasis> by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> " +"<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo><footnote> <para> That is: press the " +"<keycap>Alt</keycap> key on the left-hand side of the <keycap>space bar</" +"keycap> and the <keycap>F2</keycap> function key at the same time. </para> </" +"footnote> (on a Mac keyboard, <keycombo><keycap>Option</keycap> <keycap>F2</" +"keycap></keycombo>). Use <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F1</" +"keycap></keycombo> to switch back to the installer itself." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3191 +#, no-c-format +msgid "For the graphical installer see also <xref linkend=\"gtk-using\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3195 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you cannot switch consoles, there is also an <guimenuitem>Execute a " +"Shell</guimenuitem> item on the main menu that can be used to start a shell. " +"You can get to the main menu from most dialogs by using the &BTN-GOBACK; " +"button one or more times. Type <userinput>exit</userinput> to close the " +"shell and return to the installer." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3203 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At this point you are booted from the RAM disk, and there is a limited set " +"of Unix utilities available for your use. You can see what programs are " +"available with the command <command>ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin</" +"command> and by typing <command>help</command>. The shell is a Bourne shell " +"clone called <command>ash</command> and has some nice features like " +"autocompletion and history." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3212 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To edit and view files, use the text editor <command>nano</command>. Log " +"files for the installation system can be found in the <filename>/var/log</" +"filename> directory." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3219 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Although you can do basically anything in a shell that the available " +"commands allow you to do, the option to use a shell is really only there in " +"case something goes wrong and for debugging." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3225 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Doing things manually from the shell may interfere with the installation " +"process and result in errors or an incomplete installation. In particular, " +"you should always use let the installer activate your swap partition and not " +"do this yourself from a shell." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3241 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Installation over network-console" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3243 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One of the more interesting components is <firstterm>network-console</" +"firstterm>. It allows you to do a large part of the installation over the " +"network via SSH. The use of the network implies you will have to perform the " +"first steps of the installation from the console, at least to the point of " +"setting up the networking. (Although you can automate that part with <xref " +"linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>.)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3253 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This component is not loaded into the main installation menu by default, so " +"you have to explicitly ask for it. If you are installing from optical media, " +"you need to boot with medium priority or otherwise invoke the main " +"installation menu and choose <guimenuitem>Load installer components from " +"installation media</guimenuitem> and from the list of additional components " +"select <guimenuitem>network-console: Continue installation remotely using " +"SSH</guimenuitem>. Successful load is indicated by a new menu entry called " +"<guimenuitem>Continue installation remotely using SSH</guimenuitem>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3266 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For installations on &arch-title;, this is the default method after setting " +"up the network." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3271 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<phrase arch=\"not-s390\">After selecting this new entry, you</phrase> " +"<phrase arch=\"s390\">You</phrase> will be asked for a new password to be " +"used for connecting to the installation system and for its confirmation. " +"That's all. Now you should see a screen which instructs you to login " +"remotely as the user <emphasis>installer</emphasis> with the password you " +"just provided. Another important detail to notice on this screen is the " +"fingerprint of this system. You need to transfer the fingerprint securely to " +"the person who will continue the installation remotely." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3283 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Should you decide to continue with the installation locally, you can always " +"press &enterkey;, which will bring you back to the main menu, where you can " +"select another component." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3289 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Now let's switch to the other side of the wire. As a prerequisite, you need " +"to configure your terminal for UTF-8 encoding, because that is what the " +"installation system uses. If you do not, remote installation will be still " +"possible, but you may encounter strange display artefacts like destroyed " +"dialog borders or unreadable non-ascii characters. Establishing a connection " +"with the installation system is as simple as typing: " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ssh -l installer <replaceable>install_host</" +"replaceable></userinput>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Where <replaceable>install_host</replaceable> is " +"either the name or IP address of the computer being installed. Before the " +"actual login the fingerprint of the remote system will be displayed and you " +"will have to confirm that it is correct." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3306 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <command>ssh</command> server in the installer uses a default " +"configuration that does not send keep-alive packets. In principle, a " +"connection to the system being installed should be kept open indefinitely. " +"However, in some situations — depending on your local network setup " +"— the connection may be lost after some period of inactivity. One " +"common case where this can happen is when there is some form of Network " +"Address Translation (NAT) somewhere between the client and the system being " +"installed. Depending on at which point of the installation the connection " +"was lost, you may or may not be able to resume the installation after " +"reconnecting." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3319 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You may be able to avoid the connection being dropped by adding the option " +"<userinput>-o ServerAliveInterval=<replaceable>value</replaceable></" +"userinput> when starting the <command>ssh</command> connection, or by adding " +"that option in your <command>ssh</command> configuration file. Note however " +"that in some cases adding this option may also <emphasis>cause</emphasis> a " +"connection to be dropped (for example if keep-alive packets are sent during " +"a brief network outage, from which <command>ssh</command> would otherwise " +"have recovered), so it should only be used when needed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3332 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you install several computers in turn and they happen to have the same IP " +"address or hostname, <command>ssh</command> will refuse to connect to such " +"host. The reason is that it will have different fingerprint, which is " +"usually a sign of a spoofing attack. If you are sure this is not the case, " +"you will need to delete the relevant line from <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts</" +"filename><footnote> <para> The following command will remove an existing " +"entry for a host: <command>ssh-keygen -R <<replaceable>hostname</" +"replaceable>|<replaceable>IP address</replaceable>></command>. </" +"para> </footnote> and try again." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3348 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After the login you will be presented with an initial screen where you have " +"two possibilities called <guimenuitem>Start menu</guimenuitem> and " +"<guimenuitem>Start shell</guimenuitem>. The former brings you to the main " +"installer menu, where you can continue with the installation as usual. The " +"latter starts a shell from which you can examine and possibly fix the remote " +"system. You should only start one SSH session for the installation menu, but " +"may start multiple sessions for shells." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3358 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you have started the installation remotely over SSH, you should not go " +"back to the installation session running on the local console. Doing so may " +"corrupt the database that holds the configuration of the new system. This in " +"turn may result in a failed installation or problems with the installed " +"system." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3377 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Loading Missing Firmware" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3378 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As described in <xref linkend=\"hardware-firmware\"/>, some devices require " +"firmware to be loaded. In most cases the device will not work at all if the " +"firmware is not available; sometimes basic functionality is not impaired if " +"it is missing and the firmware is only needed to enable additional features." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3386 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If a device driver requests firmware that is not available, &d-i; will " +"display a dialog offering to load the missing firmware. If this option is " +"selected, &d-i; will scan available devices for either loose firmware files " +"or packages containing firmware. If found, the firmware will be copied to " +"the correct location (<filename>/lib/firmware</filename>) and the driver " +"module will be reloaded." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3396 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Which devices are scanned and which file systems are supported depends on " +"the architecture, the installation method and the stage of the installation. " +"Especially during the early stages of the installation, loading the firmware " +"is most likely to succeed from a FAT-formatted USB stick. <phrase arch=" +"\"x86\">On i386 and amd64 firmware can also be loaded from an MMC or SD card." +"</phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3406 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that it is possible to skip loading the firmware if you know the device " +"will also function without it, or if the device is not needed during the " +"installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3412 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"&d-i; only prompts for firmware needed by kernel modules loaded during the " +"installation. Not all drivers are included in &d-i;, in particular radeon is " +"not, so this implies that the capabilities of some devices may be no " +"different at the end of the installation from what they were at the " +"beginning. Consequently, some of your hardware may not be being used to its " +"full potential. If you suspect this is the case, or are just curious, it is " +"not a bad idea to check the output of the <command>dmesg</command> command " +"on the newly booted system and search for <quote>firmware</quote>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3426 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Preparing a medium" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3427 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Official installation images do not include non-free firmware. The most " +"common method to load such firmware is from some removable medium such as a " +"USB stick. Alternatively, unofficial installation images containing non-free " +"firmware can be found at <ulink url=\"&url-firmware-cds;\"></ulink>. To " +"prepare a USB stick (or other medium like a hard drive partition), the " +"firmware files or packages must be placed in either the root directory or a " +"directory named <filename>/firmware</filename> of the file system on the " +"medium. The recommended file system to use is FAT as that is most certain to " +"be supported during the early stages of the installation." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3440 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Tarballs and zip files containing current packages for the most common " +"firmware are available from: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <ulink url=" +"\"&url-firmware-tarballs;\"></ulink> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> Just " +"download the tarball or zip file for the correct release and unpack it to " +"the file system on the medium." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3454 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the firmware you need is not included in the tarball, you can also " +"download specific firmware packages from the (non-free section of the) " +"archive. The following overview should list most available firmware packages " +"but is not guaranteed to be complete and may also contain non-firmware " +"packages:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3468 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"It is also possible to copy individual firmware files to the medium. Loose " +"firmware could be obtained for example from an already installed system or " +"from a hardware vendor." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3477 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Firmware and the Installed System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3478 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Any firmware loaded during the installation will be copied automatically to " +"the installed system. In most cases this will ensure that the device that " +"requires the firmware will also work correctly after the system is rebooted " +"into the installed system. However, if the installed system runs a different " +"kernel version from the installer there is a slight chance that the firmware " +"cannot be loaded due to version skew." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3487 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the firmware was loaded from a firmware package, &d-i; will also install " +"this package for the installed system and will automatically add the non-" +"free section of the package archive in APT's <filename>sources.list</" +"filename>. This has the advantage that the firmware should be updated " +"automatically if a new version becomes available." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3495 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If loading the firmware was skipped during the installation, the relevant " +"device will probably not work with the installed system until the firmware " +"(package) is installed manually." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3502 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If the firmware was loaded from loose firmware files, the firmware copied to " +"the installed system will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be automatically updated " +"unless the corresponding firmware package (if available) is installed after " +"the installation is completed." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3512 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Completing the Installed System" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3513 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Depending on how the installation was performed, it might be that the need " +"for some firmware was not detected during installation, that the relevant " +"firmware was not available, or that one chose not to install some firmware " +"at that time. In some cases, a successful installation can still end up in a " +"black screen or a garbled display when rebooting into the installed system. " +"When that happens, the following workarounds can be tried:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3527 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Pass the <code>nomodeset</code> option on the kernel command line. This " +"might help boot into a <quote>fallback graphics</quote> mode." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3531 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</" +"keycap></keycombo> key combination to switch to VT2, which might offer a " +"functional login prompt." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3537 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Once logged in into the installed system, it is possible to automate the " +"detection of missing firmware, and to perform the required steps to enable " +"them following this procedure:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3544 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Install the <classname>isenkram-cli</classname> package." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3547 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Run the <command>isenkram-autoinstall-firmware</command> command as the " +"<quote>root</quote> user." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3550 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Usually, rebooting is the simplest way to make sure all kernel modules are " +"properly initialized; that's particularly important when one has booted the " +"system with the <code>nomodeset</code> option as an interim measure." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3557 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Installing firmware packages is very likely to require enabling the non-free " +"section of the package archive. As of &debian-gnu; 11.0, running the " +"<command>isenkram-autoinstall-firmware</command> command will do that " +"automatically by creating a dedicated file (<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list." +"d/isenkram-autoinstall-firmware.list</filename>), pointing at a generic " +"mirror." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3576 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Customization" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3577 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Using the shell (see <xref linkend=\"shell\"/>), the installation process " +"can be carefully customized, to fit exceptional use cases:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: using-d-i.xml:3582 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Installing an alternative init system" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: using-d-i.xml:3583 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"&debian; uses systemd as its default init system. However, other init " +"systems (such as sysvinit and OpenRC) are supported, and the easiest time to " +"select an alternative init system is during the installation process. For " +"detailed instructions on how to do so, please see the <ulink url=\"https://" +"wiki.debian.org/Init#Changing_the_init_system_-_at_installation_time\">Init " +"page on the Debian wiki</ulink>." +msgstr "" |