# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-10 00:13+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-05-03 12:16+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Ji YongGang\n" "Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Obtaining System Installation Media" msgstr "获取系统安装介质" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:12 #, no-c-format msgid "Official &debian; CD-ROM Sets" msgstr "官方的 &debian; 光盘套装" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:13 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By far the easiest way to install &debian; is from an Official Debian CD-ROM " "Set. You can buy a set from a vendor (see the CD vendors page). You may also download the CD-ROM images " "from a Debian mirror and make your own set, if you have a fast network " "connection and a CD burner (see the Debian CD " "page for detailed instructions). If you have a Debian CD set and CDs " "are bootable on your machine, you can skip right to ; much effort has been expended to ensure the files most people " "need are there on the CD. Although a full set of binary packages requires " "several CDs, it is unlikely you will need packages on the third CD and " "above. You may also consider using the DVD version, which saves a lot of " "space on your shelf and you avoid the CD shuffling marathon." msgstr "" "目前安装 &debian; 最容易的方法是使用官方的 Debian CD-ROM 套件。您可以从一个销" "售商处购买(参见CD 销售商)。如" "果您有快速的网络连接和光盘刻录机的话,也可以从 Debian 镜像站点下载 CD-ROM 映" "像然后自行刻录光盘(具体参见 Debian CD 页)。如果您有一套 Debian 的 CD 套件并且能在机器上引导这些 CD 盘,可以直接" "跳至 。我们已经做了很多努力来确保 CD 中已经" "包含了大多数人所需要的文件。尽管一整套预编译的二进制软件包需要好几张 CD 盘," "但是您可能不会用到第三张 CD 盘以后的内容。也可以考虑使用 DVD 版本,这将为您的" "书架节约很多光盘存放空间,并且可以避免马拉松式地切换 CD。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:30 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine doesn't support CD booting, but you do have a CD set, you " "can use an alternative strategy such as floppy disk, tape, emulated tape, hard disk, usb stick, net boot, or manually loading the kernel from the CD to " "initially boot the system installer. The files you need for booting by " "another means are also on the CD; the Debian network archive and CD folder " "organization are identical. So when archive file paths are given below for " "particular files you need for booting, look for those files in the same " "directories and subdirectories on your CD." msgstr "" "如果您的机器不支持 CD 盘引导,但是您有一套 CD 光盘套件,可以使用其他的方法比" "如:软盘、 磁带、磁带仿真、 硬盘、" " U 盘、 网络引导, 或者从 CD 中手工装载内核来初" "始化系统安装程序。CD 已经包含了通过其他方法引导所需要的文件;Debian 的网络存" "档和 CD 的文件夹组织方式是一致的。因此如果后面有给出的用于引导的特定存档文件" "路径时,请在 CD 中同样的文件目录和子目录下查找它们。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:52 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once the installer is booted, it will be able to obtain all the other files " "it needs from the CD." msgstr "一旦安装程序被引导,它将能够获得 CD 中其他所有必需的文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:57 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you don't have a CD set, then you will need to download the installer " "system files and place them on the installation tape floppy disk or " "hard disk or usb stick or a " "connected computer so they can be used to boot the installer." msgstr "" "如果您没有 CD 光盘套件,则需要下载安装程序系统文件并且把它们放到:安装磁带 软" "盘或 硬盘或 U 盘或 一台连网的计算机上,然后它们可以被用来引导安装程序。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:83 #, no-c-format msgid "Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors" msgstr "从 Debian 镜像服务器下载文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:85 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To find the nearest (and thus probably the fastest) mirror, see the list of Debian mirrors." msgstr "" "选择离您较近的(因此很可能也是最快的)镜像服务器,请参见 Debian 镜像列表。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:90 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When downloading files from a Debian mirror using FTP, be sure to download " "the files in binary mode, not text or automatic mode." msgstr "" "当使用 FTP 从 Debian 镜像服务器下载文件的时候,请确认下载的文件是处于" "二进制模式,而不是文本或者自动模式。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:98 #, no-c-format msgid "Where to Find Installation Images" msgstr "在哪里能找到安装映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:100 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installation images are located on each Debian mirror in the directory " "debian/dists/&releasename;/main/" "installer-&architecture;/current/images/ — the MANIFEST lists each image " "and its purpose." msgstr "" "安装映像位于每一个 Debian 镜像的 debian/dists/&releasename;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images/MANIFEST 文件列出了每一个映像及其用途。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:112 #, no-c-format msgid "Alpha Installation Files" msgstr "Alpha 的安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:113 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you choose to boot from ARC console firmware using MILO, you will also need to prepare a disk containing MILO and LINLOAD.EXE from the provided disk images. " "See for more information on Alpha " "firmware and boot loaders. The floppy images can be found in the " "MILO directory as " "milo_subarchitecture.bin." msgstr "" "如果您选择通过 MILO 来从 ARC 控制台固件引导,就需要从所提" "供的磁盘映像中准备一张载有 MILOLINLOAD.EXE 的磁盘。有关 Alpha 固件和启动引导器的更多信息请参见 。软盘映像可以在 MILO 目录下找到。" "其形式为: milo_subarchitecture.bin。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:124 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Unfortunately, these MILO images could not be tested and " "might not work for all subarchitectures. If you find it doesn't work for " "you, try copying the appropriate MILO binary onto the " "floppy (). " "Note that those MILOs don't support ext2 sparse " "superblocks, so you can't use them to load kernels from newly " "generated ext2 file systems. As a workaround, you can put your kernel onto " "the FAT partition next to the MILO." msgstr "" "抱歉的是,这些 MILO 映像文件未经过足够的测试,也许并不是在" "所有的子体系下都能正常运行。如果您发现它不能运行,请尝试将合适的 " "MILO 二进制文件拷贝到软盘中()。注意,这些 MILO 不" "支持 ext2 的sparse superblocks,因此您不能从新生成的 ext2 文件" "系统中装载内核。作为一个变通方法,您可以把内核放到 FAT 分区中,紧跟着 " "MILO。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:136 #, no-c-format msgid "" "MILO binaries are platform-specific. See to determine the appropriate MILO image " "for your Alpha platform." msgstr "" "MILO 的二进制文件是依赖于具体平台的,请参见 来确认哪一个 MILO 映象适用于您的 Alpha 平" "台。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:151 #, no-c-format msgid "NSLU2 Installation Files" msgstr "NSLU2 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:152 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A firmware image is provided for the Linksys NSLU2 which will automatically " "boot debian-installer. This image can be uploaded via " "the Linksys web frontend or with upslug2. This firmware image can be " "obtained from &nslu2-firmware-img;." msgstr "" "用于 Linksys NSLU2 的固件映像将自动引导 debian-installer。该映象可以用 Linksys web 前端或 upslug2 加载。固件映像可以从 " "&nslu2-firmware-img; 获得。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:164 #, no-c-format msgid "Thecus N2100 Installation Files" msgstr "Thecus N2100 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:165 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A firmware image is provided for the Thecus N2100 which will automatically " "boot debian-installer. This image can be installed " "using the Thecus firmware upgrade process. This firmware image can be " "obtained from &n2100-firmware-img;." msgstr "" "用于 Linksys NSLU2 的固件映像将自动引导 debian-installer。该映象可以使用 Thecus 固件升级程序安装。固件映像可以从 &nslu2-" "firmware-img; 获得。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:176 #, no-c-format msgid "GLAN Tank Installation Files" msgstr "GLAN Tank 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:177 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The GLAN Tank requires a kernel and ramdisk on an ext2 partition on the disk " "on which you intend to install Debian. These images can be obtained from " "&glantank-firmware-img;." msgstr "" "GLAN Tank 需要内核和 ramdisk,位于您打算安装 Debian 的 ext2 磁盘分区上。这些" "映象可以从 &glantank-firmware-img; 获得。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:187 #, no-c-format msgid "Kurobox Pro Installation Files" msgstr "Kurobox Pro 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:188 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Kurobox Pro requires a kernel and ramdisk on an ext2 partition on the " "disk on which you intend to install Debian. These images can be obtained " "from &kuroboxpro-firmware-img;." msgstr "" "Kurobox Pro 需要内核和 ramdisk,位于您打算安装 Debian 的 ext2 磁盘分区上。这" "些映象可以从 &kuroboxpro-firmware-img; 获得。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:198 #, no-c-format msgid "HP mv2120 Installation Files" msgstr "HP mv2120 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:199 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A firmware image is provided for the HP mv2120 which will automatically boot " "debian-installer. This image can be installed with " "uphpmvault on Linux and other systems and with the HP Media Vault Firmware " "Recovery Utility on Windows. The firmware image can be obtained from &mv2120-" "firmware-img;." msgstr "" "HP mv2120 的固件映象能自动引导 debian-installer。该映" "象在 Linux 和其他系统上可以用 uphpmvault 安装。Windows 上可以使用 HP Media " "Vault Firmware Recovery Utility 安装。可以从 &mv2120-firmware-img; 获得此固件" "映象。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:211 #, no-c-format msgid "QNAP Turbo Station Installation Files" msgstr "QNAP Turbo Station 安装文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:212 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The QNAP Turbo Station (TS-109, TS-209 and TS-409) requires a kernel and " "ramdisk which can be obtained from &qnap-firmware-img;. A script is provided " "to write these images to flash." msgstr "" "QNAP Turbo Station (TS-109, TS-209 和 TS-409) 需要内核和 ramdisk,这些可从 " "&qnap-firmware-img; 获得。有一个脚本用于将这些映象写到 flash 里面。