path: root/po/nn/using-d-i.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual_using-d-i\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-04-09 23:04+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-11-25 19:03+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian nynorsk <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: nn\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:5
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using the &debian; Installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:7
#, no-c-format
msgid "How the Installer Works"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:9
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a "
"graphical one and a text-based one. The graphical interface is used by "
"default unless you select an <quote>Install</quote> option in the boot menu. "
"For more information about booting the graphical installer, please refer to "
"<xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:17
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a "
"text-based one and a graphical one. The text-based interface is used by "
"default unless you select an <quote>Graphical install</quote> option in the "
"boot menu. For more information about booting the graphical installer, "
"please refer to <xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:39
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For this architecture the installer uses a text-based user interface. A "
"graphical user interface is currently not available."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:44
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The &debian; Installer consists of a number of special-purpose components to "
"perform each installation task. Each component performs its task, asking the "
"user questions as necessary to do its job. The questions themselves are "
"given priorities, and the priority of questions to be asked is set when the "
"installer is started."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:52
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When a default installation is performed, only essential (high priority) "
"questions will be asked. This results in a highly automated installation "
"process with little user interaction. Components are automatically run in "
"sequence; which components are run depends mainly on the installation method "
"you use and on your hardware. The installer will use default values for "
"questions that are not asked."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:61
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If there is a problem, the user will see an error screen, and the installer "
"menu may be shown in order to select some alternative action. If there are "
"no problems, the user will never see the installer menu, but will simply "
"answer questions for each component in turn. Serious error notifications are "
"set to priority <quote>critical</quote> so the user will always be notified."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:70
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some of the defaults that the installer uses can be influenced by passing "
"boot arguments when &d-i; is started. If, for example, you wish to force "
"static network configuration (IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP are used by "
"default if available), you could add the boot parameter <userinput>netcfg/"
"disable_autoconfig=true</userinput>. See <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/> "
"for available options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:79
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Power users may be more comfortable with a menu-driven interface, where each "
"step is controlled by the user rather than the installer performing each "
"step automatically in sequence. To use the installer in a manual, menu-"
"driven way, add the boot argument <userinput>priority=medium</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:87
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If your hardware requires you to pass options to kernel modules as they are "
"installed, you will need to start the installer in <quote>expert</quote> "
"mode. This can be done by either using the <command>expert</command> command "
"to start the installer or by adding the boot argument "
"<userinput>priority=low</userinput>. Expert mode gives you full control over "
"&d-i;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:96
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the text-based environment the use of a mouse is not supported. Here are "
"the keys you can use to navigate within the various dialogs. The "
"<keycap>Tab</keycap> or <keycap>right</keycap> arrow keys move "
"<quote>forward</quote>, and the <keycombo> <keycap>Shift</keycap> "
"<keycap>Tab</keycap> </keycombo> or <keycap>left</keycap> arrow keys move "
"<quote>backward</quote> between displayed buttons and selections. The "
"<keycap>up</keycap> and <keycap>down</keycap> arrow select different items "
"within a scrollable list, and also scroll the list itself. In addition, in "
"long lists, you can type a letter to cause the list to scroll directly to "
"the section with items starting with the letter you typed and use <keycap>Pg-"
"Up</keycap> and <keycap>Pg-Down</keycap> to scroll the list in sections. The "
"<keycap>space bar</keycap> selects an item such as a checkbox. Use "
"&enterkey; to activate choices."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:113
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some dialogs may offer additional help information. If help is available "
"this will be indicated on the bottom line of the screen by displaying that "
"help information can be accessed by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:119
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"S/390 does not support virtual consoles. You may open a second and third ssh "
"session to view the logs described below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:124
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Error messages and logs are redirected to the fourth console. You can access "
"this console by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</"
"keycap></keycombo> (hold the left <keycap>Alt</keycap> key while pressing "
"the <keycap>F4</keycap> function key); get back to the main installer "
"process with <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></"
"keycombo>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:134
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These messages can also be found in <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. "
"After installation, this log is copied to <filename>/var/log/installer/"
"syslog</filename> on your new system. Other installation messages may be "
"found in <filename>/var/log/</filename> during the installation, and "
"<filename>/var/log/installer/</filename> after the computer has been booted "
"into the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:147
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using the graphical installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:148
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The graphical installer basically works the same as the text-based installer "
"and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide you through the "
"installation process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:154
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you "
"need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection "
"of countries within continents), you can use the <keycap>+</keycap> and "
"<keycap>-</keycap> keys. For questions where more than one item can be "
"selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the &BTN-CONT; "
"button after making your selections; hitting enter will toggle a selection, "
"not activate &BTN-CONT;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:164
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a dialog offers additional help information, a <guibutton>Help</"
"guibutton> button will be displayed. The help information can be accessed "
"either by activating the button or by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:170
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To switch to another console, you will also need to use the <keycap>Ctrl</"
"keycap> key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT2 "
"(the first debug shell) you would use: <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> "
"<keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F2</keycap> </keycombo>. The graphical "
"installer itself runs on VT5, so you can use <keycombo> <keycap>Left Alt</"
"keycap> <keycap>F5</keycap> </keycombo> to switch back."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:184
#, no-c-format
msgid "Components Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:185
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here is a list of installer components with a brief description of each "
"component's purpose. Details you might need to know about using a particular "
"component are in <xref linkend=\"module-details\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:196
#, no-c-format
msgid "main-menu"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:196
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Shows the list of components to the user during installer operation, and "
"starts a component when it is selected. Main-menu's questions are set to "
"priority medium, so if your priority is set to high or critical (high is the "
"default), you will not see the menu. On the other hand, if there is an error "
"which requires your intervention, the question priority may be downgraded "
"temporarily to allow you to resolve the problem, and in that case the menu "
"may appear."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:206
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can get to the main menu by selecting the &BTN-GOBACK; button repeatedly "
"to back all the way out of the currently running component."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:215
#, no-c-format
msgid "localechooser"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:215
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Allows the user to select localization options for the installation and the "
"installed system: language, country and locales. The installer will display "
"messages in the selected language, unless the translation for that language "
"is not complete in which case some messages may be shown in English."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:227
#, no-c-format
msgid "console-setup"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:227
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Shows a list of keyboard (layouts), from which the user chooses the one "
"which matches his own model."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:236
#, no-c-format
msgid "hw-detect"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:236
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Automatically detects most of the system's hardware, including network "
"cards, disk drives, and PCMCIA."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:245
#, no-c-format
msgid "cdrom-detect"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:245
#, no-c-format
msgid "Looks for and mounts a &debian; installation media."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:253
#, no-c-format
msgid "netcfg"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:253
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Configures the computer's network connections so it can communicate over the "
"internet."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:262
#, no-c-format
msgid "iso-scan"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:262
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Searches for ISO images (<filename>.iso</filename> files) on hard drives."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:270
#, no-c-format
msgid "choose-mirror"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:270
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Presents a list of &debian; archive mirrors. The user may choose the source "
"of his installation packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:279
#, no-c-format
msgid "cdrom-checker"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:279
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Checks integrity of installation media. This way, the user may assure him/"
"herself that the installation image was not corrupted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:288
#, no-c-format
msgid "lowmem"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:288
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Lowmem tries to detect systems with low memory and then does various tricks "
"to remove unnecessary parts of &d-i; from the memory (at the cost of some "
"features)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:298
#, no-c-format
msgid "anna"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:298
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Anna's Not Nearly APT. Installs packages which have been retrieved from the "
"chosen mirror or installation media."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:307
#, no-c-format
msgid "user-setup"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:307
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sets up the root password, and adds a non-root user."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:315
#, no-c-format
msgid "clock-setup"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:315
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Updates the system clock and determines whether the clock is set to UTC or "
"not."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:324
#, no-c-format
msgid "tzsetup"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:324
#, no-c-format
msgid "Selects the time zone, based on the location selected earlier."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:332
#, no-c-format
msgid "partman"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:332
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system, create file "
"systems on the selected partitions, and attach them to the mountpoints. "
"Included are also interesting features like a fully automatic mode or LVM "
"support. This is the preferred partitioning tool in &debian;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:344
#, no-c-format
msgid "partman-lvm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:344
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Helps the user with the configuration of the <firstterm>LVM</firstterm> "
"(Logical Volume Manager)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:353
#, no-c-format
msgid "partman-md"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:353
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Allows the user to set up Software <firstterm>RAID</firstterm> (Redundant "
"Array of Inexpensive Disks). This Software RAID is usually superior to the "
"cheap IDE (pseudo hardware) RAID controllers found on newer motherboards."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:364
#, no-c-format
msgid "base-installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:364
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Installs the most basic set of packages which would allow the computer to "
"operate under &debian-gnu; when rebooted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:373
#, no-c-format
msgid "apt-setup"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:373
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Configures apt, mostly automatically, based on what media the installer is "
"running from."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:382
#, no-c-format
msgid "pkgsel"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:382
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Uses <classname>tasksel</classname> to select and install additional "
"software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:390
#, no-c-format
msgid "os-prober"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:390
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Detects currently installed operating systems on the computer and passes "
"this information to the bootloader-installer, which may offer you an ability "
"to add discovered operating systems to the bootloader's start menu. This way "
"the user could easily choose at the boot time which operating system to "
"start."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:402
#, no-c-format
msgid "bootloader-installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:402
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The various bootloader installers each install a boot loader program on the "
"hard disk, which is necessary for the computer to start up using &arch-"
"kernel; without using a USB stick or CD-ROM. Many boot loaders allow the "
"user to choose an alternate operating system each time the computer boots."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:413
#, no-c-format
msgid "shell"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:413
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Allows the user to execute a shell from the menu, or in the second console."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:422
#, no-c-format
msgid "save-logs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:422
