# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2001-02-09 01:25+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2005-11-25 21:06+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Ji YongGang\n" "Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Before Installing &debian;" msgstr "开始安装 &debian; 之前" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:6 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This chapter deals with the preparation for installing Debian before you " "even boot the installer. This includes backing up your data, gathering " "information about your hardware, and locating any necessary information." msgstr "" "本章用于处理在启动安装程序安装 Debian 之前的准备工作。这包括备份您的数据，搜" "集您硬件的信息，以及获取其他一些必要的信息。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:19 #, no-c-format msgid "Overview of the Installation Process" msgstr "安装概述" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:20 #, no-c-format msgid "" "First, just a note about re-installations. With Debian, a circumstance that " "will require a complete re-installation of your system is very rare; perhaps " "mechanical failure of the hard disk would be the most common case." msgstr "" "先说一下有关重新安装的事情。使用 Debian 时，极少出现必须进行完全重新 安装的情" "况，可能导致这种情况的大多是硬盘的物理故障。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:27 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to be " "performed when critical failures take place or for upgrades to new OS " "versions. Even if a completely new installation isn't required, often the " "programs you use must be re-installed to operate properly in the new OS." msgstr "" "许多常见的操作系统在遇到严重错误或者要升级到新的版本时，必须进行重新安装。就" "算不需要完全重新安装，您通常还得把您的各种程序在新的系统里也再重新安装一遍才" "行。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:35 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Under &debian;, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired rather " "than replaced if things go wrong. Upgrades never require a wholesale " "installation; you can always upgrade in-place. And the programs are almost " "always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version " "requires newer supporting software, the Debian packaging system ensures that " "all the necessary software is automatically identified and installed. The " "point is, much effort has been put into avoiding the need for re-" "installation, so think of it as your very last option. The installer is " "not designed to re-install over an existing system." msgstr "" "在 &debian; 里，如果操作系统遇到出错的情况，大多数的时候您都能把它修复而不用" "重新安装。在这里，升级不再需要进行大规模的安装操作，您可以就地升级它，而这些" "程序也总能和新版的操作系统和平共处。如果一个程序的新版本需要其他程序的更新的" "版本来支持它，Debian 软件包管理系统会自动帮您确定所有必须的软件并把它们安装" "上。关键是，Debian 为了避免重新安装而做了大量努力，所以您 尽可以不用去烦心这" "些问题了：我们的安装程序不是 设计用来重装您的旧系统的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:48 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here's a road map for the steps you will take during the installation " "process." msgstr "这是安装过程的每个步骤：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:56 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you plan to " "install." msgstr "把将要用来安装系统的硬盘上的所有数据或者文档都备份下来；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:62 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before " "starting the installation." msgstr "在开始整个安装过程之前，收集您的计算机的硬件信息和可能会用到的文档；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:68 #, no-c-format msgid "Create partition-able space for Debian on your hard disk." msgstr "在硬盘上为 Debian 留出可以用来创建分区的空间；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:73 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Locate and/or download the installer software and any specialized driver " "files your machine requires (except Debian CD users)." msgstr "" "如果您不是使用 Debian 安装光盘，请寻找和(或)下载安装程序软件，还有用于您电脑" "上的特殊硬件的驱动程序；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Set up boot tapes/floppies/USB sticks, or place boot files (most Debian CD " "users can boot from one of the CDs)." msgstr "" "设置从磁带、软盘、USB 盘，或者其它存有系统启动文件的设备上启动 (对于大多数 " "Debian 安装光盘的使用者来说，可以直接用这些光盘启动)；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:85 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot the installation system." msgstr "启动安装系统；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:90 #, no-c-format msgid "Select installation language." msgstr "选择要安装的语言；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:95 #, no-c-format msgid "Activate the ethernet network connection, if available." msgstr "如果可能，激活网络连接；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:101 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure one network interface." msgstr "配置一个网络接口；" # index.docbook:106, index.docbook:140 #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:106 preparing.xml:140 #, no-c-format msgid "Open a ssh connection to the new system." msgstr "开启新系统的 ssh 连接；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:111 #, no-c-format msgid "Attach one or more DASDs (Direct Access Storage Device)." msgstr "加上一个或多个直接存取设备(DASD)；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:117 #, no-c-format msgid "Create and mount the partitions on which Debian will be installed." msgstr "创建并挂载用来安装 Debian 的分区；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:122 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Watch the automatic download/install/setup of the base system." msgstr "等待自动下载、安装和设置 基本系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Install a boot loader which can start up &debian; and/" "or your existing system." msgstr "" "安装 启动引导器(boot loader) ，它负责启动 &debian; 和" "(或)已有的其他系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:134 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Load the newly installed system for the first time, and make some initial " "system settings." msgstr "第一次加载新安装的系统，做一些系统初始设定；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:145 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Install additional software (tasks and/or " "packages), at your discretion." msgstr "" "选择安装您要使用的其他的软件 (程序单元 和/或 " "软件包)；" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:153 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which " "packages are involved in which steps. Introducing the leading software " "actors in this installation drama:" msgstr "" "如果您在安装过程中遇到问题，下面的信息可以帮助您找到每个步骤里涉及到那些软件" "包。有关这场安装“戏剧”的“主角”的介绍：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:159 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer software, debian-installer, is the " "primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads appropriate " "drivers, uses dhcp-client to set up the network " "connection, and runs debootstrap to install the base " "system packages. Many more actors play smaller parts in this process, but " "debian-installer has completed its task when you load " "the new system for the first time." msgstr "" "安装软件，debian-installer，是本手册的关注焦点。她将探" "测硬件并挂载相应的驱动程序，还要指导 dhcp-client 去设" "置网络连接，还将运行 debootstrap 去安装基本系统的软件" "包。在这个过程中，还有许多其他程序扮演着各自的角色，而 debian-" "installer 将一直到您第一次启动新系统时才完成她的使命。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:169 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Upon loading the new base system, base-config " "supervises adding users, setting a time zone (via tzsetup), and setting up the package installation system (using " "apt-setup). It then launches tasksel which can be used to select large groups of related programs, and " "in turn can run aptitude which allows you to choose " "individual software packages." msgstr "" "在加载新装的基本系统时，base-config 指导您添加用户、设" "置时区(通过 tzsetup)，并进行软件包安装系统的配置(使用 " "apt-setup)。然后，它将启动 tasksel 程序来安装以相互关系分成的几个大组软件，或者 aptitude 程序来让您挑选单独的软件包。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:179 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When debian-installer finishes, before the first " "system load, you have only a very basic command line driven system. The " "graphical interface which displays windows on your monitor will not be " "installed unless you select it during the final steps, with either " "tasksel or aptitude. It's " "optional because many &debian; systems are servers which don't really have " "any need for a graphical user interface to do their job." msgstr "" "当 debian-installer 程序运行结束，系统首次加载之前，您" "只有一个非常简单的基于命令行的系统。除非您在最后一个步骤里用 " "tasksel 或 aptitude 选择安装了" "能在您的显示器上显示窗口的图形界面，否则它将不会被自动安装。因为许多 " "&debian; 系统是被用作服务器，它们的工作根本不需要任何图形化的用户界面，所以它" "在这里只是一个可选项。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:190 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Just be aware that the X system is completely separate from " "debian-installer, and in fact is much more " "complicated. Installation and trouble shooting of the X window installation " "is not within the scope of this manual." msgstr "" "要知道，X 系统是与 debian-installer 完全分开的，实际上" "它的使用要复杂得多。X 窗口安装系统的安装和问题解答不在本手册所关注的范围之" "内。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:206 #, no-c-format msgid "Back Up Your Existing Data!" msgstr "记得备份您的所有数据！" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:207 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your " "system. If this is the first time a non-native operating system has been " "installed on your computer, it's quite likely you will need to re-partition " "your disk to make room for &debian;. Anytime you partition your disk, you " "should count on losing everything on the disk, no matter what program you " "use to do it. The programs used in installation are quite reliable and most " "have seen years of use; but they are also quite powerful and a false move " "can cost you. Even after backing up be careful and think about your answers " "and actions. Two minutes of thinking can save hours of unnecessary work." msgstr "" "开始安装之前，请确定您已经把系统中所有数据都进行了备份。除了购买机器时预装的" "操作系统以外，如果这是您计算机上的第一个其他操作系统，很可能您得对硬盘进行重" "新分区，来给 Debian 腾出安装的空间。不管您用什么程序，分区都会使硬盘上的所有" "数据全部丢失。在我们的安装过程中使用的分区程序经过多年使用，被证明非常可靠，" "但它的功能也非常强大，您可能会为一次错误操作而付出代价。即使是已经备份过数" "据，您也要谨慎使用，最好在每次操作之前先认真考虑一下： 两分钟的思考可能会为您" "节省几个小时的不必要的恢复工作。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:220 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are creating a multi-boot system, make sure that you have the " "distribution media of any other present operating systems on hand. " "Especially if you repartition your boot drive, you might find that you have " "to reinstall your operating system's boot loader, or in many cases the whole " "operating system itself and all files on the affected partitions." msgstr "" "如果您是想把电脑做成多重引导的系统，请先确定您手头上有电脑里已经存在的这些操" "作系统的安装介质。特别是当您把启动盘重新分区以后，您可能会发现必须重新安装原" "有操作系统的启动引导程序，某些情况下，还得重新安装该操作系统并恢复受影响分区" "上的文件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:231 #, no-c-format msgid "" "With the exception of the BVM and Motorola VMEbus computers, the only " "supported installation method for m68k systems is booting from a local disk " "or floppy using an AmigaOS/TOS/MacOS-based bootstrap, for these machines you " "will need the original operating system in order to boot Linux. In order to " "boot Linux on the BVM and Motorola VMEbus machines you will need the " "BVMBug or 16xBug boot ROMs." msgstr "" "除了 BVM 和摩托罗拉 VMEbus 系列的计算机外，m68k 系统的计算机唯一支持的安装方" "式就是用 AmigaOS、TOS 或 MacOS 的引导程序从本地的硬盘或软盘上启动。所以，对于" "这种类型的计算机，您必须要有原来的操作系统用来启动 Linux。而为了在 BVM 和摩托" "罗拉 VMEbus 系列的计算机上启动 Linux，BVMBug或16xBug引导存储器是必须的。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:249 #, no-c-format msgid "Information You Will Need" msgstr "一些有用的信息" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:252 #, no-c-format msgid "Documentation" msgstr "文档" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:255 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation Manual" msgstr "安装手册" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:257 #, no-c-format msgid "This document you are now reading, in plain ASCII, HTML or PDF format." msgstr "您正在阅读的文档，是纯文本、HTML 或者 PDF 格式。" #. Tag: itemizedlist #: preparing.xml:263 #, no-c-format msgid "&list-install-manual-files;" msgstr "&list-install-manual-files;" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:269 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The document you are now reading, which is the official version of the " "Installation Guide for the &releasename; release of Debian; available in " "various formats and " "translations." msgstr "您正在阅读的文档，是 Debian &releasename; 发行版安装指南的正式版本; 还有各种文件格式和不同语种的翻译。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:278 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The document you are now reading, which is a development version of the " "Installation Guide for the next release of Debian; available in various formats and translations." msgstr "您正在阅读的文档，是 Debian 下一个发行版安装指南的开发版本; 还有 各种文件格式和不同语种的翻译。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:290 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware documentation" msgstr "硬件文档" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:291 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Often contains useful information on configuring or using your hardware." msgstr "通常包含设置和使用您硬件的有用信息。