# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2007-01-07 13:24+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2007-01-12 11:00+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Ji YongGang\n" "Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:4 #, no-c-format msgid "Random Bits" msgstr "其他" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:11 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux Devices" msgstr "Linux 里的设备" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:12 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In Linux various special files can be found under the directory /" "dev. These files are called device files and behave unlike " "ordinary files. The most common types of device files are for block devices " "and character devices. These files are an interface to the actual driver " "(part of the Linux kernel) which in turn accesses the hardware. Another, " "less common, type of device file is the named pipe. " "The most important device files are listed in the tables below." msgstr "" "Linux 的许多特殊文件可以在 /dev 目录下找到。这些文件称为" "设备文件,其行为与普通文件不同。大多数设备文件的类型是块设备和字符设备。这些" "文件是访问硬件的驱动程序(Linux 内核的一部分)的接口。另外一些,不那么常见的类" "型,是命名管道(pipe)。下表中列出了最重要的设备文件。" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:27 #, no-c-format msgid "fd0" msgstr "fd0" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:28 #, no-c-format msgid "First Floppy Drive" msgstr "第一个软驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:30 #, no-c-format msgid "fd1" msgstr "fd1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:31 #, no-c-format msgid "Second Floppy Drive" msgstr "第二个软驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:37 #, no-c-format msgid "hda" msgstr "hda" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:38 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)" msgstr "在第一个 IDE 口(Master)的 IDE 硬盘/光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:40 #, no-c-format msgid "hdb" msgstr "hdb" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:41 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "在第一个 IDE 口(Slave)的 IDE 硬盘/光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:43 #, no-c-format msgid "hdc" msgstr "hdc" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:44 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)" msgstr "在第二个 IDE 口(Master)的 IDE 硬盘/光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:46 #, no-c-format msgid "hdd" msgstr "hdd" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:47 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "在第二个 IDE 口(Slave)的 IDE 硬盘/光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:49 #, no-c-format msgid "hda1" msgstr "hda1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:50 #, no-c-format msgid "First partition of the first IDE hard disk" msgstr "在第一块 IDE 硬盘上的第一个分区" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:52 #, no-c-format msgid "hdd15" msgstr "hdd15" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:53 #, no-c-format msgid "Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk" msgstr "在第四块 IDE 硬盘上的第十五个分区" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:59 #, no-c-format msgid "sda" msgstr "sda" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:60 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)" msgstr "SCSI ID (比如 0)最小的 SCSI 硬盘" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:62 #, no-c-format msgid "sdb" msgstr "sdb" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:63 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)" msgstr "下一个 SCSI ID (比如 1)的 SCSI 硬盘" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:65 #, no-c-format msgid "sdc" msgstr "sdc" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:66 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)" msgstr "下一个 SCSI ID (比如 2)的 SCSI 硬盘" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:68 #, no-c-format msgid "sda1" msgstr "sda1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "First partition of the first SCSI hard disk" msgstr "在第一块 SCSI 硬盘上的第一个分区" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:71 #, no-c-format msgid "sdd10" msgstr "sdd10" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:72 #, no-c-format msgid "Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk" msgstr "在第四块 SCSI 硬盘上的第十个分区" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:78 #, no-c-format msgid "sr0" msgstr "sr0" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID" msgstr "SCSI ID 最小的 SCSI 光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:81 #, no-c-format msgid "sr1" msgstr "sr1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:82 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID" msgstr "下一个 SCSI ID 的 SCSI 光驱" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:88 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS0" msgstr "ttyS0" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:89 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS" msgstr "串口 0,即 MS-DOS 下的 COM1" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:91 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS1" msgstr "ttyS1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:92 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS" msgstr "串口 1,即 MS-DOS 下的 COM2" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:94 #, no-c-format msgid "psaux" msgstr "psaux" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:95 #, no-c-format msgid "PS/2 mouse device" msgstr "PS/2 鼠标设备" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:97 #, no-c-format msgid "gpmdata" msgstr "gpmdata" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:98 #, no-c-format msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon" msgstr "伪设备,中转从GPM(鼠标)服务传来的数据" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:104 #, no-c-format msgid "cdrom" msgstr "cdrom" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:105 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive" msgstr "指向光驱的符号链接" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:107 #, no-c-format msgid "mouse" msgstr "mouse" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:108 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file" msgstr "指向鼠标设备文件的符号链接" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:114 #, no-c-format msgid "null" msgstr "null" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:115 #, no-c-format msgid "Anything written to this device will disappear" msgstr "所有写入设备的东西都会消失" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:117 #, no-c-format msgid "zero" msgstr "zero" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:118 #, no-c-format msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device" msgstr "可以从该设备永无休止地读出零" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:125 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse" msgstr "设定您的鼠标" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:127 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window " "environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used " "to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown: " "\n" "mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => " "X\n" " /dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)\n" " /dev/ttyS1\n" " Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in " "/etc/gpm.conf) while setting X to the original mouse " "protocol in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/" "XF86Config-4." msgstr "" "无论在 Linux 的控制台(console)里(通过 gpm),还是在 X 窗口环境之中,您都可以使" "用鼠标。