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Provides a way for the user to record information on a USB stick, network, "
"hard disk, or other media when trouble is encountered, in order to "
"accurately report installer software problems to &debian; developers later."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:440
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using Individual Components"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:441
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this section we will describe each installer component in detail. The "
"components have been grouped into stages that should be recognizable for "
"users. They are presented in the order they appear during the install. Note "
"that not all modules will be used for every installation; which modules are "
"actually used depends on the installation method you use and on your "
"hardware."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:453
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting up &debian; Installer and Hardware Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:454
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's assume the &debian; Installer has booted and you are facing its first "
"screen. At this time, the capabilities of &d-i; are still quite limited. It "
"doesn't know much about your hardware, preferred language, or even the task "
"it should perform. Don't worry. Because &d-i; is quite clever, it can "
"automatically probe your hardware, locate the rest of its components and "
"upgrade itself to a capable installation system. However, you still need to "
"help &d-i; with some information it can't determine automatically (like "
"selecting your preferred language, keyboard layout or desired network "
"mirror)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:467
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You will notice that &d-i; performs <firstterm>hardware detection</"
"firstterm> several times during this stage. The first time is targeted "
"specifically at the hardware needed to load installer components (e.g. your "
"CD-ROM or network card). As not all drivers may be available during this "
"first run, hardware detection needs to be repeated later in the process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:475
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"During hardware detection &d-i; checks if any of the drivers for the "
"hardware devices in your system require firmware to be loaded. If any "
"firmware is requested but unavailable, a dialog will be displayed that "
"allows the missing firmware to be loaded from a removable medium. See <xref "
"linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/> for further details."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:490
#, no-c-format
msgid "Check available memory / low memory mode"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:492
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the first things &d-i; does, is to check available memory. If the "
"available memory is limited, this component will make some changes in the "
"installation process which hopefully will allow you to install &debian-gnu; "
"on your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:499
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The first measure taken to reduce memory consumption by the installer is to "
"disable translations, which means that the installation can only be done in "
"English. Of course, you can still localize the installed system after the "
"installation has completed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:506
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If that is not sufficient, the installer will further reduce memory "
"consumption by loading only those components essential to complete a basic "
"installation. This reduces the functionality of the installation system. You "
"will be given the opportunity to load additional components manually, but "
"you should be aware that each component you select will use additional "
"memory and thus may cause the installation to fail."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:515
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the installer runs in low memory mode, it is recommended to create a "
"relatively large swap partition (64&ndash;128MB). The swap partition will be "
"used as virtual memory and thus increases the amount of memory available to "
"the system. The installer will activate the swap partition as early as "
"possible in the installation process. Note that heavy use of swap will "
"reduce performance of your system and may lead to high disk activity."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:525
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Despite these measures, it is still possible that your system freezes, that "
"unexpected errors occur or that processes are killed by the kernel because "
"the system runs out of memory (which will result in <quote>Out of memory</"
"quote> messages on VT4 and in the syslog)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:532
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For example, it has been reported that creating a big ext3 file system fails "
"in low memory mode when there is insufficient swap space. If a larger swap "
"doesn't help, try creating the file system as ext2 (which is an essential "
"component of the installer) instead. It is possible to change an ext2 "
"partition to ext3 after the installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:540
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is possible to force the installer to use a higher lowmem level than the "
"one based on available memory by using the boot parameter <quote>lowmem</"
"quote> as described in <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:555
#, no-c-format
msgid "Selecting Localization Options"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:557
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In most cases the first questions you will be asked concern the selection of "
"localization options to be used both for the installation and for the "
"installed system. The localization options consist of language, location and "
"locales."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:564
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The language you choose will be used for the rest of the installation "
"process, provided a translation of the different dialogs is available. If no "
"valid translation is available for the selected language, the installer will "
"default to English."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:571
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The selected geographic location (in most cases a country) will be used "
"later in the installation process to select the correct time zone and a "
"&debian; mirror appropriate for that country. Language and country together "
"will help determine the default locale for your system and select the "
"correct keyboard layout."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:579
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You will first be asked to select your preferred language. The language "
"names are listed both in English (left side) and in the language itself "
"(right side); the names on the right side are also shown in the proper "
"script for the language. The list is sorted on the English names. At the top "
"of the list is an extra option that allows you to select the <quote>C</"
"quote> locale instead of a language. Choosing the <quote>C</quote> locale "
"will result in the installation proceeding in English; the installed system "
"will have no localization support as the <classname>locales</classname> "
"package will not be installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:591
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Next you will be asked to select your geographic location. If you selected a "
"language that is recognized as an official language for more than one "
"country<footnote> <para> In technical terms: where multiple locales exist "
"for that language with differing country codes. </para> </footnote>, you "
"will be shown a list of only those countries. To select a country that is "
"not in that list, choose <guimenuitem>other</guimenuitem> (the last option). "
"You will then be presented with a list of continents; selecting a continent "
"will lead to a list of relevant countries on that continent."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:608
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the language has only one country associated with it, a list of countries "
"will be displayed for the continent or region the country belongs to, with "
"that country selected as the default. Use the <guibutton>Go Back</guibutton> "
"option to select countries on a different continent."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:615
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is important to select the country where you live or where you are "
"located as it determines the time zone that will be configured for the "
"installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:621
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you selected a combination of language and country for which no locale is "
"defined and there exist multiple locales for the language, then the "
"installer will allow you to choose which of those locales you prefer as the "
"default locale for the installed system<footnote> <para> At medium and low "
"priority you can always select your preferred locale from those available "
"for the selected language (if there's more than one). </para> </footnote>. "
"In all other cases a default locale will be selected based on the selected "
"language and country."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:636
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any default locale selected as described in the previous paragraph will use "
"<firstterm>UTF-8</firstterm> as character encoding."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:641
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing at low priority, you will have the option of selecting "
"additional locales, including so-called <quote>legacy</quote> "
"locales<footnote> <para> Legacy locales are locales which do not use UTF-8, "
"but one of the older standards for character encoding such as "
"ISO&nbsp;8859-1 (used by West European languages) or EUC-JP (used by "
"Japanese). </para> </footnote>, to be generated for the installed system; if "
"you do, you will be asked which of the selected locales should be the "
"default for the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:665
#, no-c-format
msgid "Choosing a Keyboard"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:667
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Keyboards are often tailored to the characters used in a language. Select a "
"layout that conforms to the keyboard you are using, or select something "
"close if the keyboard layout you want isn't represented. Once the system "
"installation is complete, you'll be able to select a keyboard layout from a "
"wider range of choices (run <command>dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-"
"configuration</command> as root after you have completed the installation)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:677
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Move the highlight to the keyboard selection you desire and press "
"&enterkey;. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight &mdash; they are in the "
"same place in all national language keyboard layouts, so they are "
"independent of the keyboard configuration."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:704
#, no-c-format
msgid "Looking for the &debian; Installer ISO Image"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:705
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When installing via the <emphasis>hd-media</emphasis> method, there will be "
"a moment where you need to find and mount the &debian; Installer iso image "
"in order to get the rest of the installation files. The component "
"<command>iso-scan</command> does exactly this."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:712
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"At first, <command>iso-scan</command> automatically mounts all block devices "
"(e.g. partitions and logical volumes) which have some known filesystem on "
"them and sequentially searches for filenames ending with <filename>.iso</"
"filename> (or <filename>.ISO</filename> for that matter). Beware that the "
"first attempt scans only files in the root directory and in the first level "
"of subdirectories (i.e. it finds <filename>/<replaceable>whatever</"
"replaceable>.iso</filename>, <filename>/data/<replaceable>whatever</"
"replaceable>.iso</filename>, but not <filename>/data/tmp/"
"<replaceable>whatever</replaceable>.iso</filename>). After an iso image has "
"been found, <command>iso-scan</command> checks its content to determine if "
"the image is a valid &debian; iso image or not. In the former case we are "
"done, in the latter <command>iso-scan</command> seeks for another image."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:729
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In case the previous attempt to find an installer iso image fails, "
"<command>iso-scan</command> will ask you whether you would like to perform a "
"more thorough search. This pass doesn't just look into the topmost "
"directories, but really traverses whole filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:736
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If <command>iso-scan</command> does not discover your installer iso image, "
"reboot back to your original operating system and check if the image is "
"named correctly (ending in <filename>.iso</filename>), if it is placed on a "
"filesystem recognizable by &d-i;, and if it is not corrupted (verify the "
"checksum). Experienced Unix users could do this without rebooting on the "
"second console."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:745
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that the partition (or disk) hosting the ISO image can't be reused "
"during the installation process as it will be in use by the installer. To "
"work-around this, and provided that you have enough system memory, the "
"installer can copy the ISO image into RAM before mounting it. This is "
"controlled by the low priority <literal>iso-scan/copy_iso_to_ram</literal> "
"debconf question (it is only asked if the memory requirement is met)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:766
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Network"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:768
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As you enter this step, if the system detects that you have more than one "
"network device, you'll be asked to choose which device will be your "
"<emphasis>primary</emphasis> network interface, i.e. the one which you want "
"to use for installation. The other interfaces won't be configured at this "
"time. You may configure additional interfaces after installation is "
"complete; see the <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle> "
"<manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> man page."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:782
#, no-c-format
msgid "Automatic network configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:783
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, &d-i; tries to configure your computer's network automatically "
"as far as possible. If the automatic configuration fails, that may be caused "
"by many factors ranging from an unplugged network cable to missing "
"infrastructure for automatic configuration. For further explanation in case "
"of errors, check the error messages on the fourth console. In any case, you "
"will be asked if you want to retry, or if you want to perform a manual "
"setup. Sometimes the network services used for autoconfiguration can be slow "
"in their responses, so if you are sure everything is in place, simply start "
"the autoconfiguration attempt again. If autoconfiguration fails repeatedly, "
"you can instead choose the manual network setup."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:802
#, no-c-format
msgid "Manual network configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:803
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The manual network setup in turn asks you a number of questions about your "
"network, notably <computeroutput>IP address</computeroutput>, "
"<computeroutput>Netmask</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Gateway</"
"computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Name server addresses</computeroutput>, and "
"a <computeroutput>Hostname</computeroutput>. Moreover, if you have a "
"wireless network interface, you will be asked to provide your "
"<computeroutput>Wireless ESSID</computeroutput> (<quote>wireless network "
"name</quote>) and a <computeroutput>WEP key</computeroutput> or "
"<computeroutput>WPA/WPA2 passphrase</computeroutput>. Fill in the answers "
"from <xref linkend=\"needed-info\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:819
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some technical details you might, or might not, find handy: the program "
"assumes the network IP address is the bitwise-AND of your system's IP "
"address and your netmask. The default broadcast address is calculated as the "