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:302 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO" msgstr "Linux 硬件兼容性指南" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:308 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux/m68k FAQ" msgstr "Linux/m68k FAQ" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:314 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux/Alpha FAQ" msgstr "Linux/Alpha FAQ" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:320 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ" msgstr "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:326 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux/Mips website" msgstr "Linux/Mips website" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:335 #, no-c-format msgid "&arch-title; Hardware References" msgstr "&arch-title; Hardware References" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:336 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installation instructions and device drivers (DASD, XPRAM, Console, tape, " "z90 crypto, chandev, network) for Linux on &arch-title; using kernel 2.4" msgstr "" "在 &arch-title; 上 Linux 2.4 版内核的安装指引和设备驱动程序 (DASD, XPRAM, " "Console, tape, z90 crypto, chandev, network)" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:348 #, no-c-format msgid "Device Drivers and Installation Commands" msgstr "设备驱动程序与安装命令" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:353 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IBM Redbook describing how Linux can be combined with z/VM on zSeries and " "&arch-title; hardware." msgstr "" "IBM Redbook 讲述了如何将 Linux 与 zSeries 的 z/VM 和 &arch-title; 硬件组合。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:363 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for &arch-title;" msgstr "用于 &arch-title; 的 Linux" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:369 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IBM Redbook describing the Linux distributions available for the mainframe. " "It has no chapter about Debian but the basic installation concepts are the " "same across all &arch-title; distributions." msgstr "" "IBM Redbook 介绍了可用于 mainframe 的 Linux 发行版。其中没有关于 Debian 的章" "节，但对于所有的 &arch-title; 发行版，基本的安装概念是相同的。" #. Tag: ulink #: preparing.xml:380 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions" msgstr "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:390 #, no-c-format msgid "Finding Sources of Hardware Information" msgstr "提供硬件信息的资源" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:391 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In many cases, the installer will be able to automatically detect your " "hardware. But to be prepared, we do recommend familiarizing yourself with " "your hardware before the install." msgstr "" "许多情况下，安装程序能自动检测您的硬件。但作为预备，我们建议您还是在安装之前" "熟悉一下您的硬件比较好。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:397 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware information can be gathered from:" msgstr "获取硬件信息的途径有：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:404 #, no-c-format msgid "The manuals that come with each piece of hardware." msgstr "每个硬件附带的手册。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:409 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The BIOS setup screens of your computer. You can view these screens when you " "start your computer by pressing a combination of keys. Check your manual for " "the combination. Often, it is the Delete key." msgstr "" "您计算机的 BIOS 配置画面。在计算机启动时，您可以通过按组合健查看这些画面。请" "从您的手册确认组合健。通常，它是 Delete 健。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:416 #, no-c-format msgid "The cases and boxes for each piece of hardware." msgstr "每个硬件的包装盒。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:422 #, no-c-format msgid "The System window in the Windows Control Panel." msgstr "Windows 控制面板里面的系统窗口。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:428 #, no-c-format msgid "" "System commands or tools in another operating system, including file manager " "displays. This source is especially useful for information about RAM and " "hard drive memory." msgstr "" "其他操作系统里面的系统命令或工具，包括文件管理器的显示。该资源对了解 RAM 和硬" "盘特别有用。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:435 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Your system administrator or Internet Service Provider. These sources can " "tell you the settings you need to set up your networking and e-mail." msgstr "" "您的系统管理员或者互联网服务提供商。他们可以告诉您所需的网络和 e-mail 配置信" "息。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:447 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Information Needed for an Install" msgstr "安装所需的硬件信息" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:451 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware" msgstr "硬件" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:451 #, no-c-format msgid "Information You Might Need" msgstr "您需要了解的信息" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:457 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Drives" msgstr "硬盘" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:458 #, no-c-format msgid "How many you have." msgstr "拥有的容量" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:460 #, no-c-format msgid "Their order on the system." msgstr "它们在系统上的次序" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:462 #, no-c-format msgid "Whether IDE or SCSI (most computers are IDE)." msgstr "是 IDE 还是 SCSI(大多数计算机上是 IDE)" # index.docbook:445, index.docbook:497 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:464 preparing.xml:516 #, no-c-format msgid "Available free space." msgstr "可用空间" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:465 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitions." msgstr "分区。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:467 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitions where other operating systems are installed." msgstr "安装有其他操作系统的分区。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:471 #, no-c-format msgid "Monitor" msgstr "显示器" # index.docbook:453, index.docbook:473, index.docbook:479, index.docbook:485 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:472 preparing.xml:492 preparing.xml:498 preparing.xml:504 #, no-c-format msgid "Model and manufacturer." msgstr "型号与制造商。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:474 #, no-c-format msgid "Resolutions supported." msgstr "支持的分辨率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:475 #, no-c-format msgid "Horizontal refresh rate." msgstr "水平扫描频率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:476 #, no-c-format msgid "Vertical refresh rate." msgstr "垂直扫描频率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:478 #, no-c-format msgid "Color depth (number of colors) supported." msgstr "支持的颜色深度(颜色数)" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:480 #, no-c-format msgid "Screen size." msgstr "屏幕尺寸。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:483 #, no-c-format msgid "Mouse" msgstr "鼠标" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:484 #, no-c-format msgid "Type: serial, PS/2, or USB." msgstr "类型：串口、PS/2 或 USB。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:486 #, no-c-format msgid "Port." msgstr "端口。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:487 #, no-c-format msgid "Manufacturer." msgstr "制造商。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:488 #, no-c-format msgid "Number of buttons." msgstr "按键数。" # index.docbook:472, index.docbook:500 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:491 preparing.xml:519 #, no-c-format msgid "Network" msgstr "网络" # index.docbook:475, index.docbook:501 #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:494 preparing.xml:520 #, no-c-format msgid "Type of adapter." msgstr "适配器类型。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:497 #, no-c-format msgid "Printer" msgstr "打印机" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:500 #, no-c-format msgid "Printing resolutions supported." msgstr "支持的打印分辨率。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:503 #, no-c-format msgid "Video Card" msgstr "视频卡" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:506 #, no-c-format msgid "Video RAM available." msgstr "可用显存" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:508 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Resolutions and color depths supported (these should be checked against your " "monitor's capabilities)." msgstr "支持的分辨率和颜色数(还需检验您显示器的能力)。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:513 #, no-c-format msgid "DASD" msgstr "DASD" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:514 #, no-c-format msgid "Device number(s)." msgstr "设备数。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:522 #, no-c-format msgid "Device numbers." msgstr "设备数。" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:523 #, no-c-format msgid "Relative adapter number for OSA cards." msgstr "OSA 卡的相对适配器号。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:531 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Compatibility" msgstr "硬件兼容性" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:533 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many brand name products work without trouble on Linux. Moreover, hardware " "for Linux is improving daily. However, Linux still does not run as many " "different types of hardware as some operating systems." msgstr "" "多数品牌的产品在 Linux 上运行不会遇到麻烦。而且，对 Linux 的硬件支持每天都在" "改善。然而，Linux 仍然不能像某些操作系统那样可以在各种不同的硬件上运行。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:539 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In particular, Linux usually cannot run hardware that requires a running " "version of Windows to work." msgstr "特别是，Linux 通常不能驱动那些需要某些版本 Windows 才运行的硬件上。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:544 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although some Windows-specific hardware can be made to run on Linux, doing " "so usually requires extra effort. In addition, Linux drivers for Windows-" "specific hardware are usually specific to one Linux kernel. Therefore, they " "can quickly become obsolete." msgstr "" "虽然可以让某些 Windows 规格的硬件运行在 Linux 上，但这通常需要额外的工作。另" "外，对应 Windows 规格硬件的 Linux 驱动程序常指定在某一特定版本的 Linux 内核" "上。因此，它们很快就会被废弃。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:551 #, no-c-format msgid "" "So called win-modems are the most common type of this hardware. However, " "printers and other equipment may also be Windows-specific." msgstr "" "被称为 win-modem 的设备是这类硬件的典型。但打印机和其他设备也有是 Windows 规" "格的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:556 #, no-c-format msgid "You can check hardware compatibility by:" msgstr "您可以通过以下方式检验硬件兼容性：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:561 #, no-c-format msgid "Checking manufacturers' web sites for new drivers." msgstr "检查制造商的网站来得到新的驱动程序。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:566 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Looking at web sites or manuals for information about emulation. Lesser " "known brands can sometimes use the drivers or settings for better-known ones." msgstr "" "查看关于仿真信息的网站或者手册。不常见的品牌有时可以使用常见品牌设备的驱动程" "序或者设置。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:573 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Checking hardware compatibility lists for Linux on web sites dedicated to " "your architecture." msgstr "检查您计算机体系的 Linux 兼容性列表网站。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:579 #, no-c-format msgid "Searching the Internet for other users' experiences." msgstr "搜索互联网查找其他用户的经验。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:590 #, no-c-format msgid "Network Settings" msgstr "网络设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:592 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your computer is connected to a network 24 hours a day (i.e., an Ethernet " "or equivalent connection — not a PPP connection), you should ask your " "network's system administrator for this information." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机一天 24 小时都连在网上(即，以太网或等价的连接 — 而不是拨" "号连接)，您需要向您的网络系统管理员咨询这项信息。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:599 #, no-c-format msgid "Your host name (you may be able to decide this on your own)." msgstr "您的主机名(您也许可以自己决定)。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:604 #, no-c-format msgid "Your domain name." msgstr "您的域名。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:609 #, no-c-format msgid "Your computer's IP address." msgstr "您的计算机 IP 地址。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:614 #, no-c-format msgid "The netmask to use with your network." msgstr "您网络的网络掩码。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:619 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway system you should route to, if your " "network has a gateway." msgstr "" "路由经过的默认网关的 IP 地址，如果您的网络 有 网关的话。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:625 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The system on your network that you should use as a DNS (Domain Name " "Service) server." msgstr "您的网络中作为 DNS(域名服务) 服务器的系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:633 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On the other hand, if your administrator tells you that a DHCP server is " "available and is recommended, then you don't need this information because " "the DHCP server will provide it directly to your computer during the " "installation process." msgstr "" "另一方面，如果您的系统管理员告诉您有 DHCP 服务器可用，并且推荐使用，那么您不" "需了解这项信息，因为 DHCP 服务器会在安装过程中直接提供。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:640 #, no-c-format msgid "If you use a wireless network, you should also find out:" msgstr "如果您有一个无线网络，您应该找出：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:645 #, no-c-format msgid "ESSID of your wireless network." msgstr "您的无线网络的 ESSID。