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:258 #, no-c-format msgid "Choosing a Kernel" msgstr "选择一个内核" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:260 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some m68k subarchs have a choice of kernels to install. In general we " "recommend trying the most recent version first. If your subarch or machine " "needs to use a 2.2.x kernel, make sure you choose one of the images that " "supports 2.2.x kernels (see the MANIFEST)." msgstr "" "一些 m68k 子体系可以选择要安装的内核。一般来说我们推荐您首先尝试最新的版本。" "如果您的子体系系统或机器需要使用 2.2.x 版的内核,请确认您选择的是一个支持对应" "内核的映像。(请参见 MANIFEST)。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:269 #, no-c-format msgid "" "All of the m68k images for use with 2.2.x kernels, require the kernel " "parameter &ramdisksize;." msgstr "所有使用 2.2.x 内核的 m68k 的映像都要求使用 &ramdisksize; 内核参数。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:287 #, no-c-format msgid "Creating an IPL tape" msgstr "创建一个 IPL 磁带" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:289 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you can't boot (IPL) from the CD-ROM and you are not using VM you need to " "create an IPL tape first. This is described in section 3.4.3 in the Linux " "for IBM eServer zSeries and S/390: Distributions Redbook. The files " "you need to write to the tape are (in this order): kernel.debian, parmfile.debian and initrd.debian. The files can be downloaded from the tape " "sub-directory, see ." msgstr "" "如果不能从光盘引导(IPL)并且没有使用 VM,您首先就需要创建一个 IPL 磁带。在 " " " "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and S/390: Distributions Redbook 的第 " "3.4.3 节中有描述。您需要写到磁带上的文件是(按顺序): kernel.debianparmfile.debianinitrd.debian。这些文件可以从 tape 子目录下载,请参见 ," #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:313 #, no-c-format msgid "Creating Floppies from Disk Images" msgstr "从软盘映像创建引导软盘" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:314 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Bootable floppy disks are generally used as a last resort to boot the " "installer on hardware that cannot boot from CD or by other means." msgstr "" "可启动的软盘一般被视为是在那些不能从 CD 或其它方式启动的硬件上引导安装程序的" "最后一种方法。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:319 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Booting the installer from floppy disk reportedly fails on Mac USB floppy " "drives." msgstr "有报告说 Mac 上的 USB 软盘驱动器安装程序软盘引导失败。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:324 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Booting the installer from floppy disk is not supported on Amigas or 68k " "Macs." msgstr "Amigas 或者 68k Macs 的安装程序软盘引导也不被支持。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:329 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Disk images are files containing the complete contents of a floppy disk in " "raw form. Disk images, such as boot.img, cannot simply be copied to floppy drives. A special program is " "used to write the image files to floppy disk in raw " "mode. This is required because these images are raw representations of the " "disk; it is required to do a sector copy of the data " "from the file onto the floppy." msgstr "" "软盘映像是一些包含完整的 raw 格式软盘内容的文件。类似 " "boot.img 这样的软盘映像不能直接拷贝到软盘中。有一个特殊" "的程序可以将它们按 raw 模式写入软盘。这是一个必须的步" "骤,因为这些映像文件是一些原始的磁盘保存方式。所以需要把文件的数据" "按扇区拷贝放到软盘中。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:340 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are different techniques for creating floppies from disk images. This " "section describes how to create floppies from disk images on different " "platforms." msgstr "" "有各种不同的技术从软盘映像创建引导软盘。这一节将描述如何在不同平台上用软盘映" "像创建引导软盘。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:346 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you can create the floppies, you will first need to download them " "from one of the Debian mirrors, as explained in . If you already have an installation CD-ROM " "or DVD, the floppy images may also be included on the CD/DVD." msgstr "" "制作软盘之前,您首先需要从 Debian 镜像下载这些文件,见 如果您已经有了安装 CD-ROM 或 " "DVD,软盘映像可能已经包含在 CD/DVD 上面。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:354 #, no-c-format msgid "" "No matter which method you use to create your floppies, you should remember " "to flip the write-protect tab on the floppies once you have written them, to " "ensure they are not damaged unintentionally." msgstr "" "无论您使用何种方法来建立引导软盘,您应该在建立以后记住切换写保护开关,以便确" "保内容不会在无意被抹掉。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:362 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images From a Linux or Unix System" msgstr "从 Linux 或者 Unix 系统写软盘映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:363 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To write the floppy disk image files to the floppy disks, you will probably " "need root access to the system. Place a good, blank floppy in the floppy " "drive. Next, use the command \n" "$ dd if=filename of=/dev/fd0 bs=1024 conv=sync ; " "sync\n" " where filename is one " "of the floppy disk image files. /dev/fd0 is a commonly " "used name of the floppy disk device, it may be different on your " "workstation (on Solaris, it is /dev/fd/0). The command may return to the prompt before Unix has " "finished writing the floppy disk, so look for the disk-in-use light on the " "floppy drive and be sure that the light is out and the disk has stopped " "revolving before you remove it from the drive. On some systems, you'll have " "to run a command to eject the floppy from the drive " "(on Solaris, use eject, see the manual page)." msgstr "" "为了把软盘映像写入软盘,您可能需要系统的 root 访问权限。在软驱中放入一张良好" "的空白软盘,然后使用命令 \n" "$ dd if=filename of=/dev/fd0 bs=1024 conv=sync ; " "sync\n" " 其中 filename 是一个软" "盘映像文件。/dev/fd0 是一个常见的软驱设备名。在您的工作" "站上可能有所不同 (Solaris 系统上是 /dev/" "fd/0)。这个命令也许在写软盘任务结束之前就会返回到命令符" "下。请观察软盘驱动器上面的磁盘使用状态灯,并且确保在您拔出软盘的时候灯已熄" "灭。在某些系统上,您可能需要运行一条命令来弹出软盘 " "(Solaris 系统中使用 eject 命令,请参见其手册)。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:384 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some systems attempt to automatically mount a floppy disk when you place it " "in the drive. You might have to disable this feature before the workstation " "will allow you to write a floppy in raw mode. " "Unfortunately, how to accomplish this will vary based on your operating " "system. On Solaris, you can work around volume " "management to get raw access to the floppy. First, make sure that the floppy " "is auto-mounted (using volcheck or the equivalent command " "in the file manager). Then use a dd command of the form " "given above, just replace /dev/fd0 with /vol/" "rdsk/floppy_name, where " "floppy_name is the name the floppy disk was given " "when it was formatted (unnamed floppies default to the name " "unnamed_floppy). On other systems, ask your system " "administrator. " msgstr "" "有些系统会在您放入软盘时自动尝试对其进行挂载。若要让工作站允许您对软盘进行 " "raw mode 写入操作,您可能必须关闭此功能。不幸的是,如何" "关闭此功能的方法完全取决于具体的操作系统。 在 Solaris " "上,您可以利用卷管理来获得对软驱的 raw 访问权。首先,确信软盘已经被自动挂载" "(使用 volcheck 或者文件管理器中的类似命令)。然后安照上面给" "出的形式使用 dd 命令,只是把 /dev/fd0 替换成 /vol/rdsk/floppy_name,这里 floppy_name 是软盘在格式化时所定的" "名字。(未命名的软盘默认使用 unnamed_floppy)。至于其他系" "统,请咨询您的系统管理员)。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:405 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If writing a floppy on powerpc Linux, you will need to eject it. The " "eject program handles this nicely; you might need to " "install it." msgstr "" "如果想在 powerpc Linux 上写入一张软盘,您将必须弹出它。eject 命令能够很好地对此进行控制,当然您可能需要先安装它。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:423 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images From DOS, Windows, or OS/2" msgstr "在 DOS、Windows 或者 OS/2 下写磁盘映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:425 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have access to an i386 or amd64 machine, you can use one of the " "following programs to copy images to floppies." msgstr "" "如果您能操作一台 i386 或 amd64 机器,可以使用如下方法之一往软盘拷贝映像文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:430 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rawrite1 and rawrite2 programs can " "be used under MS-DOS. To use these programs, first make sure that you are " "booted into DOS. Trying to use these programs from within a DOS box in " "Windows, or double-clicking on these programs from the Windows Explorer is " "not expected to work." msgstr "" "rawrite1rawrite2 程序可在 MS-DOS 下" "使用。如果想使用这些程序,首先要确定您是从 DOS 启动。在 Windows 的 DOS 窗口," "或者在文件浏览器中双击使用这些程序是不能运行的。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:438 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rwwrtwin program runs on Windows 95, NT, 98, 2000, " "ME, XP and probably later versions. To use it you will need to unpack diskio." "dll in the same directory." msgstr "" "rwwrtwin 程序可以在 Windows 95、NT、98、2000、ME、XP 甚至" "可能最新的版本上运行。要使用它您需要解压 diskio.dll 至相同目录下。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:444 #, no-c-format msgid "" "These tools can be found on the Official Debian CD-ROMs under the /" "tools directory." msgstr "" "这些工具可以在官方 Debian 光盘中找到,位于 /tools 目录" "下。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:457 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images on Atari Systems" msgstr "在 Atari 系统上写磁盘映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:458 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You'll find the &rawwrite.ttp; program in the same directory as the floppy " "disk images. Start the program by double clicking on the program icon, and " "type in the name of the floppy image file you want written to the floppy at " "the TOS program command line dialog box." msgstr "" "您可以在与软盘映像相同的目录下找到 &rawwrite.ttp;。双击程序图标,在 TOS 程序 " "命令行输入框内键入您想写入软盘的软盘映像文件名。