# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide - translation into Chinese (simplified) # Yangfl , 2017. # tao wang , 2020. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-05-19 22:02+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2021-01-02 14:29+0000\n" "Last-Translator: tao wang \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.4.1-dev\n" #. Tag: title #: boot-new.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Booting Into Your New &debian; System" msgstr "引导进入新的 &debian; 系统" #. Tag: title #: boot-new.xml:7 #, no-c-format msgid "The Moment of Truth" msgstr "关键时刻" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:8 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Your system's first boot on its own power is what electrical engineers call " "the smoke test." msgstr "" "当您的系统首次依靠自身引导,这在电子工程师圈子里面称为冒烟测试。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:13 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you did a default installation, the first thing you should see when you " "boot the system is the menu of the grub bootloader. " "The first choices in the menu will be for your new &debian; system. If you " "had any other operating systems on your computer (like Windows) that were " "detected by the installation system, those will be listed lower down in the " "menu." msgstr "" "如果使用了默认安装,引导系统后首先看到的是 grub 引导加" "载程序的菜单。菜单中的第一个选项就是您的新 &debian; 系统。如果计算机上存在着" "安装系统检测到的其它操作系统(如 Windows),它们将在菜单下面列出。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:23 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the system fails to start up correctly, don't panic. If the installation " "was successful, chances are good that there is only a relatively minor " "problem that is preventing the system from booting &debian;. In most cases " "such problems can be fixed without having to repeat the installation. One " "available option to fix boot problems is to use the installer's built-in " "rescue mode (see )." msgstr "" "如果系统无法正确启动,不要惊慌。如果安装是成功的,很可能只是相对次要的问题阻" "止了系统引导 &debian;。在多数情况下不需重新安装就能修复问题。修复引导问题的一" "种方法是使用安装程序内置的救援模式(请参见 )。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:32 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are new to &debian; and &arch-kernel;, you may need some help from " "more experienced users. For direct on-line help you can " "try the IRC channels #debian or #debian-boot on the OFTC network. " "Alternatively you can contact the debian-" "user mailing list. For less common " "architectures like &arch-title;, your best option is to ask on the debian-&arch-listname; mailing list. You can also file an installation report as described in . Please make sure that you describe your problem " "clearly and include any messages that are displayed and may help others to " "diagnose the issue." msgstr "" "假如您刚接触 &debian; 和 &arch-kernel;,可能需要从更有经验的用户那里得到一些" "帮助。对于直接的在线帮助,可以尝试 OFTC 网络上的 " "#debian 或 #debian-boot IRC 频道。另外可以联系 debian-user mailing list(Debian 用户邮件列表)。 对于不常见的架构,比如 &arch-title;,最适合" "的方式是在 debian-&arch-listname; " "mailing list (Debian 相应架构的邮件列表)上请教。也可以如 " " 中所描述的去提交安装报告。请确保将问题描述清" "楚,并包括所显示的任何信息,从而有助于其他人诊断问题。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:48 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you had any other operating systems on your computer that were not " "detected or not detected correctly, please file an installation report." msgstr "" "如果您计算机上的其它操作系统没有被检测到,或者未被正确检测,请提交一份安装报" "告。" #. Tag: title #: boot-new.xml:150 #, no-c-format msgid "Mounting encrypted volumes" msgstr "挂载加密的卷" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:152 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you created encrypted volumes during the installation and assigned them " "mount points, you will be asked to enter the passphrase for each of these " "volumes during the boot." msgstr "" "如果在安装时创建了加密的卷,并为其指定了挂载点,那么在引导的时候会要求为每个" "这样的卷输入密码。