# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2006-12-29 10:24+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-09-29 13:56+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Ji YongGang<jungle@soforge.com>\n"
"Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb <debian-chinese-gb@lists.debian.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:5
#, no-c-format
msgid "Next Steps and Where to Go From Here"
msgstr "下一步该干什么"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:13
#, no-c-format
msgid "Shutting down the system"
msgstr "关闭系统"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:15
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To shut down a running Linux system, you must not reboot with the reset "
"switch on the front or back of your computer, or just turn off the computer. "
"Linux should be shut down in a controlled manner, otherwise files might get "
"lost and/or disk damage might occur. If you run a desktop environment, there "
"is usually an option to <quote>log out</quote> available from the "
"application menu that allows you to shutdown (or reboot) the system."
msgstr ""
"关闭一个运行着的 Linux 系统，不要使用计算机前面或后面的 reset 开关重启，或者"
"直接关闭计算机。Linux 应该使用可控的过程关闭，否则会造成文件丢失或/和磁盘损"
"坏。假如您运行了桌面环境，通常会有一个 <quote>log out</quote> 选项位于应用程"
"序菜单让您关闭(或者重启)系统。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:25
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternatively you can press the key combination <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</"
"keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Del</keycap> </keycombo> <phrase arch="
"\"powerpc;m68k\"> or <keycombo> <keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Shift</"
"keycap> <keycap>Power</keycap> </keycombo> on Macintosh systems</phrase>. A "
"last option is to log in as root and type one of the commands "
"<command>poweroff</command>, <command>halt</command> or <command>shutdown -h "
"now</command> if either of the key combinations do not work or you prefer to "
"type commands; use <command>reboot</command> to reboot the system."
msgstr ""
"另外您可以按下组合键 <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> "
"<keycap>Del</keycap> </keycombo> <phrase arch=\"powerpc;m68k\"> 或 "
"<keycombo> <keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Shift</keycap> <keycap>Power</"
"keycap> </keycombo> 于 Macintosh 系统上</phrase>。最后一个选项是用 root 登"
"录，执行 <command>poweroff</command>、<command>halt</command> 或 "
"<command>shutdown -h now</command> 中的一个命令，这在组合键不起作用或者您喜欢"
"敲命令时使用；<command>reboot</command> 可以重启系统。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:46
#, no-c-format
msgid "If You Are New to Unix"
msgstr "如果您不熟悉 Unix"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:47
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and do "
"some reading. A lot of valuable information can also be found in the <ulink "
"url=\"&url-debian-reference;\">Debian Reference</ulink>. This <ulink url="
"\"&url-unix-faq;\">list of Unix FAQs</ulink> contains a number of UseNet "
"documents which provide a nice historical reference."
msgstr ""
"如果您不熟悉 Unix，您也许应该出去买些书来读。还可以从 <ulink url=\"&url-"
"debian-reference;\">Debian Reference</ulink> 找到到大量有用的信息。<ulink "
"url=\"&url-unix-faq;\">Unix 常见问题解答</ulink> 中包含了大量的 Usenet 文档，"
"它提供过去很有用的参考。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:55
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Linux is an implementation of Unix. The <ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux "
"Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink> collects a number of HOWTOs and online "
"books relating to Linux. Most of these documents can be installed locally; "
"just install the <classname>doc-linux-html</classname> package (HTML "
"versions) or the <classname>doc-linux-text</classname> package (ASCII "
"versions), then look in <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename>. "
"International versions of the LDP HOWTOs are also available as Debian "
"packages."
msgstr ""
"Linux 是 Unix 的一种实现。<ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux 文档计划 (LDP)</"
"ulink> 收集了大量的 HOWTO 和 Linux 的在线书籍。这些文档绝大部分可以在本地安"
"装；只要安装 <classname>doc-linux-html</classname> 包(HTML 版本)或者 "
"<classname>doc-linux-text</classname>包(ASCII 版本)，然后在 <filename>/usr/"
"share/doc/HOWTO</filename> 里面就能找到。在 Debian 软件包里面也提供 LDP "
"HOWTO 的国际化版本。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:76
#, no-c-format
msgid "Orienting Yourself to Debian"
msgstr "让您自己转向 Debian"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:77
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Debian is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're "
"familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you should know "
"about Debian to help you to keep your system in a good, clean state. This "
"chapter contains material to help you get oriented; it is not intended to be "
"a tutorial for how to use Debian, but just a very brief glimpse of the "
"system for the very rushed."