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:469 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images on Macintosh Systems" msgstr "在 Macintosh 系统上写磁盘映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:470 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Since the current release does not yet support booting from floppies to " "start the installation, there would be no point in doing this on Macintosh " "Systems. However, these files are needed for the installation of the " "operating system and modules, later in the process." msgstr "" "由于当前发布版不支持从软盘启动安装系统,因此在 Macintosh 系统上也没有相关内" "容。但是,这些文件被用在后面的安装过程中,用来安装操作系统和模块。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:486 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images From MacOS" msgstr "在 MacOS 上写磁盘映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:487 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An AppleScript, Make Debian Floppy, is available " "for burning floppies from the provided disk image files. It can be " "downloaded from . To use it, just unstuff it on " "your desktop, and then drag any floppy image file to it. You must have " "Applescript installed and enabled in your extensions manager. Disk Copy will " "ask you to confirm that you wish to erase the floppy and proceed to write " "the file image to it." msgstr "" "这里有一个名为 Make Debian Floppy 的 AppleSrcipt " "可以用来从所提供的磁盘映像制作软盘。它可以从 处下载。使用时只需要解压文件至桌面然后向其拖入您想刻录的映像文件。您必" "须已经安装了 Applescript 并在您的扩展管理器中开启它。Disk Copy 会要求您确认您" "的确想要清空磁盘并写入磁盘映像。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:498 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also use the MacOS utility Disk Copy directly, or " "the freeware utility suntar. The root.bin file is an example of a floppy image. Use one of the following " "methods to create a floppy from the floppy image with these utilities." msgstr "" "您也可以直接使用 MacOS 工具 Disk Copy ,或者免费软件工具 " "suntarroot.bin 是一个软盘映像范例。" "您可以使用以下方法之一来利用这些工具将磁盘映像写入软盘。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:509 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images with Disk Copy" msgstr "写磁盘映像:使用Disk Copy" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:510 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are creating the floppy image from files which were originally on the " "official &debian; CD, then the Type and Creator are already set correctly. " "The following Creator-Changer steps are only necessary if " "you downloaded the image files from a Debian mirror." msgstr "" "假如您是使用官方 &debian; 光盘上的软盘映像文件,那么 Type 和 Creator 已经设置" "正确。以下 Creator-Changer 步骤只针对从 Debian 镜像下载映" "像文件的情况。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:519 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Obtain Creator-Changer " "and use it to open the root.bin file." msgstr "" "取得 Creator-Changer 并" "且用它打开 root.bin 文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:526 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Change the Creator to ddsk (Disk Copy), and the Type " "to DDim (binary floppy image). The case is sensitive " "for these fields." msgstr "" "将 Creator 改为 ddsk (Disk Copy),并将 Type 改为 " "DDim (binary floppy image)。注意此处大小写敏感。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:533 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Important: In the Finder, use Get Info to display the Finder information about the floppy image, and " "X the File Locked check box so that " "MacOS will be unable to remove the boot blocks if the image is accidentally " "mounted." msgstr "" "注意: 在 Finder 中,使用 Get Info 来显示关于软盘映像的 Finder 信息,并在 File Locked 复选框中划上X。这样在映像意外的被挂载时 MacOS 将不" "会删除引导区。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:542 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Obtain Disk Copy; if you have a MacOS system or CD it " "will very likely be there already, otherwise try ." msgstr "" "获取 Disk Copy。如果您已经拥有了 MacOS 系统或光盘,它多半" "就已经被包含在其中,否则可以试试 。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:549 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Run Disk Copy, and select " "Utilities Make a Floppy , then select the locked image file from the " "resulting dialog. It will ask you to insert a floppy, then ask if you really " "want to erase it. When done it should eject the floppy." msgstr "" "运行 Disk Copy,并且从 Utilities 菜" "单中选择 Make a Floppy,然后从对话框中选择 " "locked 的映像文件。它会要求您插入一张软盘,然后询问是否" "删除它。完成后它应该会弹出软盘。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:564 #, no-c-format msgid "Writing Disk Images with suntar" msgstr "写磁盘映像:使用suntar" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:568 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Obtain suntar from . Start the suntar program and select " "Overwrite Sectors... from the Special " "menu." msgstr "" "获取 suntar,它在 中。运行 suntar 程序并且从 Special 菜单中选择Overwrite Sectors...。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:576 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Insert the floppy disk as requested, then hit &enterkey; (start at sector 0)." msgstr "按照要求插入软盘,然后点击 &enterkey; (从0扇区开始)。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:582 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Select the root.bin file in the file-opening dialog." msgstr "在打开文件对话框中选择 root.bin 文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:587 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After the floppy has been created successfully, select " "File Eject . If " "there are any errors writing the floppy, simply toss that floppy and try " "another." msgstr "" "当软盘被成功写入之后,选中 File " "Eject 。如果写盘期间发生任何错误,请" "换别的软盘试试。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:595 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before using the floppy you created, set the write protect tab! Otherwise if you accidentally mount it in MacOS, MacOS will " "helpfully ruin it." msgstr "" "在使用您创建的软盘之前,请设置写保护标签!否则,如果您偶" "然在 MacOS 中挂载了它,MacOS 将会将其毁坏。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:614 #, no-c-format msgid "Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting" msgstr "为从 U 盘引导准备文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:616 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are two installation methods possible when booting from USB stick. The " "first is to install completely from the network. The second is to also copy " "a CD image onto the USB stick and use that as a source for packages, " "possibly in combination with a mirror. This second method is the more common." msgstr "" "从 U 盘启动安装系统有两种方式。第一种是完全通过网络安装。第二种是将 CD 映象复" "制到 U 盘作为软件包的源,并可以结合其他镜像。第二种方式更常用一些。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:624 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For the first installation method you'll need to download an installer image " "from the netboot directory (at the location mentioned " "in ) and use the flexible way " "explained below to copy the files to the USB stick." msgstr "" "对于第一种安装方式,您需要从 netboot 目录(在 里面提到位置)下载安装映象,并按照下面所说的" "灵活方法复制文件到 U 盘。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:632 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installation images for the second installation method can be found in the " "hd-media directory and either the easy way or the flexible way can be used to copy the image to " "the USB stick. For this installation method you will also need to download a " "CD image. The installation image and the CD image must be based on the same " "release of &d-i;. If they do not match you are likely to get " "errors The error message that is most likely to be " "displayed is that no kernel modules can be found. This means that the " "version of the kernel module udebs included on the CD image is different " "from the version of the running kernel. during the " "installation." msgstr "" "第二种安装方式的安装映象放在 hd-media 目录,可以采用" "简易方法灵活方法将它复制到 U 盘上。这种安装方" "式下您还需要下载一份 CD 映象。安装映象和 CD 映象应该是相同的 &d-i; 发行版。如" "果不同则在安装中会出现错误 错误信息大概会显示为找不到内核模" "块。意思是说在 CD 映象里面包含的内核模块 udeb 版本与正在运行的内核不符。 。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:651 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To prepare the USB stick, you will need a system where GNU/Linux is already " "running and where USB is supported. With current GNU/Linux systems the USB " "stick should be automatically recognized when you insert it. If it is not " "you should check that the usb-storage kernel module is loaded. When the USB " "stick is inserted, it will be mapped to a device named /dev/sdX, where the X is a letter in the range a-z. You " "should be able to see to which device the USB stick was mapped by running " "the command dmesg after inserting it. To write to your " "stick, you may have to turn off its write protection switch." msgstr "" "为了准备 U 盘,您需要一台运行的支持 USB 的 GNU/Linux 系统。当前的 GNU/Linux " "系统会在您插入 U 盘的时候自动识别。如果没有,您应该确认 usb-storage 内核模块" "是否已经被加载。U 盘插入后,它将被映射到名为 /dev/sdX 的" "设备,其中的 X 是 a-z 的字母。您可以通过运行 dmesg 在插入 U 盘后确认是否被正确映射。要写入信息,请要先打开它上面的写保" "护开关。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:665 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The procedures described in this section will destroy anything already on " "the device! Make very sure that you use the correct device name for your USB " "stick. If you use the wrong device the result could be that all information " "on for example a hard disk could be lost." msgstr "" "采用这种方法将销毁设备上已有的任何内容!请确认您使用了正确的 U 盘设备名。如果" "搞错,比如写成硬盘,将造成该设备上的所有信息丢失。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:673 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the USB stick should be at least 256 MB in size (smaller setups " "are possible if you follow )." msgstr "" "注意,U 盘至少要有 256MB 的容量(更小的尺寸安装也是可能的,请参阅 )。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:681 #, no-c-format msgid "Copying the files — the easy way" msgstr "复制文件 — 轻松的途径" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:682 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is an all-in-one file hd-media/boot.img.gz which " "contains all the installer files (including the kernel) as well as syslinux and its configuration file. as well as yaboot " "and its configuration file." msgstr "" "有一个文件合集 hd-media/boot.img.gz 包含所有的安装程序文" "件(包括内核) 以及 syslinux 和对应" "的配置文件。 