"bitwise OR of your system's IP address with the bitwise negation of the "
"netmask. It will also guess your gateway. If you can't find any of these "
"answers, use the offered defaults &mdash; if necessary, you can change them "
"by editing <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> once the system has "
"been installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:834
#, no-c-format
msgid "IPv4 and IPv6"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:835
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"From &debian-gnu; 7.0 (<quote>Wheezy</quote>) onwards, &d-i; supports IPv6 "
"as well as the <quote>classic</quote> IPv4. All combinations of IPv4 and "
"IPv6 (IPv4-only, IPv6-only and dual-stack configurations) are supported."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:841
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Autoconfiguration for IPv4 is done via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration "
"Protocol). Autoconfiguration for IPv6 supports stateless autoconfiguration "
"using NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol, including recursive DNS server "
"(RDNSS) assignment), stateful autoconfiguration via DHCPv6 and mixed "
"stateless/stateful autoconfiguration (address configuration via NDP, "
"additional parameters via DHCPv6)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:885
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Up Users And Passwords"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:886
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Just before configuring the clock, the installer will allow you to set up "
"the <quote>root</quote> account and/or an account for the first user. Other "
"user accounts can be created after the installation has been completed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:900
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set the Root Password"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:902
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>root</emphasis> account is also called the <emphasis>super-"
"user</emphasis>; it is a login that bypasses all security protection on your "
"system. The root account should only be used to perform system "
"administration, and only used for as short a time as possible."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:910
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any password you create should contain at least 6 characters, and should "
"contain both upper- and lower-case characters, as well as punctuation "
"characters. Take extra care when setting your root password, since it is "
"such a powerful account. Avoid dictionary words or use of any personal "
"information which could be guessed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:918
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If anyone ever tells you they need your root password, be extremely wary. "
"You should normally never give your root password out, unless you are "
"administering a machine with more than one system administrator."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:924
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In case you do not specify a password for the <quote>root</quote> user here, "
"this account will be disabled but the <command>sudo</command> package will "
"be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the "
"new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed "
"to use the <command>sudo</command> command to become root."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:936
#, no-c-format
msgid "Create an Ordinary User"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:938
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The system will ask you whether you wish to create an ordinary user account "
"at this point. This account should be your main personal log-in. You should "
"<emphasis>not</emphasis> use the root account for daily use or as your "
"personal login."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:947
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Why not? Well, one reason to avoid using root's privileges is that it is "
"very easy to do irreparable damage as root. Another reason is that you might "
"be tricked into running a <emphasis>Trojan-horse</emphasis> program &mdash; "
"that is a program that takes advantage of your super-user powers to "
"compromise the security of your system behind your back. Any good book on "
"Unix system administration will cover this topic in more detail &mdash; "
"consider reading one if it is new to you."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:957
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You will first be prompted for the user's full name. Then you'll be asked "
"for a name for the user account; generally your first name or something "
"similar will suffice and indeed will be the default. Finally, you will be "
"prompted for a password for this account."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:964
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If at any point after installation you would like to create another account, "
"use the <command>adduser</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:979
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Clock and Time Zone"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:981
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The installer will first attempt to connect to a time server on the Internet "
"(using the <firstterm>NTP</firstterm> protocol) in order to correctly set "
"the system time. If this does not succeed, the installer will assume the "
"time and date obtained from the system clock when the installation system "
"was booted are correct. It is not possible to manually set the system time "
"during the installation process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:990
#, no-c-format
msgid "The installer does not modify the system clock on the S/390 platform."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1003
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Depending on the location selected earlier in the installation process, you "
"may be shown a list of time zones relevant for that location. If your "
"location has only one time zone and you are doing a default installation, "
"you will not be asked anything and the system will assume that time zone."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1011
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In expert mode or when installing at medium priority, you will have the "
"additional option to select <quote>Coordinated Universal Time</quote> (UTC) "
"as time zone."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1017
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If for some reason you wish to set a time zone for the installed system that "
"does <emphasis>not</emphasis> match the selected location, there are two "
"options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1028
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The simplest option is to just select a different time zone after the "
"installation has been completed and you've booted into the new system. The "
"command to do this is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: using-d-i.xml:1034
#, no-c-format
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1040
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the time zone can be set at the very start of the "
"installation by passing the parameter <userinput>time/"
"zone=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput> when you boot the "
"installation system. The value should of course be a valid time zone, for "
"example <userinput>Europe/London</userinput> or <userinput>UTC</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1054
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For automated installations the time zone can be set to any desired value "
"using preseeding."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1067
#, no-c-format
msgid "Partitioning and Mount Point Selection"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1068
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"At this time, after hardware detection has been executed a final time, &d-i; "
"should be at its full strength, customized for the user's needs and ready to "
"do some real work. As the title of this section indicates, the main task of "
"the next few components lies in partitioning your disks, creating "
"filesystems, assigning mountpoints and optionally configuring closely "
"related options like RAID, LVM or encrypted devices."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1089
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are uncomfortable with partitioning, or just want to know more "
"details, see <xref linkend=\"partitioning\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1096
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"First you will be given the opportunity to automatically partition either an "
"entire drive, or available free space on a drive. This is also called "
"<quote>guided</quote> partitioning. If you do not want to autopartition, "
"choose <guimenuitem>Manual</guimenuitem> from the menu."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1106
#, no-c-format
msgid "Supported partitioning options"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1107
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The partitioner used in &d-i; is fairly versatile. It allows to create many "
"different partitioning schemes, using various partition tables, file systems "
"and advanced block devices."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1113
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Exactly which options are available depends mainly on the architecture, but "
"also on other factors. For example, on systems with limited internal memory "
"some options may not be available. Defaults may vary as well. The type of "
"partition table used by default can for example be different for large "
"capacity hard disks than for smaller hard disks. Some options can only be "
"changed when installing at medium or low debconf priority; at higher "
"priorities sensible defaults will be used."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1124
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The installer supports various forms of advanced partitioning and use of "
"storage devices, which in many cases can be used in combination."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1131
#, no-c-format
msgid "Logical Volume Management (LVM)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1134
#, no-c-format
msgid "Software RAID"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1135
#, no-c-format
msgid "Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1139
#, no-c-format
msgid "Encryption"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1141
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>Multipath</emphasis> (experimental)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1143
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-multipath;\">our Wiki</ulink> for information. "
"Support for multipath is currently only available if enabled when the "
"installer is booted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1150
#, no-c-format
msgid "The following file systems are supported."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1155
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<phrase arch=\"arm;mipsel;mips64el\"><emphasis>ext2r0</emphasis>,</phrase> "
"<emphasis>ext2</emphasis>, <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext3</"
"emphasis>,</phrase> <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext4</emphasis></"
"phrase>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1160
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The default file system selected in most cases is ext4; for <filename>/boot</"
"filename> partitions ext2 will be selected by default when guided "
"partitioning is used."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1165
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>jfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1169
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>ufs</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1170
#, no-c-format
msgid "The default file system is UFS."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1173
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>xfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1177
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>zfs</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1178
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As ZFS support in the installer is still in development, only a basic subset "
"of ZFS features are supported. Some of them can be enabled manually after "
"the initial install, but there are some caveats:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1183
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each ZFS pool will host only one filesystem. After install is finished, more "
"filesystems can be created on this pool by using the <quote>zfs create</"
"quote> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1188
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each ZFS pool will be composed of exactly one partition. After install is "
"finished, a single-device ZFS pool can be converted into a multi-device pool "
"by using the <quote>zpool add</quote> command, or into a mirrored pool by "
"using the <quote>zpool attach</quote> command. However, you shouldn't do "
"this on the pool that hosts root filesystem, as it would prevent GRUB from "
"booting your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1196
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Compression is not currently supported. After the install is finished, "
"compression can be enabled by setting the <quote>compression</quote> "
"property via the <quote>zfs set</quote> command. However, if a compression "
"algorithm other than the default (lzjb) is used on the pool that hosts your "
"root filesystem, this may prevent GRUB from booting your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1205
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>reiserfs</emphasis> (optional; not available on all architectures)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1207
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Support for the Reiser file system is no longer available by default. When "
"the installer is running at medium or low debconf priority it can be enabled "
"by selecting the <classname>partman-reiserfs</classname> component. Only "
"version 3 of the file system is supported."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1214
#, no-c-format
msgid "jffs2"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1215
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Used on some systems to read flash memory. It is not possible to create new "
"jffs2 partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: emphasis
#: using-d-i.xml:1220
#, no-c-format
msgid "qnx4"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1221
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Existing partitions will be recognized and it is possible to assign mount "
"points for them. It is not possible to create new qnx4 partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1225
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>FAT16</emphasis>, <emphasis>FAT32</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1228
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>NTFS</emphasis> (read-only)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1230
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Existing NTFS partitions can be resized and it is possible to assign mount "
"points for them. It is not possible to create new NTFS partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1240
#, no-c-format
msgid "Guided Partitioning"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1241
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you choose guided partitioning, you may have three options: to create "
"partitions directly on the hard disk (classic method), or to create them "
"using Logical Volume Management (LVM), or to create them using encrypted "
"LVM<footnote> <para> The installer will encrypt the LVM volume group using a "
"256 bit AES key and makes use of the kernel's <quote>dm-crypt</quote> "
"support. </para> </footnote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1256
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The option to use (encrypted) LVM may not be available on all architectures."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1261
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using LVM or encrypted LVM, the installer will create most partitions "
"inside one big partition; the advantage of this method is that partitions "
"inside this big partition can be resized relatively easily later. In the "
"case of encrypted LVM the big partition will not be readable without knowing "
"a special key phrase, thus providing extra security of your (personal) data."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1270
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using encrypted LVM, the installer will also automatically erase the "
"disk by writing random data to it. This further improves security (as it "
"makes it impossible to tell which parts of the disk are in use and also "
"makes sure that any traces of previous installations are erased), but may "