这两种用法是可以兼容的,只要设置 gpm 转发器,令其让信号流往 X 服务" "器: \n" "mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => " "X\n" " /dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)\n" " /dev/ttyS1\n" " 把转发器的协议设为直接(raw)模式(在 /" "etc/gpm.conf 里),同时在 /etc/X11/XF86Config " "或者 /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 里设置一下,让 X 使用原始的鼠" "标协议。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:139 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is " "unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with " "\n" "# /etc/init.d/gpm restart\n" " will re-connect the mouse in software without " "restarting X." msgstr "" "用这种方法使用 gpm 的话,就算在 X 里也有其优势。如果不小心把鼠标拔下来后,只" "要像这样重新启动 gpm 就可以了: \n" "# /etc/init.d/gpm restart\n" " 如此就可以在软件层面上重新连接鼠标,而不用重启 X " "了。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:148 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If gpm is disabled or not installed for some reason, make sure to set X to " "read directly from a mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer to " "the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/" "mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz, man gpm, " "/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz, and README.mouse." msgstr "" "如果禁用了 gpm,或者因为某些原因没有安装,请确保设置 X 从鼠标设备,比如 /dev/" "psaux 上直接读取数据。详情情况,请参阅三键鼠标的 mini-Howto /usr/" "share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gzman " "gpm/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz 以及 README.mouse。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:158 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For PowerPC, in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/" "X11/XF86Config-4, set the mouse device to \"/dev/input/" "mice\"." msgstr "" "对 PowerPC 来说,需要在/etc/X11/XF86Config或者 " "/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 设置鼠标设备里或者 \"/" "dev/input/mice\"。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:164 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when " "your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to /" "etc/sysctl.conf file." msgstr "" "当您的鼠标只有一个按键的时候,流行的内核具有模拟三健鼠标的能力。只需将下面行" "加入 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:170 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# 3-button mouse emulation\n" "# turn on emulation\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n" "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n" "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n" "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is." msgstr "" "# 3-button mouse emulation\n" "# turn on emulation\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n" "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n" "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n" "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is." #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:177 #, no-c-format msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks" msgstr "各软件集所需的磁盘空间" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:194 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A standard installation for the i386 architecture, including all standard " "packages and using the default 2.6 kernel, takes up 442MB of disk space. A " "minimal base installation, without the Standard system task " "selected, will take 230MB." msgstr "对于 i386 架构,基本安装默认使用 2.6 内核,包含了所有的标准软件包,需要 442MB 磁盘空间。最小化的基本安装,没有选择 Standard system 任务,需要 230MB。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:202 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In both cases this is the actual disk space used after " "the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does " "not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for " "journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both " "during the installation and for normal system use." msgstr "在各种情况下,这都是安装完成并且删除临时文件之后,实际使用的磁盘空间。这还不包括文件系统的额外消耗,比如 journal 文件。也就是说,在安装和使用过程中,都会需要更多的磁盘空间。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:211 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in " "tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total " "installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by " "adding up the numbers." msgstr "" "下面的表格一一列出了 tasksel 中每个软件集所需的磁盘空间大小。该报表是使用 " "aptitude 生成的。请注意,有些软件集之间会有相重叠的部分,所以两个软件集一同安" "装后所占的空间,可能会小于这两个软件集分别安装所占的空间。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:218 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of " "the standard installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of " "the size listed as Installed size will end up in /" "usr and in /lib; the size listed as " "Download size is (temporarily) required in /var." msgstr "注意,您需要将表格中列出的尺寸加上基本安装尺寸以决定分区的大小。多数所列的尺寸,如 Installed size 用在 /usr/lib 里面;列在 Download size 的是(临时地)用在 /var 里面。" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:232 #, no-c-format msgid "Task" msgstr "任务" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:233 #, no-c-format msgid "Installed size (MB)" msgstr "安装尺寸 (MB)" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:234 #, no-c-format msgid "Download size (MB)" msgstr "下载尺寸 (MB)" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:235 #, no-c-format msgid "Space needed to install (MB)" msgstr "用于安装所需空间 (MB)" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:241 #, no-c-format msgid "Desktop environment" msgstr "桌面环境" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:242 #, no-c-format msgid "1267" msgstr "1267" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:243 #, no-c-format msgid "420" msgstr "420" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:244 #, no-c-format msgid "1667" msgstr "1667" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:248 #, no-c-format msgid "Laptop" msgstr "便携机" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:250 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is a large overlap of the Laptop task with the Destop environment " "task. If you install both, the Laptop task will only require a few MB " "additional disk space." msgstr "便携机(Laptop)任务与桌面环境任务有大量重复的内容,如果两个都安装,便携机任务只需要很小的额外空间。" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:257 #, no-c-format msgid "50" msgstr "50" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:258 #, no-c-format msgid "17" msgstr "17" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:259 #, no-c-format msgid "67" msgstr "67" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:263 #, no-c-format msgid "Web server" msgstr "Web 服务器" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:264 #, no-c-format msgid "35" msgstr "35" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:265 #, no-c-format msgid "11" msgstr "11" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:266 #, no-c-format msgid "46" msgstr "46" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:270 #, no-c-format msgid "Print server" msgstr "打印服务器" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:271 #, no-c-format msgid "277" msgstr "277" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:272 #, no-c-format msgid "79" msgstr "79" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "356" msgstr "356" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:277 #, no-c-format msgid "DNS server" msgstr "DNS 服务器" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:278 #, no-c-format msgid "2" msgstr "2" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:279 #, no-c-format msgid "1" msgstr "1" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:280 #, no-c-format msgid "3" msgstr "3" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:284 #, no-c-format msgid "File server" msgstr "文件服务器" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:285 #, no-c-format msgid "49" msgstr "49" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:286 #, no-c-format msgid "21" msgstr "21" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:287 #, no-c-format msgid "70" msgstr "70" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:291 #, no-c-format msgid "Mail server" msgstr "邮件服务器" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:292 #, no-c-format msgid "13" msgstr "13" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:293 #, no-c-format msgid "5" msgstr "5" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:294 #, no-c-format msgid "18" msgstr "18" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:298 #, no-c-format msgid "SQL database" msgstr "SQL 数据库" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:299 #, no-c-format msgid "24" msgstr "24" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:300 #, no-c-format msgid "8" msgstr "8" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "32" msgstr "32" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:307 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Desktop task will install the GNOME desktop " "environment." msgstr "桌面 任务将同时安装 GNOME 桌面环境。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:314 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you install in a language other than English, tasksel " "may automatically install a localization task, if one " "is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you " "should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation." msgstr "如果安装英文之外的其他语言,如果与您选择的语言相符,tasksel 可以自动安装 localization task。每种语言需要的空间不同;您应该留有 350MB 以上的空间用来下载和安装。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:329 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System" msgstr "通过 Unix/Linux 系统来安装 &debian;" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:331 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing Unix or Linux " "system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the rest of " "the manual. This cross-install HOWTO has been requested by " "users switching to &debian; from Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this " "section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and navigating the file " "system is assumed. In this section, $ symbolizes a command " "to be entered in the user's current system, while # refers " "to a command entered in the Debian chroot." msgstr "" "本节说明了如何通过现有的 Unix 或 Linux 系统来安装 &debian;,而非使用本手册后" "面要谈到的由菜单驱动的安装软件。这篇交叉安装(cross-install) " "HOWTO 是应用户的要求而撰写的。他们原来是 Redhat、Mandrake 和 SUSE 的用户,现" "转而使用 &debian;。在本节中,我们假设您对于输入 *nix 命令以及在文件系统中穿梭" "移动并不生疏。同时,在本节中,$ 标志着这个命令是在用户当前使" "用的系统中输入的,而 # 则表示这个命令是在 Debian chroot 环境" "中输入的。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:343 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, you can " "migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. This is " "therefore a zero downtime &debian; install. It's also a " "clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play friendly " "with various boot or installation media." msgstr "" "您一旦根据自己的要求配置好了新的 Debian 系统,就可以将您的原来系统中的用户数" "据(如果有的话)悉数迁移到 Debian 里去。然后就能继续爽了。一言以蔽之,这是一次" "不停机的 &debian; 安装。同时,这也是处理那些因为硬件原因不能通" "过任何引导或者安装介质完成安装的权宜之计。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:355 #, no-c-format msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "准备开始" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:356 #, no-c-format msgid "" "With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as " "needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around 350MB of " "space available for a console only install, or about 1GB if you plan to " "install X (more if you intend to install desktop environments like GNOME or " "KDE)." msgstr "如果需重新分区,用您当前的 *nix 的分区工具,至少要划分出一个文件系统,以及交换分区。如果只用控制台,至少要准备 350MB 空间,倘若想装 X,就需要至少 1GB 的空间了(安装 GNOME 或 KDE 这样的桌面环境,还要更多)。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:364 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 " "file system on partition /dev/hda6 (that's our example " "root partition): \n" "# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6\n" " To create an ext2 file system instead, omit " "-j." msgstr "" "下一步,在分区上创建文件系统。例如,在 /dev/hda6 分区(以后的例子中,将把它作为 root 分区)建立一个 ext3 格式的文件系统: \n" "# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6\n" " 建立 ext2 格式的文件系统,要去掉 -j。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:374 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your " "intended Debian swap partition): \n" "# mkswap /dev/hda5\n" "# sync; sync; sync\n" "# swapon /dev/hda5\n" " Mount one partition as /mnt/debinst (the installation point, to be the root (/) " "filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, " "it is referenced later below." msgstr "" "初始化并激活交换分区(请把分区编号替换成您希望用作 Debian 交换分区的分区编号): \n" "# mkswap /dev/hda5\n" "# sync; sync; sync\n" "# swapon /dev/hda5\n" " 把一个分区挂载到 /mnt/debinst(这是安装的位置,将来作为您新系统的根(/)文件系统)。挂载点的名称是任意的,后面的步骤将会用到它。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:386 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n" "# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst" msgstr "" "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n" "# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:389 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate " "partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually " "before proceding with the next stage." msgstr "" "如果您打算将部分文件系统(例如,/usr)放到独立的分区,在进入下一阶段之前,需要" "手动创建和加载这些目录。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:399 #, no-c-format msgid "Install debootstrap" msgstr "安装 debootstrap" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:400 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The utility used by the Debian installer, and recognized as the official way " "to install a Debian base system, is debootstrap. It uses " "wget and ar, but otherwise depends " "only on /bin/sh and basic Unix/Linux tools " " These include the GNU core utilities and commands like sed, grep, tar and gzip. . Install wget and " "ar if they aren't already on your current system, then " "download and install debootstrap." msgstr "" "Debian 安装程序使用的工具,同时也为安装 Debian 基本系统的官方方法采用,是 " "debootstrap。它调用了 wget 和 " "ar,而其他的仅依赖 /bin/sh 和基本" "的 Unix/Linux 工具 它们包括 GNU core 工具和命令,像 " "sedgreptar 和 " "gzip 。如果您的系统里还没有 " "wgetar,先安装它们,然后下载并安装 " "debootstrap。