## Name

printf - format and print data

## Synopsis

```**sh
$ printf <format> [arguments...]
```

## Description

`printf` formats _argument_(s) according to _format_ and prints the result to standard output.

_format_ is similar to the C printf format string, with the following differences:
- The format specifier `b` (`%b`) is not supported.
- The format specifiers that require a writable pointer (e.g. `n`) are not supported.
- The format specifier `q` (`%q`) has a different behavior, where it shall print a given string as a quoted string, which is safe to use in shell inputs.
- Common escape sequences are interpreted, namely the following:

| escape | description |
|   :-:  |    :---     |
|  `\\\\`| literal backslash |
|  `\\"` | literal double quote |
|  `\\a` | alert (BEL) |
|  `\\b` | backspace |
|  `\\c` | Ends the format string |
|  `\\e` | escape (`\\x1b`) |
|  `\\f` | form feed |
|  `\\n` | newline |
|  `\\r` | carriage return |
|  `\\t` | tab |
|  `\\v` | vertical tab |


The _format_ string is reapplied until all arguments are consumed, and a missing argument is treated as zero for numeric format specifiers, and an empty string for string format specifiers.

## Examples

```sh
# print 64 as a hexadecimal number, with the starting '0x'
$ printf '%#x' 64

# prints "a0\n", ignoring everything after '\c'
$ printf '%s%d\n\caaaa' a

# prints "123400", as 'x' is an invalid number, and the missing argument for the last '%d' is treated as zero.
$ printf '%d%d%d' 1 2 3 4 x
```

## See also

* [`echo`(1)](../man1/echo.md)