以及 yaboot 和对应的配置文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:691 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that, although convenient, this method does have one major " "disadvantage: the logical size of the device will be limited to 256 MB, even " "if the capacity of the USB stick is larger. You will need to repartition the " "USB stick and create new file systems to get its full capacity back if you " "ever want to use it for some different purpose. A second disadvantage is " "that you cannot copy a full CD image onto the USB stick, but only the " "smaller businesscard or netinst CD images." msgstr "" "需要注意的是,虽然方便,但该方法有一个主要的缺点: 即使 U 盘很大,设备的逻辑" "尺寸还是限制在 256 MB。如果您要将该 U 盘用作其他用途,需要为它重新分区,为其" "余容量创建一个新的文件系统。次要的缺点是您无法复制完整的 CD 映象到 U 盘,只能" "使用较小的 businesscard 或 netinst CD 映象。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:701 #, no-c-format msgid "To use this image simply extract it directly to your USB stick:" msgstr "使用该映象只须将它直接解压到 U 盘:" #. Tag: screen #: install-methods.xml:705 #, no-c-format msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/sdX" msgstr "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/sdX" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:707 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Create a partition of type \"Apple_Bootstrap\" on your USB stick using " "mac-fdisk's C command and extract " "the image directly to that:" msgstr "" "在 U 盘上创建 \"Apple_Bootstrap\" 分区类型使用 mac-fdisk " "的 C 命令,并直接解压映象:" #. Tag: screen #: install-methods.xml:713 #, no-c-format msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/sdX2" msgstr "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/sdX2" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:715 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After that, mount the USB memory stick " "(mount /dev/sdX /mnt), (mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt), which will now have a FAT filesystem an HFS " "filesystem on it, and copy a Debian netinst or businesscard ISO " "image to it. Unmount the stick (umount /mnt) and you " "are done." msgstr "" "然后,挂载 U 盘 (mount /dev/" "sdX /mnt), (mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt), 现在上面有了 一个 FAT 文件系统 一个 HFS 文件系统,复制 Debian " "netinst 或 businesscard ISO 映象到里面。卸载 U 盘 (umount /mnt) 就完成了。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:732 #, no-c-format msgid "Copying the files — the flexible way" msgstr "复制文件 — 灵活的方法" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:733 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you like more flexibility or just want to know what's going on, you " "should use the following method to put the files on your stick. One " "advantage of using this method is that — if the capacity of your USB " "stick is large enough — you have the option of copying a full CD ISO " "image to it." msgstr "" "如果您需要更多的灵活性,或者只是想了解其间发生了什么,应该使用如下的方法来把" "文件放到 U 盘。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:748 install-methods.xml:845 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning the USB stick" msgstr "给 U 盘分区" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:749 #, no-c-format msgid "" "We will show how to set up the memory stick to use the first partition, " "instead of the entire device." msgstr "我们将展示如何使用 U 盘的第一个分区,而不是整个设备。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:754 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Since most USB sticks come pre-configured with a single FAT16 partition, you " "probably won't have to repartition or reformat the stick. If you have to do " "that anyway, use cfdisk or any other partitioning tool to " "create a FAT16 partition, and then create the filesystem using: " "\n" "# mkdosfs /dev/sdX1\n" " Take care that you use the correct device name " "for your USB stick. The mkdosfs command is contained in " "the dosfstools Debian package." msgstr "" "由于大多数 U 盘预先设置了一个单独的 FAT16 分区,您可能不需要重新分区或者格式" "化 U 盘。如果必须要做,请使用 cfdisk 或者其他的分区工具来" "创建一个 FAT16 分区,然后建立文件系统:\n" "# mkdosfs /dev/sdX1\n" " 注意,请使用正确的 U 盘设备名称。" "mkdosfs 命令包含在 Debian 的 dosfstools 软件包中。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:768 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a " "boot loader on the stick. Although any boot loader (e.g. lilo) should work, it's convenient to use syslinux, since it uses a FAT16 partition and can be reconfigured by just " "editing a text file. Any operating system which supports the FAT file system " "can be used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader." msgstr "" "为了在 U 盘引导后启动内核,我们要在 U 盘上放入一个 boot loader。尽管任何 " "boot loader (比如 lilo)都应该可以胜任,不过还是使用 " "syslinux 更方便。主要原因是它可以使用 FAT16 分区,而且" "只需要编辑一个文本文件就能对其进行配置。任何支持 FAT 文件系统的操作系统都可以" "用来改变 boot loader 的配置文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:778 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To put syslinux on the FAT16 partition on your USB " "stick, install the syslinux and mtools packages on your system, and do: \n" "# syslinux /dev/sdX1\n" " Again, take care that you use the correct device " "name. The partition must not be mounted when starting syslinux. This procedure writes a boot sector to the partition and creates " "the file ldlinux.sys which contains the boot loader " "code." msgstr "" "为了把 syslinux 放到 U 盘的 FAT16 分区上,请在您的系统" "中安装 syslinuxmtools 软件" "包,然后执行: \n" "# syslinux /dev/sdX1\n" " 再提醒一次,请确认您使用的是正确的设备名称。启动 " "syslinux 的时候该分区不能被挂载,因为该过程会向分区的引导" "扇区写入数据,并且创建包含 boot loader 代码的 ldlinux.sys 文件。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:795 install-methods.xml:892 #, no-c-format msgid "Adding the installer image" msgstr "添加安装程序映像" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Mount the partition (mount /dev/sdX1 /" "mnt) and copy the following installer image files to the stick: " " vmlinuz (kernel binary) " " initrd.gz (initial " "ramdisk image) You can choose between " "either the regular version or the graphical version of the installer. The " "latter can be found in the gtk subdirectory. If you " "want to rename the files, please note that syslinux " "can only process DOS (8.3) file names." msgstr "" "挂载分区 (mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt) 并复制下面的安装程序映象文件到 U 盘: " " vmlinuz (kernel binary) initrd.gz (initial ramdisk " "image) 您可以选择使用文本界面或者图形安装" "界面安装程序。后者可以从 gtk 子目录获得。假如您需要改文" "件名,请注意 syslinux 只遵循 DOS (8.3) 命名方式。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:820 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next you should create a syslinux.cfg configuration " "file, which at a bare minimum should contain the following two lines: " "\n" "default vmlinuz\n" "append initrd=initrd.gz\n" " For the graphical installer you should add " "video=vesa:ywrap,mtrr vga=788 to the second line." msgstr "" "接下来,您需要创建一个 syslinux.cfg 配置文件,里面最少要" "包含下面两行: \n" "default vmlinuz\n" "append initrd=initrd.gz\n" " 对于图形安装程序,您需要添加 " "video=vesa:ywrap,mtrr vga=788 到第二行尾部。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:830 install-methods.xml:932 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you used an hd-media image, you should now copy a " "Debian ISO image (businesscard, netinst or full CD image; be sure to select " "one that fits) onto the stick. When you are done, unmount the USB memory " "stick (umount /mnt)." msgstr "" "如果您使用 hd-media 映象,现在应该复制 Debian ISO 映象" "(businesscard、netinst 或者完整的 CD 映象;确认适合的一种)到 U 盘上。然后,卸" "载 U 盘 (umount /mnt)。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:846 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Most USB sticks do not come pre-configured in such a way that Open Firmware " "can boot from them, so you will need to repartition the stick. On Mac " "systems, run mac-fdisk /dev/sdX, initialise a new partition map using the i command, and create a new partition of type Apple_Bootstrap using " "the C command. (Note that the first \"partition\" " "will always be the partition map itself.) Then type " "\n" "$ hformat /dev/sdX2\n" " Take care that you use the correct device name " "for your USB stick. The hformat command is contained in " "the hfsutils Debian package." msgstr "" "绝大多数 U 盘的预设置都不能让 Open Firmware 从该盘进行引导,因此您需要为 U 盘" "重新分区。在 Mac 系统上,执行 mac-fdisk /dev/sdX,用 i 命令初始化新的分区映" "射,然后使用 C 命令创建一个新的类型为 Apple_Bootstrap " "的分区。(要注意的是第一个\"分区\"总是分区映射本身。) 然后键入 " "\n" "$ hformat /dev/sdX2\n" " 注意使用正确的 U 盘设备名称。hformat 命令包含在 Debian 的 hfsutils 软件包中。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:863 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a " "boot loader on the stick. The yaboot boot loader can be " "installed on an HFS filesystem and can be reconfigured by just editing a " "text file. Any operating system which supports the HFS file system can be " "used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader." msgstr "" "为了能在 U 盘引导后启动内核,我们要在 U 盘上放入一个启动引导程序。" "yaboot 启动引导器可以被安装到 HFS 文件系统上,而且只需要编" "辑一个文本文件就能对其重新进行配置。任何支持 HFS 文件系统的操作系统可以用来改" "变启动引导器的配置文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:872 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The normal ybin tool that comes with yaboot does not yet understand USB storage devices, so you will have to " "install yaboot by hand using the hfsutils tools. Type \n" "$ hmount /dev/sdX2\n" "$ hcopy -r /usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot :\n" "$ hattrib -c UNIX -t tbxi :yaboot\n" "$ hattrib -b :\n" "$ humount\n" " Again, take care that you use the correct device " "name. The partition must not be otherwise mounted during this procedure. " "This procedure writes the boot loader to the partition, and uses the HFS " "utilities to mark it in such a way that Open Firmware will boot it. Having " "done this, the rest of the USB stick may be prepared using the normal Unix " "utilities." msgstr "" "常用的 ybin 工具(随 yaboot 附带)并不能" "识别 USB 存储设备,因此您不得不手动安装 yaboot,这可以通" "过 hfsutils 工具来完成。