"take some time depending on the size of your disk."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1279
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you choose guided partitioning using LVM or encrypted LVM, some changes "
"in the partition table will need to be written to the selected disk while "
"LVM is being set up. These changes effectively erase all data that is "
"currently on the selected hard disk and you will not be able to undo them "
"later. However, the installer will ask you to confirm these changes before "
"they are written to disk."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1289
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you choose guided partitioning<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> (either classic "
"or using (encrypted) LVM)</phrase> for a whole disk, you will first be asked "
"to select the disk you want to use. Check that all your disks are listed "
"and, if you have several disks, make sure you select the correct one. The "
"order they are listed in may differ from what you are used to. The size of "
"the disks may help to identify them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1298
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any data on the disk you select will eventually be lost, but you will always "
"be asked to confirm any changes before they are written to the disk. <phrase "
"arch=\"linux-any\"> If you have selected the classic method of partitioning, "
"you will be able to undo any changes right until the end; when using "
"(encrypted) LVM this is not possible. </phrase>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1308
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Next, you will be able to choose from the schemes listed in the table below. "
"All schemes have their pros and cons, some of which are discussed in <xref "
"linkend=\"partitioning\"/>. If you are unsure, choose the first one. Bear in "
"mind that guided partitioning needs a certain minimal amount of free space "
"to operate with. If you don't give it at least about 1GB of space (depends "
"on chosen scheme), guided partitioning will fail."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1324
#, no-c-format
msgid "Partitioning scheme"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1325
#, no-c-format
msgid "Minimum space"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1326
#, no-c-format
msgid "Created partitions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1332
#, no-c-format
msgid "All files in one partition"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1333
#, no-c-format
msgid "600MB"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1334
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>/</filename>, swap"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1336
#, no-c-format
msgid "Separate /home partition"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1337
#, no-c-format
msgid "500MB"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1338
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, swap"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1342
#, no-c-format
msgid "Separate /home, /var and /tmp partitions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1343
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>1GB</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1344
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, <filename>/var</"
"filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, swap"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1353
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you choose guided partitioning using (encrypted) LVM, the installer will "
"also create a separate <filename>/boot</filename> partition. The other "
"partitions, including the swap partition, will be created inside the LVM "
"partition."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1359
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you have booted in EFI mode then within the guided partitioning setup "
"there will be an additional partition, formatted as a FAT32 bootable "
"filesystem, for the EFI boot loader. This partition is known as an EFI "
"System Partition (ESP). There is also an additional menu item in the "
"formatting menu to manually set up a partition as an ESP."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1367
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After selecting a scheme, the next screen will show your new partition "
"table, including information on whether and how partitions will be formatted "
"and where they will be mounted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1373
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The list of partitions might look like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
"  SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 6.4 GB WDC AC36400L\n"
"        #1 primary   16.4 MB  B f ext2       /boot\n"
"        #2 primary  551.0 MB      swap       swap\n"
"        #3 primary    5.8 GB      ntfs\n"
"           pri/log    8.2 MB      FREE SPACE\n"
"\n"
"  SCSI2 (1,0,0) (sdb) - 80.0 GB ST380021A\n"
"        #1 primary   15.9 MB      ext3\n"
"        #2 primary  996.0 MB      fat16\n"
"        #3 primary    3.9 GB      xfs        /home\n"
"        #5 logical    6.0 GB    f ext4       /\n"
"        #6 logical    1.0 GB    f ext3       /var\n"
"        #7 logical  498.8 MB      ext3\n"
"</screen></informalexample> This example shows two hard drives divided into "
"several partitions; the first disk has some free space. Each partition line "
"consists of the partition number, its type, size, optional flags, file "
"system, and mountpoint (if any). Note: this particular setup cannot be "
"created using guided partitioning but it does show possible variation that "
"can be achieved using manual partitioning."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1386
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This concludes the guided partitioning. If you are satisfied with the "
"generated partition table, you can choose <guimenuitem>Finish partitioning "
"and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the menu to implement the new "
"partition table (as described at the end of this section). If you are not "
"happy, you can choose to <guimenuitem>Undo changes to partitions</"
"guimenuitem> and run guided partitioning again, or modify the proposed "
"changes as described below for manual partitioning."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1400
#, no-c-format
msgid "Manual Partitioning"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1401
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A similar screen to the one shown just above will be displayed if you choose "
"manual partitioning except that your existing partition table will be shown "
"and without the mount points. How to manually set up your partition table "
"and the usage of partitions by your new &debian; system will be covered in "
"the remainder of this section."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1409
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you select a pristine disk which has neither partitions nor free space on "
"it, you will be asked if a new partition table should be created (this is "
"needed so you can create new partitions). After this, a new line entitled "
"<quote>FREE SPACE</quote> should appear in the table under the selected disk."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1417
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you select some free space, you will have the opportunity to create a new "
"partition. You will have to answer a quick series of questions about its "
"size, type (primary or logical), and location (beginning or end of the free "
"space). After this, you will be presented with a detailed overview of your "
"new partition. The main setting is <guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, which "
"determines if the partition will have a file system on it, or be used for "
"swap,<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM, an encrypted file "
"system,</phrase> or not be used at all. Other settings include mountpoint, "
"mount options, and bootable flag; which settings are shown depends on how "
"the partition is to be used. If you don't like the preselected defaults, "
"feel free to change them to your liking. E.g. by selecting the option "
"<guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, you can choose a different filesystem "
"for this partition, including options to use the partition for swap,<phrase "
"arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM,</phrase> or not use it at all. When "
"you are satisfied with your new partition, select <guimenuitem>Done setting "
"up the partition</guimenuitem> and you will return to <command>partman</"
"command>'s main screen."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1438
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you decide you want to change something about your partition, simply "
"select the partition, which will bring you to the partition configuration "
"menu. This is the same screen as is used when creating a new partition, so "
"you can change the same settings. One thing that may not be very obvious at "
"a first glance is that you can resize the partition by selecting the item "
"displaying the size of the partition. Filesystems known to work are at least "
"fat16, fat32, ext2, ext3 and swap. This menu also allows you to delete a "
"partition."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1449
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Be sure to create at least two partitions: one for the <emphasis>root</"
"emphasis> filesystem (which must be mounted as <filename>/</filename>) and "
"one for <emphasis>swap</emphasis>. If you forget to mount the root "
"filesystem, <command>partman</command> won't let you continue until you "
"correct this issue."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1457
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you boot in EFI mode but forget to select and format an EFI System "
"Partition, <command>partman</command> will detect this and will not let you "
"continue until you allocate one."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1463
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Capabilities of <command>partman</command> can be extended with installer "
"modules, but are dependent on your system's architecture. So if you can't "
"see all promised goodies, check if you have loaded all required modules (e."
"g. <filename>partman-ext3</filename>, <filename>partman-xfs</filename>, or "
"<filename>partman-lvm</filename>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1471
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you are satisfied with partitioning, select <guimenuitem>Finish "
"partitioning and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the partitioning "
"menu. You will be presented with a summary of changes made to the disks and "
"asked to confirm that the filesystems should be created as requested."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1486
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1487
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you have more than one harddrive<footnote><para> To be honest, you can "
"construct an MD device even from partitions residing on single physical "
"drive, but that won't give any benefits. </para></footnote> in your "
"computer, you can use <command>partman-md</command> to set up your drives "
"for increased performance and/or better reliability of your data. The result "
"is called <firstterm>Multidisk Device</firstterm> (or after its most famous "
"variant <firstterm>software RAID</firstterm>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1500
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"MD is basically a bunch of partitions located on different disks and "
"combined together to form a <emphasis>logical</emphasis> device. This device "
"can then be used like an ordinary partition (i.e. in <command>partman</"
"command> you can format it, assign a mountpoint, etc.)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1508
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"What benefits this brings depends on the type of MD device you are creating. "
"Currently supported are: <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>RAID0</"
"term><listitem><para> Is mainly aimed at performance. RAID0 splits all "
"incoming data into <firstterm>stripes</firstterm> and distributes them "
"equally over each disk in the array. This can increase the speed of read/"
"write operations, but when one of the disks fails, you will lose "
"<emphasis>everything</emphasis> (part of the information is still on the "
"healthy disk(s), the other part <emphasis>was</emphasis> on the failed "
"disk). </para><para> The typical use for RAID0 is a partition for video "
"editing. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID1</"
"term><listitem><para> Is suitable for setups where reliability is the first "
"concern. It consists of several (usually two) equally-sized partitions where "
"every partition contains exactly the same data. This essentially means three "
"things. First, if one of your disks fails, you still have the data mirrored "
"on the remaining disks. Second, you can use only a fraction of the available "
"capacity (more precisely, it is the size of the smallest partition in the "
"RAID). Third, file-reads are load-balanced among the disks, which can "
"improve performance on a server, such as a file server, that tends to be "
"loaded with more disk reads than writes. </para><para> Optionally you can "
"have a spare disk in the array which will take the place of the failed disk "
"in the case of failure. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> "
"<term>RAID5</term><listitem><para> Is a good compromise between speed, "
"reliability and data redundancy. RAID5 splits all incoming data into stripes "
"and distributes them equally on all but one disk (similar to RAID0). Unlike "
"RAID0, RAID5 also computes <firstterm>parity</firstterm> information, which "
"gets written on the remaining disk. The parity disk is not static (that "
"would be called RAID4), but is changing periodically, so the parity "
"information is distributed equally on all disks. When one of the disks "
"fails, the missing part of information can be computed from remaining data "
"and its parity. RAID5 must consist of at least three active partitions. "
"Optionally you can have a spare disk in the array which will take the place "
"of the failed disk in the case of failure. </para><para> As you can see, "
"RAID5 has a similar degree of reliability to RAID1 while achieving less "
"redundancy. On the other hand, it might be a bit slower on write operations "
"than RAID0 due to computation of parity information. </para></listitem> </"
"varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID6</term><listitem><para> Is similar "
"to RAID5 except that it uses two parity devices instead of one. </"
"para><para> A RAID6 array can survive up to two disk failures. </para></"
"listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID10</term><listitem><para> "
"RAID10 combines striping (as in RAID0) and mirroring (as in RAID1). It "
"creates <replaceable>n</replaceable> copies of incoming data and distributes "
"them across the partitions so that none of the copies of the same data are "
"on the same device. The default value of <replaceable>n</replaceable> is 2, "
"but it can be set to something else in expert mode. The number of partitions "
"used must be at least <replaceable>n</replaceable>. RAID10 has different "
"layouts for distributing the copies. The default is near copies. Near copies "
"have all of the copies at about the same offset on all of the disks. Far "
"copies have the copies at different offsets on the disks. Offset copies copy "
"the stripe, not the individual copies. </para><para> RAID10 can be used to "
"achieve reliability and redundancy without the drawback of having to "
"calculate parity. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> To sum "
"it up:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1622
#, no-c-format
msgid "Type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1623
#, no-c-format
msgid "Minimum Devices"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1624
#, no-c-format
msgid "Spare Device"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1625
#, no-c-format
msgid "Survives disk failure?"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1626
#, no-c-format
msgid "Available Space"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1632
#, no-c-format
msgid "RAID0"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1633 using-d-i.xml:1641 using-d-i.xml:1671
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>2</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1634 using-d-i.xml:1635
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>no</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1636
#, no-c-format
msgid "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by number of devices in RAID"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1640
#, no-c-format
msgid "RAID1"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1642 using-d-i.xml:1650 using-d-i.xml:1661 using-d-i.xml:1672
#, no-c-format
msgid "optional"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1643 using-d-i.xml:1651 using-d-i.xml:1662 using-d-i.xml:1673
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>yes</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1644
#, no-c-format
