# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-02 01:11+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-21 12:04+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Ji YongGang\n" "Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "System Requirements" msgstr "系统需求" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:7 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section contains information about what hardware you need to get " "started with Debian. You will also find links to further information about " "hardware supported by GNU and Linux." msgstr "" "本章包括运行 Debian 所需硬件的信息。您还能找到更多有关 GNU 和 Linux 所支持硬" "件的信息的链接。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:20 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported Hardware" msgstr "支持的硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:21 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debian does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements of the " "Linux kernel and the GNU tool-sets. Therefore, any architecture or platform " "to which the Linux kernel, libc, gcc, etc. have been " "ported, and for which a Debian port exists, can run Debian. Please refer to " "the Ports pages at for more details on " "&arch-title; architecture systems which have been tested with Debian." msgstr "" "Debian 不会超出 Linux 内核与 GNU 工具集所支持的硬件范围之外。因此，任何被移植" "了 Linux 内核、libc、gcc 等，并拥有对应的 Debian 移植版的" "硬件体系或平台都可以运行 Debian。请参考移植页面 以了解更多已被 Debian 测试过的 &arch-title; 体系。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:32 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Rather than attempting to describe all the different hardware configurations " "which are supported for &arch-title;, this section contains general " "information and pointers to where additional information can be found." msgstr "" "本章仅包含一些通用的信息，以及在何处可以获得更多信息的指导，而不是试图列出支" "持 &arch-title; 的所有不同硬件配置。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:41 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported Architectures" msgstr "支持的体系" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:42 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debian &release; supports eleven major architectures and several variations " "of each architecture known as flavors." msgstr "" "Debian &release; 支持十一种主要的体系和一些称为 flavors 的变" "种。" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:53 #, no-c-format msgid "Architecture" msgstr "体系" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:53 #, no-c-format msgid "Debian Designation" msgstr "Debian 命名" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:54 #, no-c-format msgid "Subarchitecture" msgstr "子体系" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:54 #, no-c-format msgid "Flavor" msgstr "Flavor" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:60 #, no-c-format msgid "Intel x86-based" msgstr "Intel x86-based" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:61 #, no-c-format msgid "i386" msgstr "i386" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:67 #, no-c-format msgid "AMD64 & Intel EM64T" msgstr "AMD64 & Intel EM64T" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:68 #, no-c-format msgid "amd64" msgstr "amd64" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:74 #, no-c-format msgid "ARM" msgstr "ARM" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:75 #, no-c-format msgid "armel" msgstr "armel" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:76 #, no-c-format msgid "Intel IOP32x" msgstr "Intel IOP32x" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:77 #, no-c-format msgid "iop32x" msgstr "iop32x" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "Intel IXP4xx" msgstr "Intel IXP4xx" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:80 #, no-c-format msgid "ixp4xx" msgstr "ixp4xx" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:82 #, no-c-format msgid "Marvell Kirkwood" msgstr "Marvell Kirkwood" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:83 #, no-c-format msgid "kirkwood" msgstr "kirkwood" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:85 #, no-c-format msgid "Marvell Orion" msgstr "Marvell Orion" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:86 #, no-c-format msgid "orion5x" msgstr "orion5x" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:88 #, no-c-format msgid "Versatile" msgstr "Versatile" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:89 #, no-c-format msgid "versatile" msgstr "versatile" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:93 #, no-c-format msgid "HP PA-RISC" msgstr "HP PA-RISC" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:94 #, no-c-format msgid "hppa" msgstr "hppa" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:95 #, no-c-format msgid "PA-RISC 1.1" msgstr "PA-RISC 1.1" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:96 #, no-c-format msgid "32" msgstr "32" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:98 #, no-c-format msgid "PA-RISC 2.0" msgstr "PA-RISC 2.0" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:99 #, no-c-format msgid "64" msgstr "64" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:103 #, no-c-format msgid "Intel IA-64" msgstr "Intel IA-64" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:104 #, no-c-format msgid "ia64" msgstr "ia64" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:110 #, no-c-format msgid "MIPS (big endian)" msgstr "MIPS (big endian)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:111 #, no-c-format msgid "mips" msgstr "mips" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:112 #, no-c-format msgid "SGI IP22 (Indy/Indigo 2)" msgstr "SGI IP22 (Indy/Indigo 2)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:113 #, no-c-format msgid "r4k-ip22" msgstr "r4k-ip22" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:115 #, no-c-format msgid "SGI IP32 (O2)" msgstr "SGI IP32 (O2)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:116 #, no-c-format msgid "r5k-ip32" msgstr "r5k-ip32" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:118 hardware.xml:131 #, no-c-format msgid "MIPS Malta (32 bit)" msgstr "MIPS Malta (32 bit)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:119 hardware.xml:132 #, no-c-format msgid "4kc-malta" msgstr "4kc-malta" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:121 hardware.xml:134 #, no-c-format msgid "MIPS Malta (64 bit)" msgstr "MIPS Malta (64 bit)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:122 hardware.xml:135 #, no-c-format msgid "5kc-malta" msgstr "5kc-malta" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:126 #, no-c-format msgid "MIPS (little endian)" msgstr "MIPS (little endian)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:127 #, no-c-format msgid "mipsel" msgstr "mipsel" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:128 #, no-c-format msgid "Cobalt" msgstr "Cobalt" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:129 #, no-c-format msgid "cobalt" msgstr "cobalt" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:139 #, no-c-format msgid "IBM/Motorola PowerPC" msgstr "IBM/Motorola PowerPC" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:140 #, no-c-format msgid "powerpc" msgstr "powerpc" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:141 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerMac" msgstr "PowerMac" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:142 #, no-c-format msgid "pmac" msgstr "pmac" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:144 #, no-c-format msgid "PReP" msgstr "PReP" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:145 #, no-c-format msgid "prep" msgstr "prep" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:149 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun SPARC" msgstr "Sun SPARC" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:150 #, no-c-format msgid "sparc" msgstr "sparc" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:151 #, no-c-format msgid "sun4u" msgstr "sun4u" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:152 #, no-c-format msgid "sparc64" msgstr "sparc64" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:154 #, no-c-format msgid "sun4v" msgstr "sun4v" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:158 #, no-c-format msgid "IBM S/390" msgstr "IBM S/390" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:159 #, no-c-format msgid "s390" msgstr "s390" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:160 #, no-c-format msgid "IPL from VM-reader and DASD" msgstr "来自 VM-reader 和 DASD 的 IPL" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:161 #, no-c-format msgid "generic" msgstr "generic" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:163 #, no-c-format msgid "IPL from tape" msgstr "来自 tape 的 IPL" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:164 #, no-c-format msgid "tape" msgstr "type" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:169 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This document covers installation for the &arch-title; " "architecture. If you are looking for information on any of the other Debian-" "supported architectures take a look at the Debian-Ports pages." msgstr "" "本文档主要讲述的是 &arch-title; 体系下的安装。如果您在寻" "找其他 Debian 所支持的体系的信息，请浏览 Debian-Ports 页面。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:178 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The &arch-title; architecture only supports Intel Itanium processors and not " "the much more common 64-bit processors from the EM64T family (including e.g. " "the Pentium D and the Core2 Duo). Those systems are supported by " "the amd64 architecture or, if you prefer a 32-bit " "userland, the i386 architecture." msgstr "" "&arch-title; 体系只支持 Intel Itanium 处理器，而不是常见的属于 EM64T 家族的 " "64 位处理器(包括像 Pentium D 和 Core2 Duo)。它们是被 " "amd64 体系支持。如果您希望使用 32 位系统，可以选择 " "i386 体系。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:188 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the first official release of &debian; for the &arch-title; " "architecture. We feel that it has proven itself sufficiently to be released. " "However, because it has not had the exposure (and hence testing by users) " "that some other architectures have had, you may encounter a few bugs. Use " "our Bug Tracking System to report any " "problems; make sure to mention the fact that the bug is on the &arch-title; " "platform. It can be necessary to use the debian-&arch-listname; mailing list as well." msgstr "" "此为第一个 &arch-title; 体系的 &debian; 官方发布版。我们认为它已经达到了可发" "布的质量要求。但是，由于它没有像其他体系那样得到足够的曝光(经过用户测试)，您" "可能会遇到一些 bug。请使用我们的 Bug 跟踪系统 来报告问题，并注明该 bug 是在 &arch-title; 平台上产生的。当然，您也可" "以使用 debian-&arch-listname; 邮件列表 来进行讨论。" # index.docbook:224, index.docbook:683, index.docbook:780, index.docbook:799, index.docbook:842, index.docbook:884, index.docbook:938, index.docbook:1085, index.docbook:1491 #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:210 hardware.xml:246 hardware.xml:352 hardware.xml:371 #: hardware.xml:454 hardware.xml:512 hardware.xml:565 #, no-c-format msgid "CPU, Main Boards, and Video Support" msgstr "CPU，主板和视频支持" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:211 hardware.xml:372 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Complete information concerning supported peripherals can be found at Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO. " "This section merely outlines the basics." msgstr "" "完整的周边设备支持情况信息可以在 Linux " "Hardware Compatibility HOWTO 中找到。