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:430 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work " "folder for extracting the .deb into: \n" "# mkdir work\n" "# cd work\n" " The debootstrap binary is " "located in the Debian archive (be sure to select the proper file for your " "architecture). Download the debootstrap .deb from the " " pool, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. " "You will need to have root privileges to install the files." msgstr "" "或者您也可以通过下面的步骤手动安装它。先新建一个工作目录,用于解压后的 .deb " "文件: \n" "# mkdir work\n" "# cd work\n" " debootstrap 的二进制文件位于 " "Debian archive (请确保选择了与您架构相对应的文件)。下载 " "debootstrap .deb,它位于 pool,把软件包拷贝到工作目录," "并解压获得该文件。把二进制文件安装到系统中,您必须要拥有 root 的权限。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:445 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n" "# cd /\n" "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv" msgstr "" "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n" "# cd /\n" "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:451 #, no-c-format msgid "Run debootstrap" msgstr "运行 debootstrap" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:452 #, no-c-format msgid "" "debootstrap can download the needed files directly from " "the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian archive mirror " "for http.us.debian.org/debian in the command example " "below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at " "." msgstr "" "debootstrap 执行后,它会自己从归档文件库直接下载所需的文" "件。您可以把下面的命令行例子中的 http.us.debian.org/debian 替换成任何一个 Debian 归档文件库的镜像。选择镜像时,可以根据您的网" "络情况选择较近的一个。镜像的列表在 。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:461 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at /cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: " "file:/cdrom/debian/" msgstr "" "如果您已经把一张 &releasename; 版本的 &debian; CD 挂载在了 /cdrom 那么也可以把 http URL 替换成 file URL,即:file:/cdrom/" "debian/" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:467 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Substitute one of the following for ARCH in the " "debootstrap command: alpha, " "amd64, arm, hppa, i386, ia64, " "m68k, mips, mipsel, powerpc, s390, or " "sparc." msgstr "请将下列架构中的一个替换 debootstrap 命令中的 ARCHalphaamd64armhppai386ia64m68kmipsmipselpowerpcs390sparc。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:485 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n" " /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian" msgstr "" "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n" " /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:491 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure The Base System" msgstr "基系统的配置" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:492 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. " "chroot into it: \n" "# LANG=C chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n" " After chrooting you may need to set the terminal " "definition to be compatible with the Debian base system, for example:" msgstr "" "虽然功能很弱,现在您的磁盘上有了一个真正的 Debian 系统。用 chroot 命令进入:\n" "# LANG=C chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n" " 之后您需要设置与 Debian 基本系统兼容的终端定义,例如:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:502 #, no-c-format msgid "# export TERM=xterm-color" msgstr "# export TERM=xterm-color" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:507 #, no-c-format msgid "Mount Partitions" msgstr "分区的挂载" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:508 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You need to create /etc/fstab. " "\n" "# editor /etc/fstab\n" " Here is a sample you can modify to suit: " "\n" "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n" "#\n" "# file system mount point type options dump pass\n" "/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n" "/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n" "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0\n" "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" " Use mount -a to mount all " "the file systems you have specified in your /etc/fstab, " "or, to mount file systems individually, use: \n" "# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n" " Current Debian systems have mountpoints for " "removable media under /media, but keep compatibility " "symlinks in /. Create these as as needed, for example: " "\n" "# cd /media\n" "# mkdir cdrom0\n" "# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n" "# cd /\n" "# ln -s media/cdrom\n" " You can mount the proc file system multiple " "times and to arbitrary locations, though /proc is " "customary. If you didn't use mount -a, be sure to " "mount proc before continuing:" msgstr "" "您需要新建 /etc/fstab\n" "# editor /etc/fstab\n" " 这里有个样板,您不妨根据自己的情况来修改它:\n" "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n" "#\n" "# file system mount point type options dump pass\n" "/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n" "/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n" "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0\n" "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" " 您可以通过 mount -a 来挂载 /etc/fstab 中所标明的所有文件系统,您也可以一个一个分别地挂载这些文件系统,像:\n" "# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n" " Current Debian systems have mountpoints for removable media under /media, but keep compatibility symlinks in /. Create these as as needed, for example: \n" "# cd /media\n" "# mkdir cdrom0\n" "# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n" "# cd /\n" "# ln -s media/cdrom\n" " 您可以多次挂载 proc 文件系统,通常是在 /proc 位置,但也可以选择任意的地方。如果没有使用 mount -a,请在下步前先将 proc 挂载:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:534 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc" msgstr "# mount -t proc proc /proc" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:536 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The command ls /proc should now show a non-empty " "directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the " "chroot:" msgstr "" "ls /proc 命令现在应该列出非空目录。如果失败,您应该从 " "chroot: 以为加载 proc。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:542 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc" msgstr "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:548 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Timezone" msgstr "设置时区" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:549 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An option in the file /etc/default/rcS determines " "whether the system will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC or " "local time. The following command allow you to set that and choose your " "timezone." msgstr "An option in the file /etc/default/rcS determines whether the system will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC or local time. The following command allow you to set that and choose your timezone." #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:556 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# editor /etc/default/rcS\n" "# tzconfig" msgstr "" "# editor /etc/default/rcS\n" "# tzconfig" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:562 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "网络的配置" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:563 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure networking, edit /etc/network/interfaces, " "/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hostname " "and /etc/hosts. \n" "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n" " Here are some simple examples from /" "usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples: \n" "######################################################################\n" "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n" "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n" "# available.