msgid "Size of the smallest partition in RAID"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1648
#, no-c-format
msgid "RAID5"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1649
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>3</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1652
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID "
"minus one)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1659
#, no-c-format
msgid "RAID6"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1660
#, no-c-format
msgid "<entry>4</entry>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1663
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID "
"minus two)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1670
#, no-c-format
msgid "RAID10"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: using-d-i.xml:1674
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Total of all partitions divided by the number of chunk copies (defaults to "
"two)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1681
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you want to know more about Software RAID, have a look at <ulink url="
"\"&url-software-raid-howto;\">Software RAID HOWTO</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1686
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To create an MD device, you need to have the desired partitions it should "
"consist of marked for use in a RAID. (This is done in <command>partman</"
"command> in the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu where you should "
"select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume "
"for RAID</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1695
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Make sure that the system can be booted with the partitioning scheme you are "
"planning. In general it will be necessary to create a separate file system "
"for <filename>/boot</filename> when using RAID for the root (<filename>/</"
"filename>) file system. Most boot loaders <phrase arch=\"x86\">(including "
"grub)</phrase> do support mirrored (not striped!) RAID1, so using for "
"example RAID5 for <filename>/</filename> and RAID1 for <filename>/boot</"
"filename> can be an option."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1706
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Next, you should choose <guimenuitem>Configure software RAID</guimenuitem> "
"from the main <command>partman</command> menu. (The menu will only appear "
"after you mark at least one partition for use as <guimenuitem>physical "
"volume for RAID</guimenuitem>.) On the first screen of <command>partman-md</"
"command> simply select <guimenuitem>Create MD device</guimenuitem>. You will "
"be presented with a list of supported types of MD devices, from which you "
"should choose one (e.g. RAID1). What follows depends on the type of MD you "
"selected."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1719
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RAID0 is simple &mdash; you will be issued with the list of available RAID "
"partitions and your only task is to select the partitions which will form "
"the MD."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1726
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RAID1 is a bit more tricky. First, you will be asked to enter the number of "
"active devices and the number of spare devices which will form the MD. Next, "
"you need to select from the list of available RAID partitions those that "
"will be active and then those that will be spare. The count of selected "
"partitions must be equal to the number provided earlier. Don't worry. If you "
"make a mistake and select a different number of partitions, &d-i; won't let "
"you continue until you correct the issue."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1738
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RAID5 has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 with the exception that you "
"need to use at least <emphasis>three</emphasis> active partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1744
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RAID6 also has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except that at least "
"<emphasis>four</emphasis> active partitions are required."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1750
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RAID10 again has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except in expert mode. "
"In expert mode, &d-i; will ask you for the layout. The layout has two parts. "
"The first part is the layout type. It is either <literal>n</literal> (for "
"near copies), <literal>f</literal> (for far copies), or <literal>o</literal> "
"(for offset copies). The second part is the number of copies to make of the "
"data. There must be at least that many active devices so that all of the "
"copies can be distributed onto different disks."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1764
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is perfectly possible to have several types of MD at once. For example, "
"if you have three 200 GB hard drives dedicated to MD, each containing two "
"100 GB partitions, you can combine the first partitions on all three disks "
"into the RAID0 (fast 300 GB video editing partition) and use the other three "
"partitions (2 active and 1 spare) for RAID1 (quite reliable 100 GB partition "
"for <filename>/home</filename>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1773
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you set up MD devices to your liking, you can <guimenuitem>Finish</"
"guimenuitem> <command>partman-md</command> to return back to the "
"<command>partman</command> to create filesystems on your new MD devices and "
"assign them the usual attributes like mountpoints."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1788
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1789
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are working with computers at the level of system administrator or "
"<quote>advanced</quote> user, you have surely seen the situation where some "
"disk partition (usually the most important one) was short on space, while "
"some other partition was grossly underused and you had to manage this "
"situation by moving stuff around, symlinking, etc."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1797
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To avoid the described situation you can use Logical Volume Manager (LVM). "
"Simply said, with LVM you can combine your partitions (<firstterm>physical "
"volumes</firstterm> in LVM lingo) to form a virtual disk (so called "
"<firstterm>volume group</firstterm>), which can then be divided into virtual "
"partitions (<firstterm>logical volumes</firstterm>). The point is that "
"logical volumes (and of course underlying volume groups) can span across "
"several physical disks."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1807
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now when you realize you need more space for your old 160GB <filename>/home</"
"filename> partition, you can simply add a new 300GB disk to the computer, "
"join it with your existing volume group and then resize the logical volume "
"which holds your <filename>/home</filename> filesystem and voila &mdash; "
"your users have some room again on their renewed 460GB partition. This "
"example is of course a bit oversimplified. If you haven't read it yet, you "
"should consult the <ulink url=\"&url-lvm-howto;\">LVM HOWTO</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1818
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"LVM setup in &d-i; is quite simple and completely supported inside "
"<command>partman</command>. First, you have to mark the partition(s) to be "
"used as physical volumes for LVM. This is done in the <guimenu>Partition "
"settings</guimenu> menu where you should select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:"
"</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume for LVM</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1827
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Be aware: the new LVM setup will destroy all data on all partitions marked "
"with an LVM type code. So, if you already have an LVM on some of your disks, "
"and want to install Debian additionally to that machine, the old (already "
"existing) LVM will be wiped out! The same counts for partitions, which are "
"(for any reason) misleadingly marked with an LVM type code, but contain "
"something different (like an encrypted volume). You need to remove such "
"disks from the system, before performing a new LVM setup!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1837
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, you will see "
"a new option <guimenuitem>Configure the Logical Volume Manager</"
"guimenuitem>. When you select that, you will first be asked to confirm "
"pending changes to the partition table (if any) and after that the LVM "
"configuration menu will be shown. Above the menu a summary of the LVM "
"configuration is shown. The menu itself is context sensitive and only shows "
"valid actions. The possible actions are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1848
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<guimenuitem>Display configuration details</guimenuitem>: shows LVM device "
"structure, names and sizes of logical volumes and more"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1853
#, no-c-format
msgid "Create volume group"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1856
#, no-c-format
msgid "Create logical volume"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1859
#, no-c-format
msgid "Delete volume group"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1862
#, no-c-format
msgid "Delete logical volume"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1865
#, no-c-format
msgid "Extend volume group"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: using-d-i.xml:1868
#, no-c-format
msgid "Reduce volume group"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1870
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem>: return to the main <command>partman</"
"command> screen"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1876
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use the options in that menu to first create a volume group and then create "
"your logical volumes inside it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1881
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, any created "
"logical volumes will be displayed in the same way as ordinary partitions "
"(and you should treat them as such)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:1895
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring Encrypted Volumes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1896
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"&d-i; allows you to set up encrypted partitions. Every file you write to "
"such a partition is immediately saved to the device in encrypted form. "
"Access to the encrypted data is granted only after entering the "
"<firstterm>passphrase</firstterm> used when the encrypted partition was "
"originally created. This feature is useful to protect sensitive data in case "
"your laptop or hard drive gets stolen. The thief might get physical access "
"to the hard drive, but without knowing the right passphrase, the data on the "
"hard drive will look like random characters."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1908
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The two most important partitions to encrypt are: the home partition, where "
"your private data resides, and the swap partition, where sensitive data "
"might be stored temporarily during operation. Of course, nothing prevents "
"you from encrypting any other partitions that might be of interest. For "
"example <filename>/var</filename> where database servers, mail servers or "
"print servers store their data, or <filename>/tmp</filename> which is used "
"by various programs to store potentially interesting temporary files. Some "
"people may even want to encrypt their whole system. Generally the only "
"exception here is the <filename>/boot</filename> partition which must remain "
"unencrypted, because historically there was no way to load the kernel from "
"an encrypted partition. (GRUB is now able to do that, but &d-i; currently "
"lacks native support for encrypted <filename>/boot</filename>. The setup is "
"therefore covered in a <ulink url=\"https://cryptsetup-team.pages.debian.net/"
"cryptsetup/encrypted-boot.html\">separate document</ulink>.)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1926
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Please note that the performance of encrypted partitions will be less than "
"that of unencrypted ones because the data needs to be decrypted or encrypted "
"for every read or write. The performance impact depends on your CPU speed, "
"chosen cipher and a key length."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1933
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To use encryption, you have to create a new partition by selecting some free "
"space in the main partitioning menu. Another option is to choose an existing "
"partition (e.g. a regular partition, an LVM logical volume or a RAID "
"volume). In the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu, you need to "
"select <guimenuitem>physical volume for encryption</guimenuitem> at the "
"<menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> </menuchoice> option. The menu will "
"then change to include several cryptographic options for the partition."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1944
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The encryption method supported by &d-i; is <firstterm>dm-crypt</firstterm> "
"(included in newer Linux kernels, able to host LVM physical volumes)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1953
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's have a look at the options available when you select encryption via "
"<userinput>Device-mapper (dm-crypt)</userinput>. As always: when in doubt, "
"use the defaults, because they have been carefully chosen with security in "
"mind."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:1963
#, no-c-format
msgid "Encryption: <userinput>aes</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1965
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This option lets you select the encryption algorithm (<firstterm>cipher</"
"firstterm>) which will be used to encrypt the data on the partition. &d-i; "
"currently supports the following block ciphers: <firstterm>aes</firstterm>, "
"<firstterm>blowfish</firstterm>, <firstterm>serpent</firstterm>, and "
"<firstterm>twofish</firstterm>. It is beyond the scope of this document to "
"discuss the qualities of these different algorithms, however, it might help "
"your decision to know that in 2000, <emphasis>AES</emphasis> was chosen by "
"the American National Institute of Standards and Technology as the standard "
"encryption algorithm for protecting sensitive information in the 21st "
"century."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:1983
#, no-c-format
msgid "Key size: <userinput>256</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1985
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here you can specify the length of the encryption key. With a larger key "
"size, the strength of the encryption is generally improved. On the other "
"hand, increasing the length of the key usually has a negative impact on "
"performance. Available key sizes vary depending on the cipher."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:1997
#, no-c-format
msgid "IV algorithm: <userinput>xts-plain64</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:1999
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <firstterm>Initialization Vector</firstterm> or <firstterm>IV</"
"firstterm> algorithm is used in cryptography to ensure that applying the "
"cipher on the same <firstterm>clear text</firstterm> data with the same key "
"always produces a unique <firstterm>cipher text</firstterm>. The idea is to "
"prevent the attacker from deducing information from repeated patterns in the "
"encrypted data."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2009
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"From the provided alternatives, the default <userinput>xts-plain64</"
"userinput> is currently the least vulnerable to known attacks. Use the other "
"alternatives only when you need to ensure compatibility with some previously "
"installed system that is not able to use newer algorithms."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:2021
#, no-c-format
msgid "Encryption key: <userinput>Passphrase</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2023
#, no-c-format
msgid "Here you can choose the type of the encryption key for this partition."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:2029
#, no-c-format
msgid "Passphrase"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2030
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The encryption key will be computed<footnote> <para> Using a passphrase as "
"the key currently means that the partition will be set up using <ulink url="
"\"&url-luks;\">LUKS</ulink>. </para></footnote> on the basis of a passphrase "
"which you will be able to enter later in the process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:2045
#, no-c-format