msgstr ""
"Debian 和其它的发行版有些不同。即使您熟悉其它发行版的 Linux，您也应该了解 "
"Debian 的一些东西，以便保持您的系统处在整洁良好的状态。本章包的材料可以帮助您"
"转向；但这并不是一个如何使用 Debian 的入门指南，而仅仅是对整个系统的一个粗略"
"的介绍。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:88
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian Packaging System"
msgstr "Debian 软件包系统"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:89
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The most important concept to grasp is the Debian packaging system. In "
"essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control "
"of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> "
"<filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </"
"para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make "
"<filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </"
"itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</"
"filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</"
"classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get "
"around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</"
"command>."
msgstr ""
"要掌握的最重要概念是 Debian 的软件包系统。事实上，您系统的绝大部分都应该由软"
"件包系统来控制。包括：<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>/usr</"
"filename> (除了 <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (您可以创建 <filename>/var/local</"
"filename>，在那里面进行安全的操作) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> "
"<filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/"
"sbin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/lib</"
"filename> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> 例如，如果您替换了 <filename>/"
"usr/bin/perl</filename>，它可以正常工作，但以后升级了您的 <classname>perl</"
"classname> 软件包，那个文件仍将被替换回来。有经验的用户可以将软件包设置为 "
"<quote>hold</quote>状态，以避免这种情况，这需要使用 <command>aptitude</"
"command>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:130
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line "
"version <command>apt-get</command> or full-screen text version "
"<application>aptitude</application>. Note apt will also let you merge main, "
"contrib, and non-free so you can have export-restricted packages as well as "
"standard versions."
msgstr ""
"apt 是最好的安装方法之一。您可以使用命令行模式的 <command>apt-get</command> "
"或者全屏幕文本模式的 <application>aptitude</application>。注意 apt 也可以让您"
"合并 main，contrib 以及 non-free 版本的软件包，从而使您可以在使用标准版本的同"
"时使用限制出口的软件包。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:141
#, no-c-format
msgid "Application Version Management"
msgstr "应用程序版本管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:142
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If "
"you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-"
"alternatives man page."
msgstr ""
"可选版本的应用程序可以通过 update-alternatives 来管理。如果您维护着多个版本的"
"应用程序，请参阅 update-alternatives 的 man 手册。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:152
#, no-c-format
msgid "Cron Job Management"
msgstr "定时任务管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:153
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in "
"<filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a "
"root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/"
"cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/"
"etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes "
"them."
msgstr ""
"任何系统管理员权限内的任务都必须位于 <filename>/etc</filename> 内，这是因为它"
"们都是配置文件。如果您有一些需要以管理员身份每天(daily)，每周(weekly)或每月"
"(monthly)运行的定时任务，请将它们放置在 <filename>/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,"
"monthly}</filename> 中。它们将在 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> 中被激活，"
"然后按照文件名的字典顺序依次运行。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:162
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special "
"user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either "
"<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/"
"whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that "
"allows you to stipulate the user account under which the cron job runs."
msgstr ""
"另一方面，如果您有某个定时任务需要以某个特定的用户身份运行，或者需要在某个特"
"定时刻或以特定周期运行，您或者可以使用 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> 或 "
"<filename>/etc/cron.d/whatever</filename>，而后者会更好一些。这些特殊的文件可"
"以包含一个额外的域，允许您指定运行该定时任务的用户帐户。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:171
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them "
"automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more "
"information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/"
"README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在任何情况下，您只需编辑这些文件，cron 将会自动处理它们。没有必要再运行某个特"
"殊的命令。欲了解更多的信息，请参阅 cron(8)，crontab(5)，以及 <filename>/usr/"
"share/doc/cron/README.Debian</filename>。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:186
#, no-c-format
msgid "Further Reading and Information"
msgstr "更多信息"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:187
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you need information about a particular program, you should first try "
"<userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or "
"<userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>."
