# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-16 09:12+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-11-04 17:18+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Ji YongGang \n" "Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Before Installing &debian-gnu;" msgstr "开始安装 &debian-gnu; 之前" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:6 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This chapter deals with the preparation for installing &debian; before you " "even boot the installer. This includes backing up your data, gathering " "information about your hardware, and locating any necessary information." msgstr "" "本章涉及在启动安装程序安装 &debian; 之前的准备工作。这包括备份您的数据、搜集" "您硬件的信息，以及获取其他一些必要的信息。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:19 #, no-c-format msgid "Overview of the Installation Process" msgstr "安装概述" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:20 #, no-c-format msgid "" "First, just a note about re-installations. With &debian;, a circumstance " "that will require a complete re-installation of your system is very rare; " "perhaps mechanical failure of the hard disk would be the most common case." msgstr "" "先说一下有关重新安装的事情。使用 &debian; 时，极少出现必须进行完全重新安装的" "情况，导致这种情况的可能大多是硬盘的物理故障。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:27 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to be " "performed when critical failures take place or for upgrades to new OS " "versions. Even if a completely new installation isn't required, often the " "programs you use must be re-installed to operate properly in the new OS." msgstr "" "许多常见的操作系统在遇到严重错误，或者要升级到新的版本时，必须进行重新安装。" "就算不需要完全重新安装，通常还得把您的各种程序在新的系统里也再重新安装一遍才" "行。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:35 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Under &debian-gnu;, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired " "rather than replaced if things go wrong. Upgrades never require a wholesale " "installation; you can always upgrade in-place. And the programs are almost " "always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version " "requires newer supporting software, the &debian; packaging system ensures " "that all the necessary software is automatically identified and installed. " "The point is, much effort has been put into avoiding the need for re-" "installation, so think of it as your very last option. The installer is " "not designed to re-install over an existing system." msgstr "" "在 &debian-gnu; 里，如果操作系统遇到出错的情况，您大多时候都能把它修复而不用" "重新安装。升级不再需要进行大规模的安装操作，您可以就地升级它，而这些程序也总" "能和新版的操作系统和平共处。如果一个程序的新版本需要其他程序的更新版本来支持" "它，&debian; 软件包管理系统会自动帮您确定所有必须的软件，并把它们安装上。关键" "是，&debian; 为了避免重新安装而做了大量努力，所以您尽可以不用去烦心这些问题" "了。安装程序不是设计用来重装您的系统的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:48 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here's a road map for the steps you will take during the installation " "process." msgstr "这是安装过程的每个步骤：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:56 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you plan to " "install." msgstr "把将要用来安装系统的硬盘上的所有数据或者文档都备份下来；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:62 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before " "starting the installation." msgstr "在开始整个安装过程之前，收集您的计算机的硬件信息和可能会用到的文档；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:68 #, no-c-format msgid "Create partitionable space for &debian; on your hard disk." msgstr "在硬盘上为 &debian; 留出可以用来创建分区的空间；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:73 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Locate and/or download the installer software and any specialized driver " "files your machine requires (except &debian; CD users)." msgstr "" "如果您不是使用 &debian; CD，请寻找和(或)下载安装程序软件，还有用于您电脑上的" "特殊硬件的驱动程序。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Set up boot tapes/floppies/USB sticks, or place boot files (most &debian; CD " "users can boot from one of the CDs)." msgstr "" "设置从磁带/软盘/USB 盘，或者其它存有系统启动文件的设备上启动(对于大多数 " "&debian; CD 使用者来说，可以直接用一个 CD 启动)；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:85 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot the installation system." msgstr "启动安装系统；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:90 #, no-c-format msgid "Select the installation language." msgstr "选择要安装的语言。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:95 #, no-c-format msgid "Activate the ethernet network connection, if available." msgstr "如果可能，激活网络连接；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:101 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure one network interface." msgstr "配置一个网络接口；" # index.docbook:106, index.docbook:140 #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:106 #, no-c-format msgid "Open an ssh connection to the new system." msgstr "开启新系统的 ssh 连接；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:111 #, no-c-format msgid "Attach one or more DASDs (Direct Access Storage Device)." msgstr "加上一个或多个直接存取设备(DASD)；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:117 #, no-c-format msgid "Create and mount the partitions on which &debian; will be installed." msgstr "创建并挂载用来安装 &debian; 的分区；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:122 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Watch the automatic download/install/setup of the base system." msgstr "等待自动下载、安装和设置基本系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Install a boot loader which can start up &debian-gnu; " "and/or your existing system." msgstr "" "安装 boot loader，它负责启动 &debian-gnu; 和(或)已有的" "其他系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:134 #, no-c-format msgid "Load the newly installed system for the first time." msgstr "第一次加载新安装的系统；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:141 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For &arch-title; you have the option of using a an experimental graphical version " "of the installation system. For more information about this graphical " "installer, see ." msgstr "" "对于 &arch-title;，您可以选择使用一个一个实验性的图形界面的安装系统。有关" "图形安装程序的更多信息，请参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:149 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which " "packages are involved in which steps. Introducing the leading software " "actors in this installation drama:" msgstr "" "如果您在安装过程中遇到问题，下面的信息可以帮助您找到每个步骤里涉及到那些软件" "包。有关这场安装“戏剧”的“主角”的介绍：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:155 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer software, debian-installer, is the " "primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads appropriate " "drivers, uses dhcp-client to set up the network " "connection, runs debootstrap to install the base " "system packages, and runs tasksel to allow you to " "install certain additional software. Many more actors play smaller parts in " "this process, but debian-installer has completed its " "task when you load the new system for the first time." msgstr "" "安装软件，debian-installer，是本手册的关注焦点。它探测" "硬件并加载相应的驱动程序，使用 dhcp-client 建立网络连" "接，运行 debootstrap 安装基本系统的软件包，还运行 " "tasksel 让您安装某些附加软件。在这个过程中，还有许多其" "他程序扮演着各自的角色，而 debian-installer 将伴随您到" "第一次启动新系统时才完成它的使命。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:167 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To tune the system to your needs, tasksel allows you " "to choose to install various predefined bundles of software like a Web " "server or a Desktop environment." msgstr "" "要调节系统满足需求，tasksel 允许您选择安装各种预先定义" "的软件包集合，例如 Web 服务器或一个桌面环境。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:173 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One important option during the installation is whether or not to install a " "graphical desktop environment, consisting of the X Window System and one of " "the available graphical desktop environments. If you choose not to select " "the Desktop environment task, you will only have a relatively " "basic, command line driven system. Installing the Desktop environment task " "is optional because it requires a fairly large amount of disk space, and " "because many &debian-gnu; systems are servers which don't really have any " "need for a graphical user interface to do their job." msgstr "" "安装过程中一个重要的选项是要不要安装图形桌面环境，它由 X Window System 和一个" "图形桌面环境组成。如果没有选择桌面环境任务，就只有一个相对基本" "的、命令行驱动的系统。把安装桌面环境任务作为选项，是因为它需要大量的磁盘空" "间，而且由于许多 &debian-gnu; 系统是作为服务器，并不需要图形用户界面来完成它" "们的工作。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:185 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Just be aware that the X Window System is completely separate from " "debian-installer, and in fact is much more " "complicated. Installation and troubleshooting of the X Window System is not " "within the scope of this manual." msgstr "" "要知道，X Window System 是与 debian-installer 完全分开" "的，实际上它要复杂得多。X Window System 的安装和问题解答不在本手册所关注的范" "围之内。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:200 #, no-c-format msgid "Back Up Your Existing Data!" msgstr "记得备份您所有的数据！" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:201 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your " "system. If this is the first time a non-native operating system has been " "installed on your computer, it's quite likely you will need to re-partition " "your disk to make room for &debian-gnu;. Anytime you partition your disk, " "you run a risk of losing everything on the disk, no matter what program you " "use to do it. The programs used in installation are quite reliable and most " "have seen years of use; but they are also quite powerful and a false move " "can cost you. Even after backing up, be careful and think about your answers " "and actions. Two minutes of thinking can save hours of unnecessary work." msgstr "" "开始安装之前，请确定您已经把系统中所有数据都进行了备份。如果这是您首次安装非" "预装的操作系统，很可能需要对硬盘进行重新分区，来给 Debian 腾出安装的空间。不" "管使用什么程序，分区都会使硬盘上的所有数据全部丢失。在我们的安装过程中使用的" "分区程序经过多年使用，被证明非常可靠，但它的功能也非常强大，您可能会为一次错" "误操作而付出代价。即使是已经备份过数据，也要谨慎使用，最好在每次操作之前先认" "真考虑一下。两分钟的思考可能会为您节省几个小时的不必要的恢复工作。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:214 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are creating a multi-boot system, make sure that you have the " "distribution media of any other present operating systems on hand. " "Especially if you repartition your boot drive, you might find that you have " "to reinstall your operating system's boot loader, or in many cases the whole " "operating system itself and all files on the affected partitions." msgstr "" "如果是想把电脑做成多重引导的系统，请先确定您手头上有电脑里已经存在的这些操作" "系统的安装介质。特别是当您把启动盘重新分区以后，可能会发现必须重新安装原有操" "作系统的启动引导程序，某些情况下，还得重新安装该操作系统并恢复受影响分区上的" "文件。