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:160 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For partitions encrypted using dm-crypt you will be shown the following " "prompt during the boot: \n" "Starting early crypto disks... part_crypt(starting)\n" "Enter LUKS passphrase:\n" " In the first line of the prompt, " "part is the name of the underlying partition, e." "g. sda2 or md0. You are now probably wondering for which volume you are actually entering the passphrase. Does it relate to your " "/home? Or to /var? Of course, if " "you have just one encrypted volume, this is easy and you can just enter the " "passphrase you used when setting up this volume. If you set up more than one " "encrypted volume during the installation, the notes you wrote down as the " "last step in come in handy. If you did " "not make a note of the mapping between part_crypt and the mount points before, you can still " "find it in /etc/crypttab and /etc/fstab of your new system." msgstr "" "对于使用 dm-crypt 来加密的分区,引导的时候会显示下面的提示信息:" "\n" "Starting early crypto disks... part_crypt(starting)\n" "Enter LUKS passphrase:\n" " 在提示的第一行,part " "是底下分区的名称,例如:sda2 或 md0。您现在也许想知道具体是 为哪一" "卷 真正输入密码。它是与 /home 相关?还是与 " "/var 相关?当然,如果只有一个加密的卷,那么这很容易,只" "需在设置这个卷时输入使用的密码就可以了。如果在安装过程中设置了多个加密的卷," "那么在上一步 中写下的笔记会有用。要是之前" "没有记下在 part_crypt 与挂载" "点之间的映射的笔记,那么仍然可以在新系统的 /etc/crypttab/etc/fstab 里面找到它。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:183 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The prompt may look somewhat different when an encrypted root file system is " "mounted. This depends on which initramfs generator was used to generate the " "initrd used to boot the system. The example below is for an initrd generated " "using initramfs-tools:" msgstr "" "加密的根文件系统挂载的时候,提示信息或许会有些不同。这取决于使用了哪个 " "initamfs 生成程序,来生成用于引导系统的 initrd。下面的示例使用了 " "initramfs-tools 来生成 initrd:" #. Tag: screen #: boot-new.xml:190 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Begin: Mounting root file system... ...\n" "Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ...\n" "Enter LUKS passphrase:" msgstr "" "Begin: Mounting root file system... ...\n" "Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ...\n" "Enter LUKS passphrase:" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:192 #, no-c-format msgid "" "No characters (even asterisks) will be shown while entering the passphrase. " "If you enter the wrong passphrase, you have two more tries to correct it. " "After the third try the boot process will skip this volume and continue to " "mount the next filesystem. Please see for further information." msgstr "" "输入密码时不会显示任何字符(甚至星号)。如果密码输错,那么还有两次机会来纠" "正。第三次输错后,引导过程将跳过该卷,并继续挂载下一个文件系统。更多信息请参" "见 。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:200 #, no-c-format msgid "After entering all passphrases the boot should continue as usual." msgstr "在输入所有密码之后,引导过程应该像通常一样继续。" #. Tag: title #: boot-new.xml:207 #, no-c-format msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "故障处理" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:209 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If some of the encrypted volumes could not be mounted because a wrong " "passphrase was entered, you will have to mount them manually after the boot. " "There are several cases." msgstr "" "如果由于输错密码而造成无法挂载加密的卷,那么不得不在引导后手动挂载。有下面几" "种情况。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:218 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The first case concerns the root partition. When it is not mounted " "correctly, the boot process will halt and you will have to reboot the " "computer to try again." msgstr "" "第一种情况与根分区相关。当不能正确挂载时,引导过程将中止,而您不得不重新引导" "计算机并再次尝试。