msgstr ""
"如果您想查阅某个程序的更详细资料，应该先试试 <userinput>man <replaceable>程序"
"名称</replaceable></userinput>，或者 <userinput>info <replaceable>程序名称</"
"replaceable></userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:193
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is lots of useful documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> "
"as well. In particular, <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename> and "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</filename> contain lots of interesting "
"information. To submit bugs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</"
"filename>. To read about Debian-specific issues for particular programs, "
"look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在 <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> 目录里有很多有用的文档，特别是 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename>和 <filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</"
"filename> 里有很多值得一读的文章。如果您想提交错误报告，请先查阅这些文件： "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</filename>。针对某个程序，其有关于 "
"Debian 的内容可以查阅文件： <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README."
"Debian</filename>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:204
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian web site</ulink> contains a "
"large quantity of documentation about Debian. In particular, see the <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> and the "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference\">Debian "
"Reference</ulink>. An index of more Debian documentation is available from "
"the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian Documentation "
"Project</ulink>. The Debian community is self-supporting; to subscribe to "
"one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the <ulink url=\"http://www."
"debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</ulink> page. "
"Last, but not least, the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/\">Debian "
"Mailing List Archives</ulink> contain a wealth of information on Debian."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian 网站</ulink> 上有大量的 "
"Debian 相关文档。尤其要看看 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/"
"\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/"
"user-manuals#quick-reference\">Debian Reference</ulink>。更多的 Debian 文档位"
"于 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian Documentation "
"Project</ulink>。Debian 社区是靠用户们自己的力量支撑起来的; 如果您想要订阅 "
"Debian 的邮件列表，请访问 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/"
"subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</ulink> 页面。最后，相当重要的，<ulink "
"url=\"http://lists.debian.org/\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> 包含了 "
"Debian 丰富的信息。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:222
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the <ulink url=\"http://www."
"tldp.org/\">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There you will find the "
"HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/"
"Linux system."
msgstr ""
"在 GNU/Linux 世界里，最常用的文档资料来源是： <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp."
"org/\">Linux 文档计划项目</ulink>。在这里您可以找到有关于 GNU/Linux 系统各个"
"部分的 非常有价值的 HOWTO 文档以及其他指导。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:238
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Up Your System To Use E-Mail"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:239
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Today, email is an important part of many people's life. As there are many "
"options as to how to set it up, and as having it set up correctly is "
"important for some Debian utilities, we will try to cover the basics in this "
"section."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:246
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There are three main functions that make up an e-mail system. First there is "
"the <firstterm>Mail User Agent</firstterm> (MUA) which is the program a user "
"actually uses to compose and read mails. Then there is the <firstterm>Mail "
"Transfer Agent</firstterm> (MTA) that takes care of transferring messages "
"from one computer to another. And last there is the <firstterm>Mail Delivery "
"Agent</firstterm> (MDA) that takes care of delivering incoming mail to the "
"user's inbox."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:256
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These three functions can be performed by separate programs, but they can "
"also be combined in one or two programs. It is also possible to have "
"different programs handle these functions for different types of mail."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:262
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"On Linux and Unix systems <command>mutt</command> is historically a very "
"popular MUA. Like most traditional Linux programs it is text based. It is "
"often used in combination with <command>exim</command> or <command>sendmail</"
"command> as MTA and <command>procmail</command> as MDA."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:269
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With the increasing popularity of graphical desktop systems, the use of "
"graphical e-mail programs like GNOME's <command>evolution</command>, KDE's "
"<command>kmail</command> or Mozilla's <command>thunderbird</command> (in "
"Debian available as <command>icedove</command><footnote> <para> The reason "
"that <command>thunderbird</command> has been renamed to <command>icedove</"
"command> in Debian has to do with licencing issues. Details are outside the "
"scope of this manual. </para> </footnote>) is becoming more popular. These "