本节只是基本的概况。" # index.docbook:808, index.docbook:914 #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:219 hardware.xml:380 hardware.xml:489 #, no-c-format msgid "CPU" msgstr "CPU" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:220 #, no-c-format msgid "Both AMD64 and Intel EM64T processors are supported." msgstr "AMD64 和 Intel EM64T 处理器都获得支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:248 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Each distinct ARM architecture requires its own kernel. Because of this the " "standard Debian distribution only supports installation on a number of the " "most common platforms. The Debian userland however may be used by " "any ARM CPU." msgstr "" "每种 ARM 体系要求使用各自的内核，正因为如此，Debian 标准发布版只支持安装到一" "些最常见的系统上。但 Debian userland 可以被 任何 ARM " "CPU 使用。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:257 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Most ARM CPUs may be run in either endian mode (big or little). However, the " "majority of current system implementation uses little-endian mode. Debian " "currently only supports little-endian ARM systems." msgstr "" "大多数的 ARM CPU 可以运行在(big 或 little)任一 endian 模式下。但是当前绝大多" "少系统的实现都是使用 little-endian 模式。Debian 现在也仅支持 little-endian " "ARM 系统。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:265 #, no-c-format msgid "The supported platforms are:" msgstr "获得支持的平台有：" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:272 #, no-c-format msgid "IOP32x" msgstr "IOP32x" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Intel's I/O Processor (IOP) line is found in a number of products related to " "data storage and processing. Debian currently supports the IOP32x platform, " "featuring the IOP 80219 and 32x chips commonly found in Network Attached " "Storage (NAS) devices. Debian explicitly supports two such devices: the " "GLAN Tank from IO-Data and " "the Thecus N2100." msgstr "" "Intel I/O Processor (IOP) 产品线可以在一些数据存储和处理的产品中找到。Debian " "当前支持 IOP32x 平台，IOP 80219 和 32x 芯片通常在 Network Attached Storage " "(NAS) 设备上找到。Debian 明确支持两个设备：IO-Data 的 GLAN Tank 和 Thecus N2100。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:286 #, no-c-format msgid "IXP4xx" msgstr "IXP4xx" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:287 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The IXP4xx platform is based on Intel's XScale ARM core. Currently, only one " "IXP4xx based system is supported, the Linksys NSLU2. The Linksys NSLU2 " "(Network Storage Link for USB 2.0 Disk Drives) is a small device which " "allows you to easily provide storage via the network. It comes with an " "Ethernet connection and two USB ports to which hard drives can be connected. " "There is an external site with installation instructions." msgstr "" "IXP4xx 平台基于 Intel XScale ARM 核心。当前，只有一个基于 IXP4xx 的系统被支" "持，Linksys NSLU2。Linksys NSLU2 (Network Storage Link for USB 2.0 Disk " "Drives) 是一个通过网络提供易用存储的小型设备。它提供了一个以太网接口和两个 " "USB 端口来连接硬盘。这里有一个外部网站 installation instructions。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "Kirkwood" msgstr "Kirkwood" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:302 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Kirkwood is a system on a chip (SoC) from Marvell that integrates an ARM " "CPU, Ethernet, SATA, USB, and other functionality in one chip. We currently " "support the following Kirkwood based devices: OpenRD (OpenRD-Base and OpenRD-" "Client), SheevaPlug and " "QNAP Turbo Station (TS-" "110, TS-119, TS-210, TS-219 and TS-219P; the TS-410 and TS-419P are not yet " "supported)." msgstr "" "Kirkwood 是 Marvell 的 SoC (system on a chip) 产品，该芯片上集成了 ARM CPU、" "Ethernet、SATA、USB，以及一些其他的功能。当前我们能支持以下几种基于 Kirkwood " "的设备： OpenRD (OpenRD-Base 和 OpenRD-Client)、SheevaPlug 和 QNAP Turbo Station (TS-110, TS-119, TS-210, TS-219 和 TS-" "219P; TS-410 和 TS-419P 仍然不被支持)。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:317 #, no-c-format msgid "Orion5x" msgstr "Orion5x" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:318 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Orion is a system on a chip (SoC) from Marvell that integrates an ARM CPU, " "Ethernet, SATA, USB, and other functionality in one chip. There are many " "Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices on the market that are based on an " "Orion chip. We currently support the following Orion based devices: Buffalo Kurobox, HP mv2120, QNAP Turbo Station (TS-109, TS-209 and TS-409)." msgstr "" "Orion 是 Marvell 的 SoC (system on a chip) 产品，芯片上集成了 ARM CPU、以太" "网、SATA、USB，以及一些其他的功能。现在市场上有很多 NAS (Network Attached " "Storage) 设备基于 Orion 芯片。我们能支持以下几种基于 Orion 的设备： Buffalo Kurobox、HP mv2120、 QNAP Turbo Station (TS-109, TS-209 and TS-409)。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:333 #, no-c-format msgid "Versatile" msgstr "Versatile" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:334 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Versatile platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to " "test and run Debian on ARM if you don't have the hardware." msgstr "" "Versatile 平台由 QEMU 模拟，如果您没有硬件设备，用它来测试运行在 ARM 上的 " "Debian 是一个不错的方法。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:353 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are two major support &architecture; flavors: PA-" "RISC 1.1 and PA-RISC 2.0. The PA-RISC 1.1 architecture is targeted at 32-bit " "processors whereas the 2.0 architecture is targeted to the 64-bit " "processors. Some systems are able to run either kernel. In both cases, the " "userland is 32-bit. There is the possibility of a 64-bit userland in the " "future." msgstr "" "有两个主要支持的 &architecture; 变种：PA-RISC 1.1 和 PA-" "RISC 2.0。PA-RISC 1.1 体系目标是 32 位处理器，而 2.0 体系目标是 64 位处理器。" "有一些系统可以运行任一种内核。两者的 userland 都是 32 位的。将来也许会有 64 " "位的 userland。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:381 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Nearly all x86-based (IA-32) processors still in use in personal computers " "are supported, including all varieties of Intel's \"Pentium\" series. This " "also includes 32-bit AMD and VIA (former Cyrix) processors, and processors " "like the Athlon XP and Intel P4 Xeon." msgstr "" "几乎所有个人计算机中基于 x86 (IA-32) 的处理器都支持，包括所有的 Intel " "\"Pentium\" 系列变种。还包括 32 位 AMD 和 VIA (前身是 Cyrix) 处理器，以及像 " "Athlon XP 和 Intel P4 Xeon 这些处理器。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:388 #, no-c-format msgid "" "However, Debian GNU/Linux &releasename; will not run on " "386 or earlier processors. Despite the architecture name \"i386\", support " "for actual 80386 processors (and their clones) was dropped with the Sarge " "(r3.1) release of Debian We have long tried to avoid this, " "but in the end it was necessary due a unfortunate series of issues with the " "compiler and the kernel, starting with an bug in the C++ ABI provided by " "GCC. You should still be able to run Debian GNU/Linux on actual 80386 " "processors if you compile your own kernel and compile all packages from " "source, but that is beyond the scope of this manual. . " "(No version of Linux has ever supported the 286 or earlier chips in the " "series.) All i486 and later processors are still supported " "Many Debian packages will actually run slightly faster on modern computers " "as a positive side effect of dropping support for these old chips. The i486, " "introduced in 1989, has three opcodes (bswap, cmpxchg, and xadd) which the " "i386, introduced in 1986, did not have. Previously, these could not be " "easily used by most Debian packages; now they can. ." msgstr "" "然而，Debian GNU/Linux &releasename; 将不能运行在 386 或" "更早的处理器上。尽管体系命名为 \"i386\"，Debian 的 Sarge (r3.1) 版已经" "放弃对真正的 80386 处理器(以及它们的克隆)的支持，过去的" "版本曾经支持 我们已经尽力避免，但由于编译器和内核的一系列因" "素，起因是 GCC 提供的 C++ ABI 的 bug，最终只能如此。如果您自己动手从源码编译" "内核和所有的软件包，仍然可以将 Debian GNU/Linux 运行在真正的 80386 处理器上，" "这部分内容超出了本手册的范畴。 。(Linux 从来没有任何版本支" "持 286 或更早的芯片。) 所有的 i486 和后续的处理器仍然支持 许" "多 Debian 软件包在新的计算机上可以运行地稍微快一点，但另一方面却舍弃了对旧芯" "片的支持。1989 年发布的 i486 有三个 opcode (bswap、cmpxchg 和 xadd)，然而 " "1986 年发布的 i386 却没有。以前，Debian 软件包不能使用它们，现在可以了。 。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:421 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your system has a 64-bit processor from the AMD64 or Intel EM64T " "families, you will probably want to use the installer for the amd64 " "architecture instead of the installer for the (32-bit) i386 architecture." msgstr "" "假如您的系统中有 64 位 AMD64、Intel EM64T 家族的处理器，那么您该用 amd64 架构" "的安装程序替代 (32位) i386 架构的安装程序。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:430 #, no-c-format msgid "I/O Bus" msgstr "I/O 总线" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:431 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The system bus is the part of the motherboard which allows the CPU to " "communicate with peripherals such as storage devices. Your computer must use " "the ISA, EISA, PCI, PCIe, or VESA Local Bus (VLB, sometimes called the VL " "bus). Essentially all personal computers sold in recent years use one of " "these." msgstr "" "系统总线作为主板的一部分用于 CPU 和诸如存储设备之类的周边设备通讯。您的计算机" "必须使用 ISA、EISA、PCI、PCIe 或者 VESA Local Bus(VLB, 有时称为 VL 总线)。近" "年来出售的个人电脑都会使用里面的一种。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:455 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debian on &arch-title; supports the following platforms: " " SGI IP22: this platform includes the SGI machines Indy, " "Indigo 2 and Challenge S. Since these machines are very similar, whenever " "this document refers to the SGI Indy, the Indigo 2 and Challenge S are meant " "as well. SGI IP32: this platform is " "generally known as SGI O2. MIPS Malta: " "this platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to test and " "run Debian on MIPS if you don't have the hardware. Complete information regarding supported mips/mipsel machines " "can be found at the Linux-MIPS homepage. In the following, only the systems supported by the Debian installer " "will be covered. If you are looking for support for other subarchitectures, " "please contact the debian-&arch-" "listname; mailing list." msgstr "" "&arch-title; 上的 Debian 支持以下平台： SGI " "IP22： 该平台包括的 SGI 的 Indy、Indigo 2 和 Challenge S。由于这些机器非常近" "似，在本文档中所指的 SGI Indy 同样也代表 Indigo 2 与 Challenge S。 SGI IP32：该平台常被称为 SGI O2。 MIPS Malta：该平台由 QEMU 模拟，如果您没有硬件设" "备，用它来测试 MIPS 上的 Debian 是个不错的方法。 关于支持 mips/mipsel 机器的完整信息见 Linux-MIPS homepage。以下只涉及 Debian 安装程序所支持的系统。" "如果您在寻找其它子系统的支持，请联系 " "debian-&arch-listname; mailing list。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:490 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On SGI IP22, SGI Indy, Indigo 2 and Challenge S with R4000, R4400, R4600 and " "R5000 processors are supported by the Debian installation system on big " "endian MIPS. On SGI IP32, currently only systems based on the R5000 are " "supported." msgstr "" "Debian 安装系统支持 big endian MIPS 上的 SGI IP22、SGI Indy、Indigo 2 和具有 " "R4000、R4400、R4600 和 R5000 处理器的 Challenge S。对于 SGI IP32，当前只支持 " "R5000。