move manual to top-level directory, split out of debian-installer package

9 files changed, 596 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/en/welcome/about-copyright.xml b/en/welcome/about-copyright.xml
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+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1>
+<title>About Copyrights and Software Licenses
+    </title>
+
+<para>
+
+We're sure that you've read some of the licenses that come with most
+commercial software &mdash; they usually say that you can only use one
+copy of the software on a single computer.  This system's license
+isn't like that at all.  We encourage you to put a copy of on every
+computer in your school or place of business.  Lend your installation
+media to your friends and help them install it on their computers!
+You can even make thousands of copies and <emphasis>sell</emphasis>
+them &mdash; albeit with a few restrictions.  Your freedom to install
+and use the system comes directly from Debian being based on
+<emphasis>free software</emphasis>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Calling software <emphasis>free</emphasis> doesn't mean that the software isn't
+copyrighted, and it doesn't mean that CDs containing that software
+must be distributed at no charge.  Free software, in part, means that
+the licenses of individual programs do not require you to pay for the
+privilege of distributing or using those programs.  Free software also
+means that not only may anyone extend, adapt, and modify the software,
+but that they may distribute the results of their work as
+well.
+
+<note><para>
+
+The Debian project, as a pragmatic concession to its users,
+does make some packages available that do not meet our criteria for
+being free.  These packages are not part of the official distribution,
+however, and are only available from the
+<userinput>contrib</userinput> or <userinput>non-free</userinput>
+areas of Debian mirrors or on third-party CD-ROMs; see the
+<ulink url="&url-debian-faq;">Debian FAQ</ulink>, under
+<quote>The Debian FTP archives</quote>, for more information about the
+layout and contents of the archives.
+
+</para></note>
+
+</para><para>
+
+Many of the programs in the system are licensed under the
+<emphasis>GNU</emphasis> <emphasis>General Public License</emphasis>,
+often simply referred to as <quote>the GPL</quote>.  The GPL requires you to make
+the <emphasis>source code</emphasis> of the programs available
+whenever you distribute a binary copy of the program; that provision
+of the license ensures that any user will be able to modify the
+software.  Because of this provision, the source code<footnote>
+<para>
+
+For information on how to locate, unpack, and build
+binaries from Debian source packages, see the
+<ulink url="&url-debian-faq;">Debian FAQ</ulink>,
+under <quote>Basics of the Debian Package Management System</quote>.
+
+</para>
+</footnote> for all such programs is available in the Debian system.
+
+</para><para>
+
+There are several other forms of copyright statements and software
+licenses used on the programs in Debian. You can find the copyrights
+and licenses for every package installed on your system by looking in
+the file
+<filename>/usr/share/doc/<replaceable>package-name</replaceable>/copyright
+</filename>
+once you've installed a package on your system.
+
+</para><para>
+
+For more information about licenses and how Debian determines whether
+software is free enough to be included in the main distribution, see the
+<ulink url="&url-dfsg;">Debian Free Software Guidelines</ulink>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The most important legal notice is that this software comes with
+<emphasis>no warranties</emphasis>.  The programmers who have created this
+software have done so for the benefit of the community.  No guarantee
+is made as to the suitability of the software for any given purpose.
+However, since the software is free, you are empowered to modify that
+software to suit your needs &mdash; and to enjoy the benefits of the
+changes made by others who have extended the software in this way.
+
+</para>
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/doc-organization.xml b/en/welcome/doc-organization.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fcbc8d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/doc-organization.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="doc-organization">
+ <title>Organization of This Document</title>
+
+<para>
+
+This document is meant to serve as a manual for first-time Debian
+users.  It tries to make as few assumptions as possible about your
+level of expertise.  However, we do assume that you have a general
+understanding of how the hardware in your computer works.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Expert users may also find interesting reference information in this
+document, including minimum installation sizes, details about the
+hardware supported by the Debian installation system, and so on.  We
+encourage expert users to jump around in the document.
+
+</para><para>
+
+In general, this manual is arranged in a linear fashion, walking you
+through the installation process from start to finish.  Here are the
+steps in installing &debian;, and the sections of this document which
+correlate with each step:
+
+<orderedlist>
+<listitem><para>
+
+Determine whether your hardware meets the requirements for using the
+installation system, in <xref linkend="hardware-req"/>.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+Backup your system, perform any necessary planning and hardware
+configuration prior to installing Debian, in <xref linkend="preparing"/>. If
+you are preparing a multi-boot system, you may need to create
+partition-able space on your hard disk for Debian to use.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+In <xref linkend="install-methods"/>, you will obtain the necessary
+installation files for your method of installation.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+<xref linkend="boot-installer"/> describes booting into the
+installation system.  This chapter also discusses troubleshooting
+procedures in case you have problems with this step.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+Perform the actual installation according to
+<xref linkend="d-i-intro"/>. This involves choosing your language,
+configuring peripheral driver modules, configuring your network
+connection, so that remaining installation files can be obtained
+directly from a Debian server (if you are not installing from a CD),
+partitioning your hard drives and installation of minimal working
+system.