"programs combine the function of a MUA, MTA and MDA, but can &mdash; and "
"often are &mdash; also be used in combination with the traditional Linux "
"tools."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:289
#, no-c-format
msgid "Default E-Mail Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:290
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even if you are planning to use a graphical mail program, it is important "
"that a traditional MTA/MDA is also installed and correctly set up on your "
"Linux system. Reason is that various utilities running on the "
"system<footnote> <para> Examples are: <command>cron</command>, "
"<command>quota</command>, <command>logcheck</command>, <command>aide</"
"command>, &hellip; </para> </footnote> can send important notices by e-mail "
"to inform the system administrator of (potential) problems or changes."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:305
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For this reason the packages <classname>exim4</classname> and "
"<classname>mutt</classname> will be installed by default (provided you did "
"not unselect the <quote>standard</quote> task during the installation). "
"<classname>exim4</classname> is a combination MTA/MDA that is relatively "
"small but very flexible. By default it will be configured to only handle e-"
"mail local to the system itself and e-mails addressed to the system "
"administrator (root account) will be delivered to the regular user account "
"created during the installation<footnote> <para> The forwarding of mail for "
"root to the regular user account is configured in <filename>/etc/aliases</"
"filename>. If no regular user account was created, the mail will of course "
"be delivered to the root account itself. </para> </footnote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:324
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When system e-mails are delivered they are added to a file in <filename>/var/"
"mail/<replaceable>account_name</replaceable></filename>. The e-mails can be "
"read using <command>mutt</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:334
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sending E-Mails Outside The System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:335
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As mentioned earlier, the installed Debian system is only set up to handle e-"
"mail local to the system, not for sending mail to others nor for receiving "
"mail from others."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:341
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you would like <classname>exim4</classname> to handle external e-mail, "
"please refer to the next subsection for the basic available configuration "
"options. Make sure to test that mail can be sent and received correctly."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:347
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you intend to use a graphical mail program and use a mail server of your "
"Internet Service Provider (ISP) or your company, there is not really any "
"need to configure <classname>exim4</classname> for handling external e-mail. "
"Just configure your favorite graphical mail program to use the correct "
"servers to send and receive e-mail (how is outside the scope of this manual)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:356
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"However, in that case you may need to configure individual utilities to "
"correctly send e-mails. One such utility is <command>reportbug</command>, a "
"program that facilitates submitting bug reports against Debian packages. By "
"default it expects to be able to use <classname>exim4</classname> to submit "
"bug reports."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:364
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To correctly set up <command>reportbug</command> to use an external mail "
"server, please run the command <command>reportbug --configure</command> and "
"answer <quote>no</quote> to the question if an MTA is available. You will "
"then be asked for the SMTP server to be used for submitting bug reports."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:375
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Exim4 Mail Transport Agent"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:376
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you would like your system to also handle external e-mail, you will need "
"to reconfigure the <classname>exim4</classname> package<footnote> <para> You "
"can of course also remove <classname>exim4</classname> and replace it with "
"an alternative MTA/MDA. </para> </footnote>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: post-install.xml:388
#, no-c-format
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:390
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After entering that command (as root), you will be asked if you want split "
"the configuration into small files. If you are unsure, select the default "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:396
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Next you will be presented with several common mail scenarios. Choose the "
"one that most closely resembles your needs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:405
#, no-c-format
msgid "internet site"
msgstr "互联网站"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:406
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Your system is connected to a network and your mail is sent and received "
"directly using SMTP. On the following screens you will be asked a few basic "
"questions, like your machine's mail name, or a list of domains for which you "
"accept or relay mail."