msgid "Random key"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2046
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A new encryption key will be generated from random data each time you try to "
"bring up the encrypted partition. In other words: on every shutdown the "
"content of the partition will be lost as the key is deleted from memory. (Of "
"course, you could try to guess the key with a brute force attack, but unless "
"there is an unknown weakness in the cipher algorithm, it is not achievable "
"in our lifetime.)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2055
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Random keys are useful for swap partitions because you do not need to bother "
"yourself with remembering the passphrase or wiping sensitive information "
"from the swap partition before shutting down your computer. However, it also "
"means that you will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be able to use the "
"<quote>suspend-to-disk</quote> functionality offered by newer Linux kernels "
"as it will be impossible (during a subsequent boot) to recover the suspended "
"data written to the swap partition."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: using-d-i.xml:2074
#, no-c-format
msgid "Erase data: <userinput>yes</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2076
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Determines whether the content of this partition should be overwritten with "
"random data before setting up the encryption. This is recommended because it "
"might otherwise be possible for an attacker to discern which parts of the "
"partition are in use and which are not. In addition, this will make it "
"harder to recover any leftover data from previous "
"installations<footnote><para> It is believed that the guys from three-letter "
"agencies can restore the data even after several rewrites of the "
"magnetooptical media, though. </para></footnote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2097
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you have selected the desired parameters for your encrypted "
"partitions, return back to the main partitioning menu. There should now be a "
"new menu item called <guimenu>Configure encrypted volumes</guimenu>. After "
"you select it, you will be asked to confirm the deletion of data on "
"partitions marked to be erased and possibly other actions such as writing a "
"new partition table. For large partitions this might take some time."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2107
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Next you will be asked to enter a passphrase for partitions configured to "
"use one. Good passphrases should be longer than 8 characters, should be a "
"mixture of letters, numbers and other characters and should not contain "
"common dictionary words or information easily associable with you (such as "
"birthdates, hobbies, pet names, names of family members or relatives, etc.)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2116
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Before you input any passphrases, you should have made sure that your "
"keyboard is configured correctly and generates the expected characters. If "
"you are unsure, you can switch to the second virtual console and type some "
"text at the prompt. This ensures that you won't be surprised later, e.g. by "
"trying to input a passphrase using a qwerty keyboard layout when you used an "
"azerty layout during the installation. This situation can have several "
"causes. Maybe you switched to another keyboard layout during the "
"installation, or the selected keyboard layout might not have been set up yet "
"when entering the passphrase for the root file system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2129
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you selected to use methods other than a passphrase to create encryption "
"keys, they will be generated now. Because the kernel may not have gathered a "
"sufficient amount of entropy at this early stage of the installation, the "
"process may take a long time. You can help speed up the process by "
"generating entropy: e.g. by pressing random keys, or by switching to the "
"shell on the second virtual console and generating some network and disk "
"traffic (downloading some files, feeding big files into <filename>/dev/null</"
"filename>, etc.). This will be repeated for each partition to be encrypted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2145
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After returning to the main partitioning menu, you will see all encrypted "
"volumes as additional partitions which can be configured in the same way as "
"ordinary partitions. The following example shows a volume encrypted via dm-"
"crypt. <informalexample><screen>\n"
"Encrypted volume (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</replaceable>) - 115.1 GB Linux "
"device-mapper\n"
"     #1 115.1 GB  F ext3\n"
"</screen></informalexample> Now is the time to assign mount points to the "
"volumes and optionally change the file system types if the defaults do not "
"suit you."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2157
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Pay attention to the identifiers in parentheses (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</"
"replaceable> in this case) and the mount points you assigned to each "
"encrypted volume. You will need this information later when booting the new "
"system. The differences between the ordinary boot process and the boot "
"process with encryption involved will be covered later in <xref linkend="
"\"mount-encrypted-volumes\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2167
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once you are satisfied with the partitioning scheme, continue with the "
"installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2178
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing the Base System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2179
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although this stage is the least problematic, it consumes a significant "
"fraction of the install because it downloads, verifies and unpacks the whole "
"base system. If you have a slow computer or network connection, this could "
"take some time."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2192
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"During installation of the base system, package unpacking and setup messages "
"are redirected to <userinput>tty4</userinput>. You can access this terminal "
"by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></"
"keycombo>; get back to the main installer process with "
"<keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2201
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The unpack/setup messages generated during this phase are also saved in "
"<filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. You can check them there if the "
"installation is performed over a serial console."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2207
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As part of the installation, a &arch-kernel; kernel will be installed. At "
"the default priority, the installer will choose one for you that best "
"matches your hardware. In lower priority modes, you will be able to choose "
"from a list of available kernels."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2214
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When packages are installed using the package management system, it will by "
"default also install packages that are recommended by those packages. "
"Recommended packages are not strictly required for the core functionality of "
"the selected software, but they do enhance that software and should, in the "
"view of the package maintainers, normally be installed together with that "
"software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2224
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For technical reasons packages installed during the installation of the base "
"system are installed without their <quote>Recommends</quote>. The rule "
"described above only takes effect after this point in the installation "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2236
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing Additional Software"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2237
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"At this point you have a usable but limited system. Most users will want to "
"install additional software on the system to tune it to their needs, and the "
"installer allows you do so. This step can take even longer than installing "
"the base system if you have a slow computer or network connection."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2252
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring apt"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2254
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the tools used to install packages on a &debian-gnu; system is the "
"program <command>apt</command>, from the <classname>apt</classname> "
"package<footnote> <para> Note that the program which actually installs the "
"packages is called <command>dpkg</command>. However, this program is more of "
"a low-level tool. <command>apt</command> is a higher-level tool, which will "
"invoke <command>dpkg</command> as appropriate. It knows how to retrieve "
"packages from your installation media, the network, or wherever. It is also "
"able to automatically install other packages which are required to make the "
"package you're trying to install work correctly. </para> </footnote>. Other "
"front-ends for package management, like <command>aptitude</command> and "
"<command>synaptic</command>, are also in use. These front-ends are "
"recommended for new users, since they integrate some additional features "
"(package searching and status checks) in a nice user interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2277
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>apt</command> must be configured so that it knows from where to "
"retrieve packages. The results of this configuration are written to the file "
"<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. You can examine and edit this "
"file to your liking after the installation is complete."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2284
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing at default priority, the installer will largely take "
"care of the configuration automatically, based on the installation method "
"you are using and possibly using choices made earlier in the installation. "
"In most cases the installer will automatically add a security mirror and, if "
"you are installing the stable distribution, a mirror for the <quote>stable-"
"updates</quote> service."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2293
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing at a lower priority (e.g. in expert mode), you will be "
"able to make more decisions yourself. You can choose whether or not to use "
"the security and/or stable-updates services, and you can choose to add "
"packages from the <quote>contrib</quote>, <quote>non-free</quote>, and "
"<quote>non-free-firmware</quote> sections of the archive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2304
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing from more than one CD or DVD image"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2306
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing from a CD or DVD image that is part of a larger set, "
"the installer will ask if you want to scan additional installation media. If "
"you have such additional media available, you probably want to do this so "
"the installer can use the packages included on them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2313
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you do not have any additional media, that is no problem: using them is "
"not required. If you also do not use a network mirror (as explained in the "
"next section), it can mean that not all packages belonging to the tasks you "
"select in the next step of the installation can be installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2321
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Packages are included on CD and DVD images in the order of their popularity. "
"This means that for most uses only the first image of a set is needed and "
"that only very few people actually use any of the packages included on the "
"last images of a set."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2328
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It also means that buying or downloading and burning a full CD set is just a "
"waste of money as you'll never use most of them. In most cases you are "
"better off getting only the first 3 to 8 CDs and installing any additional "
"packages you may need from the Internet by using a mirror. The same goes for "
"DVD sets: the first DVD, or maybe the first two DVDs will cover most needs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2338
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you do scan multiple installation media, the installer will prompt you to "
"exchange them when it needs packages from one that isn't currently in the "
"drive. Note that only discs that belong to the same set should be scanned. "
"The order in which they are scanned does not really matter, but scanning "
"them in ascending order will reduce the chance of mistakes."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2351
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using a network mirror"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2353
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One question that will be asked during most installs is whether or not to "
"use a network mirror as a source for packages. In most cases the default "
"answer should be fine, but there are some exceptions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2359
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are <emphasis>not</emphasis> installing from a full CD/DVD image, you "
"really should use a network mirror as otherwise you will end up with only a "
"very minimal system. However, if you have a limited Internet connection it "
"is best <emphasis>not</emphasis> to select the <literal>desktop</literal> "
"task in the next step of the installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2368
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing from a single full CD image, using a network mirror is "
"not required, but is still strongly recommended because a single CD image "
"contains only a fairly limited number of packages. If you have a limited "
"Internet connection it may still be best to <emphasis>not</emphasis> select "
"a network mirror here, but to finish the installation using only what's "
"available on the CD image and selectively install additional packages after "
"the installation (i.e. after you have rebooted into the new system)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2379
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing from DVD, any packages needed during the installation "
"should be present on the first DVD image. Use of a network mirror is "
"optional."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2385
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One advantage of adding a network mirror is that updates, that have occurred "
"since the CD/DVD images were created and have been included in a point "
"release, will become available for installation, thus extending the life of "
"your CD/DVD set without compromising the security or stability of the "
"installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2392
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In summary: selecting a network mirror is generally a good idea, except if "
"you do not have a good Internet connection. If the current version of a "
"package is available from installation media, the installer will always use "
"that. The amount of data that will be downloaded if you do select a mirror "
"thus depends on"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2401
#, no-c-format
msgid "the tasks you select in the next step of the installation,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2406
#, no-c-format
msgid "which packages are needed for those tasks,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2411
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"which of those packages are present on the installation media you have "
"scanned, and"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2416
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"whether any updated versions of packages included on the installation media "
"are available from a mirror (either a regular package mirror, or a mirror "
"for security or stable-updates)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2425
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that the last point means that, even if you choose not to use a network "
"mirror, some packages may still be downloaded from the Internet if there is "
"a security or stable-updates update available for them and those services "
"have been configured."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2436
#, no-c-format
msgid "Choosing a network mirror"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2437