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:232 #, no-c-format msgid "Information You Will Need" msgstr "一些有用的信息" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:235 #, no-c-format msgid "Documentation" msgstr "文档" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:238 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation Manual" msgstr "安装手册" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:240 #, no-c-format msgid "This document you are now reading, in plain ASCII, HTML or PDF format." msgstr "您正在阅读的文档，是纯文本、HTML 或者 PDF 格式。" #. Tag: itemizedlist #: preparing.xml:246 #, no-c-format msgid "&list-install-manual-files;" msgstr "&list-install-manual-files;" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:252 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The document you are now reading, which is the official version of the " "Installation Guide for the &releasename; release of &debian;; available in " "various formats and " "translations." msgstr "" "您正在阅读的文档，是 &debian; &releasename; 发行版安装指南的正式版本; 还有" "各种文件格式和不同语种的翻译" "。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:261 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The document you are now reading, which is a development version of the " "Installation Guide for the next release of &debian;; available in various formats and translations." msgstr "" "您正在阅读的文档，是 &debian; 下一个发行版安装指南的开发版本；有各种文件格式和不同语种的翻译。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware documentation" msgstr "硬件文档" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:274 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Often contains useful information on configuring or using your hardware." msgstr "通常包含设置和使用您硬件的有用信息。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:285 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO" msgstr "Linux 硬件兼容性指南" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:291 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ" msgstr "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:297 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux/Mips website" msgstr "Linux/Mips website" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:306 #, no-c-format msgid "&arch-title; Hardware References" msgstr "&arch-title; Hardware References" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:307 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Documentation of &arch-title;-specific boot sequence, commands and device " "drivers (e.g. DASD, XPRAM, Console, OSA, HiperSockets and z/VM interaction)" msgstr "" "&arch-title;-规格引导次序、命令和设备驱动程序文档(如： DASD、XPRAM、Console、" "OSA、HiperSockets 和 z/VM interaction)" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:318 #, no-c-format msgid "Device Drivers, Features, and Commands (Linux Kernel 2.6.32)" msgstr "设备驱动程序、特性和命令(Linux 内核 2.6.32)" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:323 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IBM Redbook describing how Linux can be combined with z/VM on zSeries and " "&arch-title; hardware." msgstr "" "IBM Redbook 讲述了如何将 Linux 与 zSeries 的 z/VM 和 &arch-title; 硬件组合。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:333 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for &arch-title;" msgstr "用于 &arch-title; 的 Linux" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:339 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IBM Redbook describing the Linux distributions available for the mainframe. " "It has no chapter about &debian; but the basic installation concepts are the " "same across all &arch-title; distributions." msgstr "" "IBM Redbook 介绍了可用于 mainframe 的 Linux 发行版。其中没有关于 &debian; 的" "章节，但对于所有的 &arch-title; 发行版，基本的安装概念是相同的。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:350 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions" msgstr "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:360 #, no-c-format msgid "Finding Sources of Hardware Information" msgstr "提供硬件信息的资源" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:361 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In many cases, the installer will be able to automatically detect your " "hardware. But to be prepared, we do recommend familiarizing yourself with " "your hardware before the install." msgstr "" "许多情况下，安装程序能自动检测您的硬件。但作为预备，我们建议您还是在安装之前" "熟悉一下您的硬件比较好。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:367 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware information can be gathered from:" msgstr "获取硬件信息的途径有：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:374 #, no-c-format msgid "The manuals that come with each piece of hardware." msgstr "每个硬件附带的手册。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:379 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The BIOS setup screens of your computer. You can view these screens when you " "start your computer by pressing a combination of keys. Check your manual for " "the combination. Often, it is the Delete key." msgstr "" "您计算机的 BIOS 配置画面。在计算机启动时，可以通过按组合键查看这些画面。请从" "您的手册确认组合键。通常，它是 Delete 键。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:386 #, no-c-format msgid "The cases and boxes for each piece of hardware." msgstr "每个硬件的包装盒。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:392 #, no-c-format msgid "The System window in the Windows Control Panel." msgstr "Windows 控制面板里面的系统窗口。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:398 #, no-c-format msgid "" "System commands or tools in another operating system, including file manager " "displays. This source is especially useful for information about RAM and " "hard drive memory." msgstr "" "其他操作系统里面的系统命令或工具，包括文件管理器的显示。该资源对了解 RAM 和硬" "盘特别有用。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:405 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Your system administrator or Internet Service Provider. These sources can " "tell you the settings you need to set up your networking and e-mail." msgstr "" "您的系统管理员或者互联网服务提供商。他们可以告诉您所需的网络和 e-mail 配置信" "息。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:417 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Information Needed for an Install" msgstr "安装所需的硬件信息" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:421 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware" msgstr "硬件" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:421 #, no-c-format msgid "Information You Might Need" msgstr "您需要了解的信息" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:427 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Drives" msgstr "硬盘" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:428 #, no-c-format msgid "How many you have." msgstr "拥有的容量。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:430 #, no-c-format msgid "Their order on the system." msgstr "它们在系统上的次序。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:432 #, no-c-format msgid "Whether IDE (also known as PATA), SATA or SCSI." msgstr "是 IDE (也称为 PATA)、SATA 或 SCSI。" # index.docbook:445, index.docbook:497 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:434 preparing.xml:486 #, no-c-format msgid "Available free space." msgstr "可用空间。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:435 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitions." msgstr "分区。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:437 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitions where other operating systems are installed." msgstr "安装有其他操作系统的分区。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:441 #, no-c-format msgid "Monitor" msgstr "显示器" # index.docbook:453, index.docbook:473, index.docbook:479, index.docbook:485 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:442 preparing.xml:462 preparing.xml:468 preparing.xml:474 #, no-c-format msgid "Model and manufacturer." msgstr "型号与制造商。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:444 #, no-c-format msgid "Resolutions supported." msgstr "支持的分辨率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:445 #, no-c-format msgid "Horizontal refresh rate." msgstr "水平扫描频率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:446 #, no-c-format msgid "Vertical refresh rate." msgstr "垂直扫描频率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:448 #, no-c-format msgid "Color depth (number of colors) supported." msgstr "支持的颜色深度(颜色数)。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:450 #, no-c-format msgid "Screen size." msgstr "屏幕尺寸。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:453 #, no-c-format msgid "Mouse" msgstr "鼠标" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:454 #, no-c-format msgid "Type: serial, PS/2, or USB." msgstr "类型：串口、PS/2 或 USB。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:456 #, no-c-format msgid "Port." msgstr "端口。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:457 #, no-c-format msgid "Manufacturer." msgstr "制造商。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:458 #, no-c-format msgid "Number of buttons." msgstr "按键数。" # index.docbook:472, index.docbook:500 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:461 preparing.xml:489 #, no-c-format msgid "Network" msgstr "网络" # index.docbook:475, index.docbook:501 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:464 preparing.xml:490 #, no-c-format msgid "Type of adapter." msgstr "适配器类型。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:467 #, no-c-format msgid "Printer" msgstr "打印机" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:470 #, no-c-format msgid "Printing resolutions supported." msgstr "支持的打印分辨率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:473 #, no-c-format msgid "Video Card" msgstr "视频卡" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:476 #, no-c-format msgid "Video RAM available." msgstr "可用显存。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:478 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Resolutions and color depths supported (these should be checked against your " "monitor's capabilities)." msgstr "支持的分辨率和颜色数(还需检验您显示器的能力)。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:483 #, no-c-format msgid "DASD" msgstr "DASD" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:484 #, no-c-format msgid "Device number(s)." msgstr "设备数。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:492 #, no-c-format msgid "Device numbers." msgstr "设备数。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:493 #, no-c-format msgid "Relative adapter number for OSA cards." msgstr "OSA 卡的相对适配器号。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:501 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Compatibility" msgstr "硬件兼容性" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:503 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many brand name products work without trouble on &arch-kernel;. Moreover, " "hardware support in &arch-kernel; is improving daily. However, &arch-kernel; " "still does not run as many different types of hardware as some operating " "systems." msgstr "" "多数品牌的产品在 &arch-kernel; 上运行不会有问题。而且，对 &arch-kernel; 的硬" "件支持每天都在改善。然而，&arch-kernel; 仍然不能像某些操作系统那样可以在各种" "不同的硬件上运行。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:509 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In particular, &arch-kernel; usually cannot run hardware that requires a " "running version of Windows to work." msgstr "" "特别是，&arch-kernel; 通常不能驱动那些需要某些版本 Windows 才运行的硬件上。