msgstr ""
"您的系统被连接到网络上，并且您通过 SMTP 直接收发邮件。在接下来的几页中，程序"
"会询问您一些基本问题，如：您的机器的邮件名称、您接受或转发邮件的域等等。"

#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:417
#, no-c-format
msgid "mail sent by smarthost"
msgstr "用 smarthost 发信"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:418
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this scenario your outgoing mail is forwarded to another machine, called "
"a <quote>smarthost</quote>, which does the actual job for you. The smarthost "
"also usually stores incoming mail addressed to your computer, so you don't "
"need to be permanently online. That also means you have to download your "
"mail from the smarthost via programs like fetchmail."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:427
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In a lot of cases the smarthost will be your ISP's mail server, which makes "
"this option very suitable for dial-up users. It can also be a company mail "
"server, or even another system on your own network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:437
#, no-c-format
msgid "mail sent by smarthost; no local mail"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:438
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This option is basically the same as the previous one except that the system "
"will not be set up to handle mail for a local e-mail domain. Mail on the "
"system itself (e.g. for the system administrator) will still be handled."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:449
#, no-c-format
msgid "local delivery only"
msgstr "仅在本地投递"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:450
#, no-c-format
msgid "This is the option your system is configured for by default."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: post-install.xml:458
#, no-c-format
msgid "no configuration at this time"
msgstr "现在不进行配置"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:459
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Choose this if you are absolutely convinced you know what you are doing. "
"This will leave you with an unconfigured mail system &mdash; until you "
"configure it, you won't be able to send or receive any mail and you may miss "
"some important messages from your system utilities."
msgstr ""
"除非您真的知道这是在干什么，否则请不要选择这一选项。这会留下一个未配置的邮件"
"系统 &mdash; 在您再次配置它之前，您都无法收发任何邮件，并且可能会错过一些系统"
"工具发来的重要信息。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:470
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If none of these scenarios suits your needs, or if you need a finer grained "
"setup, you will need to edit configuration files under the <filename>/etc/"
"exim4</filename> directory after the installation is complete. More "
"information about <classname>exim4</classname> may be found under <filename>/"
"usr/share/doc/exim4</filename>; the file <filename>README.Debian.gz</"
"filename> has additional details about configuring <classname>exim4</"
"classname>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:480
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that sending mail directly to the Internet when you don't have an "
"official domain name, can result in your mail being rejected because of anti-"
"spam measures on receiving servers. Using your ISP's mail server is "
"preferred. If you still do want to send out mail directly, you may want to "
"use a different e-mail address than is generated by default. If you use "
"<classname>exim4</classname> as your MTA, this is possible by adding an "
"entry in <filename>/etc/email-addresses</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:498
#, no-c-format
msgid "Compiling a New Kernel"
msgstr "编译新内核"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:499
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is often not necessary "
"since the default kernel shipped with Debian handles most configurations. "
"Also, Debian often offers several alternative kernels. So you may want to "
"check first if there is an alternative kernel image package that better "
"corresponds to your hardware. However, it can be useful to compile a new "
"kernel in order to:"
msgstr ""
"为什么有些人想要编译新内核? Debian 自带的默认内核已经包含了绝大部分配置，所以"
"编译新内核并不是必需的。并且，Debian 提供了多个内核供选择。所以您应该先确认一"
"下，有没有适合您硬件的内核映像软件包存在。然而，基于下列理由，编译新内核还是"
"很有用的："

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:509
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"handle special hardware needs, or hardware conflicts with the pre-supplied "
"kernels"
msgstr "支持某些特殊的硬件，或者默认的内核配置和某些硬件冲突"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:515
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"use options of the kernel which are not supported in the pre-supplied "
"kernels (such as high memory support)"
msgstr "使用某些不为所提供的内核支持的选项 (例如，支持 high memory)"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:521
#, no-c-format
msgid "optimize the kernel by removing useless drivers to speed up boot time"
msgstr "通过删除无用的驱动程序来优化内核，以减少启动时间"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:526
#, no-c-format
msgid "create a monolithic instead of a modularized kernel"
msgstr "创建整体的而不是模块化的内核"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:531
#, no-c-format
msgid "run an updated or development kernel"
msgstr "运行最新的内核或开发中的内核"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:536
#, no-c-format
msgid "learn more about linux kernels"
msgstr "深入了解 linux 内核"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:545
#, no-c-format
msgid "Kernel Image Management"
msgstr "内核映象管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:546
#, no-c-format
msgid "Don't be afraid to try compiling the kernel. It's fun and profitable."
