Add Error<>

Put simply, Error<> is a way of forcing error handling onto an API user.

Given a function like:

    bool might_work();

The following code might have been written previously:

    might_work(); // but what if it didn't?

The easy way to work around this is of course to [[nodiscard]] might_work.
But this doesn't work for more complex cases like, for instance, a
hypothetical read() function which might return one of _many_ errors
(typically signalled with an int, let's say).

    int might_read();

In such a case, the result is often _read_, but not properly handled. Like:

    return buffer.substr(0, might_read()); // but what if might_read returned an error?

This is where Error<> comes in:

    typedef Error<int, 0> ReadError;
    ReadError might_read();

    auto res = might_read();
    if (might_read.failed()) {
        switch (res.value()) {
        case EBADF:
            ...
        }
    }

Error<> uses clang's consumable attributes to force failed() to be
checked on an Error instance. If it's not checked, then you get smacked.

1 files changed, 53 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/AK/Error.h b/AK/Error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b91721920d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AK/Error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <AK/Platform.h>
+
+namespace AK {
+
+template <typename T, auto NoErrorValue>
+class CONSUMABLE(unknown) Error {
+public:
+    RETURN_TYPESTATE(unknown)
+    Error()
+        : t(NoErrorValue)
+    {}
+
+    RETURN_TYPESTATE(unknown)
+    Error(T t)
+        : t(t)
+    {}
+
+    RETURN_TYPESTATE(unknown)
+    Error(Error&& other)
+        : t(move(other.t))
+    {
+    }
+
+    RETURN_TYPESTATE(unknown)
+    Error(const Error& other)
+        : t(other.t)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CALLABLE_WHEN("unknown", "consumed")
+    ~Error() {}
+
+    SET_TYPESTATE(consumed)
+    bool failed() const {
+        return t != NoErrorValue;
+    }
+
+    [[deprecated]]
+    SET_TYPESTATE(consumed)
+    void ignore() {}
+
+    const T& value() const { return t; }
+
+    bool operator==(const Error& o) { return t == o.t; }
+    bool operator!=(const Error& o) { return t != o.t; }
+    T t;
+};
+
+}
+
+using AK::Error;