用法如下: " "\n" "$ hmount /dev/sdX2\n" "$ hcopy -r /usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot :\n" "$ hattrib -c UNIX -t tbxi :yaboot\n" "$ hattrib -b :\n" "$ humount\n" " 再提醒一次,请确认您使用的是正确的设备名称。操作" "过程中一定不能挂载此分区。程序会向分区中写入 boot loader,并使用 HFS 工具向其" "添加标记,最终使得 Open Fireware 可以启动它。完成以上操作之后,U 盘的其他部分" "就可以用普通的 Unix 工具来处理了。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:893 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Mount the partition (mount /dev/sdX2 /" "mnt) and copy the following installer image files to the stick:" msgstr "" "接下来就是挂载分区(mount /dev/sdX2 /" "mnt),然后复制下面的安装程序映象文件到 U 盘:" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:900 #, no-c-format msgid "vmlinux (kernel binary)" msgstr "vmlinux (内核二进制文件)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:905 #, no-c-format msgid "initrd.gz (initial ramdisk image)" msgstr "initrd.gz (初始化内存映像)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:910 #, no-c-format msgid "yaboot.conf (yaboot configuration file)" msgstr "yaboot.conf (yaboot 配置文件)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:915 #, no-c-format msgid "boot.msg (optional boot message)" msgstr "boot.msg (可选的启动信息)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:922 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The yaboot.conf configuration file should contain the " "following lines: \n" "default=install\n" "root=/dev/ram\n" "\n" "message=/boot.msg\n" "\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" " label=install\n" " initrd=/initrd.gz\n" " initrd-size=10000\n" " read-only\n" " Please note that the initrd-size parameter may need to be increased, depending on the image you " "are booting." msgstr "" "yaboot.conf 配置文件应该含有以下几行: " "\n" "default=install\n" "root=/dev/ram\n" "\n" "message=/boot.msg\n" "\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" " label=install\n" " initrd=/initrd.gz\n" " initrd-size=10000\n" " read-only\n" " 请注意,在必要的时候,您可能需要增大" "initrd-size 参数的数值,这完全取决于您所使用的内存映像" "的大小。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:947 #, no-c-format msgid "Booting the USB stick" msgstr "从 U 盘启动" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:948 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your system refuses to boot from the memory stick, the stick may contain " "an invalid master boot record (MBR). To fix this, use the install-" "mbr command from the package mbr:" msgstr "" "如果您的系统拒绝从 U 盘引导,那么可能是因为它含有无效的主引导扇区记录(MBR)。" "您可以使用 install-mbr 命令来修复这个问题,该命令来自 " "mbr 软件包:" #. Tag: screen #: install-methods.xml:955 #, no-c-format msgid "# install-mbr /dev/sdX" msgstr "# install-mbr /dev/sdX" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:966 #, no-c-format msgid "Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting" msgstr "为从硬盘引导准备文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:967 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer may be booted using boot files placed on an existing hard " "drive partition, either launched from another operating system or by " "invoking a boot loader directly from the BIOS." msgstr "" "安装程序可以从硬盘分区上面用引导文件引导。它们可以在其它操作系统下面启动,或" "者直接使用 BIOS 提供的引导装载程序直接启动。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:973 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A full, pure network installation can be achieved using this " "technique. This avoids all hassles of removable media, like finding and " "burning CD images or struggling with too numerous and unreliable floppy " "disks." msgstr "" "采用这个技术可以实现完全的纯网络的安装方式。这样可以避免一些使" "用可移动介质带来的的缺点,比如寻找和刻录 CD 映像,或是与大量且不可靠的软盘纠" "缠不清。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:980 #, no-c-format msgid "The installer cannot boot from files on an NTFS file system." msgstr "安装程序无法从 NTFS 文件系统上进行引导。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:984 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer cannot boot from files on an HFS+ file system. MacOS System " "8.1 and above may use HFS+ file systems; NewWorld PowerMacs all use HFS+. To " "determine whether your existing file system is HFS+, select Get " "Info for the volume in question. HFS file systems appear as " "Mac OS Standard, while HFS+ file systems say " "Mac OS Extended. You must have an HFS partition in " "order to exchange files between MacOS and Linux, in particular the " "installation files you download." msgstr "" "安装程序无法从 HFS+ 文件系统进行引导。MacOS System 8.1 及之后的系统可能使用 " "HFS+ 文件系统,NewWorld PowerMacs 则全部使用 HFS+。要确认您的系统是否是 HFS" "+,请选择 Get Info 来查看相关卷信息。HFS 文件系统文件" "系统显示为 Mac OS Standard,而 HFS+ 文件系统将显示为 " "Mac OS Extended。您必须使用一个 HFS 分区来在 MacOS 和 " "Linux 之间交换文件,特别是那些您下载的安装文件。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:995 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Different programs are used for hard disk installation system booting, " "depending on whether the system is a NewWorld or an " "OldWorld model." msgstr "" "根据您的系统是NewWorld还是OldWorld型号,硬盘安" "装程序的引导将使用不同的安装文件。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1004 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hard disk installer booting using LILO or GRUB" msgstr "" "硬盘安装程序引导使用 LILOGRUB" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1006 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section explains how to add to or even replace an existing linux " "installation using either LILO or GRUB." msgstr "" "这一节将解释如何增加或者甚至替换现有的 linux 安装,通过 LILOGRUB。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1012 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At boot time, both bootloaders support loading in memory not only the " "kernel, but also a disk image. This RAM disk can be used as the root file-" "system by the kernel." msgstr "" "在启动时,两种 bootloader 都支持将内核和磁盘映像加载到内存中。这个内存虚拟磁" "盘可以被用做内核的根文件系统。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1018 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Copy the following files from the Debian archives to a convenient location " "on your hard drive, for instance to /boot/newinstall/." msgstr "" "将以下文件从 Debian 存档中拷贝到硬盘中比较方便的地方,比如 /boot/" "newinstall/。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1025 #, no-c-format msgid "vmlinuz (kernel binary)" msgstr "vmlinuz(内核二进制文件)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1030 #, no-c-format msgid "initrd.gz (ramdisk image)" msgstr "initrd.gz (内存虚拟磁盘映像)" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1037 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Finally, to configure the bootloader proceed to ." msgstr "最后,要配置 bootloader,请进入 。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1047 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Disk Installer Booting for OldWorld Macs" msgstr "在 OldWorld Macs 上引导硬盘安装程序" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1048 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The boot-floppy-hfs floppy uses miBoot to launch Linux installation, but miBoot cannot easily be used for hard disk booting. " "BootX, launched from MacOS, supports booting from " "files placed on the hard disk. BootX can also be " "used to dual-boot MacOS and Linux after your Debian installation is " "complete. For the Performa 6360, it appears that quik " "cannot make the hard disk bootable. So BootX is " "required on that model." msgstr "" "boot-floppy-hfs 软盘使用 miBoot 来启动 Linux 安装,但是 miBoot 不易用" "于从硬盘引导。运行于 MacOS 的 BootX 支持从硬盘上的" "文件进行引导。BootX 也能在安装完 Debian 后用于 " "MacOS 和 Linux 的双重引导。对于 Performa 6360 来说,quik " "看上去不能让硬盘可引导。因此 BootX 对于该型号来说" "是必须的。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1061 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Download and unstuff the BootX distribution, " "available from , or in the " "dists/woody/main/disks-powerpc/current/powermac " "directory on Debian http/ftp mirrors and official Debian CDs. Use " "Stuffit Expander to extract it from its archive. " "Within the package, there is an empty folder called Linux Kernels. Download linux.bin and ramdisk." "image.gz from the disks-powerpc/current/powermac folder, and place them in the Linux Kernels " "folder. Then place the Linux Kernels folder in the " "active System Folder." msgstr "" "请下载并且解压 BootX 发布版本。它可以从 ,或者 Debian http/ftp 镜像以及官方 " "Debian 光盘的 dists/woody/main/disks-powerpc/current/powermac 目录下得到。可以用 Stuffit Expander 来把" "它从打包档案中解开。在这个包中,有一个名为 Linux Kernels 的空文件夹。请下载 linux.bin 和 " "ramdisk.image.gz (位于 disks-powerpc/current/" "powermac 文件夹),然后把他们放到 Linux Kernels 文件夹中,然后把 Linux Kernels 文件夹放到活动" "的系统文件夹中。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1081 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Disk Installer Booting for NewWorld Macs" msgstr "在 NewWorld Macs 上启动硬盘安装程序" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1082 #, no-c-format msgid "" "NewWorld PowerMacs support booting from a network or an ISO9660 CD-ROM, as " "well as loading ELF binaries directly from the hard disk. These machines " "will boot Linux directly via yaboot, which supports " "loading a kernel and RAMdisk directly from an ext2 partition, as well as " "dual-booting with MacOS. Hard disk booting of the installer is particularly " "appropriate for newer machines without floppy drives. BootX is not supported and must not be used on NewWorld PowerMacs." msgstr "" "NewWorld PowerMacs 支持从网络或者 ISO9660 格式光盘进行引导,或者直接从硬盘上" "载入 ELF 二进制文件。这类机器可以直接使用 yaboot引导。它既" "支持直接从 ext2 分区中装入内核和内存虚拟磁盘,也支持和 MacOS 的双重引导。硬盘" "引导特别适合最新的没有软驱的机器。BootX 则不被支持,也一定" "不能用在 NewWorld PowerMacs 上。