msgstr "不要害怕尝试编译内核。它很有趣而且很合算。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:550
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To compile a kernel the Debian way, you need some packages: "
"<classname>fakeroot</classname>, <classname>kernel-package</classname>, "
"<classname>linux-source-2.6</classname> and a few others which are probably "
"already installed (see <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</"
"filename> for the complete list)."
msgstr ""
"为了以 Debian 的方式编译内核，您需要一些软件包： <classname>fakeroot</"
"classname>，<classname>kernel-package</classname>，<classname>linux-source-"
"2.6</classname> 以及其它一些可能已经安装过的软件包(完整的列表请参阅 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</filename>)。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:559
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This method will make a .deb of your kernel source, and, if you have non-"
"standard modules, make a synchronized dependent .deb of those too. It's a "
"better way to manage kernel images; <filename>/boot</filename> will hold the "
"kernel, the System.map, and a log of the active config file for the build."
msgstr ""
"此方法将从您的内核源码创建一个 .deb 文件，并且，如果您有非标准模块，将同时创"
"建它们的同步依赖 .deb 文件。这是一个管理内核的较好的方法； <filename>/boot</"
"filename> 目录将保存内核，System.map，以及当前编译的活动配置文件的日志。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:567
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that you don't <emphasis>have</emphasis> to compile your kernel the "
"<quote>Debian way</quote>; but we find that using the packaging system to "
"manage your kernel is actually safer and easier. In fact, you can get your "
"kernel sources right from Linus instead of <classname>linux-source-2.6</"
"classname>, yet still use the <classname>kernel-package</classname> "
"compilation method."
msgstr ""
"注意，您不一定<emphasis>要</emphasis>以 <quote>Debian 方式</quote>编译内核；"
"但我们发现使用软件包系统来管理您的内核，确实可以更加安全和易用。事实上，您可"
"以直接从 Linus 那里而非 <classname>linux-source-2.6</classname> 得到内核源"
"码，并仍使用 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 的编译方法。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:576
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that you'll find complete documentation on using <classname>kernel-"
"package</classname> under <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</"
"filename>. This section just contains a brief tutorial."
msgstr ""
"注意您可以找到完整的文档，通过使用 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 它"
"在 <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>里。本节只包含一个简单的"
"入门指南。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:583
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hereafter, we'll assume you have free rein over your machine and will "
"extract your kernel source to somewhere in your home directory<footnote> "
"<para> There are other locations where you can extract kernel sources and "
"build your custom kernel, but this is easiest as it does not require special "
"permissions. </para> </footnote>. We'll also assume that your kernel version "
"is &kernelversion;. Make sure you are in the directory to where you want to "
"unpack the kernel sources, extract them using <userinput>tar xjf /usr/src/"
"linux-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2</userinput> and change to the directory "
"<filename>linux-source-&kernelversion;</filename> that will have been "
"created."
msgstr ""
"此后，我们假设您具有操作您机器的权力，可以将内核源码解压到您的 home 目录"
"<footnote> <para> 可以在其他目录解开内核源码并编译自定义内核，但是不需要额外"
"的权限是最简单的方式。</para> </footnote>。我们还假设您的内核版本是 "
"\"&kernelversion;。确定您处于打算解开内核源码的目录，然后使用 <userinput>tar "
"xjf /usr/src/linux-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2</userinput> 解压，并进入 "
"<filename>linux-source-&kernelversion;</filename> 刚才创建的目录。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:603
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now, you can configure your kernel. Run <userinput>make xconfig</userinput> "
"if X11 is installed, configured and being run; run <userinput>make "
"menuconfig</userinput> otherwise (you'll need <classname>libncurses5-dev</"
"classname> installed). Take the time to read the online help and choose "
"carefully. When in doubt, it is typically better to include the device "
"driver (the software which manages hardware peripherals, such as Ethernet "
"cards, SCSI controllers, and so on) you are unsure about. Be careful: other "
"options, not related to a specific hardware, should be left at the default "
"value if you do not understand them. Do not forget to select <quote>Kernel "
"module loader</quote> in <quote>Loadable module support</quote> (it is not "
"selected by default). If not included, your Debian installation will "
"experience problems."