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:514 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although some Windows-specific hardware can be made to run on Linux, doing " "so usually requires extra effort. In addition, Linux drivers for Windows-" "specific hardware are usually specific to one Linux kernel. Therefore, they " "can quickly become obsolete." msgstr "" "虽然可以让某些 Windows 规格的硬件运行在 Linux 上，但这通常需要额外的工作。另" "外，对应 Windows 规格硬件的 Linux 驱动程序常指定在某一特定版本的 Linux 内核" "上。因此，它们很快就会被废弃。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:521 #, no-c-format msgid "" "So called win-modems are the most common type of this hardware. However, " "printers and other equipment may also be Windows-specific." msgstr "" "被称为 win-modem 的设备是这类硬件的典型。但打印机和其他设备也有是 Windows 规" "格的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:526 #, no-c-format msgid "You can check hardware compatibility by:" msgstr "您可以通过以下方式检验硬件兼容性：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:531 #, no-c-format msgid "Checking manufacturers' web sites for new drivers." msgstr "检查制造商的网站来得到新的驱动程序。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:536 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Looking at web sites or manuals for information about emulation. Lesser " "known brands can sometimes use the drivers or settings for better-known ones." msgstr "" "查看网站或者手册以获取有关仿真的信息。不常见的品牌有时可以使用常见品牌设备的" "驱动程序或者设置。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:543 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Checking hardware compatibility lists for &arch-kernel; on web sites " "dedicated to your architecture." msgstr "检查您计算机体系的 &arch-kernel; 兼容性列表网站。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:549 #, no-c-format msgid "Searching the Internet for other users' experiences." msgstr "搜索互联网查找其他用户的经验。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:560 #, no-c-format msgid "Network Settings" msgstr "网络设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:562 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your computer is connected to a network 24 hours a day (i.e., an Ethernet " "or equivalent connection — not a PPP connection), you should ask your " "network's system administrator for this information." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机一天 24 小时都连在网上(即，以太网或等价的连接 — 而不是拨" "号连接)，您需要向您的网络系统管理员咨询这项信息。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:569 #, no-c-format msgid "Your host name (you may be able to decide this on your own)." msgstr "您的主机名(您也许可以自己决定)。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:574 #, no-c-format msgid "Your domain name." msgstr "您的域名。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:579 #, no-c-format msgid "Your computer's IP address." msgstr "您的计算机 IP 地址。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:584 #, no-c-format msgid "The netmask to use with your network." msgstr "您网络的网络掩码。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:589 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway system you should route to, if your " "network has a gateway." msgstr "" "路由经过的默认网关的 IP 地址，如果您的网络有网关的话。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:595 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The system on your network that you should use as a DNS (Domain Name " "Service) server." msgstr "您的网络中作为 DNS(域名服务) 服务器的系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:603 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On the other hand, if your administrator tells you that a DHCP server is " "available and is recommended, then you don't need this information because " "the DHCP server will provide it directly to your computer during the " "installation process." msgstr "" "另一方面，如果您的系统管理员告诉您有 DHCP 服务器可用，并且推荐使用，那么您不" "需了解这项信息，因为 DHCP 服务器会在安装过程中直接提供。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:610 #, no-c-format msgid "If you use a wireless network, you should also find out:" msgstr "如果您有一个无线网络，您应该找出：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:615 #, no-c-format msgid "ESSID of your wireless network." msgstr "您的无线网络的 ESSID。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:620 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "WEP security key (if applicable)." msgid "WEP or WPA/WPA2 security key (if applicable)." msgstr "WEP 安全密钥(如果可用)。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:637 #, no-c-format msgid "Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "满足最低的硬件要求" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:638 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you have gathered information about your computer's hardware, check " "that your hardware will let you do the type of installation that you want to " "do." msgstr "" "您一旦收集好计算机上硬件配置的相关信息，复查一下您的硬件，就可以让您如愿以" "偿，安装上系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:644 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on your needs, you might manage with less than some of the " "recommended hardware listed in the table below. However, most users risk " "being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions." msgstr "" "基于您的需求，也许可以用低于下面表格所列的配置装上系统。但是，如果无视这些建" "议的话，多数用户会安装失败。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:650 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Pentium 4, 1GHz system is the minimum recommended for a desktop system." msgstr "Pentium 4、1GHz 的系统是桌面系统的最低推荐配置。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:655 #, no-c-format msgid "Any OldWorld or NewWorld PowerPC can serve well as a desktop system." msgstr "任何一台 OldWorld 或 NewWorld PowerPC 都可以用作一个不错的桌面系统。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:662 #, no-c-format msgid "Recommended Minimum System Requirements" msgstr "推荐的最低系统配置" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:666 #, no-c-format msgid "Install Type" msgstr "安装类别" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:667 #, no-c-format msgid "RAM (minimal)" msgstr "RAM (最低要求)" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:668 #, no-c-format msgid "RAM (recommended)" msgstr "RAM (推荐配置)" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:669 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Drive" msgstr "硬盘" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:675 #, no-c-format msgid "No desktop" msgstr "无桌面的系统" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:676 #, no-c-format msgid "64 megabytes" msgstr "64 MB" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:677 #, no-c-format msgid "256 megabytes" msgstr "256 MB" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:678 #, no-c-format msgid "1 gigabyte" msgstr "1 GB" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:680 #, no-c-format msgid "With Desktop" msgstr "桌面系统" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:681 #, no-c-format msgid "128 megabytes" msgstr "128 MB" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:682 #, no-c-format msgid "512 megabytes" msgstr "512 MB" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:683 #, no-c-format msgid "5 gigabytes" msgstr "5 GB" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:688 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The actual minimum memory requirements are a lot less then the numbers " "listed in this table. Depending on the architecture, it is possible to " "install &debian; with as little as 20MB (for s390) to 60MB (for amd64). The " "same goes for the disk space requirements, especially if you pick and choose " "which applications to install; see for " "additional information on disk space requirements." msgstr "" "实际的内存最低要求会略低于表中的数字。根据各自的体系，&debian; 可以在 20MB " "(s390) 到 60MB (amd64) 这样少的内存上安装。同样，对磁盘空间也是如此，取决于您" "选择安装的应用软件。参阅 了解磁盘空间需" "求的内容。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:698 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible to run a graphical desktop environment on older or low-end " "systems, but in that case it is recommended to install a window manager that " "is less resource-hungry than those of the GNOME or KDE desktop environments; " "alternatives include xfce4, icewm and wmaker, but there are others to choose " "from." msgstr "" "在老的或低阶的系统上也可以运行图形桌面环境，但这种情况下建议安装那些消耗资源" "比 GNOME 或 KDE 桌面环境少的窗口管理器，比如 xfce4、" "icewm 和 wmaker，有很多可供选" "择。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:707 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is practically impossible to give general memory or disk space " "requirements for server installations as those very much depend on what the " "server is to be used for." msgstr "" "很难说清楚服务器安装该需要多少内存和磁盘空间，这完全取决于服务器的用途。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:713 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Remember that these sizes don't include all the other materials which are " "usually to be found, such as user files, mail, and data. It is always best " "to be generous when considering the space for your own files and data." msgstr "" "要提醒您的是，上面所说的空间大小并没有把任何其它的资料数据包含在内。这通常包" "含用户的文件、信件或者数据。在考虑您自己的文件和数据空间时，越慷慨越好。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:720 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Disk space required for the smooth operation of the &debian-gnu; system " "itself is taken into account in these recommended system requirements. " "Notably, the /var partition contains a lot of state " "information specific to &debian; in addition to its regular contents, like " "logfiles. The dpkg files (with information on all " "installed packages) can easily consume 40MB. Also, apt-get puts downloaded packages here before they are installed. You should " "usually allocate at least 200MB for /var, and a lot " "more if you install a graphical desktop environment." msgstr "" "在推荐的系统需求中已经包含流畅运行 &debian-gnu; 所需的磁盘空间。尤其是 " "/var 分区里装有许多 &debian; 的特定状态信息和类似日志文" "件这样的常规内容。dpkg 所用的文件(含有所有已安装软件包的信" "息)很容易就会消耗掉 40MB。另外，apt-get 会在安装前将下载的" "软件包放在这里。您应当最少分配 200MB 的空间给 /var，如果" "您安装了图形桌面系统，还要更多空间。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:744 #, no-c-format msgid "Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems" msgstr "为多重启动系统事先分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:745 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Partitioning your disk simply refers to the act of breaking up your disk " "into sections. Each section is then independent of the others. It's roughly " "equivalent to putting up walls inside a house; if you add furniture to one " "room it doesn't affect any other room." msgstr "" "为您的硬盘分区仅仅指的是将您的硬盘空间切分成几块。分区之后，每一块都是独立于" "其余部分的单独空间。这和在一个大房子里砌几堵墙有几分相似，如果您在其中一间房" "间里安置家具，那么这不会对其它房间有任何影响。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:752 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whenever this section talks about disks you should translate " "this into a DASD or VM minidisk in the &arch-title; world. Also a machine " "means an LPAR or VM guest in this case." msgstr "" "本节中所有提到硬盘的地方，您应当把它理解为 &arch-title; 世界中" "的 DASD 或者 VM minidisk。