path: root/en/using-d-i/using-d-i.xml

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 <chapter id="d-i-intro"><title>Using the Debian Installer</title>

 <sect1><title>How the Installer Works</title>
<para>

The Debian Installer consists of a number of special-purpose
components to perform each installation task. Each component performs
its task, asking the user questions as necessary to do its job.
The questions themselves are given priorities, and the priority
of questions to be asked is set when the installer is started.

</para><para>

When a default installation is performed, only essential (high priority)
questions will be asked. This results in a highly automated installation
process with little user interaction. Components are automatically run
in sequence; which components are run depends mainly on the installation
method you use and on your hardware. The installer will use default values
for questions that are not asked.

</para><para>

If there is a problem, the user will see an error screen, and the
installer menu may be shown in order to select some alternative
action. If there are no problems, the user will never see the
installer menu, but will simply answer questions for each component
in turn. Serious error notifications are set to priority
<quote>critical</quote> so the user will always be notified.

</para><para>

Some of the defaults that the installer uses can be influenced by passing
boot arguments when &d-i; is started. If, for example, you wish to
force static network configuration (DHCP is used by default if available),
you could add the boot parameter <userinput>netcfg/disable_dhcp=true</userinput>.
See <xref linkend="installer-args"/> for available options.

</para><para>

Power users may be more comfortable with a menu-driven interface,
where each step is controlled by the user rather than the installer
performing each step automatically in sequence. To use the installer
in a manual, menu-driven way, add the boot argument
<userinput>debconf/priority=medium</userinput>.

</para><para>

If your hardware requires you to pass options to kernel modules as
they are installed, you will need to start the installer in
<quote>expert</quote> mode. This can be done by either using the
<command>expert</command> command to start the installer or by adding
the boot argument <userinput>debconf/priority=low</userinput>.
Expert mode gives you full control over &d-i;.

</para><para>

The normal installer display is character-based (as opposed to the now
more familiar graphical interface). The mouse is not operational in
this environment. Here are the keys you can use to navigate within the
various dialogs.  The <keycap>Tab</keycap> or <keycap>right</keycap>
arrow keys move <quote>forward</quote>, and the <keycombo> <keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap> </keycombo> or <keycap>left</keycap> arrow keys
move <quote>backward</quote> between displayed buttons and selections.
The <keycap>up</keycap> and <keycap>down</keycap> arrow select
different items within a scrollable list, and also scroll the list
itself. In addition, in long lists, you can type a letter to cause the
list to scroll directly to the section with items starting with the
letter you typed and use <keycap>Pg-Up</keycap> and
<keycap>Pg-Down</keycap> to scroll the list in sections.  The
<keycap>space bar</keycap> selects an item such as a checkbox.  Use
&enterkey; to activate choices.

</para><para arch="s390">

S/390 does not support virtual consoles. You may open a second and third
ssh session to view the logs described below.

</para><para>

Error messages and logs are redirected to the fourth console.
You can access this console by
pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>
(hold the left <keycap>Alt</keycap> key while pressing the
<keycap>F4</keycap> function key); get back to
the main installer process with
<keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>.

</para><para>

These messages can also be found in
<filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>.  After installation, this log
is copied to <filename>/var/log/installer/syslog</filename> on your
new system. Other installation messages may be found in
<filename>/var/log/</filename> during the
installation, and <filename>/var/log/debian/</filename>
after the computer has been booted into the installed system.

</para>
 </sect1>


  <sect1 id="modules-list"><title>Components Introduction</title>
<para>

Here is a list of installer components with a brief description
of each component's purpose. Details you might need to know about
using a particular component are in <xref linkend="module-details"/>.

</para>

<variablelist>
<varlistentry>

<term>main-menu</term><listitem><para>

Shows the list of components to the user during installer operation,
and starts a component when it is selected. Main-menu's
questions are set to priority medium, so if your priority is set to
high or critical (high is the default), you will not see the menu. On
the other hand, if there is an error which requires your intervention,
the question priority may be downgraded temporarily to allow you
to resolve the problem, and in that case the menu may appear.