+(Some background about setting up the partitions for your Debian
+system is explained in <xref linkend="partitioning"/>.)
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+Boot into your newly installed base system and run through some
+additional configuration tasks, from <xref linkend="boot-new"/>.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+Install additional software in <xref linkend="install-packages"/>.
+
+</para></listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+
+</para><para>
+
+Once you've got your system installed, you can read
+<xref linkend="post-install"/>.  That chapter explains where to
+look to find more information about Unix and Debian, and how to
+replace your kernel.
+
+<!-- XXX FIXME: If you want to build your own install system
+from source, be sure to read <xref linkend="boot-floppy-techinfo"/>. -->
+
+</para><para>
+
+Finally, information about this document and how to contribute to it
+may be found in <xref linkend="administrivia"/>.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 condition="FIXME">
+ <title>Your Documentation Help is Welcome</title>
+
+<para>
+
+Any help, suggestions, and especially, patches, are greatly
+appreciated.  Working versions of this document can be found at
+<ulink url="&url-d-i-alioth-manual;" />.  There you will find a list of all the different
+architectures and languages for which this document is available.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Source is also available publicly; look in <xref linkend="administrivia"/>
+for more information concerning how to contribute.
+We welcome suggestions, comments, patches, and bug reports (use the
+package &d-i-manual; for bugs, but check first to see if the problem is
+already reported).
+
+</para>
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/getting-newest-doc.xml b/en/welcome/getting-newest-doc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..859ac23a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/getting-newest-doc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="getting-newest-doc">
+ <title>Getting the Newest Version of This Document</title>
+
+<para>
+
+This document is constantly being revised.  Be sure to check the
+<ulink url="&url-release-area;">
+Debian &release; pages</ulink> for any last-minute information about
+the &release; release of the &debian; system.  Updated versions of
+this installation manual are also available from the
+<ulink url="&url-install-manual;">official Install Manual pages</ulink>.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/getting-newest-inst.xml b/en/welcome/getting-newest-inst.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..191abdd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/getting-newest-inst.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="getting-newest-inst">
+ <title>Getting Debian</title>
+
+<para>
+
+For information on how to download &debian; from the Internet
+or from whom official Debian CDs can be purchased, see the
+<ulink url="&url-debian-distrib;">distribution web page</ulink>.
+The <ulink url="&url-debian-mirrors;">list of Debian mirrors</ulink>
+contains a full set of official Debian
+mirrors, so you can easily find the nearest one.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Debian can be upgraded after installation very easily.  The
+installation procedure will help set up the system so that you can
+make those upgrades once installation is complete, if need be.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/welcome.xml b/en/welcome/welcome.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee3a90c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/welcome.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+<chapter id="welcome"><title>Welcome to Debian</title>
+<para>
+
+This chapter provides an overview of the Debian Project and
+&debian;. If you already know about the Debian Project's
+history and the &debian; distribution, feel free to skip to
+the next chapter.
+
+</para>
+
+&what-is-debian.xml;
+&what-is-linux.xml;
+&what-is-debian-linux.xml;
+&what-is-debian-hurd.xml;
+&getting-newest-inst.xml;
+&getting-newest-doc.xml;
+&doc-organization.xml;
+&about-copyright.xml;
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/en/welcome/what-is-debian-hurd.xml b/en/welcome/what-is-debian-hurd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37f64d0ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/what-is-debian-hurd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+<!-- conditionalised because the hurd port is not yet an official debian
+release -->
+ <sect1 id="what-is-debian-hurd" condition="unofficial-build">
+ <title>What is Debian GNU/Hurd?</title>
+
+<para>
+
+Debian GNU/Hurd is a Debian GNU system that replaces the Linux
+monolithic kernel with the GNU Hurd &mdash; a set of servers running on
+top of the GNU Mach microkernel.  The Hurd is still unfinished, and is
+unsuitable for day-to-day use, but work is continuing.  The Hurd is
+currently only being developed for the i386 architecture, although
+ports to other architectures will be made once the system becomes more
+stable.