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:496 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some MIPS machines can be operated in both big and little endian mode. For " "little endian MIPS, please read the documentation for the mipsel " "architecture." msgstr "" "一些 MIPS 机器既可在 big 出可以在 little endian 模式下操作。对于 little " "endian MIPS，请阅读 mipsel 体系的相关文档。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:513 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debian on &arch-title; supports the following platforms: " " Cobalt Microserver: only MIPS based Cobalt machines are " "covered here. This includes the Cobalt RaQ, Qube2 and RaQ2, and the Gateway " "Microserver. MIPS Malta: this platform " "is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to test and run Debian on " "MIPS if you don't have the hardware. " "Complete information regarding supported mips/mipsel machines can be found " "at the Linux-MIPS homepage. In the " "following, only the systems supported by the Debian installer will be " "covered. If you are looking for support for other subarchitectures, please " "contact the debian-&arch-listname; " "mailing list." msgstr "" "&arch-title; 上的 Debian 支持以下平台： " "Cobalt Microserver：只适用基于 MIPS 的 Cobalt 机器。包括 Cobalt RaQ、Qube2 " "和 RaQ2，以及 Gateway Microserver。 MIPS " "Malta：该平台由 QEMU 模拟，如果您没有硬件设备，使用它来测试运行在 MIPS 上的 " "Debian 是个不错的方法。 有关支持 mips/" "mipsel 机器的完整信息见 Linux-MIPS homepage。以下只涉及 Debian 安装程序所支持的系统。如果您寻找其它子系统的支持，" "请联系 debian-&arch-listname; mailing " "list。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:541 #, no-c-format msgid "CPU/Machine types" msgstr "CPU/机器类型" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:543 #, no-c-format msgid "" "All MIPS based Cobalt machines are supported with the exception of the Qube " "2700 (Qube 1)." msgstr "除了 Qube 2700 (Qube 1)，其他所有基于 MIPS 的 Cobalt 机器都获得支持。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:551 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported console options" msgstr "支持的控制台选项" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:552 #, no-c-format msgid "Cobalt machines use 115200 bps." msgstr "使用 115200 bps 的 Cobalt 机器。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:566 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For &debian; &release; only the PMac (Power-Macintosh or PowerMac) and PreP " "subarchitectures are supported." msgstr "" "对于 &debian; &release; 来说，只有 PMac (Power-Macintosh 或 PowerMac) 和 " "PreP 子体系获得支持。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:587 #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel Flavours" msgstr "内核变种" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:589 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are two flavours of the powerpc kernel in Debian, based on the CPU " "type:" msgstr "在 Debian 中有两种基于 CPU 类型的 powerpc 内核：" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:596 #, no-c-format msgid "powerpc" msgstr "powerpc" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:597 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Most systems use this kernel flavour, which supports the PowerPC 601, 603, " "604, 740, 750, and 7400 processors. All Apple PowerMac machines up to and " "including the one marketed as G4 use one of these processors." msgstr "" "绝大多数系统使用这种内核，它支持 PowerPC 601、603、604、740、750 与 7400 处理" "器。所有 Apple PowerMac 以后的系统包括 G4 都使用这其中的处理器。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:607 #, no-c-format msgid "power64" msgstr "power64" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:608 #, no-c-format msgid "The power64 kernel flavour supports the following CPUs:" msgstr "power64 内核支持以下的 CPU：" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:612 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The POWER3 processor is used in older IBM 64-bit server systems: known " "models include the IntelliStation POWER Model 265, the pSeries 610 and 640, " "and the RS/6000 7044-170, 7043-260, and 7044-270." msgstr "" "POWER3 处理器用于早期的 IBM 64 位服务器系统： 已知的型号包括 IntelliStation " "POWER Model 265、pSeries 610 与 640，以及 RS/6000 7044-170、7043-260 和 7044-" "270。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:618 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The POWER4 processor is used in more recent IBM 64-bit server systems: known " "models include the pSeries 615, 630, 650, 655, 670, and 690." msgstr "" "POWER4 处理器用于最新的 IBM 64 位服务器系统： 已知的型号包括 pSeries 615、" "630、650、655、670 和 690。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:623 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Systems using the Apple G5 (PPC970FX processor) are also based on the POWER4 " "architecture, and use this kernel flavour." msgstr "" "采用 Apple G5 (PPC970FX 处理器) 的系统也是基于 POWER4 体系，并使用这种内核。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:657 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh (pmac) subarchitecture" msgstr "Power Macintosh (pmac) 子体系" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:659 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Apple (and briefly a few other manufacturers — Power Computing, for " "example) made a series of Macintosh computers based on the PowerPC " "processor. For purposes of architecture support, they are categorized as " "NuBus (not supported by Debian), OldWorld, and NewWorld." msgstr "" "Apple (以及其它一些制造商 — 比如 Power Computing) 生产了一系列基于 " "PowerPC 处理器 的 Macintosh 计算机。为体系支持的目的，它们被划分为 NuBus" "(Debian 没有支持)、OldWorld PCI 和 NewWorld。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:666 #, no-c-format msgid "" "OldWorld systems are most Power Macintoshes with a floppy drive and a PCI " "bus. Most 603, 603e, 604, and 604e based Power Macintoshes are OldWorld " "machines. Those pre-iMac PowerPC models from Apple use a four digit naming " "scheme, except for the beige colored G3 systems, which are also OldWorld." msgstr "" "OldWorld 系统多数为带软驱和 PCI 总线的 Power Macintosh。大多数基于 603、" "603e、604 和 604e 的 Power Macintosh 是 OldWorld 机器。除了米色的 G3 系统，这" "些 Apple iMac PowerPC 前身使用 4 位数字命名方式，它们都是 OldWorld 的。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:674 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The so called NewWorld PowerMacs are any PowerMacs in translucent colored " "plastic cases and later models. That includes all iMacs, iBooks, G4 systems, " "blue colored G3 systems, and most PowerBooks manufactured in and after 1999. " "The NewWorld PowerMacs are also known for using the ROM in RAM system for MacOS, and were manufactured from mid-1998 onwards." msgstr "" "被称做 NewWorld PowerMacs 是那些有半透明塑料外壳的机器。包括所有的 iMacs、" "iBook、G4 系统、蓝色的 G3 系统、和大多数 1999 年及以后生产的 PowerBook。" "NewWorld PowerMacs 也是 1998 下半年以后制造，使用 ROM in RAM " "MacOS 的系统。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:682 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Specifications for Apple hardware are available at AppleSpec, and, for older " "hardware, AppleSpec Legacy." msgstr "" "Apple 硬件的规格说明位于 AppleSpec，另外，对于旧硬件，参见 AppleSpec " "Legacy。" # index.docbook:1240, index.docbook:1375, index.docbook:1419, index.docbook:1448 #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:698 hardware.xml:833 hardware.xml:877 hardware.xml:906 #, no-c-format msgid "Model Name/Number" msgstr "型号名称/编号" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:699 #, no-c-format msgid "Generation" msgstr "世代" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:705 #, no-c-format msgid "Apple" msgstr "Apple" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:706 #, no-c-format msgid "iMac Bondi Blue, 5 Flavors, Slot Loading" msgstr "iMac Bondi Blue, 5 Flavors, Slot Loading" # index.docbook:1249, index.docbook:1252, index.docbook:1255, index.docbook:1258, index.docbook:1261, index.docbook:1264, index.docbook:1267, index.docbook:1270, index.docbook:1273, index.docbook:1276, index.docbook:1279, index.docbook:1282, index.docbook:1285, index.docbook:1288, index.docbook:1291, index.docbook:1294 #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:707 hardware.xml:710 hardware.xml:713 hardware.xml:716 #: hardware.xml:719 hardware.xml:722 hardware.xml:725 hardware.xml:728 #: hardware.xml:731 hardware.xml:734 hardware.xml:737 hardware.xml:740 #: hardware.xml:743 hardware.xml:746 hardware.xml:749 hardware.xml:752 #, no-c-format msgid "NewWorld" msgstr "NewWorld" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:709 #, no-c-format msgid "iMac Summer 2000, Early 2001" msgstr "iMac Summer 2000, Early 2001" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:712 #, no-c-format msgid "iMac G5" msgstr "iMac G5" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:715 #, no-c-format msgid "iBook, iBook SE, iBook Dual USB" msgstr "iBook, iBook SE, iBook Dual USB" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:718 #, no-c-format msgid "iBook2" msgstr "iBook2" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:721 #, no-c-format msgid "iBook G4" msgstr "iBook G4" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:724 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh Blue and White (B&W) G3" msgstr "Power Macintosh Blue and White (B&W) G3" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:727 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh G4 PCI, AGP, Cube" msgstr "Power Macintosh G4 PCI, AGP, Cube" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:730 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh G4 Gigabit Ethernet" msgstr "Power Macintosh G4 Gigabit Ethernet" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:733 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh G4 Digital Audio, Quicksilver" msgstr "Power Macintosh G4 Digital Audio, Quicksilver" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:736 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh G5" msgstr "Power Macintosh G5" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:739 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook G3 FireWire Pismo (2000)" msgstr "PowerBook G3 FireWire Pismo (2000)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:742 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook G3 Lombard (1999)" msgstr "PowerBook G3 Lombard (1999)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:745 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook G4 Titanium" msgstr "PowerBook G4 Titanium" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:748 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook G4 Aluminum" msgstr "PowerBook G4 Aluminum" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:751 #, no-c-format msgid "Xserve G5" msgstr "Xserve G5" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:754 #, no-c-format msgid "Performa 4400, 54xx, 5500" msgstr "Performa 4400, 54xx, 5500" # index.docbook:1297, index.docbook:1300, index.docbook:1303, index.docbook:1306, index.docbook:1309, index.docbook:1312, index.docbook:1315, index.docbook:1318, index.docbook:1321, index.docbook:1324, index.docbook:1327, index.docbook:1330, index.docbook:1336, index.docbook:1339, index.docbook:1345, index.docbook:1351, index.docbook:1357 #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:755 hardware.xml:758 hardware.xml:761 hardware.xml:764 #: hardware.xml:767 hardware.xml:770 hardware.xml:773 hardware.xml:776 #: hardware.xml:779 hardware.xml:782 hardware.xml:785 hardware.xml:788 #: hardware.xml:794 hardware.xml:797 hardware.xml:803 hardware.xml:809 #: hardware.xml:815 #, no-c-format