</para><para>

You can get to the main menu by selecting the <quote>Back</quote> button
repeatedly to back all the way out of the currently running component.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>localechooser</term><listitem><para>

Allows the user to select localization options for the installation and
the installed system: language, country and locales. The installer will
display messages in the selected language, unless the translation for
that language is not complete in which case some messages may be shown
in English.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>kbd-chooser</term><listitem><para>

Shows a list of keyboards, from which the user chooses the model which
matches his own.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>hw-detect</term><listitem><para>

Automatically detects most of the system's hardware, including network
cards, disk drives, and PCMCIA.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>cdrom-detect</term><listitem><para>

Looks for and mounts a Debian installation CD.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>netcfg</term><listitem><para>

Configures the computer's network connections so it can communicate
over the internet.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>iso-scan</term><listitem><para>

Looks for ISO file systems, which may be on a CD-ROM or on the
hard drive.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>choose-mirror</term><listitem><para>

Presents a list of Debian archive mirrors. The user may choose
the source of his installation packages.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>cdrom-checker</term><listitem><para>

Checks integrity of a CD-ROM. This way the user may assure him/herself
that the installation CD-ROM was not corrupted.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>lowmem</term><listitem><para>

Lowmem tries to detect systems with low memory and then does various
tricks to remove unnecessary parts of &d-i; from the memory (at the
cost of some features).

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>anna</term><listitem><para>

Anna's Not Nearly APT. Installs packages which have been retrieved
from the chosen mirror or CD.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>partman</term><listitem><para>

Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system, create file
systems on the selected partitions, and attach them to the
mountpoints. Included are also interesting features like a fully
automatic mode or LVM support. This is the preferred partitioning tool
in Debian.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>autopartkit</term><listitem><para>

Automatically partitions an entire disk according to preset
user preferences.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>partitioner</term><listitem><para>

Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system. A
partitioning program appropriate to your computer's architecture
is chosen.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>partconf</term><listitem><para>

Displays a list of partitions, and creates file systems on
the selected partitions according to user instructions.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>lvmcfg</term><listitem><para>

Helps the user with the configuration of the
<firstterm>LVM</firstterm> (Logical Volume Manager).

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>mdcfg</term><listitem><para>

Allows the user to setup Software <firstterm>RAID</firstterm>
(Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). This Software RAID is usually
superior to the cheap IDE (pseudo hardware) RAID controllers found on
newer motherboards.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
	
<term>tzsetup</term><listitem><para>

Selects the time zone, based on the location selected earlier
		
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>clock-setup</term><listitem><para>

Determines whether the clock is set to UTC or not.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
	
<term>user-setup</term><listitem><para>

Sets up the root password, and adds a non-root user.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>base-installer</term><listitem><para>

Installs the most basic set of packages which would allow
the computer to operate under Linux when rebooted.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
	
<term>apt-setup</term><listitem><para>

Configures apt, mostly automatically, based on what media the installer is
running from.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
	
<term>pkgsel</term><listitem><para>

Uses tasksel to select and install additional software.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
	
<term>os-prober</term><listitem><para>

Detects currently installed operating systems on the computer and
passes this information to the bootloader-installer, which may offer
you an ability to add discovered operating systems to the bootloader's
start menu. This way the user could easily choose at the boot time
which operating system to start.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>bootloader-installer</term><listitem><para>

The various bootloader installers each install a boot loader program on the
hard disk, which is necessary for the computer to start up using Linux
without using a floppy or CD-ROM.  Many boot loaders allow the user to
choose an alternate operating system each time the computer boots.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>shell</term><listitem><para>

Allows the user to execute a shell from the menu, or in the second
console.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>

<term>save-logs</term><listitem><para>

Provides a way for the user to record information on a floppy disk, network,
hard disk, or other media when trouble is encountered, in order to accurately
report installer software problems to Debian developers later.

</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

 </sect1>

&using-d-i-components.xml;

</chapter>