+
+</para><para>
+
+For more information, see the
+<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">
+Debian GNU/Hurd ports page</ulink>
+and the <email>debian-hurd@lists.debian.org</email>
+mailing list.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/what-is-debian-linux.xml b/en/welcome/what-is-debian-linux.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db2cd2306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/what-is-debian-linux.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="what-is-debian-linux">
+ <title>What is &debian;?</title>
+<para>
+
+The combination of Debian's philosophy and methodology and the GNU
+tools, the Linux kernel, and other important free software, form a
+unique software distribution called &debian;. This
+distribution is made up of a large number of software
+<emphasis>packages</emphasis>.  Each package in the distribution
+contains executables, scripts, documentation, and configuration
+information, and has a <emphasis>maintainer</emphasis> who is
+primarily responsible for keeping the package up-to-date, tracking bug
+reports, and communicating with the upstream author(s) of the packaged
+software. Our extremely large user base, combined with our bug
+tracking system ensures that problems are found and fixed quickly.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Debian's attention to detail allows us to produce a high-quality,
+stable, and scalable distribution.  Installations can be easily
+configured to serve many roles, from stripped-down firewalls to
+desktop scientific workstations to high-end network servers.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Debian is especially popular among advanced users because of its
+technical excellence and its deep commitment to the needs and
+expectations of the Linux community. Debian also introduced many
+features to Linux that are now commonplace.
+
+</para><para>
+
+For example, Debian was the first Linux distribution to include a
+package management system for easy installation and removal of
+software. It was also the first Linux distribution that could be
+upgraded without requiring reinstallation.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Debian continues to be a leader in Linux development. Its development
+process is an example of just how well the Open Source development
+model can work &mdash; even for very complex tasks such as building and
+maintaining a complete operating system.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The feature that most distinguishes Debian from other Linux
+distributions is its package management system.  These tools give the
+administrator of a Debian system complete control over the packages
+installed on that system, including the ability to install a single
+package or automatically update the entire operating system.
+Individual packages can also be protected from being updated.  You can
+even tell the package management system about software you have
+compiled yourself and what dependencies it fulfills.
+
+</para><para>
+
+To protect your system against <quote>Trojan horses</quote> and other malevolent
+software, Debian's servers verify that uploaded packages come from
+their registered Debian maintainers.  Debian packagers also take great
+care to configure their packages in a secure manner.  When security
+problems in shipped packages do appear, fixes are usually available
+very quickly.  With Debian's simple update options, security fixes can
+be downloaded and installed automatically across the Internet.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The primary, and best, method of getting support for your &debian;
+system and communicating with Debian Developers is through
+the many mailing lists maintained by the Debian Project (there are
+more than &num-of-debian-maillists; at this writing).  The easiest
+way to subscribe to one or more of these lists is visit
+<ulink url="&url-debian-lists-subscribe;">
+Debian's mailing list subscription page</ulink> and fill out the form
+you'll find there.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
diff --git a/en/welcome/what-is-debian.xml b/en/welcome/what-is-debian.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcd384c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/what-is-debian.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="what-is-debian">
+ <title>What is Debian?</title>
+<para>
+
+Debian is an all-volunteer organization dedicated to developing free
+software and promoting the ideals of the Free Software Foundation.
+The Debian Project began in 1993, when Ian Murdock issued an open
+invitation to software developers to contribute to a complete and
+coherent software distribution based on the relatively new Linux
+kernel.  That relatively small band of dedicated enthusiasts,
+originally funded by the
+<ulink url="&url-fsf-intro;">Free Software Foundation</ulink>
+and influenced by the
+<ulink url="&url-gnu-intro;">GNU</ulink>
+philosophy, has grown over the years into an organization of around
+&num-of-debian-developers; <firstterm>Debian Developers</firstterm>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Debian Developers are involved in a variety of activities, including
+<ulink url="&url-debian-home;">Web</ulink>
+and <ulink url="&url-debian-ftp;">FTP</ulink>
+site administration, graphic design, legal analysis of
+software licenses, writing documentation, and, of course, maintaining
+software packages.
+
+</para><para>
+
+In the interest of communicating our philosophy and attracting
+developers who believe in the principles that Debian stands for, the
+Debian Project has published a number of documents that outline our
+values and serve as guides to what it means to be a Debian Developer:
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>
+
+The
+<ulink url="&url-social-contract;">Debian Social Contract</ulink> is
+a statement of Debian's commitments to the Free Software Community.
+Anyone who agrees to abide to the Social Contract may become a
+<ulink url="&url-new-maintainer;">maintainer</ulink>.
+Any maintainer can introduce new software into Debian &mdash; provided
+that the software meets our criteria for being free, and the package
+follows our quality standards.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+The
+<ulink url="&url-dfsg;">Debian Free Software Guidelines</ulink> are a
+clear and concise statement of Debian's criteria for free software.