msgstr ""
"现在，您可以开始配置您的内核了。如果您已经安装配置好，并正在运行 X11，请执行 "
"<userinput>make xconfig</userinput>；否则请执行 <userinput>make menuconfig</"
"userinput>(必须已经安装好 <classname>libncurses5-dev</classname>)。请花点时间"
"阅读在线帮助并仔细地作选择。如果有疑问，通常来说包含您所不确定的 设备驱动程"
"序 (用来管理硬件外设的软件，例如以太网卡，SCSI 控制器等) 会比较好一点。注意："
"对于与特殊硬件无关的其它选项，如果您不了解它们，最好保持默认值。不要忘记选择 "
"<quote>Kernel module loader</quote> 中的 <quote>Loadable module support</"
"quote> (它们默认并没有被选择)。否则，您的 Debian 安装将会遇到问题。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:618
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Clean the source tree and reset the <classname>kernel-package</classname> "
"parameters. To do that, do <userinput>make-kpkg clean</userinput>."
msgstr ""
"清除源码树并复原 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 参数。也就是使用 "
"<userinput>make-kpkg clean</userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:623
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now, compile the kernel: <userinput>fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --"
"revision=custom.1.0 kernel_image</userinput>. The version number of "
"<quote>1.0</quote> can be changed at will; this is just a version number "
"that you will use to track your kernel builds. Likewise, you can put any "
"word you like in place of <quote>custom</quote> (e.g., a host name). Kernel "
"compilation may take quite a while, depending on the power of your machine."
msgstr ""
"现在，开始编译内核： <userinput>fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --"
"revision=custom.1.0 kernel_image</userinput>。其中版本号 <quote>1.0</quote> "
"可以随便您修改；它仅是一个用来跟踪您的内核编译的版本号。同样地，您也可以用任"
"何您喜欢的词替换 <quote>custom</quote> (例如，主机名称)。编译内核可能要花费较"
"长的时间，这取决于您的机器的性能。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:633
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once the compilation is complete, you can install your custom kernel like "
"any package. As root, do <userinput>dpkg -i ../linux-image-&kernelversion;-"
"<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb</"
"userinput>. The <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable> part is an "
"optional sub-architecture, <phrase arch=\"i386\"> such as <quote>686</"
"quote>, </phrase> depending on what kernel options you set. <userinput>dpkg -"
"i</userinput> will install the kernel, along with some other nice supporting "
"files. For instance, the <filename>System.map</filename> will be properly "
"installed (helpful for debugging kernel problems), and <filename>/boot/"
"config-&kernelversion;</filename> will be installed, containing your current "
"configuration set. Your new kernel package is also clever enough to "
"automatically update your boot loader to use the new kernel. If you have "
"created a modules package, you'll need to install that package as well."
msgstr ""
"一旦编译完成，您就可以像安装其它软件包一样安装定制的内核。以 root 身份，执行 "
"<userinput>dpkg -i ../linux-image-&kernelversion;-"
"<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb</"
"userinput>。其中 <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable> 部分是一个可选的"
"子结构，<phrase arch=\"i386\">例如 <quote>686</quote>，</phrase>这取决于您所"
"设置的内核选项。<userinput>dpkg -i</userinput> 将安装内核以及其它的一些支持文"
"件。例如，<filename>System.map</filename> 可能会被安装(用来辅助调试内核问"
"题)，<filename>/boot/config-&kernelversion;</filename> 也将被安装，它包含了您"
"当前的配置。新的内核软件包将会自动地更新系统上的启动引导器，让它使用新内核。"
"如果您创建了一个模块软件包，也要同时安装该软件包。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:653
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is time to reboot the system: read carefully any warning that the above "
"step may have produced, then <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput>."
msgstr ""
"下面到了重启系统的时刻了；请仔细阅读前述步骤所产生的所有警告信息，然后执行 "
"<userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:658
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more information on Debian kernels and kernel compilation, see the "
"<ulink url=\"&url-kernel-handbook;\">Debian Linux Kernel Handbook</ulink>. "
"For more information on <classname>kernel-package</classname>, read the fine "
"documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>."