同时，在这里，一台机器意指的是 LPAR 或者客户虚拟" "机。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:758 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you already have an operating system on your system (Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7, OS/2, MacOS, Solaris, " "FreeBSD, …) (VM, z/OS, OS/390, " "…) and want to stick &debian; on the same disk, you will " "need to repartition the disk. &debian; requires its own hard disk " "partitions. It cannot be installed on Windows or MacOS partitions. It may be " "able to share some partitions with other Unix systems, but that's not " "covered here. At the very least you will need a dedicated partition for the " "&debian; root." msgstr "" "如果您已经在您的机器中安装有操作系统 (Windows 9x、" "Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7、OS/2、MacOS、Solaris、FreeBSD，…) (VM、z/OS、OS/390，…) ，同时也" "希望把 Linux 装在同一块硬盘上，那么您就必须重新对硬盘分区。&debian; 需要它自" "己专用的硬盘分区。它不能被安装在 Windows 或者 MacOS 的分区上。它可以与其它 " "Linux 系统共享一些分区，但是我们在这里不会对此进行说明。最起码，您要为 " "&debian; 的根目录准备一个专用的分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:777 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can find information about your current partition setup by using a " "partitioning tool for your current operating system, such as fdisk or PartitionMagic, " "such as Drive Setup, HD Toolkit, or MacTools, " "such as the VM diskmap. Partitioning tools always provide a way to " "show existing partitions without making changes." msgstr "" "通过当前的操作系统中的分区工具，您可以获知现在的分区状况，如 fdisk 和 PartitionMagic，如 " "Drive Setup、HD Toolkit 和 MacTools，如 VM " "diskmap。分区工具总会提供一种办法让您查看现有的分区情况，而不作任何" "改动。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:786 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In general, changing a partition with a file system already on it will " "destroy any information there. Thus you should always make backups before " "doing any repartitioning. Using the analogy of the house, you would probably " "want to move all the furniture out of the way before moving a wall or you " "risk destroying it." msgstr "" "通常情况下，改动一个已经建立文件系统的分区，会导致其中的数据信息遭到损毁。因" "而，您应当在重新分区之前总是先做一下备份。继续拿房子作比喻，在移动墙壁时，您" "最好在把挡路的家具都移开，否则就要冒家具被毁坏的危险。" #. Tag: emphasis #: preparing.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?" msgstr "FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:798 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your computer has more than one hard disk, you may want to dedicate one " "of the hard disks completely to &debian;. If so, you don't need to partition " "that disk before booting the installation system; the installer's included " "partitioning program can handle the job nicely." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机配有不只一块硬盘，您或许可以考虑把其中一块硬盘专门分配给 " "&debian; 使用。这样的话，您就不用在启动安装系统前再对那块硬盘进行分区了，安装" "程序自带的分区程序会漂亮地完成这个任务。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:805 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine has only one hard disk, and you would like to completely " "replace the current operating system with &debian-gnu;, you also can wait to " "partition as part of the installation process (), after you have booted the installation system. However this only " "works if you plan to boot the installer system from tapes, CD-ROM or files " "on a connected machine. Consider: if you boot from files placed on the hard " "disk, and then partition that same hard disk within the installation system, " "thus erasing the boot files, you'd better hope the installation is " "successful the first time around. At the least in this case, you should have " "some alternate means of reviving your machine like the original system's " "installation tapes or CDs." msgstr "" "若是您的机器只有一块硬盘，而且您愿意把原来的操作系统全盘替换成 &debian-gnu;，" "那么可以在启动安装系统后，待到安装时再进行分区()。但是，只有当您使用存储于磁带、CD-ROM 或者联网的机器上的安装系统，并从" "它们启动安装程序时，上面的话才适用于您的情形。试想一下：假如您用放在硬盘上的" "文件启动，再在安装系统中对同一块硬盘进行分区，这就会擦除那些启动文件，这时恐" "怕您只能祈求上苍保佑第一次就安装成功吧。在这种情况下，若要让您的机器恢复正" "常，至少您还可以有几个办法可选，比如原先系统的安装磁带或 CD。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:820 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine already has multiple partitions, and enough space can be " "provided by deleting and replacing one or more of them, then you too can " "wait and use the &debian; installer's partitioning program. You should still " "read through the material below, because there may be special circumstances " "like the order of the existing partitions within the partition map, that " "force you to partition before installing anyway." msgstr "" "倘若您的机器已经有多个分区，并且通过删除或替换它们中的一个或多个就能为安装提" "供足够的空间，那么您一样也可以把分区操作延后，到安装时再使用 &debian; 安装程" "序自带的分区工具。不过，您还是应当继续读完下面的文档，因为可能会存在一些特殊" "的情形。比如，分区表中现有分区的顺序问题，这也许会令您不得不在安装前先分好" "区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:830 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine has a FAT or NTFS filesystem, as used by DOS and Windows, " "you can wait and use &debian; installer's partitioning program to resize the " "filesystem." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机上有 FAT 或 NTFS 文件系统，它被 DOS 和 Windows 使用，您可以等到" "用 &debian; 安装程序中的分区工具来重新调整文件系统的大小。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:836 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If none of the above apply, you'll need to partition your hard disk before " "starting the installation to create partitionable space for &debian;. If " "some of the partitions will be owned by other operating systems, you should " "create those partitions using native operating system partitioning programs. " "We recommend that you do not attempt to create " "partitions for &debian-gnu; using another operating system's tools. Instead, " "you should just create the native operating system's partitions you will " "want to retain." msgstr "" "如果您的情况不属于上面任何一种，那么需要在开始安装之前，事先为 &debian; 腾出" "可用于分区的空间。要是有分区是为其它操作系统准备的，最好用该操作系统自己的分" "区软件来新建这些分区。我们建议您不要用其它操作系统里的工" "具为 &debian-gnu; 创建 Linux 分区。也就是说，应当仅仅创建要保留的操作系统自身" "的分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:848 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are going to install more than one operating system on the same " "machine, you should install all other system(s) before proceeding with " "&debian; installation. Windows and other OS installations may destroy your " "ability to start &debian;, or encourage you to reformat non-native " "partitions." msgstr "" "倘若您打算在同一台机器上安装多个操作系统的话，应当在安装 &debian; 之前，先把" "所有其它系统都装好。Windows 和其它操作系统的安装过程可能会让您无法启动 " "&debian;，也可能会怂恿您重新格式化不属于它们自己的分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:856 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can recover from these actions or avoid them, but installing the native " "system first saves you trouble." msgstr "" "尽管您可以在这些操作之后再恢复回来，也可以避免它们，但是首先安装原有的系统就" "能够帮您免除这些烦恼。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:861 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian-gnu; the &arch-" "parttype; partitions should appear before all other partitions on the disk, " "especially MacOS boot partitions. This should be kept in mind when pre-" "partitioning; you should create a &arch-parttype; placeholder partition to " "come before the other bootable partitions on the disk. " "(The small partitions dedicated to Apple disk drivers are not bootable.) You " "can delete the placeholder with the &debian; partition tools later during " "the actual install, and replace it with &arch-parttype; partitions." msgstr "" "为了能让 OpemFirmware 自动启动 &debian-gnu; &arch-parttype; 分区必须被安置在" "其它分区之前，特别是 MacOS 的启动分区。在事先分区时，这一点您必须牢记在心。" "即，您必须在其它可引导分区之前为 &arch-parttype; 预留一" "个分区。(专门留给 Apple 的硬盘驱动程序的那些小分区并不是可引导的。) 您可以在" "真正安装时，用 &debian; 的分区工具来删除当初预留的分区，再用 &arch-parttype; " "的分区取而代之。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:873 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you currently have one hard disk with one partition (a common setup for " "desktop computers), and you want to multi-boot the native operating system " "and &debian;, you will need to:" msgstr "" "如果您现在有一块硬盘，这块硬盘上仅有一个分区(这是桌面电脑的通常设置)，同时希" "望能多重启动原有的操作系统和 &debian;，那么您将需要：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:880 #, no-c-format msgid "Back up everything on the computer." msgstr "备份计算机里所有的数据。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:885 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot from the native operating system installer media such as CD-ROM or " "tapes. When booting from a MacOS CD, hold the " "c key while booting to force the CD to become the active " "MacOS system." msgstr "" "从原有操作系统的安装介质(如 CD-ROM 和磁带)启动。当" "从 MacOS CD 启动时，按住 c 键不放，这样就能启用 CD 作为当前" "的 MacOS 系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:895 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Use the native partitioning tools to create native system partition(s). " "Leave either a place holder partition or free space for &debian-gnu;." msgstr "" "使用原有系统里的分区工具来新建属于原来系统的分区。为 &debian-gnu; 或者预留一" "个分区，或者腾出一块空闲空间。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:902 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the native operating system on its new partition." msgstr "把原有的操作系统安装到属于它的新分区上。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:907 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot back into the native system to verify everything's OK, and to download " "the &debian; installer boot files." msgstr "" "启动到原有的操作系统，以确保一切正常，再下载 &debian; 安装程序的启动文件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:913 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot the &debian; installer to continue installing &debian;." msgstr "启动 &debian; 安装程序，并继续安装 &debian;。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:927 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning From DOS or Windows" msgstr "从 DOS 或 Windows 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:928 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are manipulating existing FAT or NTFS partitions, it is recommended " "that you either use the scheme below or native Windows or DOS tools. " "Otherwise, it is not really necessary to partition from DOS or Windows; the " "&debian; partitioning tools will generally do a better job." msgstr "" "如果您想在已有的 FAT 或 NTFS 分区上动手，那么建议您或者按照下面介绍的方案操" "作，或者使用 Windows 或者 DOS 自己的工具软件。否则的话，真的没必要从 DOS 或" "者 Windows 分区，一般来说，&debian; 的分区软件会做得更好。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:936 #, no-c-format msgid "" "But if you have a large IDE disk, and are not using LBA addressing, overlay " "drivers (sometimes provided by hard disk manufacturers), or a new (post " "1998) BIOS that supports large disk access extensions, then you must locate " "your &debian; boot partition carefully. In this case, you will have to put " "the boot partition into the first 1024 cylinders of your hard disk (usually " "around 524 megabytes, without BIOS translation). This may require that you " "move an existing FAT or NTFS partition." msgstr "" "但是，如果您有一块 IDE 接口的大硬盘，而且使用的既不是 LBA 寻址或 overlay 驱动" "(有时候硬盘厂商会提供这种驱动)，也没用支持大硬盘访问扩展的新款(1998 年以后) " "BIOS，那么必须小心地划分 &debian; 的引导分区。