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:225 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The easiest case is for encrypted volumes holding data like /home or /srv. You can simply mount them manually " "after the boot." msgstr "" "最简单的情况是保存诸如 /home/srv 数据的加密的卷。引导后可以简单地手动挂载它们。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:231 #, no-c-format msgid "" "However for dm-crypt this is a bit tricky. First you need to register the " "volumes with device mapper by running: " "\n" "# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks start\n" " This will scan all volumes mentioned in " "/etc/crypttab and will create appropriate devices under " "the /dev directory after entering the correct " "passphrases. (Already registered volumes will be skipped, so you can repeat " "this command several times without worrying.) After successful registration " "you can simply mount the volumes the usual way:" msgstr "" "然而对于 dm-crypt,这需要一些技巧。首先,需要用 device mapper 来注册卷,这需要运行:\n" "# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks start\n" " 这将扫描 /etc/crypttab 里面" "提到的所有卷,并在输入正确的密码之后,在 /dev 目录下面创" "建对应的设备。(已注册的卷会被跳过,因此可以放心地多次运行该命令。)正确注册" "以后,就可以按一般的方式来挂载这些卷了:" #. Tag: screen #: boot-new.xml:246 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# mount /mount_point" msgstr "" "# mount /mount_point" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:249 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If any volume holding noncritical system files could not be mounted " "(/usr or /var), the system should " "still boot and you should be able to mount the volumes manually like in the " "previous case. However, you will also need to (re)start any services usually " "running in your default runlevel because it is very likely that they were " "not started. The easiest way is to just reboot the computer." msgstr "" "如果任何保存着非关键系统文件( /usr/var )的卷不能挂载,那么系统仍然应该能够引导,并仍然可以像前一种情况那" "样手动挂载那些卷。但是需要将默认运行级别下的任何服务(重新)启动,因为它们很" "可能没有启动。最简单的做法只是重新引导计算机。" #. Tag: title #: boot-new.xml:267 #, no-c-format msgid "Log In" msgstr "登录" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:269 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once your system boots, you'll be presented with the login prompt. Log in " "using the personal login and password you selected during the installation " "process. Your system is now ready for use." msgstr "" "一旦系统引导后,就会看到登录提示符。使用您在安装过程中选择的用户名和密码来登" "录。现在系统就能使用了。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:275 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are a new user, you may want to explore the documentation which is " "already installed on your system as you start to use it. There are currently " "several documentation systems, work is proceeding on integrating the " "different types of documentation. Here are a few starting points." msgstr "" "如果您是新用户,开始使用时会想要浏览已经安装到系统上的文档。当前有多个文档系" "统,而将不同类型文档集成的工作仍在继续。这里是一些起点。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:283 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Documentation accompanying programs you have installed can be found in " "/usr/share/doc/, under a subdirectory named after the " "program (or, more precise, the &debian; package that contains the program). " "However, more extensive documentation is often packaged separately in " "special documentation packages that are mostly not installed by default. For " "example, documentation about the package management tool apt can be found in the packages apt-doc or " "apt-howto." msgstr "" "与已安装的程序相伴的文档可以在 /usr/share/doc/ 里找到," "在该程序(或者更准确地说,包含该程序的 &debian; 软件包)同名的子目录下。但范" "围更广的文档经常会另外打包成一个特殊的文档软件包,而文档软件包多数时候并默认" "不安装。例如,关于软件包管理工具 apt 的文档放在 " "apt-docapt-howto 软件包内。