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1093 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Copy (not move) the following four files which you " "downloaded earlier from the Debian archives, onto the root level of your " "hard drive (this can be accomplished by option-dragging " "each file to the hard drive icon)." msgstr "" "拷贝(而非移动)您早先从 Debian 存档下载的下列四个文件到您" "硬盘的根目录上(这个可以用按住 option 键然后拖动每个文件到硬" "盘图标的方法来完成)。" #. Tag: filename #: install-methods.xml:1103 install-methods.xml:1461 #, no-c-format msgid "vmlinux" msgstr "vmlinux" #. Tag: filename #: install-methods.xml:1108 install-methods.xml:1466 #, no-c-format msgid "initrd.gz" msgstr "initrd.gz" #. Tag: filename #: install-methods.xml:1113 install-methods.xml:1471 #, no-c-format msgid "yaboot" msgstr "yaboot" #. Tag: filename #: install-methods.xml:1118 install-methods.xml:1476 #, no-c-format msgid "yaboot.conf" msgstr "yaboot.conf" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1123 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Make a note of the partition number of the MacOS partition where you place " "these files. If you have the MacOS pdisk program, you can " "use the L command to check for the partition number. You " "will need this partition number for the command you type at the Open " "Firmware prompt when you boot the installer." msgstr "" "记下您存放这些文件的 MacOS 分区号。如果您有 MacOS 的 pdisk 程序,您可以使用 L 命令检查分区号。当引导安装程序" "的时候,您需要这个分区号码在 Open Firmware 提示符下面输入命令。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1131 #, no-c-format msgid "To boot the installer, proceed to ." msgstr "要引导安装程序,请进入 。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1144 #, no-c-format msgid "Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting" msgstr "为使用 TFTP 网络引导准备文件" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1145 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your machine is connected to a local area network, you may be able to " "boot it over the network from another machine, using TFTP. If you intend to " "boot the installation system from another machine, the boot files will need " "to be placed in specific locations on that machine, and the machine " "configured to support booting of your specific machine." msgstr "" "如果您的机器连接到了一个局域网,您可以从网络上的另外一台机器上面通过 TFTP 来" "引导它。如果您倾向从另外一台机器上面引导安装系统,则引导文件需要放在那台机器" "上面的某个特殊地方,并且配置好能够能够支持对您的机器进行引导。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1153 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You need to set up a TFTP server, and for many machines a DHCP server, or RARP server, or BOOTP server." msgstr "" "您需要设置一台 TFTP 服务器,并且对于很多机器来说,还需要一台 DHCP 服务器" ",或 RARP 服务器 ,或 BOOTP 服务器。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1160 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol " "(RARP) is one way to tell your client what IP address to use for itself. " "Another way is to use the BOOTP protocol. BOOTP is an IP protocol that informs a computer of its IP " "address and where on the network to obtain a boot image. Yet another alternative exists on VMEbus systems: the IP " "address can be manually configured in boot ROM. The DHCP (Dynamic " "Host Configuration Protocol) is a more flexible, backwards-compatible " "extension of BOOTP. Some systems can only be configured via DHCP." msgstr "" "The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol " "(RARP) 是一种告诉您的客户机它自己 IP 地址的方法。另外一种方法是采用 BOOTP 协" "议。 BOOTP 是一种 IP 协议,用来" "告诉一台计算机它自己 IP 地址以及从网络何处获得启动映像。 在 VMEbus 系统上面的另外一种选择是:IP 地址可以能够在引导 ROM " "中手工配置。 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 是一个更灵" "活,向后兼容的 BOOTP 扩展。有些系统只能通过 DHCP 来配置。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1177 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For PowerPC, if you have a NewWorld Power Macintosh machine, it is a good " "idea to use DHCP instead of BOOTP. Some of the latest machines are unable to " "boot using BOOTP." msgstr "" "对于 PowerPC 来说,如果您有一台 NewWorld Power Macintosh 机器,使用 DHCP 来代" "替 BOOTP 比较好。有些最新的机器不能从 BOOTP 引导。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1183 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Unlike the Open Firmware found on Sparc and PowerPC machines, the SRM " "console will not use RARP to obtain its IP address, and " "therefore you must use BOOTP for net booting your Alpha " "Alpha systems can also be net-booted using the DECNet MOP (Maintenance " "Operations Protocol), but this is not covered here. Presumably, your local " "OpenVMS operator will be happy to assist you should you have some burning " "need to use MOP to boot Linux on your Alpha. . You can " "also enter the IP configuration for network interfaces directly in the SRM " "console." msgstr "" "不像 Sparc 和 PowerPC 机器上的 Open Firmware, SRM 控制台将 使用 RARP 来获得它的 IP 地址。因此您必须使用 BOOTP 来从网络启动您" "的 Alpha 机器 Alpha 系统也可以通过 DECNet MOP (Maintenance " "Operations Protocol) 从网络启动,但在此不作阐述。在您急切需要使用 MOP 来启动 " "Alpha 系统上的 Linux 时,估计 OpenVMS 操作员很乐意帮您完成。 。您也可以直接在 SRM 控制台中直接输入网络接口的 IP 配置。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1200 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some older HPPA machines (e.g. 715/75) use RBOOTD rather than BOOTP. There " "is an rbootd package available in Debian." msgstr "" "一些较早的 HPPA 机器(比如 715/75)使用 RBOOTD 而不是 BOOTP。Debian 里面有一个 " "rbootd 软件包。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1205 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used to serve the boot image to " "the client. Theoretically, any server, on any platform, which implements " "these protocols, may be used. In the examples in this section, we shall " "provide commands for SunOS 4.x, SunOS 5.x (a.k.a. Solaris), and GNU/Linux." msgstr "" "普通文件传输协议(Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP))被用于为客户提供引导映" "像。理论上,任意服务器,在任意平台上只要实现了这些协议就都能够被应用。在这一" "节的一些例子里面,我们将提供在 SunOS 4.x、SunOS 5.x (即 Solaris) 和 GNU/" "Linux 上面的一些操作例子。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1213 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To use the Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP booting, you " "will need a TFTP server with tsize support. On a " "&debian; server, the atftpd and tftpd-hpa packages qualify; we recommend tftpd-hpa." msgstr "" "如果想用 TFTP 的 Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) 方式启动,您将需要一台" "支持 tsize 的 TFTP 服务器。在 &debian; 服务器上," "atftpdtftpd-hpa 包符合此要" "求,我们推荐 tftpd-hpa。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1231 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up RARP server" msgstr "设置 RARP 服务器" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1232 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To set up RARP, you need to know the Ethernet address (a.k.a. the MAC " "address) of the client computers to be installed. If you don't know this " "information, you can pick it off the initial " "OpenPROM boot messages, use the OpenBoot .enet-addr " "command, or boot into Rescue mode (e.g., from the " "rescue floppy) and use the command /sbin/ifconfig eth0." msgstr "" "为了设置 RARP,需要知道需要安装系统的客户机以太网卡地址(网卡 MAC 地址)。如果" "您还不知道这个信息,可以从 OpenPROM 的初始化引导信息中" "获得,请使用 OpenBoot .enet-addr 命令,或者 " "启动进入Rescue 模式(例如使用恢复软盘)并使用 /sbin/" "ifconfig eth0 命令。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1244 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On a RARP server system using a Linux 2.4 or 2.6 kernel, or Solaris/SunOS, " "you use the rarpd program. You need to ensure that the " "Ethernet hardware address for the client is listed in the ethers database (either in the /etc/ethers file, or via " "NIS/NIS+) and in the hosts database. Then you need to start " "the RARP daemon. Issue the command (as root): /usr/sbin/rarpd -a on most Linux systems and SunOS 5 (Solaris 2), /usr/" "sbin/in.rarpd -a on some other Linux systems, or /usr/" "etc/rarpd -a in SunOS 4 (Solaris 1)." msgstr "" "在一个使用 Linux 2.4 或 2.6 内核的 RARP 服务器系统,或者 Solaris/SunOS 上,使" "用 rarpd 程序。您需要确定客户机的以太网硬件地址已经列在 " "ethers 数据库(可以在 /etc/ethers 文件中或" "通过 NIS/NIS+)和 hosts 数据库中,然后您需要启动 RARP 守护程" "序。使用(以 root 身份):在多数 Linux 系统和 SunOS 5 (Solaris 2) 上使用 " "/usr/sbin/rarpd -a,有些 Linux 系统上使用 /" "usr/sbin/in.rarpd -a 命令,在 SunOS 4 (Solaris 1) 里,则使用 " "/usr/etc/rarpd -a 命令。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1266 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up a BOOTP server" msgstr "架设 BOOTP 服务器" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1267 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are two BOOTP servers available for GNU/Linux. The first is CMU " "bootpd. The other is actually a DHCP server: ISC " "dhcpd. In &debian; these are contained in the " "bootp and dhcp3-server " "packages respectively." msgstr "" "在 GNU/Linux 下面可以使用两种 BOOTP 服务器。首先是 CMU bootpd,另外一种实际上是 DHCP 服务器:ISC dhcpd。" "&debian; 中它们分别被包含在 bootpdhcp3-" "server 软件包。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1275 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To use CMU bootpd, you must first uncomment (or add) the " "relevant line in /etc/inetd.conf. On &debian;, you can " "run update-inetd --enable bootps, then /" "etc/init.d/inetd reload to do so. Just in case your BOOTP server " "does not run Debian, the line in question should look like: " "\n" "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -i -t 120\n" " Now, you must create an /etc/bootptab file. This has the same sort of familiar and cryptic format as the " "good old BSD printcap, termcap, " "and disktab files. See the bootptab manual page for more information. For CMU bootpd, you will need to know the hardware (MAC) address of the client. " "Here is an example /etc/bootptab: " "\n" "client:\\\n" " hd=/tftpboot:\\\n" " bf=tftpboot.img:\\\n" " ip=192.168.1.90:\\\n" " sm=255.255.255.0:\\\n" " sa=192.168.1.1:\\\n" " ha=0123456789AB:\n" " You will need to change at least the ha option, which specifies the hardware address of the client. The " "bf option specifies the file a client should retrieve via " "TFTP; see for more details. On SGI machines you can just enter the command monitor and type " "printenv. The value of the eaddr variable is the machine's MAC address. " msgstr "" "为了使用 CMU bootpd,您必须首先将 /etc/inetd." "conf 中相关的注释标记去掉(或者加入一些新行)。在 &debian; 里,您可" "以运行 update-inetd --enable bootps,然后执行 " "/etc/init.d/inetd reload 来实现此任务。万一您的 BOOTP " "服务器不是运行在 Debian 上,这行看起来应该像这样: " "\n" "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -i -t 120\n" " 现在,您必须创建一个 /etc/bootptab 文件。它具有和一些经典的 BSD 文件很相似,并使用相同的加密格式。