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:650 #, no-c-format msgid "WEP security key (if applicable)." msgstr "WEP 安全 key(如果可用)。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:667 #, no-c-format msgid "Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "满足最低的硬件要求" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:668 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you have gathered information about your computer's hardware, check " "that your hardware will let you do the type of installation that you want to " "do." msgstr "" "一旦您收集好您的计算机上硬件配置的相关信息，再复查一下您的硬件，就可以让您如" "愿以偿，安装上系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:674 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on your needs, you might manage with less than some of the " "recommended hardware listed in the table below. However, most users risk " "being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions." msgstr "" "基于您的需求，您也许可以用低于下面表格所列的配置装上系统。但是，如果无视这些" "建议的话，多数用户会安装失败。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:680 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Pentium 100 is the minimum recommended for desktop systems, and a Pentium " "II-300 for a Server." msgstr "" "奔腾 100 是桌面系统的最低推荐配置，而 奔腾 II-300 则是服务器要求的最低推荐配" "置。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:685 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A 68030 or better processor is recommended for m68k installs. You may get by " "with a little less drive space than shown." msgstr "" "在 m68k 机器上安装，推荐使用 68030 或更快的处理器。您可能用比推荐稍小的硬盘空" "间就能完成安装。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:690 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any OldWorld or NewWorld PowerPC can serve well as a Desktop System. For " "servers, a minimum 132-Mhz machine is recommended." msgstr "" "任何一台 OldWorld 或 NewWorld PowerPC 都可以用作一个不错的桌面系统。要是作服" "务器的话，建议至少要 132 Mhz 的机器才行。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:699 #, no-c-format msgid "Recommended Minimum System Requirements" msgstr "推荐的最低系统配置" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:703 #, no-c-format msgid "Install Type" msgstr "安装类别" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:703 #, no-c-format msgid "RAM" msgstr "内存" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:703 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Drive" msgstr "硬盘" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:709 #, no-c-format msgid "No desktop" msgstr "无桌面的系统" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:710 #, no-c-format msgid "24 megabytes" msgstr "24 M" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:711 #, no-c-format msgid "450 megabytes" msgstr "450 M" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:713 #, no-c-format msgid "With Desktop" msgstr "桌面系统" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:714 #, no-c-format msgid "64 megabytes" msgstr "64 M" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:715 #, no-c-format msgid "1 gigabyte" msgstr "1 G" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:717 #, no-c-format msgid "Server" msgstr "服务器" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:718 #, no-c-format msgid "128 megabytes" msgstr "128 M" #. Tag: entry #: preparing.xml:719 #, no-c-format msgid "4 gigabytes" msgstr "4 G" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:724 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is a sampling of some common Debian system configurations. You can also " "get an idea of the disk space used by related groups of programs by " "referring to ." msgstr "" "这里有些常规 Debian 系统配置的样本。要了解各类软件需要占多大的硬盘空间，请参" "考。" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:734 #, no-c-format msgid "Standard Server" msgstr "常规服务器" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:735 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is a small server profile, useful for a stripped down server which does " "not have a lot of niceties for shell users. It includes an FTP server, a web " "server, DNS, NIS, and POP. For these 100MB of disk space would suffice, and " "then you would need to add space for any data you serve up." msgstr "" "这里有一台小型服务器范例，它适用于精简型服务器，即没有为 shell 的用户安装过多" "合用称手的软件。这类服务器 安装有：一个 FTP 服务、一个 web 服务、DNS、NIS 以" "及 POP 服务。这些服务总共需要用掉 100MB 的磁盘空间，您还需要另外算上服务所需" "的 数据占用的空间。" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:747 #, no-c-format msgid "Desktop" msgstr "桌面" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:748 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A standard desktop box, including the X window system, full desktop " "environments, sound, editors, etc. You'll need about 2GB using the standard " "desktop task, though it can be done in far less." msgstr "" "标准的桌面用机安装有 X 窗口系统、完整的桌面环境、音频软件、编辑器等。这些软件" "包将总共需要约 2G 空间，尽管也可以不用这么多。" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:758 #, no-c-format msgid "Work Console" msgstr "工作控制台" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:759 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A more stripped-down user machine, without the X window system or X " "applications. Possibly suitable for a laptop or mobile computer. The size is " "around 140MB." msgstr "" "这是被高度精简的用户机器，它没有安装 X 窗口系统或者 X 软件。可能适用于笔记本" "电脑或者手持计算机。其所需空间约为 140MB。" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:769 #, no-c-format msgid "Developer" msgstr "开发人员" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:770 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A desktop setup with all the development packages, such as Perl, C, C++, " "etc. Size is around 475MB. Assuming you are adding X11 and some additional " "packages for other uses, you should plan around 800MB for this type of " "machine." msgstr "" "这是包括所有开发软件包的桌面设置，例如 Perl、C、C++ 等。其所需空间约为 " "475MB。若是您为了其它用途，而另行安装了 X11 和其它的软件包，那么您需要为这类" "机器规划出约 800MB 空间。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:780 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Remember that these sizes don't include all the other materials which are " "usually to be found, such as user files, mail, and data. It is always best " "to be generous when considering the space for your own files and data. " "Notably, the /var partition contains a lot of state " "information specific to Debian in addition to its regular contents like " "logfiles. The dpkg files (with information on all " "installed packages) can easily consume 20MB. Also, apt-get puts downloaded packages here before they are installed. You should " "usually allocate at least 100MB for /var." msgstr "" "要提醒您的是上面说的空间大小并没有把其它任何资料数据包含在内。这通常包含用户" "的文件、信件或者用户的数据。一般来说，最好在为您自己的文件和数据分配空间时，" "规划得宽裕一些。尤其是 /var 分区里装有许多 Debian 的特定" "状态信息和类似日志文件这样普通内容。dpkg所用的文件(含有所" "有已安装软件包的信息)很容易就会消耗掉 20MB。另外，apt-get " "会在安装前将下载的软件包放在这里。您应当最少分配 100MB 的空间给 /" "var。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:804 #, no-c-format msgid "Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems" msgstr "为多重启动系统事先分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:805 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Partitioning your disk simply refers to the act of breaking up your disk " "into sections. Each section is then independent of the others. It's roughly " "equivalent to putting up walls inside a house; if you add furniture to one " "room it doesn't affect any other room." msgstr "" "为您的硬盘分区仅仅指的是将您的硬盘空间切分成几块。分区之后，每一块都是独立于" "其余部分的单独空间。这和在一个大房子里砌几堵墙有几分相似，如果您在其中一间房" "间里安置家具，那么这不会对其它房间有任何影响。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:812 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whenever this section talks about disks you should translate " "this into a DASD or VM minidisk in the &arch-title; world. Also a machine " "means an LPAR or VM guest in this case." msgstr "" "本节中所有提到硬盘的地方，您应当把它理解为 &arch-title; 世界中" "的 DASD 或者 VM minidisk。同时，在这里，一台机器意指的是 LPAR 或者客户虚拟" "机。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:818 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you already have an operating system on your system (Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000/XP, OS/2, MacOS, Solaris, FreeBSD, " "…) (Tru64 (Digital UNIX), OpenVMS, " "Windows NT, FreeBSD, …) (VM, z/OS, " "OS/390, …) (Amiga OS, Atari TOS, Mac " "OS, …) and want to stick Linux on the same disk, you will " "need to repartition the disk. Debian requires its own hard disk partitions. " "It cannot be installed on Windows or MacOS partitions. It may be able to " "share some partitions with other Linux systems, but that's not covered here. " "At the very least you will need a dedicated partition for the Debian root." msgstr "" "如果您已经在您的机器中安装有操作系统 (Windows 9x, " "Windows NT/2000/XP, OS/2, MacOS, Solaris, FreeBSD, …) " " (Tru64 (Digital UNIX), OpenVMS, Windows NT, FreeBSD, " "…) (VM, z/OS, OS/390, …) (Amiga OS, Atari TOS, Mac OS, …) 同时也希望把 Linux 装在同一块硬盘上，那么您就必须重新对硬盘分区。" "Debian 需要它自己专用 的硬盘分区。它不能被安装在 Windows 或者 MacOS 的分区" "上。它可以与其它 Linux 系统共享 一些分区，但是我们在这里不会对此进行说明。最" "起码，您要为 Debian 的根目录准备一个专用的 分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:845 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can find information about your current partition setup by using a " "partitioning tool for your current operating system, " "such as fdisk or PartitionMagic, such as " "Drive Setup, HD Toolkit, or MacTools, such as " "HD SC Setup, HDToolBox, or SCSITool, such as " "the VM diskmap. Partitioning tools always provide a way to show " "existing partitions without making changes." msgstr "" "您可以通过当前的操作系统中的分区工具软件来获知您现在的分区状况，如 fdisk 和 PartitionMagic，如 " "Drive Setup、HD Toolkit 和 MacTools，如 HD SC " "Setup、HDToolBox 和 SCSITool，如 VM diskmap分区工具软件总会提供一种办法让您查看现有的分区情况，而不作任何改动。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:855 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In general, changing a partition with a file system already on it will " "destroy any information there. Thus you should always make backups before " "doing any repartitioning. Using the analogy of the house, you would probably " "want to move all the furniture out of the way before moving a wall or you " "risk destroying it." msgstr "" "通常情况下，改动一个已经建立文件系统的分区，会导致其中的数据信息遭到损毁。因" "而，您应当在重新分区之前总是先做一下备份。继续拿房子作比喻，在移动墙壁时，您" "最好在把挡路的家具都移开，否则就要冒家具被毁坏的危险。" #. Tag: emphasis #: preparing.xml:865 #, no-c-format msgid "FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?" msgstr "FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:867 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your computer has more than one hard disk, you may want to dedicate one " "of the hard disks completely to Debian. If so, you don't need to partition " "that disk before booting the installation system; the installer's included " "partitioning program can handle the job nicely." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机配有不只一块硬盘，您或许可以考虑把其中一块硬盘专门分配给 " "Debian 使用。这样的话，您就不用在启动安装系统前再对那块硬盘进行分区了，安装程" "序自带的分区程序会 漂亮地完成这个任务。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:874 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine has only one hard disk, and you would like to completely " "replace the current operating system with &debian;, you also can wait to " "partition as part of the installation process (), " "after you have booted the installation system. However this only works if " "you plan to boot the installer system from tapes, CD-ROM or files on a " "connected machine. Consider: if you boot from files placed on the hard disk, " "and then partition that same hard disk within the installation system, thus " "erasing the boot files, you'd better hope the installation is successful the " "first time around. At the least in this case, you should have some alternate " "means of reviving your machine like the original system's installation tapes " "or CDs." msgstr "" "若是您的机器只有一块硬盘，而且您愿意把原来的操作系统全盘替换成 &debian;，那么" "您可以在启动安装系统后，待到安装时再进行分区()。但" "是，只有当您使用存储于磁带、CD-ROM 或者联网的机器上的安装系统，并从它们启动安" "装程序时，上面的话才适用于您的情形。试想一下：假如您用放在硬盘上的文件启动，" "再在安装系统中对同一块 硬盘进行分区，这就会擦除那些启动文件，这时恐怕您只能祈" "求上苍保佑第一次就安装成功吧。在这种 情况下，若要让您的机器恢复正常，至少您还" "可以有几个办法可选，比如原先系统的安装磁带或 CD。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:889 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine already has multiple partitions, and enough space can be " "provided by deleting and replacing one or more of them, then you too can " "wait and use the Debian installer's partitioning program. You should still " "read through the material below, because there may be special circumstances " "like the order of the existing partitions within the partition map, that " "force you to partition before installing anyway." msgstr "" "倘若您的机器已经有多个分区，并且通过删除或替换它们中的一个或多个就能为 安装提" "供足够的空间，那么您一样也可以把分区操作延后，到安装时再使用 Debian 安装程序" "自带的分区工具。不过，您还是应当继续读完下面的文档，因为可能会存在一些特殊的" "情形。比如，分区表中现有分区的顺序问题，这也许会令您不得不在安装前先分好区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:899 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine has a FAT or NTFS filesystem, as used by DOS and Windows, " "you can wait and use Debian installer's partitioning program to resize the " "filesystem." msgstr "" "如果您的计算机上有 FAT 或 NTFS 文件系统，它被 DOS 和 Windows 使用，您可以等到" "用 Debian 安装程序中的分区工具来重新调整文件系统的大小。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:905 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If none of the above apply, you'll need to partition your hard disk before " "starting the installation to create partition-able space for Debian. If some " "of the partitions will be owned by other operating systems, you should " "create those partitions using native operating system partitioning programs. " "We recommend that you do not attempt to create " "partitions for &debian; using another operating system's tools. Instead, you " "should just create the native operating system's partitions you will want to " "retain." msgstr "" "如果您的情况不属于上面任何一种，那么您需要在开始安装之前，事先为 Debian 腾出" "可用于 分区的空间。