\n" "######################################################################\n" "\n" "# We always want the loopback interface.\n" "#\n" "auto lo\n" "iface lo inet loopback\n" "\n" "# To use dhcp:\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n" "\n" "# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet static\n" "# address 192.168.0.42\n" "# network 192.168.0.0\n" "# netmask 255.255.255.0\n" "# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n" "# gateway 192.168.0.1\n" " Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives " "in /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n" " A simple example /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "search hqdom.local\n" "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n" "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n" " Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 " "characters): \n" "# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname\n" " And a basic /etc/hosts with " "IPv6 support: \n" "127.0.0.1 localhost DebianHostName\n" "\n" "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n" "::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n" "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n" " If you have multiple network cards, you should " "arrange the names of driver modules in the /etc/modules " "file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated " "with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect." msgstr "" "要配置网络,请修改 /etc/network/interfaces/etc/resolv.conf/etc/hostname/etc/hosts\n" "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n" " 这里有一些来自 /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples 的简单例子: \n" "######################################################################\n" "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n" "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n" "# available.\n" "######################################################################\n" "\n" "# We always want the loopback interface.\n" "#\n" "auto lo\n" "iface lo inet loopback\n" "\n" "# To use dhcp:\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n" "\n" "# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet static\n" "# address 192.168.0.42\n" "# network 192.168.0.0\n" "# netmask 255.255.255.0\n" "# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n" "# gateway 192.168.0.1\n" " 填入您的域名服务器和搜索指令到 /etc/resolv.conf\n" "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n" " 这里有个简单例子 /etc/resolv.conf\n" "search hqdom.local\n" "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n" "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n" " 输入您系统的主机名(2 到 63 个字符):\n" "# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname\n" " And a basic /etc/hosts with IPv6 support: \n" "127.0.0.1 localhost DebianHostName\n" "\n" "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n" "::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n" "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n" " 如果您有多块网卡,在修改 /etc/modules 文件时,一定要按照期望的顺序排列驱动模块的名字。这样,系统启动时,每块网卡就能获得所预期的 interface 名称了(eth0、eth1 等等)。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:604 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Apt" msgstr "配置 Apt" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:605 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debootstrap will have created a very basic /etc/apt/sources.list that will allow installing additional packages. However, you may " "want to add some additional sources, for example for source packages and " "security updates: \n" "deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian etch main\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n" " Make sure to run aptitude update after you have made changes to the sources list." msgstr "" "Debootstrap 会创建一个基本的 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件来安装额外的软件包。但您可以增加一些其他的源,比如源码和安全更新的源:\n" "deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian etch main\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n" " 修改源列表之后一定要执行 aptitude update。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:621 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Locales and Keyboard" msgstr "本地化和键盘的配置" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:622 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, " "install the locales support package and configure it. " "Currently the use of UTF-8 locales is recommended. " "\n" "# aptitude install locales\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n" " To configure your keyboard (if needed):" msgstr "" "要配置您的 locale 设定,以便使用英语以外的语言,需要安装 locales 支持软件包,然后进行配置: \n" "# aptitude install locales\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n" " 要配置您的键盘(如果需要):" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:632 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# aptitude install console-data\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure console-data" msgstr "" "# aptitude install console-data\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure console-data" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:634 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be " "configured for the next reboot." msgstr "注意,在 chroot 里面不能设置键盘,但重新启动以后可以。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:644 #, no-c-format msgid "Install a Kernel" msgstr "内核的安装" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:645 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel and a " "boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with:" msgstr "要想这个系统启动,您很可能还需要一个 Linux 内核和一个 boot loader。可以用下面指令找到那些预先打包的内核:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:650 #, no-c-format msgid "# apt-cache search linux-image" msgstr "# apt-cache search linux-image" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:652 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you intend to use a pre-packaged kernel, you may want to create the " "configuration file /etc/kernel-img.conf before you do " "so. Here's an example file:" msgstr "如果您打算使用预编译的内核包,可以在使用前创建 /etc/kernel-img.conf 配置文件。这里是一个示例文件:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:658 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Kernel image management overrides\n" "# See kernel-img.conf(5) for details\n" "do_symlinks = yes\n" "relative_links = yes\n" "do_bootloader = yes\n" "do_bootfloppy = no\n" "do_initrd = yes\n" "link_in_boot = no" msgstr "" "# Kernel image management overrides\n" "# See kernel-img.conf(5) for details\n" "do_symlinks = yes\n" "relative_links = yes\n" "do_bootloader = yes\n" "do_bootfloppy = no\n" "do_initrd = yes\n" "link_in_boot = no" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:660 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For detailed information about this file and the various options, consult " "its man page which will be available after installing the kernel-" "package package. We recommend that you check that the values are " "appropriate for your system." msgstr "要了解该文件及其选项的信息,请在安装 kernel-package 软件包后参考其手册(man)。