这些" "文件包括 printcaptermcap 和 " "disktab。参见 bootptab 的手册页以获" "得更多的信息。对于 CMU bootpd,您将需要知道客户机硬件(MAC)" "地址。这里有一个示例 /etc/bootptab: " "\n" "client:\\\n" " hd=/tftpboot:\\\n" " bf=tftpboot.img:\\\n" " ip=192.168.1.90:\\\n" " sm=255.255.255.0:\\\n" " sa=192.168.1.1:\\\n" " ha=0123456789AB:\n" " 您至少需要修改 ha 选项,它指定了客" "户机的硬件地址。bf 选项则指定了一个客户机应该通过 TFTP 取得的" "文件名称。请从 处获得更多的信息。 在 SGI 机器上,您可以仅在进入命令监视器后输入 " "printenveaddr 的值就是机器的 " "MAC 地址。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1308 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "" #| "By contrast, setting up BOOTP with ISC dhcpd is really " #| "easy, because it treats BOOTP clients as a moderately special case of " #| "DHCP clients. Some architectures require a complex configuration for " #| "booting clients via BOOTP. If yours is one of those, read the section " #| ". In that case, you will probably be able to get " #| "away with simply adding the allow bootp directive " #| "to the configuration block for the subnet containing the client, and " #| "restart dhcpd with /etc/init.d/dhcpd3-" #| "server restart." msgid "" "By contrast, setting up BOOTP with ISC dhcpd is really " "easy, because it treats BOOTP clients as a moderately special case of DHCP " "clients. Some architectures require a complex configuration for booting " "clients via BOOTP. If yours is one of those, read the section . Otherwise you will probably be able to get away with simply " "adding the allow bootp directive to the configuration " "block for the subnet containing the client in /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd." "conf, and restart dhcpd with /etc/" "init.d/dhcpd3-server restart." msgstr "" "相反,通过 ISC dhcpd 设置 BOOTP 就非常容易。因为它把 " "BOOTP 客户程序看成一个特殊的 DHCP 客户端。部分体系结构需要经过复杂的设置才能" "从 BOOTP 启动客户端。如果您的机器属于这种情况,请阅读。否则,大概只需要将 allow bootp 指令添加到包含客户机" "的子网的配置部分,并重新启动 dhcpd 就可以了,重启的命令" "是:/etc/init.d/dhcpd3-server restart。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1330 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up a DHCP server" msgstr "设置 DHCP 服务器" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1331 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One free software DHCP server is ISC dhcpd. For &debian;, " "the dhcp3-server package is recommended. Here is a " "sample configuration file for it (see /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf):" msgstr "" "一个 DHCP 服务器自由软件是 ISC dhcpd。对于 &debian;,推荐" "使用 dhcp3-server 软件包。这里是它的一个简单的配置示例" "文件(参阅 /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf):" #. Tag: screen #: install-methods.xml:1338 #, no-c-format msgid "" "option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" "option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com;\n" "option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;\n" "default-lease-time 600;\n" "max-lease-time 7200;\n" "server-name \"servername\";\n" "\n" "subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" " range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" " option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" "}\n" "\n" "host clientname {\n" " filename \"/tftpboot/tftpboot.img\";\n" " server-name \"servername\";\n" " next-server servername;\n" " hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:AB;\n" " fixed-address 192.168.1.90;\n" "}" msgstr "" "option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" "option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com;\n" "option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;\n" "default-lease-time 600;\n" "max-lease-time 7200;\n" "server-name \"servername\";\n" "\n" "subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" " range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" " option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" "}\n" "\n" "host clientname {\n" " filename \"/tftpboot/tftpboot.img\";\n" " server-name \"servername\";\n" " next-server servername;\n" " hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:AB;\n" " fixed-address 192.168.1.90;\n" "}" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1340 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In this example, there is one server servername " "which performs all of the work of DHCP server, TFTP server, and network " "gateway. You will almost certainly need to change the domain-name options, " "as well as the server name and client hardware address. The " "filename option should be the name of the file " "which will be retrieved via TFTP." msgstr "" "在这个例子中,一台服务器 servername 负责执行包括 " "DHCP 服务器、TFTP 服务器和网关在内的所有工作。您需要修改域名选项,以及服务器" "名和客户端硬件地址。filename 选项应该是将要从 " "TFTP 获取的文件名。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1350 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you have edited the dhcpd configuration file, " "restart it with /etc/init.d/dhcpd3-server restart." msgstr "" "在编辑了 dhcpd 配置文件后,您需要使用下面的命令重新启动:" "/etc/init.d/dhcpd3-server restart。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1358 #, no-c-format msgid "Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration" msgstr "在 DHCP 配置中打开 PXE 引导功能" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1359 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is another example for a dhcp.conf using the Pre-" "boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP. \n" "option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" "\n" "default-lease-time 600;\n" "max-lease-time 7200;\n" "\n" "allow booting;\n" "allow bootp;\n" "\n" "# The next paragraph needs to be modified to fit your case\n" "subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" " range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" " option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;\n" "# the gateway address which can be different\n" "# (access to the internet for instance)\n" " option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" "# indicate the dns you want to use\n" " option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.3;\n" "}\n" "\n" "group {\n" " next-server 192.168.1.3;\n" " host tftpclient {\n" "# tftp client hardware address\n" " hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n" " filename \"pxelinux.0\";\n" " }\n" "}\n" " Note that for PXE booting, the client filename " "pxelinux.0 is a boot loader, not a kernel image (see " " below)." msgstr "" "这里是另外一个采用 TFTP 的 Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) 方法的 " "dhcp.conf 配置例子。\n" "option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" "\n" "default-lease-time 600;\n" "max-lease-time 7200;\n" "\n" "allow booting;\n" "allow bootp;\n" "\n" "# The next paragraph needs to be modified to fit your case\n" "subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" " range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" " option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;\n" "# the gateway address which can be different\n" "# (access to the internet for instance)\n" " option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" "# indicate the dns you want to use\n" " option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.3;\n" "}\n" "\n" "group {\n" " next-server 192.168.1.3;\n" " host tftpclient {\n" "# tftp client hardware address\n" " hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n" " filename \"pxelinux.0\";\n" " }\n" "}\n" " 注意对于 PXE 引导来说,客户端文件名 " "pxelinux.0 是一个 boot loader,而非一个内核映象(参见下面" "的 )。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1375 #, no-c-format msgid "Enabling the TFTP Server" msgstr "开启 TFTP 服务器" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1376 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To get the TFTP server ready to go, you should first make sure that " "tftpd is enabled. This is usually enabled by having " "something like the following line in /etc/inetd.conf: " "\n" "tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd /tftpboot\n" " Debian packages will in general set this up " "correctly by default when they are installed." msgstr "" "要准备好 TFTP 服务器,您首先需要确定 tftpd 已经启动。这通" "常可以在 /etc/inetd.conf 添加如下字句来实现: " "\n" "tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd /tftpboot\n" " Debian 包通常在安装后会自动把这条设置好。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1388 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Historically, TFTP servers used /tftpboot as directory " "to serve images from. However, &debian; packages may use other directories " "to comply with the Filesystem Hierarchy " "Standard. For example, tftpd-hpa by default " "uses /var/lib/tftpboot. You may have to adjust the " "configuration examples in this section accordingly." msgstr "" "因为历史原因,TFTP 服务器使用 /tftpboot 作为映像文件目" "录。然而,&debian; 软件包遵守 Filesystem " "Hierarchy Standard 使用其他的目录。例如,tftpd-hpa 默认使用 /var/lib/tftpboot。您或许要适当地调" "整一下配置文件示例。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1398 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Look in /etc/inetd.conf and remember the directory " "which is used as the argument of in.tftpd " " All in.tftpd alternatives available in Debian " "should log TFTP requests to the system logs by default. Some of them support " "a -v argument to increase verbosity. It is " "recommended to check these log messages in case of boot problems as they are " "a good starting point for diagnosing the cause of errors. ; you'll need that below. If you've had to change /etc/" "inetd.conf, you'll have to notify the running inetd process that the file has changed. On a Debian machine, run " "/etc/init.d/inetd reload; on other machines, find out " "the process ID for inetd, and run kill -HUP " "inetd-pid." msgstr "" "检查 /etc/inetd.conf 文件记住被用作 in.tftpd 的参数的目录 Debian 中所有 in.tftpd 参数默认都会将 TFTP 请求记录到系统日志中。有些还支持 -v 选项增加详细程度。万一遇到引导问题,建议先检查这些日志信息,这对于" "分析错误是一个好的起始点。 ,您接下来会需要它。如果必须修" "改 /etc/inetd.conf,您一定要提醒正在运行的 " "inetd 进程,该文件已经修改。在 Debian 系统中,应该执行 " "/etc/init.d/inetd reload;而在其它系统中,找到 " "inetd 所对应的进程 ID,并执行 kill -HUP " "inetd-pid。