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Unless you chose not to use a network mirror, you will be presented with a "
"list of network mirrors based upon your country selection earlier in the "
"installation process. Choosing the offered default is usually fine."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2444
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The offered default is deb.debian.org, which is not a mirror itself but will "
"redirect to a mirror that should be up-to-date and fast. These mirrors "
"support TLS (https protocol) and IPv6. This service is maintained by the "
"Debian System Administration (DSA) team."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2451
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A mirror can also be specified by hand by choosing <quote>enter information "
"manually</quote> . You can then specify a mirror host name and an optional "
"port number. This actually has to be a URL base, i.e. when specifying an "
"IPv6 address, one has to add square brackets around it, for instance "
"<quote>[2001:db8::1]</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2459
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If your computer is on an IPv6-only network (which is probably not the case "
"for the vast majority of users), using the default mirror for your country "
"might not work. All the mirrors in the list are reachable via IPv4, but only "
"some of them can be used via IPv6. As connectivity of individual mirrors can "
"change over time, this information is not available in the installer. If "
"there is no IPv6 connectivity for the default mirror for your country, you "
"can either try some of the other mirrors offered to you or choose the "
"<quote>enter information manually</quote> option. You can then specify "
"<quote>ftp.ipv6.debian.org</quote> as the mirror name, which is an alias for "
"a mirror available via IPv6, although it will probably not be the fastest "
"possible one."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2482
#, no-c-format
msgid "Selecting and Installing Software"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2484
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"During the installation process, you are given the opportunity to select "
"additional software to install. Rather than picking individual software "
"packages from the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; available packages, this stage of "
"the installation process focuses on selecting and installing predefined "
"collections of software to quickly set up your computer to perform various "
"tasks."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2493
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These tasks loosely represent a number of different jobs or things you want "
"to do with your computer, such as <quote>Desktop environment</quote>, "
"<quote>Web server</quote>, or <quote>SSH server</quote><footnote> <para> You "
"should know that to present this list, the installer is merely invoking the "
"<command>tasksel</command> program. It can be run at any time after "
"installation to install more packages (or remove them), or you can use a "
"more fine-grained tool such as <command>aptitude</command>. If you are "
"looking for a specific single package, after installation is complete, "
"simply run <userinput>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable></"
"userinput>, where <replaceable>package</replaceable> is the name of the "
"package you are looking for. </para> </footnote>. <xref linkend=\"tasksel-"
"size-list\"/> lists the space requirements for the available tasks."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2519
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some tasks may be pre-selected based on the characteristics of the computer "
"you are installing. If you disagree with these selections you can deselect "
"them. You can even opt to install no tasks at all at this point."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2526
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the standard user interface of the installer, you can use the space bar "
"to toggle selection of a task."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2532
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <quote>Desktop environment</quote> task will install a graphical desktop "
"environment."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2537
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, &d-i; installs the <phrase arch=\"x86\">Gnome</phrase> <phrase "
"arch=\"non-x86\">Xfce</phrase> desktop environment. It is possible to "
"interactively select a different desktop environment during the "
"installation. It is also possible to install multiple desktops, but some "
"combinations of desktop may not be co-installable."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2545
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that this will only work if the packages needed for the desired desktop "
"environment are actually available. If you are installing using a single "
"full CD image, they will possibly need to be downloaded from a network "
"mirror as they might not be available on the CD image due to its limited "
"amount of space. Installing any of the available desktop environments this "
"way should work fine if you are using a DVD image or any other installation "
"method."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2555
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The various server tasks will install software roughly as follows. Web "
"server: <classname>apache2</classname>; SSH server: <classname>openssh</"
"classname>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2561
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <quote>Standard system</quote> task will install any package that has a "
"priority <quote>standard</quote>. This includes a lot of common utilities "
"that are normally available on any Linux or Unix system. You should leave "
"this task selected unless you know what you are doing and want a really "
"minimal system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2569
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If during language selection a default locale other than the <quote>C</"
"quote> locale was selected, <command>tasksel</command> will check if any "
"localization tasks are defined for that locale and will automatically try to "
"install relevant localization packages. This includes for example packages "
"containing word lists or special fonts for your language. If a desktop "
"environment was selected, it will also install appropriate localization "
"packages for that (if available)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2579
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once you've selected your tasks, select &BTN-CONT;. At this point, "
"<command>apt</command> will install the packages that are part of the "
"selected tasks. If a particular program needs more information from the "
"user, it will prompt you during this process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2586
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You should be aware that especially the Desktop task is very large. "
"Especially when installing from a normal CD-ROM in combination with a mirror "
"for packages not on the CD-ROM, the installer may want to retrieve a lot of "
"packages over the network. If you have a relatively slow Internet "
"connection, this can take a long time. There is no option to cancel the "
"installation of packages once it has started."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2595
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even when packages are included on the CD-ROM, the installer may still "
"retrieve them from the mirror if the version available on the mirror is more "
"recent than the one included on the CD-ROM. If you are installing the stable "
"distribution, this can happen after a point release (an update of the "
"original stable release); if you are installing the testing distribution "
"this will happen if you are using an older image."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2610
#, no-c-format
msgid "Making Your System Bootable"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2612
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are installing a diskless workstation, obviously, booting off the "
"local disk isn't a meaningful option, and this step will be skipped."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2625
#, no-c-format
msgid "Detecting other operating systems"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2627
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Before a boot loader is installed, the installer will attempt to probe for "
"other operating systems which are installed on the machine. If it finds a "
"supported operating system, you will be informed of this during the boot "
"loader installation step, and the computer will be configured to boot this "
"other operating system in addition to &debian;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2635
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that multiple operating systems booting on a single machine is still "
"something of a black art. The automatic support for detecting and setting up "
"boot loaders to boot other operating systems varies by architecture and even "
"by subarchitecture. If it does not work you should consult your boot "
"manager's documentation for more information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2653
#, no-c-format
msgid "Install the <command>Grub</command> Boot Loader on the drive"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2655
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>grub</quote>. Grub is a "
"flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and "
"old hands alike."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2661
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, grub will be installed on the UEFI partition/the Boot Record of "
"the primary drive, where it will take over complete control of the boot "
"process. If you prefer, you can install it elsewhere. See the grub manual "
"for complete information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2668
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you do not want to install grub, use the &BTN-GOBACK; button to get to "
"the main menu, and from there select whatever bootloader you would like to "
"use."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2681
#, no-c-format
msgid "Install the <command>Grub</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2683
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The main &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>grub</quote>. Grub is a "
"flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and "
"old hands alike."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2689
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, Grub will be installed into the PReP partition, where it will "
"take over complete control of the boot process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2702
#, no-c-format
msgid "Making the system bootable with flash-kernel"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2703
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As there is no common firmware interface on all ARM platforms, the steps "
"required to make the system bootable on ARM devices are highly device-"
"dependent. &debian; uses a tool called <command>flash-kernel </command> to "
"take care of this. Flash-kernel contains a database which describes the "
"particular operations that are required to make the system bootable on "
"various devices. It detects whether the current device is supported, and if "
"yes, performs the necessary operations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2714
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"On devices which boot from internal NOR- or NAND-flash memory, flash-kernel "
"writes the kernel and the initial ramdisk to this internal memory. This "
"method is particularly common on older armel devices. Please note that most "
"of these devices do not allow having multiple kernels and ramdisks in their "
"internal flash memory, i.e. running flash-kernel on them usually overwrites "
"the previous contents of the flash memory!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2724
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For ARM systems that use U-Boot as their system firmware and boot the kernel "
"and the initial ramdisk from external storage media (such as MMC/SD-cards, "
"USB mass storage devices or IDE/SATA harddisks), flash-kernel generates an "
"appropriate boot script to allow autobooting without user interaction."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2740
#, no-c-format
msgid "Continue Without Boot Loader"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2742
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This option can be used to complete the installation even when no boot "
"loader is to be installed, either because the arch/subarch doesn't provide "
"one, or because none is desired (e.g. you will use existing boot loader)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2749
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you plan to manually configure your bootloader, you should check the name "
"of the installed kernel in <filename>/target/boot</filename>. You should "
"also check that directory for the presence of an <firstterm>initrd</"
"firstterm>; if one is present, you will probably have to instruct your "
"bootloader to use it. Other information you will need are the disk and "
"partition you selected for your <filename>/</filename> filesystem and, if "
"you chose to install <filename>/boot</filename> on a separate partition, "
"also your <filename>/boot</filename> filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2766
#, no-c-format
msgid "Finishing the Installation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2767
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This is the last step in the &debian; installation process during which the "
"installer will do any last minute tasks. It mostly consists of tidying up "
"after the &d-i;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2780
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting the System Clock"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2782
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The installer may ask you if the computer's clock is set to UTC. Normally "
"this question is avoided if possible and the installer tries to work out "
"whether the clock is set to UTC based on things like what other operating "
"systems are installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2789
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In expert mode you will always be able to choose whether or not the clock is "
"set to UTC. <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">Macintosh hardware clocks are normally "
"set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of "
"UTC.</phrase> <phrase arch=\"any-x86\">Systems that (also) run Dos or "
"Windows are normally set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select "
"local time instead of UTC.</phrase>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2800
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"At this point &d-i; will also attempt to save the current time to the "
"system's hardware clock. This will be done either in UTC or local time, "
"depending on the selection that was just made."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2815
#, no-c-format
msgid "Reboot the System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2817
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You will be prompted to remove the boot media (CD, USB stick, etc) that you "
"used to boot the installer. After that the system will be rebooted into your "
"new &debian; system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2823
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After a final prompt the system will be halted because rebooting is not "
"supported on &arch-title;. You then need to IPL &debian-gnu; from the DASD "
"which you selected for the root filesystem during the first steps of the "
"installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2836
#, no-c-format
msgid "Troubleshooting"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2837
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The components listed in this section are usually not involved in the "
"installation process, but are waiting in the background to help the user in "
"case something goes wrong."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2850
#, no-c-format
msgid "Saving the installation logs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2852
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the installation is successful, the logfiles created during the "
"installation process will be automatically saved to <filename>/var/log/"
"installer/</filename> on your new &debian; system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2859
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Choosing <guimenuitem>Save debug logs</guimenuitem> from the main menu "
"allows you to save the log files to a USB stick, network, hard disk, or "
"other media. This can be useful if you encounter fatal problems during the "
"installation and wish to study the logs on another system or attach them to "
"an installation report."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2879
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2881