我们建议您使用适合您系统的值。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:667 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Then install the kernel package of your choice using its package name. " "\n" "# aptitude install linux-image-&kernelversion;-arch-etc\n" " If you did not create a /etc/kernel-" "img.conf before installing a pre-packaged kernel, you may be " "asked some questions during its installation that refer to it." msgstr "" "然后使用您选择的内核软件包名来安装。\n" "# aptitude install linux-image-&kernelversion;-arch-etc\n" " 假如您在安装预编译内核包之前没有创建 /etc/kernel-img.conf 文件,安装时会被问到相关的问题。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:681 #, no-c-format msgid "Set up the Boot Loader" msgstr "Boot Loader 的设置" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:682 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load the " "installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that " "debootstrap does not install a boot loader, though you " "can use aptitude inside your Debian chroot to do so." msgstr "" "要让您的 &debian; 系统能够启动,还要创建您的 boot loader,好让它能加载已安装" "的内核并用上新的根分区。注意 debootstrap 不会安装 boot " "loader,因此您要在 Debian 的 chroot 中使用 aptitude 完成。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:689 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Check info grub or man lilo.conf for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping " "the system you used to install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian " "install to your existing grub menu.lst or " "lilo.conf. For lilo.conf, you " "could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done " "editing, call lilo (remember it will use lilo." "conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "通过 info grubman lilo.conf 可以看到有关设置 bootloader 的指导。如果希望保留用来安装 Debian 的那个系统,在现有的 grub menu.lstlilo.conf 里为 Debian 系统的安装添加一条配置就可以了。对于 lilo.conf,您也可以把这个文件拷贝到新的系统里,然后在新的系统里编辑它。修改好配置,运行 lilo(请记住,在哪个系统里运行 lilo,它就会用哪个系统里的 lilo.conf)。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:701 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installing and setting up grub is as easy as: " "\n" "# aptitude install grub\n" "# grub-install /dev/hda\n" "# update-grub\n" " The second command will install grub (in this case in the MBR of hda). The last " "command will create a sane and working /boot/grub/menu.lst." msgstr "" "安装和建立 grub 非常容易:\n" "# aptitude install grub\n" "# grub-install /dev/hda\n" "# update-grub\n" " 第二个命令将安装 grub (本例中是 hda 的 MBR)。最后的命令是创建一个胜任的 /boot/grub/menu.lst。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:711 #, no-c-format msgid "Here is a basic /etc/lilo.conf as an example:" msgstr "下面有一个简单的/etc/lilo.conf 作为例子:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:715 #, no-c-format msgid "" "boot=/dev/hda6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "install=menu\n" "delay=20\n" "lba32\n" "image=/vmlinuz\n" "label=Debian" msgstr "" "boot=/dev/hda6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "install=menu\n" "delay=20\n" "lba32\n" "image=/vmlinuz\n" "label=Debian" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:717 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on which bootloader you selected, you can now make some additional " "changes in /etc/kernel-img.conf." msgstr "根据您选择的 bootloader,可以在 /etc/kernel-img.conf 里做一些修改。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:722 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For the grub bootloader, you should set the " "do_bootloader option to no. And to " "automatically update your /boot/grub/menu.lst on " "installation or removal of Debian kernels, add the following lines: " "\n" "postinst_hook = update-grub\n" "postrm_hook = update-grub\n" " For the lilo bootloader, " "the value of do_bootloader needs to remain yes." msgstr "" "对于 grub bootloader,您应该设置 do_bootloader 选项为 no。为了能在安装或删除 Debian 内核时自动更新 /boot/grub/menu.lst,应添加下面几行:\n" "postinst_hook = update-grub\n" "postrm_hook = update-grub\n" " 对于 lilo bootloader,do_bootloader 的值应保留为 yes。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:734 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Check man yaboot.conf for instructions on setting up " "the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, " "just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing yaboot." "conf. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. " "After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use yaboot." "conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" "通过查阅 man yaboot.conf 可以得到一些有关设置 " "bootloader 的提示。如果您希望继续保留用来安装 Debian 的那个系统,那么在 " "yaboot.conf 里为 Debian 系统的安装添加一条配置就可以了。" "您也可以把这个文件拷贝到新的系统里,然后在新的系统里编辑它。当您修改完毕配" "置,运行 ybin (请记住,您在哪个系统里运行 yaboot.conf )。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:744 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: " "\n" "boot=/dev/hda2\n" "device=hd:\n" "partition=6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n" "timeout=50\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" "label=Debian\n" " On some machines, you may need to use " "ide0: instead of hd:." msgstr "" "下面有一个简单的/etc/yaboot.conf 作为例子: " "\n" "boot=/dev/hda2\n" "device=hd:\n" "partition=6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n" "timeout=50\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" "label=Debian\n" " 在有的电脑上,您或许应该把 ide0: 换成 hd:。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:757 #, no-c-format msgid "Finishing touches" msgstr "最后一笔" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:758 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As mentioned earlier, the installed system will be very basic. If you would " "like to make the system a bit more mature, there is an easy method to " "install all packages with standard priority: " "\n" "# tasksel install standard\n" " Of course, you can also just use " "aptitude to install packages individually." msgstr "" "如前所述,安装的是很基本的系统。如果您想让它更成熟一些,有一个简单的方法,使用 standard 优先级来安装所有的软件包:\n" "# tasksel install standard\n" " 当然,您也可以用 aptitude 来安装单独的软件包。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:769 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After the installation there will be a lot of downloaded packages in " "/var/cache/apt/archives/. You can free up some " "diskspace by running:" msgstr "安装之后,/var/cache/apt/archives/ 里面会有大量下载的软件包。您可以运行下面命令释放空间:" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:775 #, no-c-format msgid "# aptitude clean" msgstr "# aptitude clean" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:786 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)" msgstr "通过 Parallel Line IP (PLIP) 来安装 &debian;" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:788 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section explains how to install &debian; on a computer without an " "Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-" "Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be " "connected to a network that has a Debian mirror on it (e.g. to the Internet)." msgstr "" "本节将说明在没有以太网卡的情况下,如何通过一条 Null-Modem 线(也称为 Null-" "Printer 线),连接到远端网关计算机来安装 &debian;。