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:294 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In addition, there are some special folders within the /usr/share/" "doc/ hierarchy. Linux HOWTOs are installed in .gz (compressed) format, in /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/. After installing dhelp, you will find a " "browsable index of documentation in /usr/share/doc/HTML/index." "html." msgstr "" "另外,还有一些特殊目录位于 /usr/share/doc/ 层级中。" "Linux HOWTOs 以 .gz (压缩)格式安装在 /usr/" "share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/ 中。在安装 dhelp之后," "可以在 /usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html 中找到可浏览的文档" "索引。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:303 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One easy way to view these documents using a text based browser is to enter " "the following commands: \n" "$ cd /usr/share/doc/\n" "$ w3m .\n" " The dot after the w3m command " "tells it to show the contents of the current directory." msgstr "" "使用基于文本的浏览器来查看这些文档的一种简单方法,是输入下面命令:" "\n" "$ cd /usr/share/doc/\n" "$ w3m .\n" "w3m 命令后的点符号告知要显示" "当前目录的内容。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:313 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have a graphical desktop environment installed, you can also use its " "web browser. Start the web browser from the application menu and enter " "/usr/share/doc/ in the address bar." msgstr "" "如果安装了图形桌面环境,那么也可以使用它的 web 浏览器。从应用程序菜单中启动 " "web 浏览器,并在地址栏内键入 /usr/share/doc/。" #. Tag: para #: boot-new.xml:319 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also type info command or man command " "to see documentation on most commands available at the command prompt. " "Typing help will display help on shell commands. And " "typing a command followed by --help will usually " "display a short summary of the command's usage. If a command's results " "scroll past the top of the screen, type | more " "after the command to cause the results to pause before scrolling past the " "top of the screen. To see a list of all commands available which begin with " "a certain letter, type the letter and then two tabs." msgstr "" "也可以键入 info command 或 " "man command,去查看命令提示" "符下可用的多数命令。键入 help 将显示 shell 命令的帮" "助。键入命令,后面再加上 --help,这通常会显示命令用法" "的简短摘要。如果命令的结果滚动超出屏幕顶端,那么命令后面加上 |" " more,则可以在滚动超出屏幕顶部之前将结果暂停。要查看以某字" "母开始的所有可用命令的列表,则键入该字母,然后按两次 tab 按键。" #~ msgid "OldWorld PowerMacs" #~ msgstr "旧世界的 PowerMacs" #~ msgid "" #~ "If the machine fails to boot after completing the installation, and stops " #~ "with a boot: prompt, try typing Linux followed by &enterkey;. (The default boot configuration in " #~ "quik.conf is labeled Linux). The labels defined in " #~ "quik.conf will be displayed if you press the " #~ "Tab key at the boot: prompt. You can " #~ "also try booting back into the installer, and editing the /" #~ "target/etc/quik.conf placed there by the Install " #~ "Quik on a Hard Disk step. Clues for dealing with " #~ "quik are available at ." #~ msgstr "" #~ "如果在完成安装后机器引导失败,并停在 boot: 提示符,那么请" #~ "尝试键入 Linux,然后按 &enterkey;。(在 " #~ "quik.conf 中的默认引导配置被标为 Linux)。如果在 " #~ "boot: 提示符后按 Tab 键,那么 " #~ "quik.conf 中定义的标签会显示出来。也可以尝试引导回到" #~ "安装程序,并通过 Install Quik on a Hard Disk " #~ "(在硬盘上安装 Quik)步骤,来编辑放在那里的 /target/etc/quik." #~ "conf。处理 quik 的线索可以在 找到。" #~ msgid "" #~ "To boot back into MacOS without resetting the nvram, type bye at the OpenFirmware prompt (assuming MacOS has not been " #~ "removed from the machine). To obtain an OpenFirmware prompt, hold down " #~ "the command option " #~ "o f keys while cold booting " #~ "the machine. If you need to reset the OpenFirmware nvram changes to the " #~ "MacOS default in order to boot back to MacOS, hold down the " #~ "command option p " #~ "r keys while cold booting the machine." #~ msgstr "" #~ "为了引导回 MacOS 而不重设 nvram,需要在 OpenFirmware 提示符下键入 " #~ "bye(假设 MacOS 没有从机器里面删除)。为了得到 " #~ "OpenFirmware 提示符,需要在机器冷启动的时候,按住 " #~ "command option o " #~ "f 组合键。