在这种情形下，一定要把引导分区" "分在硬盘开始的 1024 柱面之内(BIOS 不换算的话，大约 524 MB)。为此，您可能需要" "移动已存在的 FAT 或 NTFS 分区。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:950 #, no-c-format msgid "Lossless Repartitioning When Starting From DOS, Win-32 or OS/2" msgstr "在 DOS、Win-32 或者 OS/2 上的无损分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:953 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the most common installations is onto a system that already contains " "DOS (including Windows 3.1), Win32 (such as Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, " "XP, 2003, Vista, 7), or OS/2, and it is desired to put &debian; onto the " "same disk without destroying the previous system. Note that the installer " "supports resizing of FAT and NTFS filesystems as used by DOS and Windows. " "Simply start the installer and when you get to the partitioning step, select " "the option for Manual " "partitioning, select the partition to resize, and specify its new size. So " "in most cases you should not need to use the method described below." msgstr "" "在常见的安装中，有一种是希望在已装有 DOS(含 Windows 3.1)、Win32(如 Windows " "95、98、Me、NT、2000、XP、2003、Vista、7) 或者 OS/2 的系统上安装 &debian; 到" "同一块硬盘，并保留原有系统。注意，安装程序支持改变 DOS 和 Windows 所使用的 " "FAT 和 NTFS 文件系统的容量。只需启动安装程序，选择 " "Manual 选项，并选择需要调整大小的分" "区，指定新的尺寸。在多数情况下您并不需要使用下面的方法。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:965 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before going any further, you should have decided how you will be dividing " "up the disk. The method in this section will only split a partition into two " "pieces. One will contain the original OS and the other will be used for " "&debian;. During the installation of &debian;, you will be given the " "opportunity to use the &debian; portion of the disk as you see fit, i.e., as " "swap or as a file system." msgstr "" "在操作前，应该先想好如何分割硬盘。本节所述的方法只会把一个分区一分为二。分出" "来的其中一片放原来的操作系统，而另一片则归 &debian; 使用。在 &debian; 的安装" "过程中，您会有机会把您认为合适的那部分硬盘划归 &debian; 使用。比如说，用作交" "换分区或者放置文件系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:974 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The idea is to move all the data on the partition to the beginning, before " "changing the partition information, so that nothing will be lost. It is " "important that you do as little as possible between the data movement and " "repartitioning to minimize the chance of a file being written near the end " "of the partition as this will decrease the amount of space you can take from " "the partition." msgstr "" "办法就是在更改分区信息之前，把这个分区中的所有的数据移到分区的前面部分，这样" "数据就会分毫无损。有一点很重要，即在移动数据之后，和重新分区之前这段时间之" "内，尽量不要往分区的后部写数据。否则就会减少从能该分区分出去的空间大小。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:983 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The first thing needed is a copy of fips. Unzip the " "archive and copy the files RESTORRB.EXE, FIPS." "EXE and ERRORS.TXT to a bootable floppy. A " "bootable floppy can be created using the command sys a: " "under DOS. fips comes with very good documentation which " "you may want to read. You will definitely need to read the documentation if " "you use a disk compression driver or a disk manager. Create the disk and " "read the documentation before you defragment the disk." msgstr "" "首先需要一份 fips。解压并复制文件 RESTORRB.EXE、FIPS.EXE 和 ERRORS.TXT " "到一张引导软盘。在 DOS 下，引导软盘可以用 sys a: 命令制" "作。fips 附带有非常好的文档，您需要读一读。如果您使用了压" "缩磁盘或者磁盘管理器，那一定要读一下这份文档。创建磁盘，然后在整理磁盘碎片" "前阅读这份文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:995 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The next thing needed is to move all the data to the beginning of the " "partition. defrag, which comes standard with DOS 6.0 and " "later, can easily do the job. See the fips documentation " "for a list of other software that may do the trick. Note that if you have " "Windows 9x, you must run defrag from there, since DOS " "doesn't understand VFAT, which is used to support for long filenames, used " "in Windows 95 and higher." msgstr "" "下一件要做的事，是把所有的数据移动到分区的前面部分。DOS 自 6.0 后就带有 " "defrag 程序，它可以很方便地完成这个任务。请参阅 " "fips 文档查看其他可用来执行此任务的软件列表。要提醒一下，" "如果您用的是 Windows 9x，那么必须在 Windows 里运行 defrag，原因是 DOS 不能识别 Windows 95 及其以后版本所使用的支持长文件名的 " "VFAT 分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1005 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After running the defragmenter (which can take a while on a large disk), " "reboot with the fips disk you created in the floppy " "drive. Simply type a:\\fips and follow the directions." msgstr "" "磁盘碎片清理程序(defragmenter)运行完毕后(如果是硬盘比较大，那么得等上一会儿" "了)，用您在软驱里生成的 fips 软盘重启。只须输入 " "a:\\fips，然后按照提示操作。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1011 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that there are many other partition managers out there, in case " "fips doesn't do the trick for you." msgstr "" "需要提醒一下，如果觉得 fips 不好用，还有许多其它的分区工具" "可供差遣。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1019 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning for DOS" msgstr "为 DOS 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1021 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are partitioning for DOS drives, or changing the size of DOS " "partitions, using &debian; tools, many people experience problems working " "with the resulting FAT partitions. For instance, some have reported slow " "performance, consistent problems with scandisk, or other " "weird errors in DOS or Windows." msgstr "" "如果您用 &debian; 的工具软件来为 DOS 硬盘分区，或者改动 DOS 分区的大小的话，" "请注意，有许多人在这样做了以后，在使用新分出来的或者大小被改变的 FAT 分区的过" "程中发现存在着各种各样的问题。举例来说，有些人回报说发现性能下降，有的人则在" "使用 scandisk 时发现有一致性(consistent)的问题，还有其它" "在 DOS 或 Windows 中发现的各种古怪的错误。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1029 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Apparently, whenever you create or resize a partition for DOS use, it's a " "good idea to fill the first few sectors with zeros. You should do this prior " "to running DOS's format command by executing the " "following command from &debian;:" msgstr "" "显然，当您为 DOS 新建分区或者改动分区大小时，最好把前面几个扇区全部清零。您应" "该在运行 DOS 的 format 命令之前，到 &debian; 系统中，执" "行：" #. Tag: screen #: preparing.xml:1036 #, no-c-format msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdXX bs=512 count=4" msgstr "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdXX bs=512 count=4" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1047 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning from SunOS" msgstr "在 SunOS 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1049 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's perfectly fine to partition from SunOS; in fact, if you intend to run " "both SunOS and &debian; on the same machine, it is recommended that you " "partition using SunOS prior to installing &debian;. The Linux kernel " "understands Sun disk labels, so there are no problems there. SILO supports " "booting Linux and SunOS from any of EXT2 (Linux), UFS (SunOS), romfs or " "iso9660 (CDROM) partitions." msgstr "" "从 SunOS 分区非常完美。事实上，如果您倾向在同一台计算机上使用 SunOS 和 " "&debian;，建议在安装 &debian; 之前使用 SunOS 进行分区。Linux 内核可以识别 " "Sun 的磁盘标签，因此不会有任何问题。SILO 支持从 EXT2 (Linux)、UFS (SunOS)、" "romfs 和 iso9660 (CDROM)分区启动 Linux 和 SunOS。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1061 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning from Linux or another OS" msgstr "从 Linux 或其他 OS 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1063 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whatever system you are using to partition, make sure you create a " "Sun disk label on your boot disk. This is the only kind of " "partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, and so it's the only " "scheme from which you can boot. In fdisk, the s key is used to create Sun disk labels. You only need to do this on " "drives that do not already have a Sun disk label. If you are using a drive " "that was previously formatted using a PC (or other architecture) you must " "create a new disk label, or problems with the disk geometry will most likely " "occur." msgstr "" "无论使用什么系统分区，您要确保在您的启动盘上创建Sun disk label" "标签。这是 OpenBoot PROM 能识别的唯一分区方案，也是您唯一可以启动的方案。在 " "fdisk 里面，s 键用于创建 Sun 磁盘标签。您" "只须在没有 Sun 磁盘标签的磁盘上执行这个操作。如果您使用了一个被 PC (或其他体" "系)格式化过的磁盘，您必须创建新的磁盘标签，不然会有磁盘排列问题出现。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1075 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will probably be using SILO as your boot loader (the " "small program which runs the operating system kernel). SILO has certain requirements for partition sizes and location; see " "." msgstr "" "您也许使用 SILO 作为您的 boot loader (运行操作系统内核的小" "程序)。SILO 对分区尺寸和位置有明确的要求，请参阅 。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1090 #, no-c-format msgid "MacOS/OSX Partitioning" msgstr "在 MacOS/OSX 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1092 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Apple Drive Setup application can be found in " "the Utilities folder on the MacOS CD. It will not " "adjust existing partitions; it is limited to partitioning the entire disk at " "once. The disk driver partitions don't show up in Drive Setup." msgstr "" "Apple Drive Setup 程序可以在 MacOS CD 的 " "Utilities 文件夹里面找到。它并不能调整已经存在的分区，而" "仅限于一次性完成整个磁盘的分区。硬盘分区并不会展现在 Drive " "Setup 中。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1099 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Remember to create a placeholder partition for GNU/Linux, preferably " "positioned first in the disk layout. it doesn't matter what type it is, it " "will be deleted and replaced later inside the &debian-gnu; installer." msgstr "" "记住要为 GNU/Linux 创建一个占位用的是分区，最好是磁盘布局中的第一个。它的类型" "无关紧要，在后面的 &debian-gnu; 安装程序中，它会被删除并替换。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1105 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are planning to install both MacOS 9 and OS X, it is best to create " "separate partitions for OS 9 and OS X. If they are installed on the same " "partition, Startup Disk (and reboot) must be used " "to select between the two; the choice between the two systems can't be made " "at boot time. With separate partitions, separate options for OS 9 and OS X " "will appear when holding the option key at boot time, and " "separate options can be installed in the yaboot " "boot menu as well. Also, Startup Disk will de-bless all other mountable " "partitions, which can affect GNU/Linux booting. Both OS 9 and OS X " "partitions will be accessible from either OS 9 or OS X." msgstr "" "如果您计划同时安装 MacOS 9 与 OS X，最好为 OS 9 和 OS X 创建不同的分区。如果" "将它们安装在同一分区，就必须使用 Startup Disk (并" "重启)来选择它们两个，而在启动时是无法对两个操作系统进行选择的。使用不同的分" "区，如果在启动时按住 option 键就可以显示出 OS 9 和 OS X 两个" "不同的选项，而且这些分开的选项也可以被安装到 yaboot 启动菜单里面。还有，Startup Disk 将无法保证其他可挂载的分区的可" "靠性，这可能会影响 GNU/Linux 启动。OS 9 和 OS X 分区从 OS 9 和 OS X 中都能访" "问。