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There are several methods you can use to get a shell while running an "
"installation. On most systems, and if you are not installing over serial "
"console, the easiest method is to switch to the second <emphasis>virtual "
"console</emphasis> by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> "
"<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo><footnote> <para> That is: press the "
"<keycap>Alt</keycap> key on the left-hand side of the <keycap>space bar</"
"keycap> and the <keycap>F2</keycap> function key at the same time. </para> </"
"footnote> (on a Mac keyboard, <keycombo><keycap>Option</keycap> <keycap>F2</"
"keycap></keycombo>). Use <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F1</"
"keycap></keycombo> to switch back to the installer itself."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2899
#, no-c-format
msgid "For the graphical installer see also <xref linkend=\"gtk-using\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2903
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you cannot switch consoles, there is also an <guimenuitem>Execute a "
"Shell</guimenuitem> item on the main menu that can be used to start a shell. "
"You can get to the main menu from most dialogs by using the &BTN-GOBACK; "
"button one or more times. Type <userinput>exit</userinput> to close the "
"shell and return to the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2911
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"At this point you are booted from the RAM disk, and there is a limited set "
"of Unix utilities available for your use. You can see what programs are "
"available with the command <command>ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin</"
"command> and by typing <command>help</command>. The shell is a Bourne shell "
"clone called <command>ash</command> and has some nice features like "
"autocompletion and history."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2920
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To edit and view files, use the text editor <command>nano</command>. Log "
"files for the installation system can be found in the <filename>/var/log</"
"filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2927
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although you can do basically anything in a shell that the available "
"commands allow you to do, the option to use a shell is really only there in "
"case something goes wrong and for debugging."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2933
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Doing things manually from the shell may interfere with the installation "
"process and result in errors or an incomplete installation. In particular, "
"you should always use let the installer activate your swap partition and not "
"do this yourself from a shell."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:2949
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installation over network-console"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2951
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the more interesting components is <firstterm>network-console</"
"firstterm>. It allows you to do a large part of the installation over the "
"network via SSH. The use of the network implies you will have to perform the "
"first steps of the installation from the console, at least to the point of "
"setting up the networking. (Although you can automate that part with <xref "
"linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2961
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This component is not loaded into the main installation menu by default, so "
"you have to explicitly ask for it. If you are installing from optical media, "
"you need to boot with medium priority or otherwise invoke the main "
"installation menu and choose <guimenuitem>Load installer components from "
"installation media</guimenuitem> and from the list of additional components "
"select <guimenuitem>network-console: Continue installation remotely using "
"SSH</guimenuitem>. Successful load is indicated by a new menu entry called "
"<guimenuitem>Continue installation remotely using SSH</guimenuitem>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2974
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For installations on &arch-title;, this is the default method after setting "
"up the network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2979
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<phrase arch=\"not-s390\">After selecting this new entry, you</phrase> "
"<phrase arch=\"s390\">You</phrase> will be asked for a new password to be "
"used for connecting to the installation system and for its confirmation. "
"That's all. Now you should see a screen which instructs you to login "
"remotely as the user <emphasis>installer</emphasis> with the password you "
"just provided. Another important detail to notice on this screen is the "
"fingerprint of this system. You need to transfer the fingerprint securely to "
"the person who will continue the installation remotely."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2991
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Should you decide to continue with the installation locally, you can always "
"press &enterkey;, which will bring you back to the main menu, where you can "
"select another component."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:2997
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now let's switch to the other side of the wire. As a prerequisite, you need "
"to configure your terminal for UTF-8 encoding, because that is what the "
"installation system uses. If you do not, remote installation will be still "
"possible, but you may encounter strange display artefacts like destroyed "
"dialog borders or unreadable non-ascii characters. Establishing a connection "
"with the installation system is as simple as typing: "
"<informalexample><screen>\n"
"<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ssh -l installer <replaceable>install_host</"
"replaceable></userinput>\n"
"</screen></informalexample> Where <replaceable>install_host</replaceable> is "
"either the name or IP address of the computer being installed. Before the "
"actual login the fingerprint of the remote system will be displayed and you "
"will have to confirm that it is correct."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3014
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>ssh</command> server in the installer uses a default "
"configuration that does not send keep-alive packets. In principle, a "
"connection to the system being installed should be kept open indefinitely. "
"However, in some situations &mdash; depending on your local network setup "
"&mdash; the connection may be lost after some period of inactivity. One "
"common case where this can happen is when there is some form of Network "
"Address Translation (NAT) somewhere between the client and the system being "
"installed. Depending on at which point of the installation the connection "
"was lost, you may or may not be able to resume the installation after "
"reconnecting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3027
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You may be able to avoid the connection being dropped by adding the option "
"<userinput>-o&nbsp;ServerAliveInterval=<replaceable>value</replaceable></"
"userinput> when starting the <command>ssh</command> connection, or by adding "
"that option in your <command>ssh</command> configuration file. Note however "
"that in some cases adding this option may also <emphasis>cause</emphasis> a "
"connection to be dropped (for example if keep-alive packets are sent during "
"a brief network outage, from which <command>ssh</command> would otherwise "
"have recovered), so it should only be used when needed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3040
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you install several computers in turn and they happen to have the same IP "
"address or hostname, <command>ssh</command> will refuse to connect to such "
"host. The reason is that it will have different fingerprint, which is "
"usually a sign of a spoofing attack. If you are sure this is not the case, "
"you will need to delete the relevant line from <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts</"
"filename><footnote> <para> The following command will remove an existing "
"entry for a host: <command>ssh-keygen -R &lt;<replaceable>hostname</"
"replaceable>|<replaceable>IP&nbsp;address</replaceable>&gt;</command>. </"
"para> </footnote> and try again."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3056
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After the login you will be presented with an initial screen where you have "
"two possibilities called <guimenuitem>Start menu</guimenuitem> and "
"<guimenuitem>Start shell</guimenuitem>. The former brings you to the main "
"installer menu, where you can continue with the installation as usual. The "
"latter starts a shell from which you can examine and possibly fix the remote "
"system. You should only start one SSH session for the installation menu, but "
"may start multiple sessions for shells."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3066
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you have started the installation remotely over SSH, you should not go "
"back to the installation session running on the local console. Doing so may "
"corrupt the database that holds the configuration of the new system. This in "
"turn may result in a failed installation or problems with the installed "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3085
#, no-c-format
msgid "Loading Missing Firmware"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3086
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As described in <xref linkend=\"hardware-firmware\"/>, some devices require "
"firmware to be loaded. In most cases the device will not work at all if the "
"firmware is not available; sometimes basic functionality is not impaired if "
"it is missing and the firmware is only needed to enable additional features."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3094
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Starting with &debian-gnu; 12.0, following the <ulink url=\"https://www."
"debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003\">2022 General Resolution about non-free "
"firmware</ulink>, official installation images (like netinst) can include "
"non-free firmware packages. Even with those firmware packages available, "
"some firmware files might still be missing. Or one might be using netboot "
"files, which don't include firmware packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3105
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a device driver requests firmware that is not available, &d-i; will "
"display a dialog offering to load the missing firmware. If this option is "
"selected, &d-i; will scan available devices for either loose firmware files "
"or packages containing firmware. If found, the firmware will be copied to "
"the correct location (<filename>/lib/firmware</filename>) and the driver "
"module will be reloaded."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3115
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Which devices are scanned and which file systems are supported depends on "
"the architecture, the installation method and the stage of the installation. "
"Especially during the early stages of the installation, loading the firmware "
"is most likely to succeed from a FAT-formatted USB stick. <phrase arch="
"\"x86\">On i386 and amd64 firmware can also be loaded from an MMC or SD card."
"</phrase>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3125
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that it is possible to skip loading the firmware if you know the device "
"will also function without it, or if the device is not needed during the "
"installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3133
#, no-c-format
msgid "Preparing a medium"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3134
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The most common method to load such firmware is from some removable medium "
"such as a USB stick. To prepare a USB stick (or other medium like a hard "
"drive partition), the firmware files or packages must be placed in either "
"the root directory or a directory named <filename>/firmware</filename> of "
"the file system on the medium. The recommended file system to use is FAT as "
"that is most certain to be supported during the early stages of the "
"installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3146
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Tarballs and zip files containing current packages for the most common "
"firmware, and the associated metadata to ensure a proper detection by the "
"installer (<filename>dep11</filename> directory), are available from: "
"<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <ulink url=\"&url-firmware-tarballs;\"></"
"ulink> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> Just download the tarball or zip "
"file for the correct release and unpack it to the file system on the medium."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3161
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is also possible to copy individual firmware files to the medium. Loose "
"firmware could be obtained for example from an already installed system or "
"from a hardware vendor."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3170
#, no-c-format
msgid "Firmware and the Installed System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3171
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any firmware loaded during the installation will be copied automatically to "
"the installed system. In most cases this will ensure that the device that "
"requires the firmware will also work correctly after the system is rebooted "
"into the installed system. However, if the installed system runs a different "
"kernel version than the installer, there is a slight chance that the "
"firmware cannot be loaded due to version skew."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3180
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the firmware was loaded from a firmware package, &d-i; will also install "
"this package for the installed system and will automatically add the non-"
"free-firmware section of the package archive in APT's <filename>sources."
"list</filename>. This has the advantage that the firmware should be updated "
"automatically if a new version becomes available."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3188
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If loading the firmware was skipped during the installation, the relevant "
"device will probably not work with the installed system until the firmware "
"(package) is installed manually."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3195
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the firmware was loaded from loose firmware files, the firmware copied to "
"the installed system will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be automatically updated "
"unless the corresponding firmware package (if available) is installed after "
"the installation is completed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3205
#, no-c-format
msgid "Completing the Installed System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3206
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Depending on how the installation was performed, it might be that the need "
"for some firmware was not detected during installation, that the relevant "
"firmware was not available, or that one chose not to install some firmware "
"at that time. In some cases, a successful installation can still end up in a "
"black screen or a garbled display when rebooting into the installed system. "
"When that happens, the following workarounds can be tried:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3220
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Pass the <code>nomodeset</code> option on the kernel command line. This "
"might help boot into a <quote>fallback graphics</quote> mode."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3224
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</"
"keycap></keycombo> key combination to switch to VT2, which might offer a "
"functional login prompt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3237
#, no-c-format
msgid "Customization"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3238
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Using the shell (see <xref linkend=\"shell\"/>), the installation process "
"can be carefully customized, to fit exceptional use cases:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: using-d-i.xml:3243
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing an alternative init system"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: using-d-i.xml:3244
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"&debian; uses systemd as its default init system. However, other init "
"systems (such as sysvinit and OpenRC) are supported, and the easiest time to "
"select an alternative init system is during the installation process. For "
"detailed instructions on how to do so, please see the <ulink url=\"https://"
"wiki.debian.org/Init#Changing_the_init_system_-_at_installation_time\">Init "
"page on the Debian wiki</ulink>."
msgstr ""