msgid "OldWorld" msgstr "OldWorld" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:757 #, no-c-format msgid "Performa 6360, 6400, 6500" msgstr "Performa 6360, 6400, 6500" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:760 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh 4400, 5400" msgstr "Power Macintosh 4400, 5400" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:763 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh 7200, 7300, 7500, 7600" msgstr "Power Macintosh 7200, 7300, 7500, 7600" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:766 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh 8200, 8500, 8600" msgstr "Power Macintosh 8200, 8500, 8600" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:769 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh 9500, 9600" msgstr "Power Macintosh 9500, 9600" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:772 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh (Beige) G3 Minitower" msgstr "Power Macintosh (Beige) G3 Minitower" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:775 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Macintosh (Beige) Desktop, All-in-One" msgstr "Power Macintosh (Beige) Desktop, All-in-One" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:778 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook 2400, 3400, 3500" msgstr "PowerBook 2400, 3400, 3500" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:781 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBook G3 Wallstreet (1998)" msgstr "PowerBook G3 Wallstreet (1998)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:784 #, no-c-format msgid "Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh" msgstr "Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:787 #, no-c-format msgid "Workgroup Server 7250, 7350, 8550, 9650, G3" msgstr "Workgroup Server 7250, 7350, 8550, 9650, G3" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:792 #, no-c-format msgid "Power Computing" msgstr "Power Computing" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:793 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerBase, PowerTower / Pro, PowerWave" msgstr "PowerBase, PowerTower / Pro, PowerWave" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "PowerCenter / Pro, PowerCurve" msgstr "PowerCenter / Pro, PowerCurve" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:801 #, no-c-format msgid "UMAX" msgstr "UMAX" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:802 #, no-c-format msgid "C500, C600, J700, S900" msgstr "C500, C600, J700, S900" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:807 #, no-c-format msgid "APS" msgstr "APS" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:808 #, no-c-format msgid "APS Tech M*Power 604e/2000" msgstr "APS Tech M*Power 604e/2000" # index.docbook:1355, index.docbook:1381 #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:813 hardware.xml:839 #, no-c-format msgid "Motorola" msgstr "Motorola" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:814 #, no-c-format msgid "Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, 5500" msgstr "Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, 5500" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:823 #, no-c-format msgid "PReP subarchitecture" msgstr "PReP 子体系" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:840 #, no-c-format msgid "Firepower, PowerStack Series E, PowerStack II" msgstr "Firepower, PowerStack Series E, PowerStack II" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:842 #, no-c-format msgid "MPC 7xx, 8xx" msgstr "MPC 7xx, 8xx" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:844 #, no-c-format msgid "MTX, MTX+" msgstr "MTX, MTX+" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:846 #, no-c-format msgid "MVME2300(SC)/24xx/26xx/27xx/36xx/46xx" msgstr "MVME2300(SC)/24xx/26xx/27xx/36xx/46xx" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:848 #, no-c-format msgid "MCP(N)750" msgstr "MCP(N)750" # index.docbook:1394, index.docbook:1425 #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:852 hardware.xml:883 #, no-c-format msgid "IBM RS/6000" msgstr "IBM RS/6000" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:853 #, no-c-format msgid "40P, 43P" msgstr "40P, 43P" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:855 #, no-c-format msgid "Power 830/850/860 (6070, 6050)" msgstr "Power 830/850/860 (6070, 6050)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:857 #, no-c-format msgid "6030, 7025, 7043" msgstr "6030, 7025, 7043" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:859 #, no-c-format msgid "p640" msgstr "p640" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:867 #, no-c-format msgid "CHRP subarchitecture (unsupported)" msgstr "CHRP 子体系 (不支持)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:884 #, no-c-format msgid "B50, 43P-150, 44P" msgstr "B50, 43P-150, 44P" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:887 #, no-c-format msgid "Genesi" msgstr "Genesi" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:888 #, no-c-format msgid "Pegasos I, Pegasos II" msgstr "Pegasos I, Pegasos II" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:896 #, no-c-format msgid "APUS subarchitecture (unsupported)" msgstr "APUS 子体系 (不支持)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:912 #, no-c-format msgid "Amiga Power-UP Systems (APUS)" msgstr "Amiga Power-UP Systems (APUS)" #. Tag: entry #: hardware.xml:913 #, no-c-format msgid "A1200, A3000, A4000" msgstr "A1200, A3000, A4000" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:921 #, no-c-format msgid "Nubus PowerMac subarchitecture (unsupported)" msgstr "Nubus PowerMac 子体系 (不支持)" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:923 #, no-c-format msgid "" "NuBus systems are not currently supported by Debian/powerpc. The monolithic " "Linux/PPC kernel architecture does not have support for these machines; " "instead, one must use the MkLinux Mach microkernel, which Debian does not " "yet support. These include the following: " "Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100 " "Performa 5200, 6200, 6300 Powerbook " "1400, 2300, and 5300 Workgroup Server " "6150, 8150, 9150 A linux kernel for these " "machines and limited support is available at ." msgstr "" "NuBus 系统现在还不被 Debian/powerpc 支持。单内核的 Linux/PPC 内核体系不支持这" "些机器；而必须使用 MkLinux Mach 微内核，而它未被 Debian 支持。它们包括： " " Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100 Performa 5200, 6200, 6300 " " Powerbook 1400, 2300 和 5300 " " Workgroup Server 6150, 8150, 9150 对这些机器提供有限支持的 linux 内核位于 " #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:960 #, no-c-format msgid "Non-PowerPC Macs" msgstr "Non-PowerPC Macs" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:962 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Macintosh computers using the 680x0 series of processors are not in the PowerPC family but are instead m68k machines. Those models " "start with Mac II series, go on to the LC " "family, then the Centris series, and culminate in the Quadras and Performas. " "These models usually have a Roman numeral or 3-digit model number such as " "Mac IIcx, LCIII or Quadra 950." msgstr "" "使用 680x0 系列的 Macintosh 计算机不属于 PowerPC 家族，而是 m68k 机器。这些机" "器型号自 Mac II 开始，经历 LC 家族，然后是 " "Centris 系列，至 Quadras 与 Performas 达到顶峰。这些型号使用罗马数字或 3 位数" "字，像 Mac IIcx、LCIII 或 Quadra 950。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:971 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This model range started with the Mac II (Mac II, IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIsi, " "IIvi, IIvx, IIfx), then the LC (LC, LCII, III, III+, 475, 520, 550, 575, " "580, 630), then the Mac TV, then the Centris (610, 650, 660AV), the Quadra " "(605, 610, 630, 650, 660AV, 700, 800, 840AV, 900, 950), and finally the " "Performa 200-640CD." msgstr "" "该型号范围始于 Mac II (Mac II, IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIsi, IIvi, IIvx, IIfx), 然后" "是 LC (LC, LCII, III, III+, 475, 520, 550, 575, 580, 630), 接着是 Mac TV, 还" "有 Centris (610, 650, 660AV), Quadra (605, 610, 630, 650, 660AV, 700, 800, " "840AV, 900, 950), 最后是 Performa 200-640CD。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:979 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In laptops, it started with the Mac Portable, then the PowerBook 100-190cs " "and the PowerBook Duo 210-550c (excluding PowerBook 500 which is Nubus, " "please see the section above)." msgstr "" "便携机方面，它起始于 Mac Portable，然后是 PowerBook 100-190cs 和 PowerBook " "Duo 210-550c (不包含带有 Nubus 的 PowerBook 500，见前面说明。)" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:995 #, no-c-format msgid "S/390 and zSeries machine types" msgstr "S/390 与 zSeries 机器类型" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:996 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Complete information regarding supported S/390 and zSeries machines can be " "found in IBM's Redbook Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and S/390: " "Distributions in chapter 2.1 or at the zSeries page at the " "developerWorks. In short, G5, Multiprise 3000, G6 and all zSeries " "are fully supported; Multiprise 2000, G3 and G4 machines are supported with " "IEEE floating point emulation and thus degraded performance." msgstr "" "有关 S/390 和 zSeries 机器支持的完整信息参见 IBM 的 Redbook Linux for " "IBM eServer zSeries and S/390: Distributions 第 2.1 章节，或者 " "developerWorks 网站上的 zSeries 页面。简而言之，G5、Multiprise " "3000、G6 以及所有的 zSeries 都可以得到完整的支持；Multiprise 2000、G3 和 G4 " "机器使用 IEEE 浮点模拟来支持，因此会降低性能。" # index.docbook:224, index.docbook:683, index.docbook:780, index.docbook:799, index.docbook:842, index.docbook:884, index.docbook:938, index.docbook:1085, index.docbook:1491 #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1018 #, no-c-format msgid "CPU and Main Boards Support" msgstr "CPU 和主板支持" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1019 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Sparc-based hardware is divided into a number of different subarchitectures, " "identified by one of the following names: sun4, sun4c, sun4d, sun4m, sun4u " "or sun4v. The following list describes what machines they include and what " "level of support may be expected for each of them." msgstr "" "基于 sparc 的硬件分成不同的子体系，标识为下列名称：sun4、sun4c、sun4d、" "sun4m、sun4u 或 sun4v。下面说明包括哪些机器，以及每个获得支持的级别。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:1030 #, no-c-format msgid "sun4, sun4c, sun4d, sun4m" msgstr "sun4, sun4c, sun4d, sun4m" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1032 #, no-c-format msgid "" "None of these 32-bit sparc subarchitectures (sparc32) is supported. For a " "complete list of machines belonging to these subarchitectures, please " "consult the Wikipedia SPARCstation page." msgstr "" "这些 32 位 sparc 子体系不再获得支持。属于此子体系机器的完整列表，请查阅 " "Wikipedia " "SPARCstation page。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1039 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The last Debian release to support sparc32 was Etch, but even then only for " "sun4m systems. Support for the other 32-bits subarchitectures had already " "been discontinued after earlier releases." msgstr "" "支持 sparc32 的最新 Debian 发布版本是 Etch，但也仅针对 sun4m 系统。其它的 32 " "位子体系在上一版本后已经停止支持。