充当网关的计算机应该连接到" "具有 Debian 镜像的网络(例如,互联网)。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a " "gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will " "use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the " "target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be " "unused within your network address space)." msgstr "" "本附录里面的例子中,我们将建立一个 PLIP 连接,使用的网关通过拨号连接(ppp0)到" "互联网。我们还分别为目标和源系统的 PLIP 接口使用 192.168.0.1 和 192.168.0.2 " "IP 地址(这些地址在您的网络地址空间里面未被占用)。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:804 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available " "after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" "在安装时建立的 PLIP 连接,重新启动后在新安装的系统里面仍然可用(参阅 )。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:809 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base " "address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target " "systems. The most common values are io=0x378, " "irq=7." msgstr "" "开始前,您需要检查一下源与目标系统并口的 BIOS 设置(IO 基地址和 IRQ)。常用的值" "为 io=0x378irq=7。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:819 #, no-c-format msgid "Requirements" msgstr "需求" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:822 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A target computer, called target, where Debian will be " "installed." msgstr "目标计算机,称为 target,将安装 Debian 在上面。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:828 #, no-c-format msgid "System installation media; see ." msgstr "系统安装介质;参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:833 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Another computer connected to the Internet, called source, that will function as the gateway." msgstr "" "另外一台连接到互联网的计算机,称为 source,功能是网关。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:839 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the PLIP-Install-HOWTO for more information on this cable and " "instructions how to make your own." msgstr "" "一条 DB-25 Null-Modem 线。参阅 PLIP-" "Install-HOWTO 了解这种线的更多信息,以及如何自己制作。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:851 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up source" msgstr "建立源" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:852 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the " "source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0." msgstr "" "下面的脚本是一个简单例子,说明如何配置使用 ppp0 连接到互联网的充当网关的源计" "算机。" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:857 #, no-c-format msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" "\n" "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n" "# reconfigure them manually.\n" "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n" "modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7\n" "modprobe plip\n" "\n" "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n" "ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint " "192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n" "\n" "# Configure gateway\n" "modprobe iptable_nat\n" "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j " "MASQUERADE\n" "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" msgstr "" "#!/bin/sh\n" "\n" "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n" "# reconfigure them manually.\n" "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n" "modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7\n" "modprobe plip\n" "\n" "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n" "ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint " "192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n" "\n" "# Configure gateway\n" "modprobe iptable_nat\n" "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j " "MASQUERADE\n" "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:863 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing target" msgstr "安装目标" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:864 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert " "mode; enter expert at the boot prompt. If you need to " "set parameters for kernel modules, you also need to do this at the boot " "prompt. For example, to boot the installer and set values for the io and irq options for the parport_pc module, enter the " "following at the boot prompt: \n" "expert parport_pc.io=0x378 parport_pc." "irq=7\n" " Below are the answers that should be given " "during various stages of the installation." msgstr "" "启动安装介质。安装需要运行在 expert 模式; 在启动提示符下输入 " "expert。如果您需要为内核模块设置参数,同样要在启动提示" "符下输入。例如,要启动安装程序,并为 parport_pc 模块的 io 和 " "irq 选项设置值,在启动提示符后面输入:" "\n" "expert parport_pc.io=0x378 parport_pc." "irq=7\n" " 下面是安装过程中各阶段所要提供的答案。" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:883 #, no-c-format msgid "Load installer components from CD" msgstr "从光盘加载安装组件" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:885 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Select the plip-modules option from the list; this " "will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system." msgstr "" "从列表里面选择 plip-modules 选项; 它使安装系统可以使" "用 PLIP 驱动。" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:893 #, no-c-format msgid "Detect network hardware" msgstr "侦测网络硬件" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:898 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If target does have a network card, a list of driver " "modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use " "plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if " "target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list." msgstr "" "如果目标系统具有网卡,将显示侦测到的网卡的驱动模块列表。" "如果您希望强制 &d-i; 使用 plip,您应该排斥所有列出的驱动模块。显然,如果目标" "系统没有网卡,安装程序不会显示该列表。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:907 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will " "ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the " "plip module." msgstr "" "因为前面没有网卡侦测/选择,安装程序将要求您从列表中选择网络驱动模块。选择 " "plip 模块。" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:919 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure the network" msgstr "配置网络" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:922 #, no-c-format msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No" msgstr "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:927 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IP address: 192.168.0.1" msgstr "" "IP address: 192.168.0.1" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:932 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Point-to-point address: 192.168.0.2" msgstr "" "Point-to-point address: 192.168.0.2" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:938 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see " "/etc/resolv.conf)" msgstr "" "Name server addresses: 您可以使用与源计算机相同的地址 (参阅 /etc/" "resolv.conf)" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:957 #, no-c-format msgid "The Graphical Installer" msgstr "图形安装程序" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:958 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The graphical version of the installer is only available for a limited " "number of architectures, including &arch-title;. The functionality of the " "graphical installer is essentially the same as that of the regular installer " "as it basically uses the same programs, but with a different frontend." msgstr "安装程序的图形版本只在有限的几个体系下存在,这包括 &arch-title;。