要是有分区是为其它操作系统准备的，您最好用该操作系统自己的" "分区软件来新建 这些分区。我们建议您 不要 用其它操作系统" "里的工具为 Debian 创建 Linux 分区。也就是说，您应当仅仅创建要保留的操作系统自" "身的分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:917 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are going to install more than one operating system on the same " "machine, you should install all other system(s) before proceeding with Linux " "installation. Windows and other OS installations may destroy your ability to " "start Linux, or encourage you to reformat non-native partitions." msgstr "" "倘若您打算在同一台机器上安装多个操作系统的话，您应当在安装 Linux 之前，先把所" "有其它 系统都装好。Windows 和其它操作系统的安装过程可能会让您无法启动 Linux，" "也可能会怂恿您重新格式化不属于它们自己的分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:925 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can recover from these actions or avoid them, but installing the native " "system first saves you trouble." msgstr "" "尽管您可以在这些操作之后再恢复回来，也可以避免它们，但是首先安装原有的系统就" "能够 帮您免除这些烦恼。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:930 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian; the Linux " "partitions should appear before all other partitions on the disk, especially " "MacOS boot partitions. This should be kept in mind when pre-partitioning; " "you should create a Linux placeholder partition to come before the other bootable partitions on the disk. (The small partitions " "dedicated to Apple disk drivers are not bootable.) You can delete the " "placeholder with the Linux partition tools later during the actual install, " "and replace it with Linux partitions." msgstr "" "为了能让 OpemFirmware 自动启动 &debian; Linux 分区必须被安置在其它分区之前，" "特别是 MacOS 的启动分区。在事先分区时，这一点您必须牢记在心。即，您必须在其" "它 可引导分区 之前 为 Linux 预留一个分区。(专门留给 " "Apple 的硬盘驱动程序的那些小分区并不是可引导的。) 您可以在真正安装时，用 " "Linux 的分区工具来删除当初预留的分区，再用 Linux 的分区取而代之。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:942 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you currently have one hard disk with one partition (a common setup for " "desktop computers), and you want to multi-boot the native operating system " "and Debian, you will need to:" msgstr "" "如果您现在有一块硬盘，这块硬盘上仅有一个分区(这是桌面电脑的通常设置)，同时您" "希望 能多重启动原有的操作系统和 Debian，那么您就需要：" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:949 #, no-c-format msgid "Back up everything on the computer." msgstr "备份计算机里所有的数据。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:954 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot from the native operating system installer media such as CD-ROM or " "tapes. When booting from a MacOS CD, hold the " "c key while booting to force the CD to become the active " "MacOS system." msgstr "" "从原有操作系统的安装介质(如 CD-ROM 和 磁带)启动。当" "从 MacOS CD 启动时，按住 c 键不放，这样就能启用 CD 作为当前" "的 MacOS 系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:964 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Use the native partitioning tools to create native system partition(s). " "Leave either a place holder partition or free space for &debian;." msgstr "" "使用原有系统里的分区工具来新建属于原来系统的分区。为 &debian; 或者预留一个分" "区，或者腾出一块空闲空间。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:971 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the native operating system on its new partition." msgstr "把原有的操作系统安装到属于它的新分区上。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:976 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot back into the native system to verify everything's OK, and to download " "the Debian installer boot files." msgstr "" "启动到原有的操作系统，以确保一切正常，再下载 Debian 安装程序的启动文件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:982 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot the Debian installer to continue installing Debian." msgstr "启动 Debian 安装程序，并继续安装 Debian。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:996 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning in Tru64 UNIX" msgstr "Tru64 UNIX 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:997 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Tru64 UNIX, formerly known as Digital UNIX, which is in turn formerly known " "as OSF/1, uses the partitioning scheme similar to the BSD disk label, which allows for up to eight partitions per disk drive. The " "partitions are numbered 1 through to 8 in " "Linux and lettered a through to h in UNIX. Linux kernels 2.2 and higher always correspond 1 to a, 2 to b and so on. " "For example, rz0e in Tru64 UNIX would most likely be " "called sda5 in Linux." msgstr "" "Tru64 UNIX，前身是 Digital UNIX，更早是 OSF/1，采用的分区方式类似于 BSD 的" "disk label，它允许每个磁盘上最多八个分区。分区命名在 Linux 下" "从1到8，在 UNIX 下是按字母次序从" "a到h。Linux 内核 2.2 或更高的版本是1对应a，2对应b，依此类推。" "例如，rz0e 是在 Tru64 UNIX 中的命名，而 sda5 是在 Linux 里的名称。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1009 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Partitions in a Tru64 disk label may overlap. Moreover, if this disk will be " "used from Tru64, the c partition is required to span the " "entire disk (thus overlapping all other non-empty partitions). Under Linux " "this makes sda3 identical to sda " "(sdb3 to sdb, if present, and so " "on). However, the partman partitioning tool used by &d-i; cannot handle " "overlapping partitions at present. As a result, it is currently not " "recommended to share disks between Tru64 and Debian. Partitions on Tru64 " "disks can be mounted under Debian after installation has been completed." msgstr "" "Tru64 磁盘标签下的分区可以重叠。此外，如果以前磁盘在 Tru64 下使用，c分区要求扩展到整个磁盘(因此会覆盖其他所有的非空分区)。在 Linux 下这是 " "sda3 源于 sda (sdb3 对应于 sdb，等等)。然而，&d-i; 使用的 partman " "分区工具当前尚不能处理重叠的分区。因此，目前不推荐在 Tru64 和 Debian 之间共享" "磁盘。完成安装之后，Tru64 的磁盘分区可以挂载到 Debian 之下。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1022 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Another conventional requirement is for the a partition to " "start from the beginning of the disk, so that it always includes the boot " "block with the disk label. If you intend to boot Debian from that disk, you " "need to size it at least 2MB to fit aboot and perhaps a kernel. Note that " "this partition is only required for compatibility; you must not put a file " "system onto it, or you'll destroy data." msgstr "" "另外一个约定俗成的要求是分区a起始于磁盘开始处，因此它总包含具" "有磁盘标签的引导块。如果您从该磁盘启动 Debian，您至少需要给它 2MB 空间以在存" "储 aboot 和内核。注意，此分区仅为兼容考虑；您千万不要将文件系统置于其上，否则" "会破坏数据。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1031 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible, and indeed quite reasonable, to share a swap partition " "between UNIX and Linux. In this case it will be needed to do a " "mkswap on that partition every time the system is " "rebooted from UNIX into Linux, as UNIX will damage the swap signature. You " "may want to run mkswap from the Linux start-up scripts " "before adding swap space with swapon -a." msgstr "" "我们可以，也有理由，让 UNIX 和 Linux 共享交换分区。这时就需要在该分区上使用 " "mkswap。因为 UNIX 将破坏 swap 标志，所以每次从 UNIX 到 " "Linux 重启后都要重新执行一次。您可以让 mkswap 从 Linux 的" "启动脚本里面运行，时间是在用 swapon -a 添加交换分区之前。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1040 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you want to mount UNIX partitions under Linux, note that Digital UNIX can " "use two different file system types, UFS and AdvFS, of which Linux only " "understands the former." msgstr "" "如果您想在 Linux 中挂载 UNIX 分区，注意 Digital UNIX 可以使用两种不同的文件系" "统类型，UFS 和 AdvFS，而 Linux 只能识别前者。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1049 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning in Windows NT" msgstr "Windows NT 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1051 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Windows NT uses the PC-style partition table. If you are manipulating " "existing FAT or NTFS partitions, it is recommended that you use the native " "Windows NT tools (or, more conveniently, you can also repartition your disk " "from the AlphaBIOS setup menu). Otherwise, it is not really necessary to " "partition from Windows; the Linux partitioning tools will generally do a " "better job. Note that when you run NT, the Disk Administrator may offer you " "to write a harmless signature on non-Windows disks if you " "have any. Never let it do that, as this signature will " "destroy the partition information." msgstr "" "Windows NT 使用 PC 风格的分区表。如果您要处理已存在的 FAT 或 NTFS 分区，推荐" "使用 Windows NT 本身的工具(或者，照惯例，您可以用 AlphaBIOS 配置菜单里面的工" "具重新分区)。否则，真没有必要从 Windows 来分区，Linux 的分区工具可以做得更" "好。注意，如果您运行 NT，磁盘管理器也许会建议您写一个harmless " "signature到您的非 Windows 的磁盘上。千万别让它那" "样做，这个标志会破坏该分区上的信息。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1064 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you plan to boot Linux from an ARC/AlphaBIOS/ARCSBIOS console, you will " "need a (small) FAT partition for MILO. 5 MB is quite sufficient. If Windows " "NT is installed, its 6 MB bootstrap partition can be employed for this " "purpose. Debian &releasename; does not support installing MILO. If you " "already have MILO installed on your system, or install MILO from other " "media, Debian can still be booted from ARC." msgstr "" "如果您计划从 ARC/AlphaBIOS/ARCSBIOS 控制台引导 Linux，您也许需要给 MILO 一个" "(小的) FAT 分区。5 Mb 就足够了。如果已经安装了 Windows NT，它的 6 Mb 启动分区" "可以用来满足此要求。Debian &releasename; 不支持安装 MILO。如果您的系统上已经" "有 MILO，或者从其他介质安装，Debian 仍然可以从 ARC 启动。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1081 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning From DOS or Windows" msgstr "从 DOS 或 Windows 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1082 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are manipulating existing FAT or NTFS partitions, it is recommended " "that you either use the scheme below or native Windows or DOS tools. " "Otherwise, it is not really necessary to partition from DOS or Windows; the " "Linux partitioning tools will generally do a better job." msgstr "" "如果您想在已有的 FAT 或 NTFS 分区上动手，那么建议您或者按照下面介绍的方案操" "作，或者使用 Windows 或者 DOS 自己的工具软件。否则的话，真的没必要从 DOS 或" "者 Windows 分区，一般来说，Linux 的分区软件会做得更好。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1090 #, no-c-format msgid "" "But if you have a large IDE disk, and are using neither LBA addressing, " "overlay drivers (sometimes provided by hard disk manufacturers), nor a new " "(post 1998) BIOS that supports large disk access extensions, then you must " "locate your Debian boot partition carefully. In this case, you will have to " "put the boot partition into the first 1024 cylinders of your hard drive " "(usually around 524 megabytes, without BIOS translation). This may require " "that you move an existing FAT or NTFS partition." msgstr "" "但是，如果您有一块 IDE 接口的大硬盘，而且使用的既不是 LBA 寻址或 overlay 驱" "动 (有时候硬盘厂商会提供这种驱动)，也没用新款(1998 年以后)的支持大硬盘访问扩" "展的 BIOS，那么您必须小心地划分 Debian 的引导(boot)分区。在这种情形下，您一定" "要把引导分区分在 硬盘开始的 1024 柱面之内(BIOS 不换算的话，大约 524 MB)。为" "此，您可能需要移动硬盘上的 FAT 或 NTFS 分区。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1104 #, no-c-format msgid "Lossless Repartitioning When Starting From DOS, Win-32 or OS/2" msgstr "在 DOS、Win-32 或者 OS/2 上的无损分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1107 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the most common installations is onto a system that already contains " "DOS (including Windows 3.1), Win32 (such as Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, " "XP), or OS/2, and it is desired to put Debian onto the same disk without " "destroying the previous system. Note that the installer supports resizing of " "FAT and NTFS filesystems as used by DOS and Windows. Simply start the " "installer, select the option to Manually edit " "partition table , select the partition to resize, " "and specify its new size. So in most cases you should not need to use the " "method described below." msgstr "" "各常见的安装中，其中有一种就是希望在已经安装有 DOS(含 Windows 3.1)、Win32(如 " "Windows 95、98、Me、NT、2000、XP) 或者 OS/2 的系统上加装 Debian 到同一块硬盘" "的同时，保留原有系统。注意，安装程序支持重设被 DOS 和 Windows 使用的 FAT 和 " "NTFS 文件系统的容量。您只需启动安装程序，选择 手动" "修改分区表 选项，并选择需要调整大小的分区，指定新" "的尺寸。在多数情况下您毋须使用下面说明的方法。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1119 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before going any further, you should have decided how you will be dividing " "up the disk. The method in this section will only split a partition into two " "pieces. One will contain the original OS and the other will be used for " "Debian. During the installation of Debian, you will be given the opportunity " "to use the Debian portion of the disk as you see fit, i.e., as swap or as a " "file system." msgstr "" "在您继续之前，您应该先想好如何分割硬盘。本节所述的方法只会把一个分区一分为" "二。分出来的其中一片放原来的操作系统，而另一片则归 Debian 使用。在 Debian 的 " "安装过程中，您会有机会把您认为合适的那部分硬盘划归 Debian 使用。比如说，用作" "交换分区或者放置文件系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The idea is to move all the data on the partition to the beginning, before " "changing the partition information, so that nothing will be lost. It is " "important that you do as little as possible between the data movement and " "repartitioning to minimize the chance of a file being written near the end " "of the partition as this will decrease the amount of space you can take from " "the partition." msgstr "" "办法就是在更改分区信息之前，把这个分区中的所有的数据移到分区的前面部分，这样" "数据就会分毫无损。有一点很重要，即，在移动数据之后，和重新分区之前这段时间之" "内，尽量不要往分区的后部写数据。否则就会减少从能该分区分出去的空间大小。