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:1049 #, no-c-format msgid "sun4u" msgstr "sun4u" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1051 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This subarchitecture includes all 64-bit machines (sparc64) based on the " "UltraSparc processor and its clones. Most of the machines are well " "supported, even though for some you may experience problems booting from CD " "due to firmware or bootloader bugs (this problem may be worked around by " "using netbooting). Use the sparc64 or sparc64-smp kernel in UP and SMP " "configurations respectively." msgstr "" "该子体系包括所有的基于 UltraSparc 处理器的 64 位机器(sparc64)及其克隆。大多数" "机器支持得很好，即使如此，您也可能会遇到因固件或 bootloader bug 引起的 CD 引" "导问题(该问题可通过使用网络引导避开)。分别地使用 sparc64 或 sparc64-smp 内核" "到 UP 和 SMP 配置中。" #. Tag: term #: hardware.xml:1064 #, no-c-format msgid "sun4v" msgstr "sun4v" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1066 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the newest addition to the Sparc family, which includes machines " "based on the Niagara multi-core CPUs. At the moment such CPUs are only " "available in T1000 and T2000 servers by Sun, and are well supported. Use the " "sparc64-smp kernel." msgstr "" "这是 Sparc 家族中的最新成员，它们包括基于 Niagara 多核 CPU 的机器。当前该 " "CPU 只存在于 Sun 的 T1000 和 T2000 服务器上，并能很好地支持。使用 sparc64-" "smp 内核。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1077 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that Fujitsu's SPARC64 CPUs used in PRIMEPOWER family of servers are " "not supported due to lack of support in the Linux kernel." msgstr "" "注意，使用富士通 SPARC64 CPU 的 PRIMEPOWER 家族服务器因为缺乏 Linux 内核的支" "持而得不到支持。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1086 #, no-c-format msgid "Laptops" msgstr "便携机" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1087 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Laptops are also supported and nowadays most laptops work out of the box. In " "case a laptop contains specialized or proprietary hardware, some specific " "functions may not be supported. To see if your particular laptop works well " "with GNU/Linux, see for example the Linux " "Laptop pages." msgstr "" "便携机也受到支持，而且现今大多数便携机都支持。因为便携机通常使用特制或专有的" "硬件，因此有些特定的功能无法得到支持。要了解您的便携机是否能在 GNU/Linux 下正" "常工作，请参考 Linux 便携机页面。" # index.docbook:1624, index.docbook:1649, index.docbook:1672 #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1099 hardware.xml:1122 hardware.xml:1142 hardware.xml:1165 #, no-c-format msgid "Multiple Processors" msgstr "多处理器" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1100 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Multiprocessor support — also called symmetric multiprocessing or SMP — is available for this architecture. The standard " "Debian &release; kernel image has been compiled with SMP support. The " "standard kernel is also usable on non-SMP systems, but has a slight overhead " "which will cause a small reduction in performance. For normal system use " "this will hardly be noticable." msgstr "" "多处理器支持 — 又称 symmetric multiprocessing 或 SMP " "— 在本体系架构下可以使用。标准的 Debian &release; 内核映像在编译时已经" "加入了 SMP 功能。标准内核也可以在非 SMP 系统下使用，只不过多些系统开销降低了" "一些性能。在普通系统中使用时几乎不会察觉。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1109 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to optimize the kernel for single CPU systems, you'll have to " "replace the standard Debian kernel. You can find a discussion of how to do " "this in . At this time (kernel version " "&kernelversion;) the way you disable SMP is to deselect &smp-config-" "option; in the &smp-config-section; section of the " "kernel config." msgstr "" "为了给单 CPU 系统优化内核，您需要替换标准的 Debian 内核。您可以在 找到相关的讨论。当前(内核版本 &kernelversion;)，" "禁止 SMP 选项的方法是在内核配置的 &smp-config-section; 中取消" "选择 &smp-config-option;。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1124 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Multiprocessor support — also called symmetric multiprocessing or SMP — is available for this architecture. The standard " "Debian &release; kernel image has been compiled with SMP-" "alternatives support. This means that the kernel will detect the " "number of processors (or processor cores) and will automatically deactivate " "SMP on uniprocessor systems." msgstr "" "多处理器支持 — 又称 symmetric multiprocessing 或 SMP " "— 在本体系架构下可以使用。标准的 Debian &release; 内核映像在编译时已经" "加入了 SMP-alternatives 支持。也就是内核可以侦测处理器" "的数量(或者处理器核心数)，并在单内核系统上自动关闭 SMP 的功能。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1133 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The 486 flavour of the Debian kernel image packages for &arch-title; is not " "compiled with SMP support." msgstr "&arch-title; 的 486 Debian 内核映像软件包没有支持 SMP 。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1143 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Multiprocessor support — also called symmetric multiprocessing or SMP — is available for this architecture. However, the " "standard Debian &release; kernel image does not support SMP. This should not " "prevent installation, since the standard, non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP " "systems; the kernel will simply use the first CPU." msgstr "" "多处理器支持 — 又称 symmetric multiprocessing 或 SMP " "— 在本体系架构下可以使用。但是，标准的 Debian &release; 内核映像并不支" "持 SMP。这不会影响安装，因为非 SMP 的内核也能在 SMP 的系统下启动，只不过内核" "只使用第一个 CPU。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1152 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you'll have to replace " "the standard Debian kernel. You can find a discussion of how to do this in " ". At this time (kernel version " "&kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select &smp-config-" "option; in the &smp-config-section; section of the " "kernel config." msgstr "" "为了使用多 CPU 的优势，您必须替换标准的 Debian 内核。您可以在 找到相关的讨论。当前(内核版本 &kernelversion;)启用 SMP 的" "方法是在内核配置的 &smp-config-section; 中选中 &smp-" "config-option;。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1166 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Multiprocessor support — also called symmetric multiprocessing or SMP — is available for this architecture, and is supported " "by a precompiled Debian kernel image. Depending on your install media, this " "SMP-capable kernel may or may not be installed by default. This should not " "prevent installation, since the standard, non-SMP kernel should boot on SMP " "systems; the kernel will simply use the first CPU." msgstr "" "多处理器支持 — 又称 symmetric multiprocessing 或 SMP " "— 在本体系架构下可以使用，并且有一个预编译的 Debian 内核映象已经开启这" "项功能。支持 SMP 的内核默认是否被安装，取决于您的安装介质。这并不会影响安装，" "因为非 SMP 的内核也能在 SMP 的系统下启动，只不过内核只使用第一个 CPU。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1176 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you should check to see " "if a kernel package that supports SMP is installed, and if not, choose an " "appropriate kernel package." msgstr "" "为了利用多处理器，您应该确认支持 SMP 的内核软件包是否被安装，如果没有，请选择" "一个合适的内核软件包。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1182 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also build your own customized kernel to support SMP. You can find a " "discussion of how to do this in . At this " "time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select " "&smp-config-option; in the &smp-config-section; section of the kernel config." msgstr "" "您可以自己定制内核来支持 SMP。可以在 找到相" "关的讨论。当前(内核版本 &kernelversion;)启用 SMP 的方法是在内核配置的 " "&smp-config-section; 中选中 &smp-config-option;。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1193 #, no-c-format msgid "Graphics Card Support" msgstr "图形卡支持" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1194 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You should be using a VGA-compatible display interface for the console " "terminal. Nearly every modern display card is compatible with VGA. Ancient " "standards such CGA, MDA, or HGA should also work, assuming you do not " "require X11 support. Note that X11 is not used during the installation " "process described in this document." msgstr "" "您应该给终端控制台使用 VGA 兼容的显示接口。几乎所有的新显卡都兼容 VGA。在不使" "用 X11 支持的情况下，您也可以用古老的 CGA、MDA 或 HGA 工作。注意，在本文所述" "的安装过程中并不会使用 X11 图形界面。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1202 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying " "support found in X.Org's X11 system. Most AGP, PCI and PCIe video cards work " "under X.Org. Details on supported graphics buses, cards, monitors, and " "pointing devices can be found at . Debian " "&release; ships with X.Org version &x11ver;." msgstr "" "Debian 对显卡的支持决定于 X.Org 的 X11 系统。大多数 AGP、PCI 和 PCIe 视频卡都" "能在 X.Org 下工作。更多的关于图形总线、显卡、显示器和指点设备的支持情况，见 " "。Debian &release; 包含 X.Org &x11ver; 版。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1211 #, no-c-format msgid "The X.Org X Window System is only supported on the SGI Indy and the O2." msgstr "X.Org 的 X 窗口系统仅支持 SGI Indy 和 O2。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1216 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Most graphics options commonly found on Sparc-based machines are supported. " "X.org graphics drivers are available for sunbw2, suncg14, suncg3, suncg6, " "sunleo and suntcx framebuffers, Creator3D and Elite3D cards (sunffb driver), " "PGX24/PGX64 ATI-based video cards (ati driver), and PermediaII-based cards " "(glint driver). To use an Elite3D card with X.org you additionally need to " "install the afbinit package, and read the " "documentation included with it on how to activate the card." msgstr "" "多数基于 Sparc 机器的图形选项都能支持。X.org 图形驱动程序可用于 sunbw2、" "suncg14、suncg3、suncg6、sunleo 和 suntcx framebuffers、Creator3D 和 Elite3D " "卡(sunffb 驱动程序), PGX24/PGX64 基于 ATI 的视频卡 (ati 驱动程序)，和基于 " "PermediaII 的卡 (glint 驱动程序)。要在 X.org 中使用 Elite3D 卡，您需要额外安" "装 afbinit 软件包，并且阅读其中的文档了解如何激活该" "卡。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1226 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is not uncommon for a Sparc machine to have two graphics cards in a " "default configuration. In such a case there is a possibility that the Linux " "kernel will not direct its output to the card initially used by the " "firmware. The lack of output on the graphical console may then be mistaken " "for a hang (usually the last message seen on console is 'Booting Linux...'). " "One possible solution is to physically remove one of the video cards; " "another option is to disable one of the cards using a kernel boot parameter. " "Also, if graphical output is not required or desired, serial console may be " "used as an alternative. On some systems use of serial console can be " "activated automatically by disconnecting the keyboard before booting the " "system." msgstr "" "对 Sparc 机器来说，默认配置中有两块图形卡并非不常见。这种情况下，Linux 内核可" "能不将输出指向固件初始化的那块卡。缺少输出的图形控制端会由于这种错误而挂起(一" "般在控制台上最后显示的信息是 'Booting Linux...')。一种解决方法是物理地取下一" "块视频卡；另外一种方法是用内核引导参数禁止其中一块。同样，如果图形输出并不是" "必须或想要的，可以通过串口控制台替代。在某些系统上，引导系统前断开键盘连接将" "自动激活串口控制台。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1248 #, no-c-format msgid "Network Connectivity Hardware" msgstr "网络连接硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1249 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Almost any network interface card (NIC) supported by the Linux kernel should " "also be supported by the installation system; modular drivers should " "normally be loaded automatically. This includes most " "PCI and PCMCIA cards. Many older ISA cards " "are supported as well." msgstr "" "几乎所有被 Linux 内核支持的网络接口卡(NIC)也全都被安装系统所支持；驱动模块通" "常会自动加载。