图形界面安装程序的功能基本与普通安装程序相同,它们都是基于同样的程序,仅仅是使用了不同的前端。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:966 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although the functionality is identical, the graphical installer still has a " "few significant advantages. The main advantage is that it supports more " "languages, namely those that use a character set that cannot be displayed " "with the regular newt frontend. It also has a few usability " "advantages such as the option to use a mouse, and in some cases several " "questions can be displayed on a single screen." msgstr "虽然功能相同,但图形安装程序还有一些优越之处。主要的优点是可以支持更多的语言,特别是那些在普通的 newt 前端下无法显示显示字符的语言。它还有一些优点,比如可以使用鼠标,以及在一个屏幕下显示多个问题。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:975 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The graphical installer is available with all CD images and with the hd-" "media installation method. As the graphical installer uses a separate (much " "larger) initrd than the regular installer, it has to be booted using " "installgui instead of install. " "Analogous, the expert and rescue modes are booted using " "expertgui and rescuegui " "respectively." msgstr "图形安装程序在所有的 CD 映像和硬盘安装方法映像上都有。因为图形安装程序使用单独的(较大的) initrd,它使用 installgui 代替 install 来引导。同理,expert 和 rescue 模式分别使用 expertguirescuegui 来引导。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:985 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is also available as a special mini ISO image The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a Debian " "mirror as described in . Look for " "gtk-miniiso. , which is mainly useful for " "testing; in this case the image is booted just using install. There is no graphical installer image that can be netbooted." msgstr "还有一个特殊的 mini ISO 映像 mini ISO 映像可从 里面的 Debian 镜像下载,名为 gtk-miniiso ,主要用于测试;这时它只能使用 install 来引导。对于网络引导,没有对应的图形安装程序。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:999 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For &arch-title;, currently only an experimental mini ISO " "image is available The mini ISO image " "can be downloaded from a Debian mirror as described in . Look for gtk-miniiso. . It should work on almost all PowerPC systems that have an ATI " "graphical card, but is unlikely to work on other systems." msgstr "对于 &arch-title;,当前只有一个实验性的 mini ISO 映像 mini ISO image 可以从 里面的 Debian 镜像下载,名为 gtk-miniiso 。它可以工作在所有使用 ATI 图形卡的 PowerPC 系统上,但其它的则不行。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1012 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The graphical installer requires significantly more memory to run than the " "regular installer: &minimum-memory-gtk;. If insufficient memory is " "available, it will automatically fall back to the regular newt frontend." msgstr "图形安装程序比普通安装程序需要更多的内存:&minimum-memory-gtk;。如果无法满足内存条件,它将自动回到普通的 newt 前端。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1019 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can add boot parameters when starting the graphical installer, just as " "with the regular installer. One of those parameters allows you to configure " "the mouse for left-handed use. See for valid " "parameters." msgstr "您可以在启动图形安装程序时加上引导参数,就像普通安装程序一样。其中一个参数允许您设置鼠标为左手习惯。参阅 了解可用的参数。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:1029 #, no-c-format msgid "Using the graphical installer" msgstr "使用图形安装程序" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1030 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As already mentioned, the graphical installer basically works the same as " "the regular installer and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide " "you through the installation process." msgstr "前面提到,图形安装程序与普通安装程序基本上工作一致,因此本手册的其他部分可以用来给您的安装过程进行指导。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1036 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you " "need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection " "of countries within continents), you can use the + and " "- keys. For questions where more than one item can be " "selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the " "Continue button after making your selections; hitting " "enter will toggle a selection, not activate Continue." msgstr "如果您喜欢用键盘替代鼠标,有两件事需要知道。要展开一个层级列表(比如用从大洲里面选择国家),可以使用 +- 键。对于多项选择(例如,选择任务),您首先需要在选中后用 tab 跳到 Continue 按钮,按回车键切换选择,而不是激活 Continue。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1046 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To switch to another console, you will also need to use the Ctrl key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT1 " "you would use: Ctrl Left Alt " "F1 ." msgstr "要切换到另外一个控制台,您也需要使用 Ctrl 键,就像在 X Window 系统一样。例如,要切换到 VT1,需要使用: Ctrl Left Alt F1 。" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:1057 #, no-c-format msgid "Known issues" msgstr "已知事项" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1058 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Etch is the first release that includes the graphical installer and uses " "some relatively new technology. There are a few known issues that you may " "run into during the installation. We expect to be able to fix these issues " "for the next release of &debian;." msgstr "Etch 是首个使用图形安装界面的发布版,使用了一些相对新的技术。有一些已知的问题会出现在您的安装过程中。我们希望在下一个 &debian; 发布版中解决这些问题。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1068 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Information on some screens is not nicely formatted into columns as it " "should be. The most obvious example is the first screen where you select " "your language. Another example is the main screen of partman." msgstr "有些画面中的信息没有很好地格式化进它该在的列中。最明显的例子是第一个画面中的语言选择。另外一个例子是 partman 的主画面。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1075 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Typing some characters may not work and in some cases the wrong character " "may be printed. For example, \"composing\" a character by typing an accent " "and then the letter over/under which the accent should appear does not work." msgstr "有些条件下输入一些字符可能会出现错误的字符。例如,用重音符号\"排字\",重音符号之上/下的字母应该显示,但却没有。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1082 #, no-c-format msgid "Support for touchpads is not yet optimal." msgstr "还不支持触摸板" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1087 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You should not switch to a different console while the installer is busy; " "this may cause the frontend to crash. The frontend will be restarted " "automatically, but this may still cause problems with the installation. " "Switching to another console while the installer is waiting for input should " "work without causing any problems." msgstr "当安装程序忙碌的时候,您不应切换到另外一个控制台,这可能会让前端崩溃。虽然前端会自动重启,但这会给安装造成一些问题。当安装程序等待输入时,再切换到其他控制台就不会造成任何问题。" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1096 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Support for creating encrypted partitions is limited as it is not possible " "to generate a random encryption key. It is possible to set up an encrypted " "partition using a passphrase as encryption key." msgstr "由于无法生成随机的密钥,对于创建加密分区的支持仍然有限。但可以使用密码作为密钥来建立加密分区。"