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1137 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The first thing needed is a copy of fips which is " "available in the tools/ directory on your nearest " "Debian mirror. Unzip the archive and copy the files RESTORRB.EXE, FIPS.EXE and ERRORS.TXT " "to a bootable floppy. A bootable floppy can be created using the command " "sys a: under DOS. fips comes with " "very good documentation which you may want to read. You will definitely need " "to read the documentation if you use a disk compression driver or a disk " "manager. Create the disk and read the documentation before you defragment the disk." msgstr "" "第一件需要的东西是一份 fips 的拷贝。您可以从离您最近的 " "Debian 镜像里的 tools/ 目录下载它。解开这个 zip 压缩文" "件，把 RESTORRB.EXE、FIPS.EXE 和 " "ERRORS.TXT 复制到一张启动软盘里。您可以用在 DOS 下面用 " "sys a: 来制作启动盘。fips 带有相当不" "错的文档，您也许会想看看的。倘若您正在用磁盘压缩驱动程序或者磁盘管理器，那么" "您绝对有必要读一下那个文档。在您为这块硬盘清理磁盘碎片之前 请先做一张启动盘并好好阅读那份文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1150 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The next thing needed is to move all the data to the beginning of the " "partition. defrag, which comes standard with DOS 6.0 and " "later, can easily do the job. See the fips documentation " "for a list of other software that may do the trick. Note that if you have " "Windows 9x, you must run defrag from there, since DOS " "doesn't understand VFAT, which is used to support for long filenames, used " "in Windows 95 and higher." msgstr "" "下一件要做的事，是把所有的数据移动到分区的前面部分。DOS 自 6.0 后就带有 " "defrag 程序，它可以很方便地完成这个任务。请参阅 " "fips 文档查看其他可用来执行此任务的软件列表。要提醒一下，" "如果您用的是 Windows 9x，那么必须在 Windows 里运行 defrag，原因是 DOS 不能识别 Windows 95 及其以后版本所使用的支持长文件名的 " "VFAT 分区。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1160 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After running the defragmenter (which can take a while on a large disk), " "reboot with the fips disk you created in the floppy " "drive. Simply type a:\\fips and follow the directions." msgstr "" "磁盘碎片清理程序(defragmenter)运行完毕后(如果是硬盘比较大，那么得等上一会儿" "了)，用您在软驱里生成的 fips 软盘重启。只须输入 " "a:\\fips 然后按照提示操作。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1166 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that there are many other partition managers out there, in case " "fips doesn't do the trick for you." msgstr "" "需要提醒一下，如果觉得 fips 不好用，还有许多其它的分区工具" "可供差遣。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1174 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning for DOS" msgstr "为 DOS 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1176 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are partitioning for DOS drives, or changing the size of DOS " "partitions, using Linux tools, many people experience problems working with " "the resulting FAT partitions. For instance, some have reported slow " "performance, consistent problems with scandisk, or other " "weird errors in DOS or Windows." msgstr "" "如果您用 Linux 的工具软件来为 DOS 硬盘分区，或者改动 DOS 分区的大小的话，请注" "意，有许多人在这样做了以后，在使用新分出来的或者大小被改变的 FAT 分区的过程中" "发现存在着各种各样的问题。举例来说，有些人回报说发现性能下降，有的人则在使用 " "scandisk 时发现有一致性(consistent)的问题，还有其它在 DOS " "或 Windows 中发现的各种古怪的错误。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1184 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Apparently, whenever you create or resize a partition for DOS use, it's a " "good idea to fill the first few sectors with zeros. Do this prior to running " "DOS's format command, from Linux:" msgstr "" "显然，当您为 DOS 新建分区或者改动分区大小时，最好总是把第一个扇区全部清零。在" "运行 DOS 的 format 命令之前，在 Linux 系统中，像这样做：" #. Tag: screen #: preparing.xml:1190 #, no-c-format msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdXX bs=512 count=4" msgstr "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdXX bs=512 count=4" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1201 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning in AmigaOS" msgstr "在 AmigaOS 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1202 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are running AmigaOS, you can use the HDToolBox " "program to adjust your native partitions prior to installation." msgstr "" "如果您运行 AmigaOS，您可以使用 HDToolBox 程序在安装之前调" "整您的分区。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1210 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning in Atari TOS" msgstr "在 Atari TOS 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1211 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Atari partition IDs are three ASCII characters, use LNX for " "data and SWP for swap partitions. If using the low memory " "installation method, a small Minix partition is also needed (about 2 MB), " "for which the partition ID is MNX. Failure to set the " "appropriate partition IDs not only prevents the Debian installation process " "from recognizing the partitions, but also results in TOS attempting to use " "the Linux partitions, which confuses the hard disk driver and renders the " "whole disk inaccessible." msgstr "" "Atari 的分区 ID 是三个 ASCII 字符，LNX用于数据，SWP用于交换分区。如果使用小内存安装方式，还需要一个小的 Minix 分区(大约 " "2MB)，它的 ID 是MNX。错误的设置分区 ID 不仅会因为 Debian 无法" "识别分区而中断安装进程，还会造成 TOS 使用 Linux 分区，让硬盘驱动程序混乱，使" "得整个磁盘无法访问。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1222 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are a multitude of third party partitioning tools available (the Atari " "harddisk utility doesn't permit changing the partition " "ID); this manual cannot give detailed descriptions for all of them. The " "following description covers SCSITool (from Hard+Soft " "GmBH)." msgstr "" "有很多第三方的分区工具(Atari harddisk 工具不允许修改分区 " "ID)，本手册无法对它们都进行详细说明。下面的说明涵盖了 SCSITool (来自 Hard+Soft GmBH)。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1231 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Start SCSITool and select the disk you want to partition " "(Disk menu, item select)." msgstr "" "启动 SCSITool 然后选择您要分区的磁盘(Disk 菜单中的 select)。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1237 #, no-c-format msgid "" "From the Partition menu, select either New to add new partitions or change the existing partition sizes, " "or Change to change one specific partition. " "Unless you have already created partitions with the right sizes and only " "want to change the partition ID, New is probably " "the best choice." msgstr "" "从 Partition 菜单，选择 New 来" "添加新分区或者修改现有分区的大小，或选择 Change 来" "修改指定的分区。除非您已经创建了合适大小的分区并只想修改分区 ID，否则 " "New 大概是最佳选择。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1247 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For the New choice, select existing in the dialog box prompting the initial settings. The next window " "shows a list of existing partitions which you can adjust using the scroll " "buttons, or by clicking in the bar graphs. The first column in the partition " "list is the partition type; just click on the text field to edit it. When " "you are finished changing partition settings, save the changes by leaving " "the window with the OK button." msgstr "" "在 New 选项中，从提示初始设置的对话框里选择 " "existing。接下来的窗口显示的是现有分区的列表，您可以通过" "滚动按钮进行调节，或者直接点击条图。分区列表的第一列是分区类型，点击文本框就" "可以编辑它。当您完成分区设置，用 OK 按钮保存并离开窗" "口。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1259 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For the Change option, select the partition to " "change in the selection list, and select other systems " "in the dialog box. The next window lists detailed information about the " "location of this partition, and lets you change the partition ID. Save " "changes by leaving the window with the OK button." msgstr "" "在 Change 选项中，从列表里面选择要修改的分区，然后" "在对话框中选择 other systems。接下来的窗口会列出该分区位" "置的详细信息，并让您修改分区 ID。用 OK 按钮保存并离开" "窗口。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1269 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Write down the Linux names for each of the partitions you created or changed " "for use with Linux — see ." msgstr "" "记下您为了使用 Linux 而创建或修改的每个分区的 Linux 名称 — 参考 。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1275 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Quit SCSITool using the Quit " "item from the File menu. The computer will reboot to make " "sure the changed partition table is used by TOS. If you changed any TOS/GEM " "partitions, they will be invalidated and have to be reinitialized (we told " "you to back up everything on the disk, didn't we?)." msgstr "" "退出 SCSITool 使用 Quit 选项，" "位于 File 菜单下。计算机将重新启动以确保 TOS 会使用修改过" "的分区表。如果您修改了任何 TOS/GEM 分区，它们将会失效并要重新初始化(我们已经" "告诉过您需要备份磁盘上的所有数据，不是吗？)。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1287 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is a partitioning tool for Linux/m68k called atari-fdisk in the installation system, but for now we recommend you partition " "your disk using a TOS partition editor or some disk tool. If your partition " "editor doesn't have an option to edit the partition type, you can do this " "crucial step at a later stage (from the booted temporary install RAMdisk). " "SCSITool is only one of the partition editors we know of " "which supports selection of arbitrary partition types. There may be others; " "select the tool that suits your needs." msgstr "" "在 Linux/m68k 中有一个分区工具，在安装系统中被称为 atari-fdisk，但是我们现在建议您使用 TOS 分区编辑器或其他的磁盘工具来对硬盘分区。" "如果您的分区编辑器没有编辑分区类型的选项，您可以在后续阶段做这项重要任务 (从" "启动临时安装 RAMdisk)。SCSITool 是我们所知的唯一支持选择任" "意分区类型的分区编辑器。也许还有其他的，请选择一个符合您要求的工具。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1302 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning in MacOS" msgstr "在 MacOS 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1303 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Partitioning tools for Macintosh tested include pdisk, " "HD SC Setup 7.3.5 (Apple), HDT 1.8 " "(FWB), SilverLining (LaCie), and DiskTool (Tim Endres, GPL). Full versions are required for HDT and SilverLining. The Apple tool requires a " "patch in order to recognize third-party disks (a description on how to patch " "HD SC Setup using ResEdit can be found " "at )." msgstr "" "Macintosh 下经过测试的分区工具包括 pdisk、HD SC " "Setup 7.3.5 (Apple)、HDT 1.8 (FWB)、" "SilverLining (LaCie) 和 DiskTool (Tim " "Endres, GPL)。对 HDT 和 SilverLining 要" "完整版。Apple 工具需要打补丁才能识别第三方的磁盘 (如何给 HD SC " "Setup 打补丁(使用 ResEdit)的说明位于 )。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1314 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For IDE based Macs, you need to use Apple Drive Setup to " "create empty space for the Linux partitions, and complete the partitioning " "under Linux, or use the MacOS version of pdisk available from the MkLinux " "FTP server." msgstr "" "对基于 IDE 的 Mac，您需要使用 Apple Drive Setup 为 Linux " "分区创建空闲空间，然后在 Linux 下完成分区，或者使用 MacOS 版的 pdisk，它可以" "从 MkLinux FTP 服务器获得。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1330 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning from SunOS" msgstr "在 SunOS 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1332 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's perfectly fine to partition from SunOS; in fact, if you intend to run " "both SunOS and Debian on the same machine, it is recommended that you " "partition using SunOS prior to installing Debian. The Linux kernel " "understands Sun disk labels, so there are no problems there. Just make sure " "you leave room for the Debian root partition within the first 1GB area of " "the boot disk. You can also place the kernel image on a UFS partition if " "that is easier than putting the root partition there. SILO supports booting " "Linux and SunOS from either EXT2 (Linux), UFS (SunOS), romfs and iso9660 " "(CDROM) partitions." msgstr "" "从 SunOS 分区非常完美。事实上，如果您倾向在同一台计算机上使用 SunOS 和 " "Debian，推荐在安装 Debian 之前使用 SunOS 进行分区。Linux 内核可以识别 Sun 的" "磁盘标签，因此不会有任何问题。只需要在启动盘的首 1GB 范围里面给 Debian 根分区" "留有足够空间。您也可以将内核映像放在 UFS 分区里，如果这比设定根分区的位置更简" "单的话。SILO 支持从 EXT2 (Linux)、UFS (SunOS)、romfs 和 iso9660 (CDROM) 分区" "启动 Linux 和 SunOS。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1347 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning from Linux or another OS" msgstr "从 Linux 或其他 OS 分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1349 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whatever system you are using to partition, make sure you create a " "Sun disk label on your boot disk. This is the only kind of " "partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, and so it's the only " "scheme from which you can boot. In fdisk, the s key is used to create Sun disk labels. You only need to do this on " "drives that do not already have a Sun disk label. If you are using a drive " "that was previously formatted using a PC (or other architecture) you must " "create a new disk label, or problems with the disk geometry will most likely " "occur." msgstr "" "无论使用什么系统分区，您要确保在您的启动盘上创建Sun disk label" "标签。这是 OpenBoot PROM 能识别的唯一分区方案，也是您唯一可以启动的方案。在 " "fdisk 里面，s 键用于创建 Sun 磁盘标签。您" "只须在没有 Sun 磁盘标签的磁盘上执行这个操作。如果您使用了一个被 PC (或其他体" "系)格式化过的磁盘，您必须创建新的磁盘标签，不然会有磁盘排列问题出现。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1361 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will probably be using SILO as your boot loader (the " "small program which runs the operating system kernel). SILO has certain requirements for partition sizes and location; see " "." msgstr "" "您也许使用 SILO 作为您的 boot loader (运行操作系统内核的小" "程序)。SILO 对分区尺寸和位置有明确的要求，请参阅 。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1376 #, no-c-format msgid "MacOS/OSX Partitioning" msgstr "在 MacOS/OSX 下分区" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1378 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Apple Drive Setup application can be found in " "the Utilities folder on the MacOS CD. It will not " "adjust existing partitions; it is limited to partitioning the entire disk at " "once. The disk driver partitions don't show up in Drive Setup." msgstr "" "Apple Drive Setup 程序可以在 MacOS CD 的 " "Utilities 文件夹里面找到。