这包含大多数 PCI 和 PCMCIA 卡。 " "许多旧的 ISA 卡也能支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1258 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This includes a lot of generic PCI cards (for systems that have PCI) and the " "following NICs from Sun:" msgstr "这包括一些通用 PCI 卡(对于支持 PCI 的系统)和来自 Sun 的网卡：" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1264 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun LANCE" msgstr "Sun LANCE" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1269 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun Happy Meal" msgstr "Sun Happy Meal" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1274 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun BigMAC" msgstr "Sun BigMAC" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1279 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun QuadEthernet" msgstr "Sun QuadEthernet" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1284 #, no-c-format msgid "MyriCOM Gigabit Ethernet" msgstr "MyriCOM Gigabit Ethernet" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1291 #, no-c-format msgid "The list of supported network devices is:" msgstr "支持的网络设备有：" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1296 #, no-c-format msgid "Channel to Channel (CTC) and ESCON connection (real or emulated)" msgstr "Channel to Channel (CTC) 和 ESCON connection (实际或模拟)" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1301 #, no-c-format msgid "OSA-2 Token Ring/Ethernet and OSA-Express Fast Ethernet (non-QDIO)" msgstr "OSA-2 Token Ring/Ethernet 和 OSA-Express Fast Ethernet (non-QDIO)" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1306 #, no-c-format msgid "OSA-Express in QDIO mode, HiperSockets and Guest-LANs" msgstr "QDIO 模式的 OSA-Express，HiperSockets 和 Guest-LANs" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1315 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On &arch-title;, most built-in Ethernet devices are supported and modules " "for additional PCI and USB devices are provided. The major exception is the " "IXP4xx platform (featuring devices such as the Linksys NSLU2) which needs a " "proprietary microcode for the operation of its built-in Ethernet device. " "Unofficial images for Linksys NSLU2 with this proprietary microcode can be " "obtained from the Slug-Firmware site." msgstr "" "在 &arch-title; 上，多数内建的以太网设备都支持，并提供额外的 PCI 和 USB 设备" "模块。主要的例外是 IXP4xx 平台(典型的设备是 Linksys NSLU2)，它需要专用的 " "microcode 来操作内建的以太网设备。包含该专有 microcode 的 Linksys NSLU2 非正" "式映像可以从 Slug-Firmware site 地" "址获得。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1325 #, no-c-format msgid "ISDN is supported, but not during the installation." msgstr "ISDN 虽也获得支持，不过不能在安装阶段使用。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1332 #, no-c-format msgid "Wireless Network Cards" msgstr "无线网卡" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1333 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "" #| "Wireless networking is in general supported as well and a growing number " #| "of wireless adapters is supported by the official Linux kernel, although " #| "many of them do require firmware to be loaded. Wireless NICs that are not " #| "supported by the official Linux kernel can generally be made to work " #| "under &debian;, but are not supported during the installation." msgid "" "Wireless networking is in general supported as well and a growing number of " "wireless adapters are supported by the official Linux kernel, although many " "of them do require firmware to be loaded. If firmware is needed, the " "installer will prompt you to load firmware. See for detailed information on how to load firmware during the " "installation." msgstr "" "无线网络也能支持得很好，虽然很多需要加载固件，正式的 Linux 内核能支持的无线网" "络适配器也越来越多。有些不被正式的 Linux 内核支持，然而可以在 &debian; 下工作" "的网卡，不能在安装系统中使用。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1341 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "" #| "Wireless networking is in general supported as well and a growing number " #| "of wireless adapters is supported by the official Linux kernel, although " #| "many of them do require firmware to be loaded. Wireless NICs that are not " #| "supported by the official Linux kernel can generally be made to work " #| "under &debian;, but are not supported during the installation." msgid "" "Wireless NICs that are not supported by the official Linux kernel can " "generally be made to work under &debian;, but are not supported during the " "installation." msgstr "" "无线网络也能支持得很好，虽然很多需要加载固件，正式的 Linux 内核能支持的无线网" "络适配器也越来越多。有些不被正式的 Linux 内核支持，然而可以在 &debian; 下工作" "的网卡，不能在安装系统中使用。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1346 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Support for encrypted wireless during installation is currently limited to " "WEP. If your access point uses stronger encryption, it cannot be used during " "the installation process." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1352 #, fuzzy, no-c-format #| msgid "" #| "The use of wireless networking during installation is still under " #| "development and whether it will work depends on the type of adaptor and " #| "the configuration of your wireless access point. If there is no other NIC " #| "you can use during the installation, it is still possible to install " #| "&debian; using a full CD-ROM or DVD image. Select the option to not " #| "configure a network and install using only the packages available from " #| "the CD/DVD. You can then install the driver and firmware you need after " #| "the installation is completed (after the reboot) and configure your " #| "network manually." msgid "" "If there is a problem with wireless and there is no other NIC you can use " "during the installation, it is still possible to install &debian; using a " "full CD-ROM or DVD image. Select the option to not configure a network and " "install using only the packages available from the CD/DVD. You can then " "install the driver and firmware you need after the installation is completed " "(after the reboot) and configure your network manually." msgstr "" "用无线网络进行安装还处于开发过程中，是否可以工作取决于适配器的类型和您无线 " "AP 的配置情况。如果安装时没有其他的网卡可用，您可以使用完整的 CD-ROM 或 DVD " "映像来安装 &debian;。选择不配置网络选项，然后只安装存在于 CD/DVD 上的软件包。" "您可以在安装完成之后(重新启动)安装驱动程序和固件，手动配置网络。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1362 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In some cases the driver you need may not be available as a Debian package. " "You will then have to look if there is source code available in the internet " "and compile the driver yourself. How to do this is outside the scope of this " "manual. If no Linux driver is available, your last " "resort is to use the ndiswrapper package, which " "allows you to use a Windows driver." msgstr "" "有些情况下，您需要的驱动程序不包含在 Debian 软件包里面。必须在互联网上寻找它" "们的源码，并自己动手编译驱动程序。该如何做已经超出了本手册的范围。如果没有 Linux 驱动程序，您最后可以用 ndiswrapper 软件包，它让您使用 Windows 的驱动程序。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1376 #, no-c-format msgid "Known Issues for &arch-title;" msgstr "&arch-title; 的一些已知问题" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1377 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are a couple of issues with specific network cards that are worth " "mentioning here." msgstr "有些特定的网卡事项需要在此提及。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1384 #, no-c-format msgid "Conflict between tulip and dfme drivers" msgstr "tulip 和 dfme 驱动程序之间的冲突" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1386 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are various PCI network cards that have the same PCI identification, " "but are supported by related, but different drivers. Some cards work with " "the tulip driver, others with the dfme " "driver. Because they have the same identification, the kernel cannot " "distinguish between them and it is not certain which driver will be loaded. " "If this happens to be the wrong one, the NIC may not work, or work badly." msgstr "" "有些 PCI 网卡具有相同的 PCI 标识，但却由不同的驱动程序支持。有些网卡在 " "tulip 驱动程序下工作，其他的在 dfme 驱" "动程序下工作。因为它们具有相同的标识，内核不能辨别而无法加载合适的驱动程序。" "如果使用不正确的驱动程序，网卡可能不工作，或者工作不正常。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1396 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is a common problem on Netra systems with a Davicom (DEC-Tulip " "compatible) NIC. In that case the tulip driver is " "probably the correct one. You can prevent this issue by blacklisting the " "wrong driver module as described in ." msgstr "" "常见的问题出现在使用 Davicom (DEC-Tulip 兼容的) 网卡的 Netra 系统上。这种情况" "下，tulip 驱动程序可能是正确的。您可以参照 将错误的驱动模块加入黑名单，以阻止这种情况发生。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1404 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An alternative solution during the installation is to switch to a shell and " "unload the wrong driver module using modprobe -r " "module (or both, if they are both " "loaded). After that you can load the correct module using " "modprobe module. Note that " "the wrong module may then still be loaded when the system is rebooted." msgstr "" "另一种处理方法，是在安装过程中是切换到一个 shell，并使用 modprobe " "-r module 卸载不正确的驱动程序模块(如" "果都加载了，或者两个都卸载)。之后，您可以通过 modprobe " "module 加载正确的模块。注意，系统重启" "之后错误的模块可能还会加载。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1417 #, no-c-format msgid "Sun B100 blade" msgstr "Sun B100 blade" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1419 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The cassini network driver does not work with Sun B100 " "blade systems." msgstr "" "cassini 网络驱动程序不能工作在 Sun B100 刀片系统上。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1434 #, no-c-format msgid "Braille Displays" msgstr "盲文点触设备(Braille Display)" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1435 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Support for braille displays is determined by the underlying support found " "in brltty. Most displays work under " "brltty, connected via either a serial port, USB or " "bluetooth. Details on supported braille devices can be found on the brltty website. &debian; " "&release; ships with brltty version &brlttyver;." msgstr "" "对于盲文点触设备的支持取决于 brltty 的支持。大多数设备" "可以在 brltty 下面工作，它们通过串口、USB 或蓝牙连接。" "支持盲文设备的详细情况可以查阅 brltty website。&debian; &release; 使用的 " "brltty 版本是 &brlttyver; 。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1449 #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Speech Synthesis" msgstr "硬件语音合成(Hardware Speech Synthesis)" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1450 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is determined by the " "underlying support found in speakup. " "speakup only supports integrated boards and external " "devices connected to a serial port (no USB or serial-to-USB adapters are " "supported). Details on supported hardware speech synthesis devices can be " "found on the speakup " "website. &debian; &release; ships with speakup version &speakupver;." msgstr "" "对于硬件语音合成设备的支持取决于 speakup 的支持。" "speakup 只支持板卡集成和外部串口设备(支持非 USB 或 " "serial-to-USB 适配器)。支持硬件语音合成设备的详细情况可以查阅 speakup website。&debian; " "&release; 使用的 speakup 版本是 &speakupver;。