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1118 #, no-c-format msgid "" "GNU/Linux is unable to access information on UFS partitions, but does " "support HFS+ (aka MacOS Extended) partitions. OS X requires one of these two " "types for its boot partition. MacOS 9 can be installed on either HFS (aka " "MacOS Standard) or HFS+. To share information between the MacOS and GNU/" "Linux systems, an exchange partition is handy. HFS, HFS+ and MS-DOS FAT " "partitions are supported by both MacOS and Linux." msgstr "" "GNU/Linux 不能读取 UFS 分区，但支持 HFS+ (又称 MacOS Extended) 分区。OS X 要" "求使用这两个分区类型之一作为引导分区。MacOS 9 能安装到 HFS (又称 MacOS " "Standard) 或 HFS+ 上。建一个交换信息分区就可以很方便地在 MacOS 和 GNU/Linux " "系统间共享信息。HFS，HFS+ 和 MS-DOS FAT 分区都能被 MacOS 和 Linux 支持。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1138 #, no-c-format msgid "Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup" msgstr "安装前的硬件和操作系统的相关设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1139 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section will walk you through pre-installation hardware setup, if any, " "that you will need to do prior to installing &debian;. Generally, this " "involves checking and possibly changing firmware settings for your system. " "The firmware is the core software used by the hardware; it is " "most critically invoked during the bootstrap process (after power-up). Known " "hardware issues affecting the reliability of &debian-gnu; on your system are " "also highlighted." msgstr "" "在本节中，我们将讨论安装之前有关硬件设置的一些问题。如果这些问题的确存在的" "话，您就需要在安装 &debian; 前先做一些准备工作了。一般来说，准备工作包括：检" "查或者修改为您的系统中固件(firmware)的设定。所谓固件就是硬件运" "行所需的核心软件。它在系统引导过程(即开机之后)中起到了至关重要的作用。我们同" "时也会着重提出一些硬件问题，您系统上这些硬件问题在将会影响到 &debian-gnu; 的" "可靠性。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1161 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu" msgstr "BIOS 设置菜单的使用" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1163 #, no-c-format msgid "" "BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine to allow your " "operating system to access your hardware. Your system probably provides a " "BIOS setup menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. Before installing, you " "must ensure that your BIOS is set up correctly; not " "doing so can lead to intermittent crashes or an inability to install " "&debian;." msgstr "" "BIOS 为引导您的机器提供了基本的帮助，进而能让操作系统能访问您的硬件。您的系统" "应该会有 BIOS 的设置菜单，通过它，我们就能配置 BIOS。在进行安装前，您" "一定要确保 BIOS 的设置是正确无误的。否则，可能会导致经常" "性的系统崩溃或者根本无法安装 &debian;。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1172 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rest of this section is lifted from the , answering the question, How do I enter the CMOS configuration " "menu?. How you access the BIOS (or CMOS) " "configuration menu depends on who wrote your BIOS software:" msgstr "" "本节接下来的部分取自 中对如何" "进入 CMOS 设置菜单一问的回答。您怎样才能进入 BIOS(或CMOS) 设置菜单取决于 BIOS 软件的作者是谁：" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1186 #, no-c-format msgid "AMI BIOS" msgstr "AMI BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1187 #, no-c-format msgid "Delete key during the POST (power on self test)" msgstr "Delete 键，在 POST(power on self test) 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1195 #, no-c-format msgid "Award BIOS" msgstr "Award BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1196 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltEsc , or Delete key during the POST" msgstr "" " CtrlAltEsc ，或 Delete 键，在 POST 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1205 #, no-c-format msgid "DTK BIOS" msgstr "DTK BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1206 #, no-c-format msgid "Esc key during the POST" msgstr "Esc 键，在 POST 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1213 #, no-c-format msgid "IBM PS/2 BIOS" msgstr "IBM PS/2 BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1214 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltInsert " " after CtrlAltDelete " msgstr "" " CtrlAltInsert " " 在按下面的组合键之后 CtrlAltDelete " #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1228 #, no-c-format msgid "Phoenix BIOS" msgstr "Phoenix BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1229 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltEsc or CtrlAltS or F1" msgstr "" " CtrlAltEsc 或 CtrlAltS 或 F1" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1245 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Information on invoking other BIOS routines can be found in ." msgstr "" "若希望知道有关 BIOS 其它功能和设置的信息，您可以参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1250 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some &arch-title; machines don't have a CMOS configuration menu in the BIOS. " "They require a software CMOS setup program. If you don't have the " "Installation and/or Diagnostics diskette for your machine, you can try using " "a shareware/freeware program. Try looking in ." msgstr "" "有些 &arch-title; 架构的机器在 BIOS 中没有附带 CMOS 设置菜单。要对它们进行设" "置，就需要有相应的 CMOS 设置软件。如果没有与您机器对应的安装或者诊断盘片，那" "么不妨试一下共享软件或自由软件。请去以下网址找找看 。" # index.docbook:1522, index.docbook:1865 #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1261 preparing.xml:1579 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot Device Selection" msgstr "选择引导设备" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1263 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many BIOS setup menus allow you to select the devices that will be used to " "bootstrap the system. Set this to look for a bootable operating system on " "A: (the first floppy disk), then optionally the first " "CD-ROM device (possibly appearing as D: or E:" "), and then from C: (the first hard disk). " "This setting enables you to boot from either a floppy disk or a CD-ROM, " "which are the two most common boot devices used to install &debian;." msgstr "" "许多 BIOS 的设置菜单都能让您选择用来引导系统的设备。我们来设置一下，让它先在 " "A: (第一个软驱)中找寻可引导的操作系统，不行的话，再在第" "一个 CD-ROM 设备(有可能就是 D: 或 E:)中找，然后接着在 C:(第一块硬盘)找。照这样设定" "的话，就能让您从软盘或者 CD-ROM 引导。这是安装 &debian; 最常用的两个引导设" "备。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1274 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have a newer SCSI controller and you have a CD-ROM device attached to " "it, you are usually able to boot from the CD-ROM. All you have to do is " "enable booting from a CD-ROM in the SCSI-BIOS of your controller." msgstr "" "如果您有较新型号的 SCSI 控制器，而且您的 CD-ROM 是接在它上面的，那么很可能可" "以从这个 CD-ROM 引导。所要做的仅仅是在您的控制器的 SCSI-BIOS 的设置中允许从 " "CD-ROM 引导系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1281 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Another popular option is to boot from a USB storage device (also called a " "USB memory stick or USB key). Some BIOSes can boot directly from a USB " "storage device, but some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot " "from a Removable drive or even from USB-ZIP to " "get it to boot from the USB device." msgstr "" "另外一个常见的选项是从 USB 存储设备(也叫 USB 记忆棒或者 U 盘)引导。有些 BIOS " "支持从 USB 存储器直接引导，而有的 BIOS 不行。如果要从 USB 设备引导系统的话，" "您需要在 BIOS 设置中，让系统从 Removable drive 或者 " "USB-ZIP 引导。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1289 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here are some details about how to set the boot order. Remember to reset the " "boot order after &arch-kernel; is installed, so that you restart your " "machine from the hard drive." msgstr "" "下面讲述了有关如何设置启动顺序的一些细节。请记住，在安装完 &arch-kernel; 后，" "要恢复原来的启动顺序，这样，您就能像以前一样从硬盘启动了。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1298 #, no-c-format msgid "Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers" msgstr "修改 IDE 接口计算机的引导顺序" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1301 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the BIOS utility. Often, it " "is the Delete key. However, consult the hardware " "documentation for the exact keystrokes." msgstr "" "当您的计算机启动时，可以按下某些键进入 BIOS 的设置软件。一般来说，按 " "Delete 键就可以了。若要知道按键的确切信息，可以参考硬件的相" "关文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1308 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Find the boot sequence in the setup utility. Its location depends on your " "BIOS, but you are looking for a field that lists drives." msgstr "" "在 BIOS 设置软件中可以查看引导顺序。具体在 BIOS 的什么地方看，这和您的 BIOS " "有关。不管如何，您要找的是列有驱动器名的栏位。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1313 #, no-c-format msgid "Common entries on IDE machines are C, A, cdrom or A, C, cdrom." msgstr "对 IDE 机器而言，列表里常见的表项是 C、A、cdrom 或者 A、C、cdrom。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1318 #, no-c-format msgid "C is the hard drive, and A is the floppy drive." msgstr "C 就是硬盘，而 A 则是软驱。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1324 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Change the boot sequence setting so that the CD-ROM or the floppy is first. " "Usually, the Page Up or Page Down keys " "cycle through the possible choices." msgstr "" "修改启动顺序的设置，让 CD-ROM 或者软盘排在第一位。通常，用 Page Up 或者 Page Down 键能够循环地选中可能的选项。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1332 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to save the " "changes on your computer." msgstr "" "然后，保存您对设置的修改。屏幕上的提示会告诉您如何才能保存修改过的到计算机。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1342 #, no-c-format msgid "Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers" msgstr "修改 SCSI 接口计算机的引导顺序" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1346 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the SCSI setup utility." msgstr "当您的计算机启动时，可以按下某些键进入 SCSI 的设置软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1351 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can start the SCSI setup utility after the memory check and the message " "about how to start the BIOS utility displays when you start your computer." msgstr "" "计算机启动过程中，您可以在内存检测结束后，当屏幕出现如何进入 BIOS 设置程序的" "提示的时候，启动 SCSI 设置软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1357 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The keystrokes you need depend on the utility. Often, it is " "CtrlF2. However, " "consult your hardware documentation for the exact keystrokes." msgstr "" "您要按的键通常因设置软件而不同。一般来说，是按 CtrlF2。若要知道按键的确切信息，还是要参考硬件" "的相关文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1365 #, no-c-format msgid "Find the utility for changing the boot order." msgstr "找到用来修改引导顺序的工具软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1370 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Set the utility so that the SCSI ID of the CD drive is first on the list." msgstr "通过这个工具软件修改设置，让光盘驱动器的 SCSI ID 排在列表的首位。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1376 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to save the " "changes on your computer. Often, you must press F10." msgstr "" "然后，保存您对设置的修改。屏幕上的提示会告诉您如何才能保存您的配置。通常，您" "需要按下 F10。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1390 #, no-c-format msgid "Miscellaneous BIOS Settings" msgstr "BIOS 设置的其余项目" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1392 #, no-c-format msgid "CD-ROM Settings" msgstr "CD-ROM 的设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1393 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some BIOS systems (such as Award BIOS) allow you to automatically set the CD " "speed. You should avoid that, and instead set it to, say, the lowest speed. " "If you get seek failed error messages, this may be " "your problem." msgstr "" "有些 BIOS 系统(如 Award BIOS)允许让您能自动设置 CD 的读取速度。