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1418 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you intend to install Debian on an SGI machine and your TFTP server is a " "GNU/Linux box running Linux 2.4, you'll need to set the following on your " "server: \n" "# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_no_pmtu_disc\n" " to turn off Path MTU discovery, otherwise the " "SGI's PROM can't download the kernel. Furthermore, make sure TFTP packets " "are sent from a source port no greater than 32767, or the download will " "stall after the first packet. Again, it's Linux 2.4.X tripping this bug in " "the PROM, and you can avoid it by setting \n" "# echo \"2048 32767\" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range\n" " to adjust the range of source ports the Linux " "TFTP server uses." msgstr "" "如果您想要在一台 SGI 上安装 Debian 并且您的 TFTP 服务器是一台运行 Linux 2.4 " "的 GNU/Linux 机器,需要对服务器进行如下设置: \n" "# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_no_pmtu_disc\n" " 来关闭 Path MTU 查询,否则 SGI 的 PROM 不能下载内" "核。而且,您还要确保 TFTP 数据包是从一个不大于 32767 的端口送出,否则在第一包" "之后,下载将停止。重申一下,这是由于 Linux 2.4.X 触发了 PROM 里的一个 bug。您" "可以通过如下设置: \n" "# echo \"2048 32767\" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range\n" " 调整 Linux TFTP 服务器使用的源端口范围以避开这个" "错误。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1440 #, no-c-format msgid "Move TFTP Images Into Place" msgstr "将 TFTP 映像放到适当的位置" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1441 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, place the TFTP boot image you need, as found in , in the tftpd boot image directory. You may " "have to make a link from that file to the file which tftpd will use for booting a particular client. Unfortunately, the file " "name is determined by the TFTP client, and there are no strong standards." msgstr "" "接下来,将 中找到的 TFTP 启动映像放置到 " "tftpd 引导映像目录中。您可能需要将该文件链接到 " "tftpd 所使用的引导特定客户端的文件名。不幸的是,这个文件名" "完全决定于 TFTP 客户程序,而且没有一个强制的标准。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1450 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On NewWorld Power Macintosh machines, you will need to set up the " "yaboot boot loader as the TFTP boot image. " "Yaboot will then retrieve the kernel and RAMdisk images " "via TFTP itself. You will need to download the following files from the " "netboot/ directory:" msgstr "" "在 NewWorld Power Macintosh 上,您需要设置 yaboot boot " "loader 作为 TFTP 引导映像。Yaboot 接下来将通过 TFTP 来获到" "内核和内存虚拟磁盘映像。您需要从 netboot/ 目录下载一些文" "件:" #. Tag: filename #: install-methods.xml:1481 #, no-c-format msgid "boot.msg" msgstr "boot.msg" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1486 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the " "netboot/netboot.tar.gz tarball. Simply extract this " "tarball into the tftpd boot image directory. Make sure " "your dhcp server is configured to pass pxelinux.0 to " "tftpd as the filename to boot." msgstr "" "对于用 PXE 引导来说,您所需的只是建立 netboot/netboot.tar.gz 压缩包。只须将此包解压到 tftpd 引导映像目录下。" "并确保您的 DHCP 服务器的配置将会把 /pxelinux.0 作为启动" "所需的文件名传递给 tftpd。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1494 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the " "netboot/netboot.tar.gz tarball. Simply extract this " "tarball into the tftpd boot image directory. Make sure " "your dhcp server is configured to pass /debian-installer/ia64/" "elilo.efi to tftpd as the filename to boot." msgstr "" "对于用 PXE 引导来说,您所需的只是设置 netboot/netboot.tar.gz 压缩包。简单地将此包解压到 tftpd 引导映像目录" "下。并确保您的 DHCP 服务器配置将会把 /debian-installer/ia64/elilo." "efi 以启动所需的文件名传递至tftpd。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1506 #, no-c-format msgid "Alpha TFTP Booting" msgstr "Alpha TFTP 引导" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1507 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On Alpha, you must specify the filename (as a relative path to the boot " "image directory) using the -file argument to the SRM " "boot command, or by setting the BOOT_FILE environment variable. Alternatively, the filename can be given " "via BOOTP (in ISC dhcpd, use the filename directive). Unlike Open Firmware, there is no default " "filename on SRM, so you must specify a " "filename by either one of these methods." msgstr "" "在 Alpha 上,您必须通过 -file 参数将文件名(与启动引导" "映像目录的相对路径形式)指定给 SRM 的boot 命令,或者设" "置 BOOT_FILE 环境变量。或者,也可以通过 BOOTP 给出文件" "名(在 ISC 的 dhcpd 中,使用 filename 指令)。与 Open Firmware 不同的是,这里的 SRM 中没有缺省" "文件名,因此您 必须 通过以上方法之一来指定一" "个文件名。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1522 #, no-c-format msgid "SPARC TFTP Booting" msgstr "SPARC TFTP 引导" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1523 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some SPARC architectures add the subarchitecture names, such as " "SUN4M or SUN4C, to the filename. Thus, if your " "system's subarchitecture is a SUN4C, and its IP is 192.168.1.3, the filename " "would be C0A80103.SUN4C. However, there are also " "subarchitectures where the file the client looks for is just " "client-ip-in-hex. An easy way to determine the " "hexadecimal code for the IP address is to enter the following command in a " "shell (assuming the machine's intended IP is 10.0.0.4). " "\n" "$ printf '%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\\n' 10 0 0 4\n" " To get to the correct filename, you will need to " "change all letters to uppercase and if necessary append the subarchitecture " "name." msgstr "" "一些 SPARC 体系通常使用子体系名称,比如 SUN4M 或者 " "SUN4C。因此,如果您的系统子体系是 SUN4C,其 IP 是 " "192.168.1.3,则文件名为 C0A80103.SUN4C。然而,有些子体系" "客户端所需要的文件仅仅是 client-ip-in-hex。一个简易的确" "定 16 进制 IP 地址的方法是在 shell 中输入下列命令(假设机器的 IP 为 " "10.0.0.4)。\n" "$ printf '%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\\n' 10 0 0 4\n" "。要得到正确的文件名,您应该将所有的字母改成大写," "并在必要时加上子体系名。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1539 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you've done all this correctly, giving the command boot net from the OpenPROM should load the image. If the image cannot be " "found, try checking the logs on your tftp server to see which image name is " "being requested." msgstr "" "如果都正确完成,从 OpenPROM 使用 boot net 命令应该加载" "映像。假如映像找不到,查看 tftp 服务器的日志所需要的映像文件名。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1546 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also force some sparc systems to look for a specific file name by " "adding it to the end of the OpenPROM boot command, such as boot " "net my-sparc.image. This must still reside in the directory that " "the TFTP server looks in." msgstr "" "您也可以通过把一个特定的文件名附加到 OpenPROM boot 命令的结尾来强制某些 " "SPARC 系统使用它。比如 boot net my-sparc.image。不过它" "仍然必须被请放置在 TFTP 服务器要查找的目录中。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1557 #, no-c-format msgid "BVM/Motorola TFTP Booting" msgstr "BVM/Motorola TFTP 引导" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1558 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For BVM and Motorola VMEbus systems copy the files &bvme6000-tftp-files; to " "/tftpboot/." msgstr "" "对于 BVM 以及 Motorola VMEbus 系统来说,请先将 &bvme6000-tftp-files; 文件拷贝" "到 /tftpboot/。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1563 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, configure your boot ROMs or BOOTP server to initially load the " "tftplilo.bvme or tftplilo.mvme " "files from the TFTP server. Refer to the tftplilo.txt " "file for your subarchitecture for additional system-specific configuration " "information." msgstr "" "接下来,配置您的启动引导 ROM 或 BOOTP 服务器,使其从 TFTP 服务器中初始装入 " "tftplilo.bvme 或者 tftplilo.mvme 文" "件。请阅读 tftplilo.txt 文件来获得更多的关于您所使用的子" "体系的系统特殊配置信息。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1575 #, no-c-format msgid "SGI TFTP Booting" msgstr "SGI TFTP 引导" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1576 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On SGI machines you can rely on the bootpd to supply the " "name of the TFTP file. It is given either as the bf= " "in /etc/bootptab or as the filename= option in /etc/dhcpd.conf." msgstr "" "在 SGI 机器上您可以依靠 bootpd 来给出 FTFP 文件的名字。它" "既可以是以 bf= 形式在 /etc/bootptab 文件中设定,也可以是以 filename= 选项形式出" "现在 /etc/dhcpd.conf。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1588 #, no-c-format msgid "Broadcom BCM91250A and BCM91480B TFTP Booting" msgstr "Broadcom BCM91250A 与 BCM91480B TFTP 引导" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1589 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You don't have to configure DHCP in a special way because you'll pass the " "full path of the file to be loaded to CFE." msgstr "" "您不需要通过特殊方法设置 DHCP,因为您将传递文件的完全路径至装载的 CFE 。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1694 #, no-c-format msgid "Automatic Installation" msgstr "自动化安装" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1695 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully automatic " "installations. Debian packages intended for this include fai (which uses an install server), replicator, systemimager, autoinstall, and the Debian Installer itself." msgstr "" "对于有多台需要安装的计算机的情况,可以采用全自动安装的方式。用于此项任务的 " "Debian 软件包有 fai(需要使用一台安装服务器)、" "replicatorsystemimager、" "autoinstall,以及 Debian 安装程序本身。" #. Tag: title #: install-methods.xml:1708 #, no-c-format msgid "Automatic Installation Using the Debian Installer" msgstr "使用 Debian 安装程序进行自动安装" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1709 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Debian Installer supports automating installs via preconfiguration " "files. A preconfiguration file can be loaded from the network or from " "removable media, and used to fill in answers to questions asked during the " "installation process." msgstr "" "Debian 安装程序支持使用预先配置的文件进行自动安装。预置文件可以从网络或移动介" "质上加载,并自动回答安装过程中的问题。" #. Tag: para #: install-methods.xml:1716 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Full documentation on preseeding including a working example that you can " "edit is in ." msgstr "" "在 是有关预置文件的完整文档,并有一些可" "以使用的例子供您修改。"