msgstr ""
"要了解 Debian 内核与编译内核的更多信息，清参阅 <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-"
"handbook;\">Debian Linux Kernel Handbook</ulink>。欲获得关于 "
"<classname>kernel-package</classname> 的更多信息，有一份很好的文档 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:674
#, no-c-format
msgid "Recovering a Broken System"
msgstr "修复损坏的系统"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:675
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no "
"longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying "
"out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps "
"cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in <filename>/sbin/init</"
"filename>. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to have a system to work "
"from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful for this."
msgstr ""
"有时候，会遇到一些麻烦，您小心翼翼安装的系统无法启动。可能是由于调整启动加载"
"程序时损坏了配置文件，\n"
"或者新准备的内核无法启动，或者宇宙射线撞击了您的硬盘造成 <filename>/sbin/"
"init</filename>\n"
"中的一位反转。无论什么原因，修复时您都需要一个可以工作的系统，rescue 模式正好"
"用于此目的。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:685
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To access rescue mode, type <userinput>rescue</userinput> at the "
"<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, or boot with the <userinput>rescue/"
"enable=true</userinput> boot parameter. You'll be shown the first few "
"screens of the installer, with a note in the corner of the display to "
"indicate that this is rescue mode, not a full installation. Don't worry, "
"your system is not about to be overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes "
"advantage of the hardware detection facilities available in the installer to "
"ensure that your disks, network devices, and so on are available to you "
"while repairing your system."
msgstr ""
"要进入 rescue 模式，请再 <prompt>boot:</prompt> 提示符后键入 "
"<userinput>rescue</userinput>，\n"
"或者启动时给给引导参数加上 <userinput>rescue/enable=true</userinput>。\n"
"您会看到安装程序的前几个画面，并再显示器的角落里面提示处于 rescue 模式，而不"
"是完整安装。\n"
"别担心，您的系统不会被覆盖! rescue 模式只是借助安装程序强大的硬件探测能力，确"
"保修复系统的时候\n"
"硬盘，网络设备等等可以使用。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:700
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of "
"the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, "
"you should select the partition containing the root file system that you "
"need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as "
"those created directly on disks."
msgstr ""
"取代分区工具的，是显示您系统上的分区列表，并请您选择。通常，您应该选择修复包"
"含 root 文件系统的分区。\n"
"您也可以选择 RAID 和 LVM 设备上的分区，与直接在磁盘上创建一样。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:708
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the "
"file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary "
"repairs. <phrase arch=\"x86\"> For example, if you need to reinstall the "
"GRUB boot loader into the master boot record of the first hard disk, you "
"could enter the command <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput> to do "
"so. </phrase>"
msgstr ""
"如可能，安装程序将在您选择的文件系统上给您一个 shell 提示符，通过它可以执行一"
"些必要的修复操作。<phrase arch=\"x86\">例如，如果您需要在第一个硬盘的主引导区"
"重装 GRUB 引导程序，您可以通过输入这个命令 <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</"
"userinput>。</phrase>"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:720
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you "
"selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a "
"warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. "
"You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will "
"often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you "
"selected will be mounted on the <filename>/target</filename> directory."
msgstr ""
"假如安装程序在您选择的 root 文件系统上不能运行一个可用的 shell，这可能是因为"
"文件系统已经损坏，\n"
"那么将发出警告，并通过安装程序的环境提供一个 shell。您在这个环境下可能没有丰"
"富的工具可用，\n"
"但足以应付系统修复工作。您选择的 root 文件系统将挂载到 <filename>/target</"
"filename> 目录。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:729
#, no-c-format
msgid "In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot."
msgstr "无论哪种情况，退出 shell 之后，系统将重启。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:733
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this "
"manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong "
"or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert."
msgstr ""
"最后，要注意修复一个损坏的系统可能非常困难，在这份手册里面不会列举所有的情况"
"和修复方法。\n"
"如果您遇到困难，请咨询专家。"