+The DFSG is a very influential document in the Free Software Movement,
+and was the foundation of the
+<ulink url="&url-osd;">The Open Source Definition</ulink>.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+The
+<ulink url="&url-debian-policy;">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> is an
+extensive specification of the Debian Project's standards of quality.
+
+</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</para><para>
+
+Debian developers are also involved in a number of other projects;
+some specific to Debian, others involving some or all of the Linux
+community.  Some examples include:
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>
+
+The
+<ulink url="&url-lsb-org;">Linux Standard Base</ulink>
+(LSB) is a project aimed at standardizing the basic GNU/Linux system,
+which will enable third-party software and hardware developers to
+easily design programs and device drivers for Linux-in-general, rather
+than for a specific GNU/Linux distribution.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+The
+<ulink url="&url-fhs-home;">Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</ulink>
+(FHS) is an effort to standardize the layout of the Linux
+file system. The FHS will allow software developers to concentrate
+their efforts on designing programs, without having to worry about how
+the package will be installed in different GNU/Linux distributions.
+
+</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>
+
+<ulink url="&url-debian-jr;">Debian Jr.</ulink>
+is an internal project, aimed at making sure Debian has something to
+offer to our youngest users.
+
+</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+</para><para>
+
+For more general information about Debian, see the
+<ulink url="&url-debian-faq;">Debian FAQ</ulink>.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
diff --git a/en/welcome/what-is-linux.xml b/en/welcome/what-is-linux.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1608c090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en/welcome/what-is-linux.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+
+ <sect1 id="what-is-linux">
+ <title>What is GNU/Linux?</title>
+<para>
+
+Linux is an operating system: a series of programs that let you
+interact with your computer and run other programs.
+
+</para><para>
+
+An operating system consists of various fundamental programs which are
+needed by your computer so that it can communicate and receive
+instructions from users; read and write data to hard disks, tapes, and
+printers; control the use of memory; and run other software. The most
+important part of an operating system is the kernel.  In a GNU/Linux
+system, Linux is the kernel component.  The rest of the system
+consists of other programs, many of which were written by or for the
+GNU Project.  Because the Linux kernel alone does not form a working
+operating system, we prefer to use the term <quote>GNU/Linux</quote>
+to refer to systems that many people casually refer to as
+<quote>Linux</quote>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Linux is modelled on the Unix operating system. From the start, Linux
+was designed to be a multi-tasking, multi-user system. These facts are
+enough to make Linux different from other well-known operating
+systems.  However, Linux is even more different than you might
+imagine. In contrast to other operating systems, nobody owns
+Linux. Much of its development is done by unpaid volunteers.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Development of what later became GNU/Linux began in 1984, when the
+<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/">Free Software Foundation</ulink>
+began development of a free Unix-like operating system called GNU.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The GNU Project has developed a comprehensive set of free software
+tools for use with Unix&trade; and Unix-like operating systems such as
+Linux.  These tools enable users to perform tasks ranging from the
+mundane (such as copying or removing files from the system) to the
+arcane (such as writing and compiling programs or doing sophisticated
+editing in a variety of document formats).
+
+</para><para>
+
+While many groups and individuals have contributed to Linux, the
+largest single contributor is still the Free Software Foundation,
+which created not only most of the tools used in Linux, but also the
+philosophy and the community that made Linux possible.
+
+</para><para>
+
+The <ulink url="&url-kernel-org;">Linux kernel</ulink> first
+appeared in 1991, when a Finnish computing science student named Linus
+Torvalds announced an early version of a replacement kernel for Minix
+to the Usenet newsgroup <userinput>comp.os.minix</userinput>.  See
+Linux International's
+<ulink url="&url-linux-history;">Linux History Page</ulink>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Linus Torvalds continues to coordinate the work of several hundred
+developers with the help of a few trusty deputies.  An excellent
+weekly summary of discussions on the
+<userinput>linux-kernel</userinput> mailing list is
+<ulink url="&url-kernel-traffic;">Kernel Traffic</ulink>.
+More information about the <userinput>linux-kernel</userinput> mailing
+list can be found on the
+<ulink url="&url-linux-kernel-list-faq;">linux-kernel mailing list FAQ</ulink>.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Linux users have immense freedom of choice in their software. For
+example, Linux users can choose from a dozen different command line
+shells and several graphical desktops. This selection is often
+bewildering to users of other operating systems, who are not used to
+thinking of the command line or desktop as something that they can
+change.
+
+</para><para>
+
+Linux is also less likely to crash, better able to run more than one
+program at the same time, and more secure than many operating
+systems. With these advantages, Linux is the fastest growing operating
+system in the server market. More recently, Linux has begun to be
+popular among home and business users as well.
+
+</para>
+
+ </sect1>
+