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1470 #, no-c-format msgid "Peripherals and Other Hardware" msgstr "外围设备与其他硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1471 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Linux supports a large variety of hardware devices such as mice, printers, " "scanners, PCMCIA and USB devices. However, most of these devices are not " "required while installing the system." msgstr "" "Linux 支持众多的硬件设备，比如：鼠标、打印机、扫描仪、PCMCIA 和 USB 设备。然" "而，在安装系统的时候，并不需要其中的大部分设备。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1477 #, no-c-format msgid "" "USB hardware generally works fine, only some USB keyboards may require " "additional configuration (see )." msgstr "" "USB 硬件通常工作得很好，只有一些 USB 键盘需要额外的配置(参阅 )。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1483 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Again, see the Linux Hardware " "Compatibility HOWTO to determine whether your specific hardware is " "supported by Linux." msgstr "" "另外，请查考 Linux Hardware " "Compatibility HOWTO 来判断您的硬件是否被 Linux 支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1489 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Package installations from XPRAM and tape are not supported by this system. " "All packages that you want to install need to be available on a DASD or over " "the network using NFS, HTTP or FTP." msgstr "" "从 XPRAM 和磁带安装的软件包不受本系统支持。所有要安装的包必须位于 DASD 上或者" "通过 NFS、HTTP、FTP 从网络上取得。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1495 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Cobalt RaQ has no support for additional devices but the Qube has one " "PCI slot." msgstr "Cobalt RaQ 不支持外加设备，但 Qube 有一个 PCI 插槽。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1507 #, no-c-format msgid "Devices Requiring Firmware" msgstr "需要固件的设备" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1508 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Besides the availability of a device driver, some hardware also requires so-" "called firmware or microcode " "to be loaded into the device before it can become operational. This is most " "common for network interface cards (especially wireless NICs), but for " "example some USB devices and even some hard disk controllers also require " "firmware." msgstr "" "除了需要设备驱动程序，有些硬件还要在使用之前加载 firmware 或 microcode。这对于网卡(特别是无线网卡)来" "说很常见，但有些 USB 设备甚至是硬盘控制器也需要固件(fireware)。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1516 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In most cases firmware is non-free according to the criteria used by the " "&debian; project and thus cannot be included in the main distribution or in " "the installation system. If the device driver itself is included in the " "distribution and if &debian; legally can distribute the firmware, it will " "often be available as a separate package from the non-free section of the " "archive." msgstr "" "根据 &debian; 项目的标准，大多数情况下这些固件属于 non-free，不能被包含在主发" "行版或安装系统里面。如果设备驱动程序被包含到发行版里面，并且 &debian; 可以合" "法地发布固件，它通常被单独地放置在仓库的 non-free 区里面。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1525 #, no-c-format msgid "" "However, this does not mean that such hardware cannot be used during an " "installation. Starting with &debian; 5.0, &d-i; supports loading firmware " "files or packages containing firmware from a removable medium, such as a " "floppy disk or USB stick. See for " "detailed information on how to load firmware files or packages during the " "installation." msgstr "" "然而，这并不意味着该硬件不能在安装时使用。从 &debian; 5.0 开始，&d-i; 支持从" "可移动的介质，比如软盘或 USB 盘，加载固件或包含固件的软件包。参阅 了解如何在安装时加载固件文件或软件包的的详细信" "息。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1541 #, no-c-format msgid "Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux" msgstr "特别为 GNU/Linux 采购硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1543 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are several vendors, who ship systems with Debian or other " "distributions of GNU/Linux pre-installed. You might pay more for the privilege, but it does buy a level of " "peace of mind, since you can be sure that the hardware is well-supported by " "GNU/Linux." msgstr "" "现在有一些经销商，他们出售的系统是预装 Debian 或者是其他的 GNU/Linux。您或许会多花一些钱，但是买来一份安心，" "因为这些硬件都已经确保能被 GNU/Linux 很好地支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1551 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do have to buy a machine with Windows bundled, carefully read the " "software license that comes with Windows; you may be able to reject the " "license and obtain a rebate from your vendor. Searching the Internet for " "windows refund may get you some useful information to help " "with that." msgstr "" "如果您不得不购买一台捆绑 Windows 系统的机器，请仔细阅读 Windows 附带的软件许" "可证，您也许可以拒绝该许可证，并从经销商那里获得一定的折扣。在互联网上用 " "windows refund 搜索可以查到一些有益的信息。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1559 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whether or not you are purchasing a system with Linux bundled, or even a " "used system, it is still important to check that your hardware is supported " "by the Linux kernel. Check if your hardware is listed in the references " "found above. Let your salesperson (if any) know that you're shopping for a " "Linux system. Support Linux-friendly hardware vendors." msgstr "" "无论是购买一个捆绑 Linux 的系统，还是一个已经用过的系统，检查 Linux 内核是否" "支持您的硬件仍然很重要。检查您的硬件是否列在上面的参考资料中。让推销员(或者其" "他)知道您是在为一个 Linux 系统采购设备。请支持对 Linux 友好的硬件销售商。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1570 #, no-c-format msgid "Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware" msgstr "避免专有或封闭的硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1571 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some hardware manufacturers simply won't tell us how to write drivers for " "their hardware. Others won't allow us access to the documentation without a " "non-disclosure agreement that would prevent us from releasing the Linux " "source code." msgstr "" "一些硬件制造商愚蠢地拒绝告诉我们如何给他们的硬件写驱动程序。其他的则要求签署" "不公开的契约才能接触文档，以阻止我们发布 Linux 驱动程序源代码。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1578 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Since we haven't been granted access to the documentation on these devices, " "they simply won't work under Linux. You can help by asking the manufacturers " "of such hardware to release the documentation. If enough people ask, they " "will realize that the free software community is an important market." msgstr "" "因为我们没有被授权查看这些设备的文档，它们自然不会在 Linux 下工作。您可以帮我" "们去告诉那些制造商，要求他们发布文档。如果有足够多的人要求，他们将认识到自由" "软件社区也是一个重要的市场。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1590 #, no-c-format msgid "Windows-specific Hardware" msgstr "Windows 专用硬件" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1591 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A disturbing trend is the proliferation of Windows-specific modems and " "printers. In some cases these are specially designed to be operated by the " "Microsoft Windows operating system and bear the legend WinModem or Made especially for Windows-based computers. This " "is generally done by removing the embedded processors of the hardware and " "shifting the work they do over to a Windows driver that is run by your " "computer's main CPU. This strategy makes the hardware less expensive, but " "the savings are often not passed on to the user and " "this hardware may even be more expensive than equivalent devices that retain " "their embedded intelligence." msgstr "" "一个令人不安的趋势是 Windows 规格的调制解调器和打印机的增长。在某些情况下它们" "专为微软的 Windows 操作系统设计并且标有 WinModem 或 专" "为基于 Windows 的计算机制造 字样。这通常是省掉硬件的内嵌处理器，将它" "的工作交给 Windows 驱动程序并由您计算机中的 CPU 来完成。这样做是为了降低硬件" "成本，但是常常并不能为用户节省任何开销，并且可能还会比同" "等功能的保留内嵌处理器的设备昂贵。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1604 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You should avoid Windows-specific hardware for two reasons. The first is " "that the manufacturers do not generally make the resources available to " "write a Linux driver. Generally, the hardware and software interface to the " "device is proprietary, and documentation is not available without a non-" "disclosure agreement, if it is available at all. This precludes it being " "used for free software, since free software writers disclose the source code " "of their programs. The second reason is that when devices like these have " "had their embedded processors removed, the operating system must perform the " "work of the embedded processors, often at real-time " "priority, and thus the CPU is not available to run your programs while it is " "driving these devices. Since the typical Windows user does not multi-process " "as intensively as a Linux user, the manufacturers hope that the Windows user " "simply won't notice the burden this hardware places on their CPU. However, " "any multi-processing operating system, even Windows 2000 or XP, suffers from " "degraded performance when peripheral manufacturers skimp on the embedded " "processing power of their hardware." msgstr "" "有两个原因让您应当避免使用 Windows 规格的硬件。首先，这些制造商一般不提供相应" "资料用于编写 Linux 驱动程序。通常，这些设备的软硬件接口是专有的，即使相关资料" "存在，但不签署封闭的契约也无法得到它们。这就排除了被自由软件使用的可能，因为" "自由软件的开发者不会将它们的软件源码封闭起来。其次，这些设备是没有内嵌处理器" "的，操作系统必须承担本该由这些处理器完成的工作，并且经常是在实时优先级下，因此 CPU 在驱动这些设备时就无法运行您的程序。因为典型的 " "Windows 用户并不像 Linux 用户那样对多任务有强烈要求，这些制造商希望 Windows " "用户不会注意到 CPU 为他们硬件的开销。但是，任何多任务操作系统，甚至是 " "Windows 2000 或 XP，都要忍受这些制造商克扣内嵌处理器造成的性能下降。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1625 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can help improve this situation by encouraging these manufacturers to " "release the documentation and other resources necessary for us to program " "their hardware, but the best strategy is simply to avoid this sort of " "hardware until it is listed as working in the Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO." msgstr "" "您可以帮助改变这种状况，要求制造商发布相应的文档和资料，让我们可以编写他们硬" "件的程序，但最好还是避免使用这些硬件，直到它们被列入 Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1642 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation Media" msgstr "安装介质" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1644 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section will help you determine which different media types you can use " "to install Debian. For example, if you have a floppy disk drive on your " "machine, it can be used to install Debian. There is a whole chapter devoted " "to media, , which lists the advantages " "and disadvantages of each media type. You may want to refer back to this " "page once you reach that section." msgstr "" "本章将助您选则安装 Debian 所采用的介质。例如，您的电脑上有一个软驱，就可以用" "来安装 Debian。这里有一整章专门用于说明介质：，并列出了每种类型的优缺点。当您阅读那一章的时候，可能要返回来参考本页。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1655 #, no-c-format msgid "Floppies" msgstr "软盘" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1656 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In some cases, you'll have to do your first boot from floppy disks. " "Generally, all you will need is a high-density (1440 kilobytes) 3.5 inch " "floppy drive." msgstr "" "在某些条件下，不得不从软盘做首次启动。通常，您所需的只是一个 3.5 英寸高密" "(1440 千字节)软驱。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1662 #, no-c-format msgid "For CHRP, floppy support is currently broken." msgstr "用于 CHRP 的软盘支持已经被停止。