它并不能调整已经存在的分区，而" "仅限于一次性完成整个磁盘的分区。硬盘分区并不会展现在 Drive " "Setup 中。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1385 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Remember to create a placeholder partition for GNU/Linux, preferably " "positioned first in the disk layout. it doesn't matter what type it is, it " "will be deleted and replaced later inside the &debian; installer." msgstr "" "记住要为 GNU/Linux 创建一个占位用的是分区，最好是磁盘布局中的第一个。它的类型" "无关紧要，在后面的 &debian; 安装程序中，它会被删除并替换。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1391 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are planning to install both MacOS 9 and OS X, it is best to create " "separate partitions for OS 9 and OS X. If they are installed on the same " "partition, Startup Disk (and reboot) must be used " "to select between the two; the choice between the two systems can't be made " "at boot time. With separate partitions, separate options for OS 9 and OS X " "will appear when holding the option key at boot time, and " "separate options can be installed in the yaboot " "boot menu as well. Also, Startup Disk will de-bless all other mountable " "partitions, which can affect GNU/Linux booting. Both OS 9 and OS X " "partitions will be accessible from either OS 9 or OS X." msgstr "" "如果您计划同时安装 MacOS 9 与 OS X，最好为 OS 9 和 OS X 创建不同的分区。如果" "将它们安装在同一分区，就必须使用 Startup Disk (并" "重启)来选择它们两个，而在启动时是无法对两个操作系统进行选择的。使用不同的分" "区，如果在启动时按住 option 键就可以显示出 OS 9 和 OS X 两个" "不同的选项，而且这些分开的选项也可以被安装到 yaboot 启动菜单里面。还有，Startup Disk 将无法保证其他可挂载的分区的可" "靠性，这可能会影响 GNU/Linux 启动。OS 9 和 OS X 分区从 OS 9 和 OS X 中都能访" "问。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1404 #, no-c-format msgid "" "GNU/Linux is unable to access information on UFS partitions, but does " "support HFS+ (aka MacOS Extended) partitions. OS X requires one of these two " "types for its boot partition. MacOS 9 can be installed on either HFS (aka " "MacOS Standard) or HFS+. To share information between the MacOS and GNU/" "Linux systems, an exchange partition is handy. HFS, HFS+ and MS-DOS FAT " "partitions are supported by both MacOS and Linux." msgstr "" "GNU/Linux 不能读取 UFS 分区，但支持 HFS+ (又称 MacOS Extended) 分区。OS X 要" "求使用这两个分区类型之一作为引导分区。MacOS 9 能安装到 HFS (又称 MacOS " "Standard) 或 HFS+ 上。建一个交换信息分区就可以很方便地在 MacOS 和 GNU/Linux " "系统间共享信息。HFS，HFS+ 和 MS-DOS FAT 分区都能被 MacOS 和 Linux 支持。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1424 #, no-c-format msgid "Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup" msgstr "安装前的硬件和操作系统的相关设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1425 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section will walk you through pre-installation hardware setup, if any, " "that you will need to do prior to installing Debian. Generally, this " "involves checking and possibly changing firmware settings for your system. " "The firmware is the core software used by the hardware; it is " "most critically invoked during the bootstrap process (after power-up). Known " "hardware issues affecting the reliability of &debian; on your system are " "also highlighted." msgstr "" "在本节中，我们将讨论安装之前有关硬件设置的一些问题。如果这些问题的确存在的" "话，您就需要在安装 Debian 前先做一些准备工作了。一般来说，准备工作包括：检查" "固件(firmware) 以及为您的系统修改固件中的设定。所谓固件就是硬" "件运行所需的核心软件。它在系统引导过程(即开机之后)中起到了至关重要的作用。我" "们同时也会着重提出一些硬件问题，您系统上这些硬件问题在将会影响到 &debian; 的" "可靠性。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1442 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu" msgstr "BIOS 设置菜单的使用" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1444 #, no-c-format msgid "" "BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine to allow your " "operating system to access your hardware. Your system probably provides a " "BIOS set-up menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. Before installing, " "you must ensure that your BIOS is setup correctly; not " "doing so can lead to intermittent crashes or an inability to install Debian." msgstr "" "BIOS 为引导您的机器提供了基本的帮助，进而能让您的操作系统能访问您的硬件。您的" "系统应该会有 BIOS 的设置菜单，通过它，我们就能配置 BIOS。在进行安装 前，您 " "一定要 确保您 BIOS 的设置是正确无误的。否则，可能会导致" "经常性的系统崩溃或者根本无法安装 Debian。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1453 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rest of this section is lifted from the , answering the question, How do I enter the CMOS configuration " "menu?. How you access the BIOS (or CMOS) " "configuration menu depends on who wrote your BIOS software:" msgstr "" "本节接下来的部分取自 中对如何进" "入 CMOS 设置菜单一问的回答。您怎样才能进入 BIOS(或CMOS) 设置菜单取决于 BIOS 软件的作者是谁：" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1467 #, no-c-format msgid "AMI BIOS" msgstr "AMI BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1468 #, no-c-format msgid "Delete key during the POST (power on self test)" msgstr "Delete 键，在 POST(开机自检) 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1476 #, no-c-format msgid "Award BIOS" msgstr "Award BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1477 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltEsc , or Delete key during the POST" msgstr "" " CtrlAltEsc ，或 Delete键，在 POST 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1486 #, no-c-format msgid "DTK BIOS" msgstr "DTK BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1487 #, no-c-format msgid "Esc key during the POST" msgstr "Esc键，在 POST 过程中" #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1494 #, no-c-format msgid "IBM PS/2 BIOS" msgstr "IBM PS/2 BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1495 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltInsert " " after CtrlAltDelete " msgstr "" " CtrlAltInsert " " 在按下面的组合键之后 CtrlAltDelete " #. Tag: term #: preparing.xml:1509 #, no-c-format msgid "Phoenix BIOS" msgstr "Phoenix BIOS" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1510 #, no-c-format msgid "" " CtrlAltEsc or CtrlAltS or F1" msgstr "" " CtrlAltEsc 或 CtrlAltS 或 F1" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1526 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Information on invoking other BIOS routines can be found in ." msgstr "" "若希望知道有关 BIOS 其它功能和设置的信息，您可以参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1531 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some &arch-title; machines don't have a CMOS configuration menu in the BIOS. " "They require a software CMOS setup program. If you don't have the " "Installation and/or Diagnostics diskette for your machine, you can try using " "a shareware/freeware program. Try looking in ." msgstr "" "有些 &arch-title; 架构的机器在 BIOS 中没有附带 CMOS 设置菜单。要对它们进行设" "置，就需要有相应的 CMOS 设置软件。如果您没有与您机器对应的安装或者诊断盘片，" "那么您不妨试一下共享软件或自由软件。请去以下网址找找看 。" # index.docbook:1522, index.docbook:1865 #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1542 preparing.xml:1885 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot Device Selection" msgstr "选择引导设备" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1544 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many BIOS set-up menus allow you to select the devices that will be used to " "bootstrap the system. Set this to look for a bootable operating system on " "A: (the first floppy disk), then optionally the first " "CD-ROM device (possibly appearing as D: or E:" "), and then from C: (the first hard disk). " "This setting enables you to boot from either a floppy disk or a CD-ROM, " "which are the two most common boot devices used to install Debian." msgstr "" "许多 BIOS 的设置菜单都能让您选择用来引导系统的设备。我们来设置一下，让它先在 " "A: (第一个软驱)中找寻可引导的操作系统，不行的话，再在第" "一个 CD-ROM 设备(有可能就是 D: 或 E:)中找，然后接着在 C:(第一块硬盘)找。照这样设定" "的话，就能让您从软盘或者 CD-ROM 引导。这是安装 Debian 最常用的两个引导设备。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1555 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have a newer SCSI controller and you have a CD-ROM device attached to " "it, you are usually able to boot from the CD-ROM. All you have to do is " "enable booting from a CD-ROM in the SCSI-BIOS of your controller." msgstr "" "如果您有较新型号的 SCSI 控制器，而且您的 CD-ROM 是接在它上面的，那么您很可能 " "可以从这个 CD-ROM 引导。您所要做的仅仅是在您的控制器的 SCSI-BIOS 的设置中 允" "许从 CD-ROM 引导系统。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1562 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Other popular option is to boot from a USB storage (also called USB memory " "stick or USB key). Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, and some " "cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot from a Removable " "drive or even a USB-ZIP to get it to boot from the " "USB device." msgstr "" "另外一个常见的选项是从 USB 存储器(也叫 USB 记忆棒或者 U 盘)引导。有些 BIOS 支" "持从 USB 存储器直接引导，而有的 BIOS 不行。如果要从 USB 设备引导系统的话，您" "可能需要在 BIOS 设置中，让系统从 Removable drive 或者 " "USB-ZIP 引导。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1570 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here are some details about how to set the boot order. Remember to reset the " "boot order after Linux is installed, so that you restart your machine from " "the hard drive." msgstr "" "下面讲述了有关如何设置启动顺序的一些细节。请记住，在安装完 Linux 后，要恢复原" "来的启动顺序，这样，您就能像以前一样从硬盘启动了。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1579 #, no-c-format msgid "Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers" msgstr "修改 IDE 接口计算机的引导顺序" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1582 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the BIOS utility. Often, it " "is the Delete key. However, consult the hardware " "documentation for the exact keystrokes." msgstr "" "当您的计算机启动时，可以按下某些键进入 BIOS 的设置软件。一般来说，按 " "Delete 键就可以了。若要知道按键的确切信息，可以参考硬件的相" "关文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1589 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Find the boot sequence in the setup utility. Its location depends on your " "BIOS, but you are looking for a field that lists drives." msgstr "" "在 BIOS 设置软件中可以查看引导顺序。具体在 BIOS 的什么地方看，这和您的 BIOS " "有关。不管如何，您要找的是列有驱动器名的栏位。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1594 #, no-c-format msgid "Common entries on IDE machines are C, A, cdrom or A, C, cdrom." msgstr "对 IDE 机器而言，列表里常见的表项是 C、A、cdrom 或者 A、C、cdrom。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1599 #, no-c-format msgid "C is the hard drive, and A is the floppy drive." msgstr "C 就是硬盘，而 A 则是软驱。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1605 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Change the boot sequence setting so that the CD-ROM or the floppy is first. " "Usually, the Page Up or Page Down keys " "cycle through the possible choices." msgstr "" "修改启动顺序的设置，让 CD-ROM 或者软盘排在第一位。通常，用 Page Up或者 Page Down 键能够循环地选中可能的选项。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1613 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to save the " "changes on your computer." msgstr "然后，保存您对设置的修改。屏幕上的提示会告诉您如何才能保存您的配置。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1623 #, no-c-format msgid "Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers" msgstr "修改 SCSI 接口计算机的引导顺序" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1627 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the SCSI setup utility." msgstr "当您的计算机启动时，可以按下某些键进入 SCSI 的设置软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1632 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can start the SCSI setup utility after the memory check and the message " "about how to start the BIOS utility displays when you start your computer." msgstr "" "计算机启动过程中，您可以在内存检测结束后，当屏幕出现如何进入 BIOS 设置程序的" "提示的时候，启动 SCSI 设置软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1638 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The keystrokes you need depend on the utility. Often, it is " "CtrlF2. However, " "consult your hardware documentation for the exact keystrokes." msgstr "" "您要按的键通常因设置软件而不同。一般来说，是按 CtrlF2。若要知道按键的确切信息，还是要参考硬件" "的相关文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1646 #, no-c-format msgid "Find the utility for changing the boot order." msgstr "找到用来修改引导顺序的工具软件。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1651 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Set the utility so that the SCSI ID of the CD drive is first on the list." msgstr "通过这个工具软件修改设置，让光盘驱动器的 SCSI ID 排在列表的首位。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1657 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to save the " "changes on your computer. Often, you must press F10." msgstr "" "然后，保存您对设置的修改。屏幕上的提示会告诉您如何才能保存您的配置。通常，您" "需要按下 F10。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1671 #, no-c-format msgid "Miscellaneous BIOS Settings" msgstr "BIOS 设置的其余项目" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1673 #, no-c-format msgid "CD-ROM Settings" msgstr "CD-ROM 的设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1674 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some BIOS systems (such as Award BIOS) allow you to automatically set the CD " "speed. You should avoid that, and instead set it to, say, the lowest speed. " "If you get seek failed error messages, this may be " "your problem." msgstr "" "有些 BIOS 系统(如 Award BIOS)允许让您能自动设置 CD 的读取速度。应当尽量不要那" "样设置，相反，应该把它设成最低速。要是您碰到了 seek failed 的错误提示，那么就有可能是您的设置问题了。