如果需要重置 OpenFirmware nvram 更" #~ "改为默认 MacOS,从而引导回到 MacOS,那么在机器冷启动的时候,按下 " #~ " command option p r 组合键。" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you use BootX to boot into the installed system, " #~ "just select your desired kernel in the Linux Kernels " #~ "folder, un-choose the ramdisk option, and add a root device corresponding " #~ "to your installation; e.g. /dev/sda8." #~ msgstr "" #~ "如果使用 BootX 来引导到安装好的系统,那么只需要选择在 " #~ "Linux Kernels 文件夹中的所需内核,去掉 ramdisk 选项," #~ "并添加与您安装相应的根设备,例如 /dev/sda8。" #~ msgid "NewWorld PowerMacs" #~ msgstr "新世界的 PowerMacs" #~ msgid "" #~ "On G4 machines and iBooks, you can hold down the option " #~ "key and get a graphical screen with a button for each bootable OS, " #~ "&debian-gnu; will be a button with a small penguin icon." #~ msgstr "" #~ "在 G4 机器和 iBooks 上,可以按住 option 键,并得到一个图" #~ "形界面,上面的每个可启动 OS 对应一个按钮,&debian-gnu; 是一个带有小企鹅图" #~ "标的按钮。" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you kept MacOS and at some point it changes the OpenFirmware " #~ "boot-device variable you should reset OpenFirmware to its " #~ "default configuration. To do this hold down the " #~ "command option p " #~ "r keys while cold booting the machine." #~ msgstr "" #~ "如果保留 MacOS,并且某些时候它修改 OpenFirmware boot-device 变量,那么应该将 OpenFirmware 重置为其默认配置。如果要这样做,那么" #~ "需要在机器冷启动的时候按住 command " #~ "option p r " #~ "组合键。" #~ msgid "" #~ "The labels defined in yaboot.conf will be displayed " #~ "if you press the Tab key at the boot: " #~ "prompt." #~ msgstr "" #~ "当在 boot: 提示符下按 Tab 键时,会显示 " #~ "yaboot.conf 中定义的标签。" #~ msgid "" #~ "Resetting OpenFirmware on G3 or G4 hardware will cause it to boot &debian-" #~ "gnu; by default (if you correctly partitioned and placed the " #~ "Apple_Bootstrap partition first). If you have &debian-gnu; on a SCSI disk " #~ "and MacOS on an IDE disk this may not work and you will have to enter " #~ "OpenFirmware and set the boot-device variable, " #~ "ybin normally does this automatically." #~ msgstr "" #~ "重置 G3 或 G4 硬件上的 OpenFirmware 将导致默认引导 &debian-gnu;(如果分区" #~ "正确,并首先放置了 Apple_Bootstrap 分区的话)。如果将 &debian-gnu; 放在 " #~ "SCSI 磁盘,而 MacOS 位于 IDE 磁盘,那么这也许不工作,而您不得不进入 " #~ "OpenFirmware 并设置 boot-device 变量,ybin 通常会自动完成。" #~ msgid "" #~ "After you boot &debian-gnu; for the first time you can add any additional " #~ "options you desire (such as dual boot options) to /etc/yaboot." #~ "conf and run ybin to update your boot " #~ "partition with the changed configuration. Please read the yaboot HOWTO for more information." #~ msgstr "" #~ "在首次引导 &debian-gnu; 后,可以将想要的额外选项(如双启动选项)添加到 " #~ "/etc/yaboot.conf 中,并运行 ybin," #~ "以修改过的配置来更新引导分区。更多信息请阅读 yaboot HOWTO。" #~ msgid "dm-crypt" #~ msgstr "dm-crypt" #~ msgid "loop-AES" #~ msgstr "loop-AES" #~ msgid "" #~ "For partitions encrypted using loop-AES you will be shown the following " #~ "prompt during the boot:" #~ msgstr "使用 loop-AES 加密的分区,启动的时候将会有下面的提示信息:" #~ msgid "" #~ "Checking loop-encrypted file systems.\n" #~ "Setting up /dev/loopX (/" #~ "mountpoint)\n" #~ "Password:" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Checking loop-encrypted file systems.\n" #~ "Setting up /dev/loopX (/" #~ "mountpoint)\n" #~ "Password:" #~ msgid "" #~ "The easiest case is for encrypted volumes holding data like /" #~ "home or /srv. You can simply mount them " #~ "manually after the boot. For loop-AES this is a one-step operation: " #~ "\n" #~ "# mount /mount_point\n" #~ "Password:\n" #~ " where /mount_point " #~ "should be replaced by the particular directory (e.g. /home). The only difference from an ordinary mount is that you will " #~ "be asked to enter the passphrase for this volume." #~ msgstr "" #~ "最容易处理的情况是加密卷位于 /home/" #~ "srv。您在启动后可以很容易手动加载。对于 loop-AES 只需操作一步:" #~ "\n" #~ "# mount /mount_point\n" #~ "Password:\n" #~ " 其中 /mount_point " #~ "要替换为特定的目录(例如,/home)。它与普通的加载不同支" #~ "持仅在于需要为该卷输入密码。"