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1669 #, no-c-format msgid "CD-ROM/DVD-ROM" msgstr "CD-ROM/DVD-ROM" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1671 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Whenever you see CD-ROM in this manual, it applies to both CD-" "ROMs and DVD-ROMs, because both technologies are really the same from the " "operating system's point of view, except for some very old nonstandard CD-" "ROM drives which are neither SCSI nor IDE/ATAPI." msgstr "" "每当在本手册中看到 CD-ROM，它泛指 CD-ROM 和 DVD-ROM。因为从操" "作系统的角度看，它们所用的技术是相同的。这里面除去那些既不属于 SCSI 也不属于 " "IDE/ATAPI 的老式的非标准 CD-ROM 驱动器。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1678 #, no-c-format msgid "" "CD-ROM based installation is supported for some architectures. On machines " "which support bootable CD-ROMs, you should be able to do a completely " "floppy-less tape-" "less installation. Even if your system doesn't support booting from " "a CD-ROM, you can use the CD-ROM in conjunction with the other techniques to " "install your system, once you've booted up by other means; see ." msgstr "" "一些体系支持基于 CD-ROM 的安装。在支持 CD-ROM 启动的机器上，您可以完成" "无软盘(floppy-less) " "无磁带(tape-less)的安装。即使您的系统不支持从 CD-ROM 启动，您也可以" "结合其他技术在启动后，使用 CD-ROM 来安装系统，参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1690 #, no-c-format msgid "" "SCSI, SATA and IDE/ATAPI CD-ROMs are supported. The Linux CD-ROM HOWTO contains in-depth information on using " "CD-ROMs with Linux." msgstr "" "SCSI、SATA 和 IDE/ATAPI CD-ROMs 都获得支持。Linux CD-ROM HOWTO 包含在 Linux 下使用 CD-ROM 的进一步信息。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1696 #, no-c-format msgid "" "USB CD-ROM drives are also supported, as are FireWire devices that are " "supported by the ohci1394 and sbp2 drivers." msgstr "" "USB CD-ROM 也是被支持的。而 FireWire 设备则是通过 ohci1394 和 sbp2 驱动程序来" "获得支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1701 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE/ATAPI CD-ROMs are supported on all ARM machines." msgstr "所有的 ARM 机器都支持 IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1705 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On SGI machines, booting from CD-ROM requires a SCSI CD-ROM drive capable of " "working with a logical blocksize of 512 bytes. Many of the SCSI CD-ROM " "drives sold on the PC market do not have this capability. If your CD-ROM " "drive has a jumper labeled Unix/PC or 512/2048, place it in the Unix or 512 position. " "To start the install, simply choose the System installation " "entry in the firmware." msgstr "" "在 SGI 的机器上，从 CD-ROM 启动需要一台能使用 512 字节逻辑块的 SCSI CD-ROM 驱" "动器。很多面向 PC 市场的 SCSI CD-ROM 驱动器并不具有这个能力。如果您的 CD-ROM " "驱动器上有标注为 Unix/PC 或 512/2048 的跳线，请" "将其置于 Unix 或 512 的位置上。要开始安装，请从" "固件上选择 System installation 项。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1719 #, no-c-format msgid "Hard Disk" msgstr "硬盘" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1721 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Booting the installation system directly from a hard disk is another option " "for many architectures. This will require some other operating system to " "load the installer onto the hard disk." msgstr "" "从硬盘启动安装系统是许多体系的另外一个选择。这将要求其他的操作系统从硬盘加载" "安装程序。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1727 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although the &arch-title; does not allow booting from SunOS (Solaris), you " "can install from a SunOS partition (UFS slices)." msgstr "" "虽然 &arch-title; 不允许从 SunOS(Solaris) 启动，但您可以从一个 SunOS 的分区 " "(UFS slices)进行安装。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1735 #, no-c-format msgid "USB Memory Stick" msgstr "U 盘" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1737 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Many Debian boxes need their floppy and/or CD-ROM drives only for setting up " "the system and for rescue purposes. If you operate some servers, you will " "probably already have thought about omitting those drives and using an USB " "memory stick for installing and (when necessary) for recovering the system. " "This is also useful for small systems which have no room for unnecessary " "drives." msgstr "" "许多 Debian 机器只在设置系统和急救用途时才需要软盘和 CD-ROM 驱动器。如果使用" "过服务器，您也许已经想过怎么样省掉这些驱动器，而用 U 盘来安装和(在必需时)恢复" "系统。这对那些没有足够空间容纳不必要驱动器的小型系统非常有用。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1749 #, no-c-format msgid "Network" msgstr "网络" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1751 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The network can be used during the installation to retrieve files needed for " "the installation. Whether the network is used or not depends on the " "installation method you choose and your answers to certain questions that " "will be asked during the installation. The installation system supports most " "types of network connections (including PPPoE, but not ISDN or PPP), via " "either HTTP or FTP. After the installation is completed, you can also " "configure your system to use ISDN and PPP." msgstr "" "安装过程中可以使用网络来获取安装所需要的文件。是否使用网络取决于您选择的安装" "方法和安装过程中回答的特定问题。安装系统支持大多数类型的网络连接(包括 PPPoE，" "但不含 ISDN 或 PPP)，使用 HTTP 或 FTP。安装完成之后，您还可以配置您的系统使" "用 ISDN 和 PPP。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1761 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also boot the installation system over the " "network. This is the preferred installation " "technique for &arch-title;." msgstr "" "您还可以从网络引导(boot)系统。在 &arch-title; 下此为推荐的安装技术。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1767 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Diskless installation, using network booting from a local area network and " "NFS-mounting of all local filesystems, is another option." msgstr "" "无盘安装，使用网络从局域网启动，并用 NFS 挂载所有的本地文件系统，是另一种选" "择。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1775 #, no-c-format msgid "Un*x or GNU system" msgstr "Un*x 或 GNU 系统" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1777 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are running another Unix-like system, you could use it to install " "&debian; without using the &d-i; described in the rest of this manual. This " "kind of install may be useful for users with otherwise unsupported hardware " "or on hosts which can't afford downtime. If you are interested in this " "technique, skip to the ." msgstr "" "如果您正在运行其它的类 Unix 系统，也可以用它来安装 &debian; 而无须本手册剩余" "部分讲述的 &d-i; 使用方法。这类安装方法可能对那些因为硬件不支持或机器停产的用" "户有用。如果您对此技术感兴趣，请直接跳到 。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1789 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported Storage Systems" msgstr "受支持的存储系统" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1791 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Debian boot disks contain a kernel which is built to maximize the number " "of systems it runs on. Unfortunately, this makes for a larger kernel, which " "includes many drivers that won't be used for your machine (see to learn how to build your own kernel). Support for the " "widest possible range of devices is desirable in general, to ensure that " "Debian can be installed on the widest array of hardware." msgstr "" "Debian 启动盘包括一个用于最大可能数量系统的内核。不幸的是，这将产生一个大内" "核，其中包括许多您的机器并不需要的驱动程序(参考学习如何创建自己的内核)。在通常情况下，支持最大范围内的设备是一种较合适的" "设计，这将使得 Debian 可以在尽可能多的硬件上安装。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1801 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Generally, the Debian installation system includes support for floppies, IDE " "(also known as PATA) drives, IDE floppies, parallel port IDE devices, SATA " "and SCSI controllers and drives, USB, and FireWire. The supported file " "systems include FAT, Win-32 FAT extensions (VFAT) and NTFS." msgstr "" "通常，Debian 安装系统支持软盘、IDE (也称为 PATA)驱动器、IDE 软盘、并口 IDE 驱" "动器、SATA 和 SCSI 控制器和驱动器、USB 和 FireWire。支持的文件系统有 FAT、" "Win-32 FAT 扩展(VFAT) 和 NTFS。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1808 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Disk interfaces that emulate the AT hard disk interface " "— often called MFM, RLL, IDE, or PATA — are supported. SATA and " "SCSI disk controllers from many different manufacturers are supported. See " "the Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO for more details." msgstr "" "模拟 AT 硬盘接口的磁盘接口 — 称为 MFM、RLL、IDE 或 PATA " "— 可以得到支持。大部分厂商生产的 SATA 和 SCSI 磁盘控制器都能获得支持。" "请参阅 Linux Hardware Compatibility " "HOWTO 以获得更详细信息。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1816 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the " "boot system. The following SCSI drivers are supported in the default kernel: " " Sparc ESP " " PTI Qlogic,ISP Adaptec " "AIC7xxx NCR and Symbios 53C8XX IDE systems (such as the UltraSPARC 5) are also " "supported. See Linux for SPARC " "Processors FAQ for more information on SPARC hardware supported by " "the Linux kernel." msgstr "" "所有 Linux 内核支持的存储系统也都被启动系统所支持。下列 SCSI 驱动被默认内核支" "持： Sparc ESP " " PTI Qlogic,ISP Adaptec " "AIC7xxx NCR 与 Symbios 53C8XX IDE 系统(例如 UltraSPARC 5)是受支持的。请参考 " "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ " "以了解更多关于 SPARC 硬件被 Linux 内核支持的情况。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1849 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the " "boot system. Note that the current Linux kernel does not support floppies on " "CHRP systems at all." msgstr "" "所有 Linux 内核支持的存储系统也都被启动系统所支持。注意当前的 Linux 内核还不" "支持 CHRP 系统上的软盘。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1855 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the " "boot system. Note that the current Linux kernel does not support the floppy " "drive." msgstr "" "所有 Linux 内核支持的存储系统也都被启动系统所支持。注意当前的 Linux 内核还不" "支持软驱。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1861 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the " "boot system." msgstr "所有 Linux 内核支持的存储系统也都被启动系统所支持。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1866 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the " "boot system. This means that FBA and ECKD DASDs are supported with the old " "Linux disk layout (ldl) and the new common S/390 disk layout (cdl)." msgstr "" "所有 Linux 内核支持的存储系统也都被启动系统所支持。这意味着 FBA 和 ECKD DASD " "可以被 旧的 Linux disk layout (ldl) 和新的 common S/390 disk layout (cdl)支" "持。" #. Tag: title #: hardware.xml:1883 #, no-c-format msgid "Memory and Disk Space Requirements" msgstr "内存与磁盘空间的需求" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1885 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You must have at least &minimum-memory; of memory and &minimum-fs-size; of " "hard disk space to perform a normal installation. Note that these are fairly " "minimal numbers. For more realistic figures, see ." msgstr "" "您必须至少有 &minimum-memory; 的内存和 &minimum-fs-size; 的硬盘空间来进行普通" "安装。注意这是最小的数字，要了解实际的情况，参阅 。" #. Tag: para #: hardware.xml:1892 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installation on systems with less memory " "Installation images that support the graphical installer require more memory " "than images that support only the textual installer and should not be used " "on systems with less than &minimum-memory; of memory. If there is a choice " "between booting the regular and the graphical installer, the former should " "be selected. or disk space available may be possible but " "is only advised for experienced users." msgstr "" "在较小的内存 支持图形界面的安装映象会比文" "本界面需要更多的内存，并且内存不应少于 &minimum-memory; 。如果可以在普通和图" "形界面两种方式之间选择，应选择普通方式。 或磁盘空间上安装系" "统或许可行，但只针对有经验的用户。"