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1684 #, no-c-format msgid "Extended vs. Expanded Memory" msgstr "扩展内存与扩充内存" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1685 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your system provides both extended and " "expanded memory, set it so that there is as much " "extended and as little expanded memory as possible. Linux requires extended " "memory and cannot use expanded memory." msgstr "" "如果您的系统同时提供了扩展(extended)和 扩充(expanded)内存，那么就把扩展内存设置得尽量大一些，而把扩充内存设置得" "尽量小。Linux 需要使用扩展内存，但无法利用扩充内存。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1695 #, no-c-format msgid "Virus Protection" msgstr "病毒保护" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1696 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Disable any virus-warning features your BIOS may provide. If you have a " "virus-protection board or other special hardware, make sure it is disabled " "or physically removed while running GNU/Linux. These aren't compatible with " "GNU/Linux; moreover, due to the file system permissions and protected memory " "of the Linux kernel, viruses are almost unheard of After " "installation you can enable Boot Sector protection if you want. This offers " "no additional security in Linux but if you also run Windows it may prevent a " "catastrophe. There is no need to tamper with the Master Boot Record (MBR) " "after the boot manager has been set up. ." msgstr "" "禁用您的 BIOS 提供的所有病毒警告功能。如果您安装了防病毒卡或是其它特定的硬" "件，请在运行 GNU/Linux 期间，把它禁用或者拆除。它们与 GNU/Linux 是不兼容的。" "更进一步说，归功于文件系统的权限管理和 Linux 内核的内存保护机制，病毒已然绝迹" " 在安装完成之后，如果您希望的话也可以重新开启启动扇区保护功" "能这并不会为 Linux 带来任何额外的安全保护，但如果您还运行着 Windows，它还是有" "可能帮助您避免一声灾难。在启动管理器安装并设置好之后，就不再需要更动主引导扇" "区(MBR)了。 。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1717 #, no-c-format msgid "Shadow RAM" msgstr "内存映像" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1718 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Your motherboard may provide shadow RAM or BIOS " "caching. You may see settings for Video BIOS Shadow, " "C800-CBFF Shadow, etc. Disable all " "shadow RAM. Shadow RAM is used to accelerate access to the ROMs on your " "motherboard and on some of the controller cards. Linux does not use these " "ROMs once it has booted because it provides its own faster 32-bit software " "in place of the 16-bit programs in the ROMs. Disabling the shadow RAM may " "make some of it available for programs to use as normal memory. Leaving the " "shadow RAM enabled may interfere with Linux access to hardware devices." msgstr "" "您的主板或许会有 内存映像(shadow RAM)或者 BIOS caching " "的功能设置。您可能会发现Video BIOS Shadow、C800-CBFF " "Shadow等等的设置选项。禁用所有的内存映象。内存映" "像被用来提高对主板上或者某些控制卡上的 ROM 的访问速度。一旦 Linux 启动之后，" "它就不会再使用这些 ROM。Linux 弃之不用的原因是：Linux 自己提供了更快的32位的" "软件来替代了 ROM 中的16位程序的功能。禁用内存映像就可以让程序能使用更多的常规" "内存。而继续开启内存映像则有可能妨碍 Linux 存取硬件设备。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1735 #, no-c-format msgid "Memory Hole" msgstr "内存空洞" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1736 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your BIOS offers something like 15–16 MB Memory Hole, please disable that. Linux expects to find memory there if you have " "that much RAM." msgstr "" "如果您的 BIOS 有类似15–16 MB Memory Hole的选项，请禁用" "它。如果您有那么多内存的话，Linux 就会认为在那儿应该能找到内存块。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1742 #, no-c-format msgid "" "We have a report of an Intel Endeavor motherboard on which there is an " "option called LFB or Linear Frame Buffer. This " "had two settings: Disabled and 1 Megabyte. Set " "it to 1 Megabyte. When disabled, the installation floppy was " "not read correctly, and the system eventually crashed. At this writing we " "don't understand what's going on with this particular device — it just " "worked with that setting and not without it." msgstr "" "我们收到报告称，有一款 Intel 的主板，它的设置中有名为LFB或" "Linear Frame Buffer的选项。该选项有两个选择：Disabled和1 Megabyte。请把它设为1 Megabyte。如果" "禁用它，那么读取安装软盘时将会出错，而系统最后会崩溃。在撰写本文时，我们尚无" "法弄清这个设备出了什么问题 — 现在仅仅知道，如果这样设置，那么就一切正" "常，否则的话就不行。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1758 #, no-c-format msgid "Advanced Power Management" msgstr "高级电源管理" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1759 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your motherboard provides Advanced Power Management (APM), configure it " "so that power management is controlled by APM. Disable the doze, standby, " "suspend, nap, and sleep modes, and disable the hard disk's power-down timer. " "Linux can take over control of these modes, and can do a better job of power-" "management than the BIOS." msgstr "" "倘若您的主板提供了高级电源管理(APM)的支持，请配置让 APM 来管理电源。请同时禁" "用 doze、standby、suspend、nap 和 sleep 模式，另外还要禁用硬盘的电源关闭定时" "器。Linux 可以接管所有这些模式的控制权，而且能比 BIOS 的电源管理做得更好。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1777 #, no-c-format msgid "Firmware Revisions and Existing OS Setup" msgstr "固件修订版和已有的 OS 配置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1779 #, no-c-format msgid "" "&arch-title; machines are generally self-configuring and do not require " "firmware configuration. However, you should make sure that you have the " "appropriate ROM and system patches. On the Macintosh, MacOS version >= 7.1 " "is recommended because version 7.0.1 contains a bug in the video drivers " "preventing the boot loader from deactivating the video interrupts, resulting " "in a boot hang. On the BVM VMEbus systems you should make sure you are using " "BVMBug revision G or higher boot ROMs. The BVMBug boot ROMs do not come as " "standard on the BVM systems but are available from BVM on request free of " "charge." msgstr "" "&arch-title; 机器通常自行配置，不需要设置固件。但是，您应该确定您用了适宜的 " "ROM 和系统补丁。在 Macintosh 上，推荐使用 MacOS >= 7.1 的版本，这是由于版本 " "7.0.1 在视频驱动方面包含 bug，它会阻挡 boot loader 禁止视频中断，造成 boot 挂" "起。在 BVM VMEbus 系统上，您应该确定使用 BVMBug 修订版 G 或更新的 boot ROM。" "BVMBug boot ROM 不属于 BVM 系统的标准配置，但可用从 BVM 免费获取。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1802 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking OpenFirmware" msgstr "使用 OpenFireware" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1803 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is normally no need to set up the BIOS (called OpenFirmware) on &arch-" "title; systems. PReP and CHRP are equipped with OpenFirmware, but " "unfortunately, the means you use to invoke it vary from manufacturer to " "manufacturer. You'll have to consult the hardware documentation which came " "with your machine." msgstr "" "通常在 &arch-title; 系统上不需要去设置 BIOS(称为 OpenFirmware)。OpenFirmware " "常常配备 PReP 与 CHRP，但这也意味着依不同厂商而不同。您必须参阅计算机手册中相" "关的硬件文档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1811 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On &arch-title; Macintoshes, you invoke OpenFirmware with " "Command option O F while booting. Generally it will check " "for these keystrokes after the chime, but the exact timing varies from model " "to model. See for more " "hints." msgstr "" "在 &arch-title; 的 Macintoshe 机器上，您在启动时通过 " "Command option O F 命令使用 OpenFirmware。一般情况下，它会" "按时钟顺序检验击键，但也会与不同的型号有关。参阅 了解更多提示。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1820 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The OpenFirmware prompt looks like this: \n" "ok\n" "0 >\n" " Note that on older model &arch-title; Macs, the " "default and sometimes hardwired I/O for OpenFirmware user interaction is " "through the serial (modem) port. If you invoke OpenFirmware on one of these " "machines, you will just see a black screen. In that case, a terminal program " "running on another computer, connected to the modem port, is needed to " "interact with OpenFirmware." msgstr "" "OpenFirmware 的提示看起来像： \n" "ok\n" "0 >\n" " 注意旧型号的 &arch-title; Mac 机器，OpenFirmware " "与用户交互所用的默认和 某些硬连线的 I/O 是通过串行(调制解调器)端口进行的。如" "果您在这样的机器上使用 OperFirmware，您只会看到黑屏。在这种情况下，需要用通过" "调制解调器端口连接到另外一台电脑上的终端程序来与 OpenFirmware 交互。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1833 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The OpenFirmware on OldWorld Beige G3 machines, OF versions 2.0f1 and 2.4, " "is broken. These machines will most likely not be able to boot from the hard " "drive unless the firmware is patched. A firmware patch is included in the " "System Disk 2.3.1 utility, available from Apple " "at . After unpacking the utility in MacOS, " "and launching it, select the Save button to have the firmware patches " "installed to nvram." msgstr "" "运行在 OldWorld Beige G3 机器上的 OF 版本 2.0f1 和 2.4 的 OpenFirmware 是坏" "的。这些机器如果没有打固件补丁，就不能够从硬盘启动。固件的补丁包括 " "System Disk 2.3.1 工具，位于 Apple 的 。在 MacOS 上解包并运行它，选择保存按钮使固件补丁安装到 nvram。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1852 #, no-c-format msgid "Invoking OpenBoot" msgstr "使用 OpenBoot" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1854 #, no-c-format msgid "" "OpenBoot provides the basic functions needed to boot the &arch-title; " "architecture. This is rather similar in function to the BIOS in the x86 " "architecture, although much nicer. The Sun boot PROMs have a built-in forth " "interpreter which lets you do quite a number of things with your machine, " "such as diagnostics, simple scripts, etc." msgstr "" "OpenBoot 提供了启动 &arch-title; 所需的基本功能。虽然做得比 x86 体系 BIOS 更" "好一些，但功能是非常接近的。Sun 的启动 PROM 内置了 forth 解释器，可以让您对计" "算机做很多事情，如诊断，简单脚本，等等。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1862 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To get to the boot prompt you need to hold down the Stop " "key (on older type 4 keyboards, use the L1 key, if you have " "a PC keyboard adapter, use the Break key) and press the " "A key. The boot PROM will give you a prompt, either " "ok or >. It is preferred to " "have the ok prompt. So if you get the old style " "prompt, hit the n key to get the new style prompt." msgstr "" "为了得到启动提示符，您需要按住 Stop 键(在老式的 type 4 键盘" "上，使用 L1 键，如果您有一个 PC 键盘适配器，使用 " "Break 健)并按下 A 键。启动 PROM 将给出提示" "符，可能是 ok 或者 >。优先使" "用 ok 提示符。如果您得到的是旧风格的提示符，按下 " "n 键得到新风格的提示符。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1874 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are using a serial console, send a break to the machine. With " "Minicom, use Ctrl-A F, with cu, hit Enter, " "then type %~break. Consult the documentation of your " "terminal emulator if you are using a different program." msgstr "" "如果您使用的是串口控制台，发送 break 到机器。在 Minicom 下，使用 " "Ctrl-A F，在 cu 下，按下 Enter，然后键入 " "%~break。如果您使用其他的程序，查看终端模拟器相关的文" "档。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1887 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can use OpenBoot to boot from specific devices, and also to change your " "default boot device. However, you need to know some details about how " "OpenBoot names devices; it's much different from Linux device naming, " "described in . Also, the command will vary a " "bit, depending on what version of OpenBoot you have. More information about " "OpenBoot can be found in the Sun OpenBoot " "Reference." msgstr "" "您可以使用 OpenBoot 从指定设备启动，也可以能改变默认启动设备。但您需要了解 " "OpenBoot 如何命名设备的细节，它与 Linux 命名方法有很大差别，说明在 。另外，该命令会依 OpenBoot 的版本不同而略有区别。" "更多关于 OpenBoot 的信息请参考 Sun OpenBoot " "Reference。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1897 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Typically, with newer revisions, you can use OpenBoot device such as " "floppy, cdrom, net, " "disk, or disk2. These have the obvious " "meanings; the net device is for booting from the network. " "Additionally, the device name can specify a particular partition of a disk, " "such as disk2:a to boot disk2, first partition. Full OpenBoot " "device names have the form \n" "driver-name@\n" "unit-address:\n" "device-arguments\n" ". In older revisions of OpenBoot, device naming " "is a bit different: the floppy device is called /fd, and SCSI " "disk devices are of the form sd(controller, disk-target-id, disk-" "lun). The command show-devs in " "newer OpenBoot revisions is useful for viewing the currently configured " "devices. For full information, whatever your revision, see the Sun OpenBoot Reference." msgstr "" "一般来说，在较新的修订版中，您可以使用 OpenBoot 设备，如floppy、cdrom、net、disk或" "disk2。这些是显而易见的含义，net即指设备是从网" "络启动。另外，设备名可以明确指定磁盘分区，如disk2:a将启动磁盘 " "disk2 的第一个分区。完整的 OpenBoot 设备命名形式为 " "\n" "driver-name@\n" "unit-address:\n" "device-arguments\n" "。在旧版的 OpenBoot 中，设备命名有些不同：软盘设备" "称为/fd，SCSI 磁盘形式是sd(controller, disk-target-id, disk-" "lun)。show-devs 命令在新版的 " "OpenBoot 中用于查看当前的配置设备。对于完整的信息，和您使用的版本，请参考 " "Sun OpenBoot Reference。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1920 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To boot from a specific device, use the command boot " "device. You can set this behavior as " "the default using the setenv command. However, the " "name of the variable to set changed between OpenBoot revisions. In OpenBoot " "1.x, use the command setenv boot-from device. In later revisions of OpenBoot, use the command " "setenv boot-device device. " "Note, this is also configurable using the eeprom command " "on Solaris, or modifying the appropriate files in /proc/openprom/" "options/, for example under Linux: \n" "# echo disk1:1 > /proc/openprom/options/boot-device\n" " and under Solaris:" msgstr "" "要从指定的设备启动，请使用 boot device 命令。您可以通过 setenv 命令" "将它设为默认方式。但变量的名称对不同版本有所改变。在 OpenBoot 1.x 中，请使用 " "setenv boot-from device 命" "令。在稍后的 OpenBoot 修订版本中，请使用 setenv boot-device " "device 命令。