应当尽量不要那" "样设置，相反，应该把它设成最低速。要是您碰到了 seek failed 的错误提示，那么就有可能是您的设置问题了。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1403 #, no-c-format msgid "Extended vs. Expanded Memory" msgstr "扩展内存与扩充内存" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1404 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your system provides both extended and " "expanded memory, set it so that there is as much " "extended and as little expanded memory as possible. &arch-kernel; requires " "extended memory and cannot use expanded memory." msgstr "" "如果您的系统同时提供了扩展(extended)和扩充" "(expanded)内存，那么就把扩展内存设置得尽量大一些，而把扩充内存设置" "得尽量小。&arch-kernel; 需要使用扩展内存，但无法利用扩充内存。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1414 #, no-c-format msgid "Virus Protection" msgstr "病毒保护" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1415 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Disable any virus-warning features your BIOS may provide. If you have a " "virus-protection board or other special hardware, make sure it is disabled " "or physically removed while running GNU/&arch-kernel;. These aren't " "compatible with GNU/&arch-kernel;; moreover, due to the file system " "permissions and protected memory of the &arch-kernel; kernel, viruses are " "almost unheard of After installation you can enable Boot " "Sector protection if you want. This offers no additional security in &arch-" "kernel; but if you also run Windows it may prevent a catastrophe. There is " "no need to tamper with the Master Boot Record (MBR) after the boot manager " "has been set up. ." msgstr "" "禁用您的 BIOS 提供的所有病毒警告功能。如果您安装了防病毒卡或是其它特定的硬" "件，请在运行 GNU/&arch-kernel; 期间，把它禁用或者拆除。它们与 GNU/&arch-" "kernel; 是不兼容的。更进一步说，归功于文件系统的权限管理和 &arch-kernel; 内核" "的内存保护机制，病毒已然绝迹 在安装完成之后，如果您希望的话" "也可以重新开启启动扇区保护功能，这并不会为 &arch-kernel; 带来任何额外的安全保" "护，但如果您还运行着 Windows，它还是有可能帮助您避免一场灾难。在启动管理器安" "装并设置好之后，就不再需要更动主引导扇区(MBR)了。 。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1436 #, no-c-format msgid "Shadow RAM" msgstr "影像(shadow)内存" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1437 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Your motherboard may provide shadow RAM or BIOS " "caching. You may see settings for Video BIOS Shadow, " "C800-CBFF Shadow, etc. Disable all " "shadow RAM. Shadow RAM is used to accelerate access to the ROMs on your " "motherboard and on some of the controller cards. &arch-kernel; does not use " "these ROMs once it has booted because it provides its own faster 32-bit " "software in place of the 16-bit programs in the ROMs. Disabling the shadow " "RAM may make some of it available for programs to use as normal memory. " "Leaving the shadow RAM enabled may interfere with &arch-kernel; access to " "hardware devices." msgstr "" "您的主板或许会有影像内存(shadow RAM)或者 BIOS caching 的" "功能设置。您可能会发现Video BIOS Shadow、C800-CBFF " "Shadow等等的设置选项。禁用所有的内存映象。影像内" "存被用来提高对主板上或者某些控制卡上的 ROM 的访问速度。一旦 &arch-kernel; 启" "动之后，它就不会再使用这些 ROM。&arch-kernel; 弃之不用的原因是：&arch-" "kernel; 自己提供了更快的32位的软件来替代了 ROM 中的16位程序的功能。禁用影像内" "存就可以让程序能使用更多的常规内存。而继续开启影像内存则有可能妨碍 &arch-" "kernel; 存取硬件设备。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1454 #, no-c-format msgid "Memory Hole" msgstr "内存空洞" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1455 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your BIOS offers something like 15–16 MB Memory Hole, please disable that. &arch-kernel; expects to find memory there if " "you have that much RAM." msgstr "" "如果您的 BIOS 有类似15–16 MB Memory Hole的选项，请禁用" "它。如果您有那么多内存的话，&arch-kernel; 就会认为在那儿应该能找到内存块。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1461 #, no-c-format msgid "" "We have a report of an Intel Endeavor motherboard on which there is an " "option called LFB or Linear Frame Buffer. This " "had two settings: Disabled and 1 Megabyte. Set " "it to 1 Megabyte. When disabled, the installation floppy was " "not read correctly, and the system eventually crashed. At this writing we " "don't understand what's going on with this particular device — it just " "worked with that setting and not without it." msgstr "" "我们收到报告称，有一款 Intel 的主板，它的设置中有名为LFB或" "Linear Frame Buffer的选项。该选项有两个选择：Disabled和1 Megabyte。请把它设为1 Megabyte。如果" "禁用它，那么读取安装软盘时将会出错，而系统最后会崩溃。在撰写本文时，我们尚无" "法弄清这个设备出了什么问题 — 现在仅仅知道，如果这样设置，那么就一切正" "常，否则的话就不行。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1477 #, no-c-format msgid "Advanced Power Management" msgstr "高级电源管理" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1478 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your motherboard provides Advanced Power Management (APM), configure it " "so that power management is controlled by APM. Disable the doze, standby, " "suspend, nap, and sleep modes, and disable the hard disk's power-down timer. " "&arch-kernel; can take over control of these modes, and can do a better job " "of power-management than the BIOS." msgstr "" "倘若您的主板提供了高级电源管理(APM)的支持，请配置让 APM 来管理电源。请同时禁" "用 doze、standby、suspend、nap 和 sleep 模式，另外还要禁用硬盘的电源关闭定时" "器。&arch-kernel; 可以接管所有这些模式的控制权，而且能比 BIOS 的电源管理做得" "更好。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1496 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking OpenFirmware" msgstr "使用 OpenFireware" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1497 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is normally no need to set up the BIOS (called OpenFirmware) on &arch-" "title; systems. PReP and CHRP are equipped with OpenFirmware, but " "unfortunately, the means you use to invoke it vary from manufacturer to " "manufacturer. You'll have to consult the hardware documentation which came " "with your machine." msgstr "" "通常在 &arch-title; 系统上不需要去设置 BIOS(称为 OpenFirmware)。OpenFirmware " "常常配备 PReP 与 CHRP，但这也意味着依不同厂商而不同。您必须参阅计算机手册中相" "关的硬件文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1505 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On &arch-title; Macintoshes, you invoke OpenFirmware with " "Command (cloverleaf/Apple)Optionof while booting. " "Generally it will check for these keystrokes after the chime, but the exact " "timing varies from model to model. See for more hints." msgstr "" "在 &arch-title; 的 Macintoshe 机器上，您在启动时通过 " "Command (cloverleaf/Apple) Option o f 命令使用 " "OpenFirmware。一般情况下，它会按时钟顺序检验击键，但也会与不同的型号有关。参" "阅 了解更多提示。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1513 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The OpenFirmware prompt looks like this: \n" "ok\n" "0 >\n" " Note that on older model &arch-title; Macs, the " "default and sometimes hardwired I/O for OpenFirmware user interaction is " "through the serial (modem) port. If you invoke OpenFirmware on one of these " "machines, you will just see a black screen. In that case, a terminal program " "running on another computer, connected to the modem port, is needed to " "interact with OpenFirmware." msgstr "" "OpenFirmware 的提示看起来像： \n" "ok\n" "0 >\n" " 注意旧型号的 &arch-title; Mac 机器，OpenFirmware " "与用户交互所用的默认和 某些硬连线的 I/O 是通过串行(调制解调器)端口进行的。如" "果您在这样的机器上使用 OperFirmware，您只会看到黑屏。在这种情况下，需要用通过" "调制解调器端口连接到另外一台电脑上的终端程序来与 OpenFirmware 交互。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1526 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The OpenFirmware on OldWorld Beige G3 machines, OF versions 2.0f1 and 2.4, " "is broken. These machines will most likely not be able to boot from the hard " "drive unless the firmware is patched. A firmware patch is included in the " "System Disk 2.3.1 utility, available from Apple " "at . After unpacking the utility in MacOS, " "and launching it, select the Save button to have the " "firmware patches installed to nvram." msgstr "" "运行在 OldWorld Beige G3 机器上的 OF 版本 2.0f1 和 2.4 的 OpenFirmware 是坏" "的。这些机器如果没有打固件补丁，就不能够从硬盘启动。固件的补丁包含在 " "System Disk 2.3.1 工具包里面，它位于 Apple 的 " "。在 MacOS 上解包并运行，选择 " "Save 按钮使固件补丁安装到 nvram。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1546 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking OpenBoot" msgstr "使用 OpenBoot" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1548 #, no-c-format msgid "" "OpenBoot provides the basic functions needed to boot the &arch-title; " "architecture. This is rather similar in function to the BIOS in the x86 " "architecture, although much nicer. The Sun boot PROMs have a built-in forth " "interpreter which lets you do quite a number of things with your machine, " "such as diagnostics and simple scripts." msgstr "" "OpenBoot 提供了启动 &arch-title; 体系所需的基本功能。功能与 x86 体系的 BIOS " "非常接近，但做得更好一些。Sun 的启动 PROM 内置了 forth 解释器，可以让您对计算" "机做很多事情，如诊断和简单脚本。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1556 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To get to the boot prompt you need to hold down the Stop " "key (on older type 4 keyboards, use the L1 key, if you have " "a PC keyboard adapter, use the Break key) and press the " "A key. The boot PROM will give you a prompt, either " "ok or >. It is preferred to " "have the ok prompt. So if you get the old style " "prompt, hit the n key to get the new style prompt." msgstr "" "为了得到启动提示符，您需要按住 Stop 键(在老式的 type 4 键盘" "上，使用 L1 键，如果您有一个 PC 键盘适配器，使用 " "Break 健)并按下 A 键。启动 PROM 将给出提示" "符，可能是 ok 或者 >。优先使" "用 ok 提示符。如果您得到的是旧风格的提示符，按下 " "n 键得到新风格的提示符。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1568 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are using a serial console, send a break to the machine. With " "Minicom, use Ctrl-A F, with cu, hit Enter, " "then type %~break. Consult the documentation of your " "terminal emulator if you are using a different program." msgstr "" "如果您使用的是串口控制台，发送 break 到机器。在 Minicom 下，使用 " "Ctrl-A F，在 cu 下，按下 Enter，然后键入 " "%~break。如果您使用其他的程序，查看终端模拟器相关的文" "档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1581 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can use OpenBoot to boot from specific devices, and also to change your " "default boot device. However, you need to know some details about how " "OpenBoot names devices; it's considerably different from Linux device " "naming, described in . Also, the command " "will vary a bit, depending on what version of OpenBoot you have. More " "information about OpenBoot can be found in the Sun OpenBoot Reference." msgstr "" "您可以使用 OpenBoot 从指定设备启动，也可以能改变默认启动设备。但您需要了解 " "OpenBoot 如何命名设备的细节，它与 Linux 命名方法有很大差别，说明见 。另外，该命令会依 OpenBoot 的版本不同而略有区别。" "更多关于 OpenBoot 的信息请参考 Sun OpenBoot " "Reference。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1591 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Typically, with newer revisions, you can use OpenBoot devices such as " "floppy, cdrom, net, " "disk, or disk2. These have the obvious " "meanings; the net device is for booting from the network. " "Additionally, the device name can specify a particular partition of a disk, " "such as disk2:a to boot disk2, first partition. Full OpenBoot " "device names have the form: \n" "driver-name@\n" "unit-address:\n" "device-arguments\n" " In older revisions of OpenBoot, device naming is " "a bit different: the floppy device is called /fd, and SCSI " "disk devices are of the form sd(controller, disk-target-id, disk-" "lun). The command show-devs in " "newer OpenBoot revisions is useful for viewing the currently configured " "devices. For full information, whatever your revision, see the Sun OpenBoot Reference." msgstr "" "一般来说，在较新的修订版中，您可以使用 OpenBoot 设备，如floppy、cdrom、net、disk 或 " "disk2。这些含义很直观，net 即指设备是从网络启" "动。另外，设备名可以明确指定磁盘分区，如 disk2:a 是启动磁盘 " "disk2 的第一个分区。完整的 OpenBoot 设备命名形式为 " "\n" "driver-name@\n" "unit-address:\n" "device-arguments\n" "。在旧版的 OpenBoot 中，设备命名有些不同：软盘设备" "称为 /fd，SCSI 磁盘形式是 sd(controller, disk-target-id, disk-" "lun)。show-devs 命令在新版的 " "OpenBoot 中用于查看当前的配置设备。完整的信息，无论您使用什么版本，请参考 " "Sun OpenBoot Reference。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1614 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To boot from a specific device, use the command boot " "device. You can set this behavior as " "the default using the setenv command. However, the " "name of the variable to set changed between OpenBoot revisions. In OpenBoot " "1.x, use the command setenv boot-from device. In later revisions of OpenBoot, use the command " "setenv boot-device device. " "Note, this is also configurable using the eeprom command " "on Solaris, or modifying the appropriate files in /proc/openprom/" "options/, for example under Linux: \n" "# echo disk1:1 > /proc/openprom/options/boot-device\n" " and under Solaris:" msgstr "" "要从指定的设备启动，请使用 boot device 命令。您可以通过 setenv 命令" "将它设为默认方式。但变量的名称对不同版本有所改变。在 OpenBoot 1.x 中，请使用 " "setenv boot-from device 命" "令。在稍后的 OpenBoot 修订版本中，请使用 setenv boot-device " "device 命令。注意，它也可以通过使用 " "Solaris 上的 eeprom 命令或者修改 /proc/openprom/" "options/ 中相应的文件来进行配置，例如，Linux 下使用： " "\n" "# echo disk1:1 > /proc/openprom/options/boot-device\n" " 或在 Solaris下执行：" #. Tag: screen #: preparing.xml:1633 #, no-c-format msgid "eeprom boot-device=disk1:1" msgstr "eeprom boot-device=disk1:1" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1643 #, no-c-format msgid "BIOS Setup" msgstr "BIOS 设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1644 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to install &debian-gnu; on a &arch-title; or zSeries machine you " "have first boot a kernel into the system. The boot mechanism of this " "platform is inherently different to other ones, especially from PC-like " "systems: there are no floppy devices available at all. You will notice " "another big difference while you work with this platform: most (if not all) " "of the time you will work remote, with the help of some client session " "software like telnet, or a browser. This is due to that special system " "architecture where the 3215/3270 console is line-based instead of character-" "based." msgstr "" "为了安装 &debian-gnu; 到 &arch-title; 或者 zSeries 机器上，您首先要将内核引导" "进系统。在此平台上的启动机制与其他类型，特别是类 PC 的系统，有着本质上的不" "同：它根本就没有软盘驱动器。您还会注意到此平台上的另外一个显著差异：大多数(如" "果不是全部)的时间，您将借助于其他客户机上的 telnet 这样的软件或者一个浏览器，" "通过远程方式使用。这归因于该系统上的 3215/3270 控制台是线型，而不是字符型的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1656 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Linux on this platform runs either natively on the bare machine, in a so-" "called LPAR (Logical Partition) or in a virtual machine supplied by the VM " "system. You can use a boot tape on all of those systems; you may use some " "other boot media, too, but those may not be generally available. For " "example, you can use the virtual card reader of a virtual machine, or boot " "from the HMC (Hardware Management Console) of an LPAR if the HMC and this " "option is available for you." msgstr "" "Linux 在该平台上可以是本地化方式运行于裸机上，以所谓的 LPAR(Logical " "Partition) 方式或者 由 VM 系统提供的虚拟机方式。您可以在所有的系统上使用启动" "磁带；您也可以使用其他的介质，但它们并不一定都可用。例如，您可以在虚拟机上使" "用虚拟读卡器，或者在 HMC (Hardware Management Console) 可用的情况下，从 LPAR " "上的 HMC 启动。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1666 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you actually perform an installation, you have to go over some design " "and preparation steps. IBM has made documentation available about the whole " "process, e.g. how to prepare an installation medium and how actually to boot " "from that medium. Duplicating that information here is neither possible nor " "necessary. However, we will describe here which kind of &debian;-specific " "data is needed and where to find it. Using both sources of information, you " "have to prepare your machine and the installation medium before you can " "perform a boot from it. When you see the welcome message in your client " "session, return to this document to go through the &debian;-specific " "installation steps." msgstr "" "在实际安装之前，您必须仔细检查一些规划和准备步骤。IBM 有关于整个过程的文档，" "如，怎样准备安装介质和如何从该介质启动。这里毋需复制那些信息。但是，我们会在" "此说明需要哪些 &debian; 规格的数据，以及在哪里能找到它们。使用这些信息资源，" "在引导之前您必须准备好计算机和安装介质。当您在客户端会话中看到欢迎画面，再返" "回到本文档查看 &debian; 规格的安装步骤。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1683 #, no-c-format msgid "Native and LPAR installations" msgstr "本地化(Native)和 LPAR 安装" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1684 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please refer to chapter 5 of the Linux for &arch-title; Redbook " "and chapter 3.2 of the Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: " "Distributions Redbook on how to set up an LPAR for Linux." msgstr "" "请参考 Linux for &arch-title; Redbook 第 5 章和 Linux for IBM " "eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions Redbook 第 3.2 节有关" "如何为 Linux 建立 LPAR 的部分。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1698 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation as a VM guest" msgstr "作为一个 VM guest 安装" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1700 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please refer to chapter 6 of the Linux for &arch-title; Redbook " "and chapter 3.1 of the Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: " "Distributions Redbook on how to set up a VM guest for running Linux." msgstr "" "请参考 Linux for &arch-title; Redbook 第 6 章和 Linux for IBM " "eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions Redbook 第 3.1 节有关" "如何为运行 Linux 建立 VM guest 的部分。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1710 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "" #| "You need to copy all the files from the generic sub-" #| "directory to your CMS disk. Be sure to transfer kernel.debian and initrd.debian in binary mode with a " #| "fixed record length of 80 characters. parmfile.debian can be in either ASCII or EBCDIC format. A sample " #| "debian.exec script, which will punch the files in " #| "the proper order, is included with the images." msgid "" "You need to copy all the files from the generic sub-" "directory to your CMS disk. Be sure to transfer kernel.debian and initrd.debian in binary mode with a fixed " "record length of 80 characters (by specifying BINARY " "and LOCSITE FIX 80 in your FTP client). " "parmfile.debian can be in either ASCII or EBCDIC " "format. A sample debian.exec script, which will punch " "the files in the proper order, is included with the images." msgstr "" "您需要从 generic 子目录复制所有的文件到 CMS 磁盘。确保 " "kernel.debian 和 initrd.debian 是" "以 80 字符固定记录长度的二进制模式传输。parmfile.debian " "可以是 ASCII 或 EBCDIC 格式。有一个例子脚本 debian.exec，用来将文件按正确次序存放，也包含在映象里面。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1727 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up an installation server" msgstr "建立安装服务器" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1729 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you don't have a connection to the Internet (either directly or via a web " "proxy) you need to create a local installation server that can be accessed " "from your S/390. This server keeps all the packages you want to install and " "must make them available using NFS, HTTP or FTP." msgstr "" "如果您没有连接到互联网(直接或者间接通过 web 代理)，您需要创建一个您的 S/390 " "能访问的本地安装服务器。该服务器包含所有您需要安装的软件包，并可以通过 NFS，" "HTTP 或 FTP 访问。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1737 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installation server needs to copy the exact directory structure from any " "&debian-gnu; mirror, but only the s390 and architecture-independent files " "are required. You can also copy the contents of all installation CDs into " "such a directory tree." msgstr "" "安装服务器需要从任意 &debian-gnu; 镜像复制精确的目录结构，当然只需 s390 和一" "些独立于体系的文件。您也可以复制所有的安装 CD 到这样的目录树中。" #. Tag: emphasis #: preparing.xml:1746 #, no-c-format msgid "FIXME: more information needed — from a Redbook?" msgstr "FIXME: more information needed — from a Redbook?" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1753 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Issues to Watch Out For" msgstr "需要留心的硬件问题" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1756 #, no-c-format msgid "USB BIOS support and keyboards" msgstr "USB BIOS 支持与键盘" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1757 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have no AT-style keyboard and only a USB model, you may need to " "enable legacy AT keyboard emulation in your BIOS setup. Only do this if the " "installation system fails to use your keyboard in USB mode. Conversely, for " "some systems (especially laptops) you may need to disable legacy USB support " "if your keyboard does not respond. Consult your main board manual and look " "in the BIOS for Legacy keyboard emulation or USB " "keyboard support options." msgstr "" "倘若您没有 AT 键盘，只有一个 USB 的键盘的话，您需要在 BIOS 设置里开启老式 AT " "键盘模拟功能。这只在安装系统使用 USB 模式失败的情况下进行。反之，对其他系统" "(特别是便携机)也许您的键盘没有响应，这需要禁止老式 USB 支持。请查阅您的主板手" "册并查看 BIOS 中Legacy keyboard emulation或USB " "keyboard support选项。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1771 #, no-c-format msgid "Display-visibility on OldWorld Powermacs" msgstr "在 OldWorld Powermac 上正常显示" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1773 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some OldWorld Powermacs, most notably those with the control " "display driver, may not reliably produce a colormap under Linux when the " "display is configured for more than 256 colors. If you are experiencing such " "issues with your display after rebooting (you can sometimes see data on the " "monitor, but on other occasions cannot see anything) or, if the screen turns " "black after booting the installer instead of showing you the user interface, " "try changing your display settings under MacOS to use 256 colors instead of " "thousands or millions." msgstr "" "有些 OldWorld Powermac，大多数是带有 control 的显示驱动，在 " "Linux 下面如果设置超过 256 色，可能不能正常地产生 colormap。如果重新启动后您" "碰到这种问题(有时可以看到显示器上的数据，有时却什么都没有)，或者引导安装程序" "以后黑屏，而不是显示用户界面，请试着在 MacOS 下修改显示设置为 256 色，替代 " "thousands 或 millions。"