注意，它也可以通过使用 " "Solaris 上的 eeprom 命令或者修改 /proc/openprom/" "options/ 中相应的文件来进行配置，例如，Linux 下使用： " "\n" "# echo disk1:1 > /proc/openprom/options/boot-device\n" " 或在 Solaris下执行：" #. Tag: screen #: preparing.xml:1939 #, no-c-format msgid "eeprom boot-device=disk1:1" msgstr "eeprom boot-device=disk1:1" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1949 #, no-c-format msgid "BIOS Setup" msgstr "BIOS 设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1950 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to install &debian; on a &arch-title; or zSeries machine you have " "first boot a kernel into the system. The boot mechanism of this platform is " "inherently different to other ones, especially from PC-like systems: there " "are no floppy devices available at all. You will notice another big " "difference while you work with this platform: most (if not all) of the time " "you will work remote, with the help of some client session software like " "telnet, or a browser. This is due to that special system architecture where " "the 3215/3270 console is line-based instead of character-based." msgstr "" "为了安装 &debian; 到 &arch-title; 或者 zSeries 机器上，您首先要将内核引导进系" "统。在此平台上的启动机制与其他类型，特别是类 PC 的系统，有着本质上的不同：它" "根本就没有软盘驱动器。您还会注意到此平台上的另外一个显著差异：大多数(如果不是" "全部)的时间，您将借助于其他客户机上的 telnet 这样的软件或者一个浏览器，通过远" "程方式使用。这归因于该系统上的 3215/3270 控制台是线型，而不是字符型的。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1962 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Linux on this platform runs either natively on the bare machine, in a so-" "called LPAR (Logical Partition) or in a virtual machine supplied by the VM " "system. You can use a boot tape on all of those systems; you may use some " "other boot media, too, but those may not be generally available. For " "example, you can use the virtual card reader of a virtual machine, or boot " "from the HMC (Hardware Management Console) of an LPAR if the HMC and this " "option is available for you." msgstr "" "Linux 在该平台上可以是本地化方式运行于裸机上，以所谓的 LPAR(Logical " "Partition) 方式或者 由 VM 系统提供的虚拟机方式。您可以在所有的系统上使用启动" "磁带；您也可以使用其他的介质，但它们并不一定都可用。例如，您可以在虚拟机上使" "用虚拟读卡器，或者在 HMC (Hardware Management Console) 可用的情况下，从 LPAR " "上的 HMC 启动。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1972 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you actually perform an installation, you have to go over some design " "and preparation steps. IBM has made documentation available about the whole " "process, e.g. how to prepare an installation medium and how actually boot " "from that medium. Duplicating that information here is neither possible nor " "necessary. However, we will describe here which kind of Debian-specific data " "is needed and where do you find them. Based on both sources of information " "you have to prepare your machine and the installation medium and to perform " "a boot from it. When you see the welcome message in your client session join " "this document again for the Debian-specific installation steps." msgstr "" "在真正进行安装之前，您必须仔细检查一些设计和准备步骤。IBM 已经有整个过程的文" "档，例如，如何准备安装介质和如何从该介质启动。这里复制那些信息既不需也不必。" "但基于必须给计算机所准备的信息资源和启动需要的安装介质，我们会在此说明需要哪" "些规格的 Debian 数据，以及在哪里能找到它们。当您在客户端对话中看到欢迎画面，" "再返回本文档查看 Debian 规格的安装步骤。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:1989 #, no-c-format msgid "Native and LPAR installations" msgstr "本地化(Native)和 LPAR 安装" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:1990 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please refer to chapter 5 of the Linux for &arch-title; Redbook " "and chapter 3.2 of the Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: " "Distributions Redbook on how to set up an LPAR for Linux." msgstr "" "请参考 Linux for &arch-title; Redbook 第 5 章和 Linux for IBM " "eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions Redbook 第 3.2 节有关" "如何为 Linux 建立 LPAR 的部分。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2004 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation as a VM guest" msgstr "作为一个 VM guest 安装" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2006 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please refer to chapter 6 of the Linux for &arch-title; Redbook " "and chapter 3.1 of the Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: " "Distributions Redbook on how to set up a VM guest for running Linux." msgstr "" "请参考 Linux for &arch-title; Redbook 第 6 章和 Linux for IBM " "eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions Redbook 第 3.1 节有关" "如何为运行 Linux 建立 VM guest 的部分。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2016 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You need to copy all the files from the generic sub-" "directory to your CMS disk. Be sure to transfer kernel.debian and initrd.debian in binary mode with a fixed " "record length of 80 characters." msgstr "" "您需要从 generic 子目录复制所有的文件到您的 CMS 磁盘。确" "保 kernel.debian 和 initrd.debian " "是以固定 80 字符记录长度的二近制形式进行传输。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2028 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up an installation server" msgstr "建立安装服务器" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2030 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you don't have a connection to the Internet (either directly or via a web " "proxy) you need to create a local installation server that can be accessed " "from your S/390. This server keeps all the packages you want to install and " "must make them available using NFS, HTTP or FTP." msgstr "" "如果您没有连接到互联网(直接或者间接通过 web 代理)，您需要创建一个您的 S/390 " "能访问的本地安装服务器。该服务器包含所有您需要安装的软件包，并可以通过 NFS，" "HTTP 或 FTP 访问。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2038 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installation server needs to copy the exact directory structure from any " "&debian; mirror but of only the s390 and architecture-independent files are " "required. You can also copy the contents of all installation CDs into such a " "directory tree." msgstr "" "安装服务器需要从任意 &debian; 镜像复制精确的目录结构，当然只需 s390 和一些独" "立于体系的文件。您也可以复制所有的安装 CD 到这样的目录树中。" #. Tag: emphasis #: preparing.xml:2047 #, no-c-format msgid "FIXME: more information needed — from a Redbook?" msgstr "FIXME: more information needed — from a Redbook?" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2053 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Issues to Watch Out For" msgstr "需要留心的硬件问题" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2054 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many people have tried operating their 90 MHz CPU at 100 MHz, etc. It " "sometimes works, but is sensitive to temperature and other factors and can " "actually damage your system. One of the authors of this document over-" "clocked his own system for a year, and then the system started aborting the " "gcc program with an unexpected signal while it was " "compiling the operating system kernel. Turning the CPU speed back down to " "its rated value solved the problem." msgstr "" "有很多人曾试过把他们的 90 MHz 的 CPU 超频到 100 MHz 使用，以及其他诸如此类的" "做法。这有时可行，但是它有赖于外界的温度和其他因素，而且超频可能会损毁您的系" "统。这个文档的 作者之一曾把他的系统超频使用了有一年，从那以后他的系统在编译操" "作系统的内核时，总是发现 gcc 的运行被意外的信号中止了。后" "来，当把 CPU 的频率 调回它的标称速度后，问题迎刃而解。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2064 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The gcc compiler is often the first thing to die from bad " "memory modules (or other hardware problems that change data unpredictably) " "because it builds huge data structures that it traverses repeatedly. An " "error in these data structures will cause it to execute an illegal " "instruction or access a non-existent address. The symptom of this will be " "gcc dying from an unexpected signal." msgstr "" "如果内存模块有故障的话(或者出现其他会使数据发生异变的硬件故障)，" "gcc 编译器经常是第一个停止工作的程序。因为它会生成庞大的数" "据结构，并把它们在内存中频繁移动。一旦这些 数据结构中有错，就会导致程序执行非" "法指令或者访问不存在的地址空间。表现出症状就是gcc 被一个意" "外的信号中止运行。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2074 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Atari TT RAM boards are notorious for RAM problems under Linux; if you " "encounter any strange problems, try running at least the kernel in ST-RAM. " "Amiga users may need to exclude RAM using a booter memfile. FIXME: more description of this needed. " msgstr "" "Atari TT 内存条因其在 Linux 下的内存故障而获臭名。无论您 碰到了何种怪异的问" "题，请至少试试换用 ST-RAM 来运行内核。Amiga 的用户可能需要用 booter menfile " "来排除部分内存。 FIXME: more " "description of this needed. " #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2086 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The very best motherboards support parity RAM and will actually tell you if " "your system has a single-bit error in RAM. Unfortunately, they don't have a " "way to fix the error, thus they generally crash immediately after they tell " "you about the bad RAM. Still, it's better to be told you have bad memory " "than to have it silently insert errors in your data. Thus, the best systems " "have motherboards that support parity and true-parity memory modules; see " "." msgstr "" "最好的主板应该会支持奇偶校验内存(parity RAM)，它在会发现内存中有一个位错误时" "向您报告。可惜的是，主板并没有办法修正这个错误，因此它通常会在向您报告内存故" "障之后 立即崩溃。不管怎样，报告内存故障总归比不声不响地在您的数据中插入错误数" "据 要强。所以，最好的系统应当配备支持奇偶校验和实奇偶校验(true-parity)的内" "存。另外还可以参阅： 。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2097 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do have true-parity RAM and your motherboard can handle it, be sure " "to enable any BIOS settings that cause the motherboard to interrupt on " "memory parity errors." msgstr "" "如果您配备有实奇偶校验的内存，而且您的主板也支持这种内存，那么请一定要 在 " "BIOS 的设置里开启相应的选项，好让主板在发现奇偶校验错时发生中断。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2105 #, no-c-format msgid "The Turbo Switch" msgstr "加速(Turbo)开关" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2106 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many systems have a turbo switch that controls the " "speed of the CPU. Select the high-speed setting. If your BIOS allows you to " "disable software control of the turbo switch (or software control of CPU " "speed), do so and lock the system in high-speed mode. We have one report " "that on a particular system, while Linux is auto-probing (looking for " "hardware devices) it can accidentally touch the software control for the " "turbo switch." msgstr "" "有许多系统带有一个 turbo 开关，通过这个开关可以控制 CPU " "的 运行速度。请把它调节到“高速”。如果您的 BIOS 能让您禁用对加速开关的软件控制" "(或者 对 CPU 速度的软件控制)，那么就请禁用它，这会将系统锁定为高速运行模式。" "我们曾受到过报告称，在某台特别的系统上，当 Linux 在自动检测(搜寻硬件设备)时，" "会无意中触动加速开关的软件控制。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2119 #, no-c-format msgid "Cyrix CPUs and Floppy Disk Errors" msgstr "Cyrix 出品的 CPU 和软盘错误" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2120 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many users of Cyrix CPUs have had to disable the cache in their systems " "during installation, because the floppy disk has errors if they do not. If " "you have to do this, be sure to re-enable your cache when you are finished " "with installation, as the system runs much slower with " "the cache disabled." msgstr "" "许多 Cyrix CPU 的用户在安装时，必须禁用系统的高速缓存(cache)。如果不这样的" "话，就会发生软盘错误。如果您禁用了高速缓存，请在安装完成后重新开启它。因为如" "果您继续 禁用的话，系统会变慢 很多。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "We don't think this is necessarily the fault of the Cyrix CPU. It may be " "something that Linux can work around. We'll continue to look into the " "problem. For the technically curious, we suspect a problem with the cache " "being invalid after a switch from 16-bit to 32-bit code." msgstr "" "我们并不认为这一定是 Cyrix CPU 的过错。Linux 或许能想办法避免它。我们将继续 " "关注这个问题。基于技术上的好奇，我们猜测这可能是系统从 16 位切换到 32 位模式" "时，导致高速缓存失效造成的。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2138 #, no-c-format msgid "Peripheral Hardware Settings" msgstr "外设硬件的设置" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2139 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You may have to change some settings or jumpers on your computer's " "peripheral cards. Some cards have setup menus, while others rely on jumpers. " "This document cannot hope to provide complete information on every hardware " "device; what it hopes to provide is useful tips." msgstr "" "您也许必须得修改您计算机外设板卡上的一些设置或者跳线。有的板卡有设置菜单，而" "另一些则使用 跳线。本文档无意为您提供所有硬件设备的全面信息，只不过希望能提供" "一些有用的提示。" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2146 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If any cards provide mapped memory, the memory should be " "mapped somewhere between 0xA0000 and 0xFFFFF (from 640K to just below 1 " "megabyte) or at an address at least 1 megabyte greater than the total amount " "of RAM in your system." msgstr "" "如果有板卡提供了内存映射(mapped memory)，那么这块内存应该被映" "射到介于 0xA0000 和 0xFFFFF (从 640K 到正好 1M)的某块地方，也可以映射到您系统" "中总内存容量后 1 MB 以上的地址。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2157 #, no-c-format msgid "USB BIOS support and keyboards" msgstr "USB BIOS 支持与键盘" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2158 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have no AT-style keyboard and only a USB model, you may need to " "enable legacy AT keyboard emulation in your BIOS setup. Only do this if the " "installation system fails to use your keyboard in USB mode. Conversely, for " "some systems (especially laptops) you may need to disable legacy USB support " "if your keyboard does not respond. Consult your main board manual and look " "in the BIOS for Legacy keyboard emulation or USB " "keyboard support options." msgstr "" "倘若您没有 AT 键盘，只有一个 USB 的键盘的话，您需要在 BIOS 设置里开启老式 AT " "键盘模拟功能。这只在安装系统使用 USB 模式失败的情况下进行。反之，对其他系统" "(特别是便携机)也许您的键盘没有响应，这需要禁止老式 USB 支持。请查阅您的主板手" "册并查看 BIOS 中Legacy keyboard emulation或USB " "keyboard support选项。" #. Tag: title #: preparing.xml:2171 #, no-c-format msgid "More than 64 MB RAM" msgstr "大于 64 MB 内存" #. Tag: para #: preparing.xml:2172 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Linux Kernel cannot always detect what amount of RAM you have. If this " "is the case please look at ." msgstr "" "Linux 内核有时不能检测出您系统中的内存大小。如果这正符合您的情况，请参阅一下" "。"