# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: using-d-i_uk\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-11-21 23:02+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: Ukranian\n" "Language: uk\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Using the &debian; Installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:7 #, no-c-format msgid "How the Installer Works" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:9 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a " "graphical one and a character-based one. The graphical interface is used by " "default unless you select an Install option in the boot menu. " "For more information about booting the graphical installer, please refer to " "." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:17 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a " "text-based one and a graphical one. The text-based interface is used by " "default unless you select an Graphical install option in the " "boot menu. For more information about booting the graphical installer, " "please refer to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:25 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a " "character-based one and a graphical one. The character-based interface is " "used by default unless you select the Graphical install " "option on purpose. For more information about booting the graphical " "installer, please refer to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:33 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For this architecture the installer uses a character-based user interface. A " "graphical user interface is currently not available." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:38 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The &debian; Installer consists of a number of special-purpose components to " "perform each installation task. Each component performs its task, asking the " "user questions as necessary to do its job. The questions themselves are " "given priorities, and the priority of questions to be asked is set when the " "installer is started." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:46 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When a default installation is performed, only essential (high priority) " "questions will be asked. This results in a highly automated installation " "process with little user interaction. Components are automatically run in " "sequence; which components are run depends mainly on the installation method " "you use and on your hardware. The installer will use default values for " "questions that are not asked." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:55 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If there is a problem, the user will see an error screen, and the installer " "menu may be shown in order to select some alternative action. If there are " "no problems, the user will never see the installer menu, but will simply " "answer questions for each component in turn. Serious error notifications are " "set to priority critical so the user will always be notified." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:64 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some of the defaults that the installer uses can be influenced by passing " "boot arguments when &d-i; is started. If, for example, you wish to force " "static network configuration (IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP are used by " "default if available), you could add the boot parameter netcfg/" "disable_autoconfig=true. See " "for available options." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:73 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Power users may be more comfortable with a menu-driven interface, where each " "step is controlled by the user rather than the installer performing each " "step automatically in sequence. To use the installer in a manual, menu-" "driven way, add the boot argument priority=medium." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:81 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your hardware requires you to pass options to kernel modules as they are " "installed, you will need to start the installer in expert " "mode. This can be done by either using the expert command " "to start the installer or by adding the boot argument " "priority=low. Expert mode gives you full control over " "&d-i;." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:90 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In the character-based environment the use of a mouse is not supported. Here " "are the keys you can use to navigate within the various dialogs. The " "Tab or right arrow keys move " "forward, and the Shift " "Tab or left arrow keys move " "backward between displayed buttons and selections. The " "up and down arrow select different items " "within a scrollable list, and also scroll the list itself. In addition, in " "long lists, you can type a letter to cause the list to scroll directly to " "the section with items starting with the letter you typed and use Pg-" "Up and Pg-Down to scroll the list in sections. The " "space bar selects an item such as a checkbox. Use " "&enterkey; to activate choices." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:107 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some dialogs may offer additional help information. If help is available " "this will be indicated on the bottom line of the screen by displaying that " "help information can be accessed by pressing the F1 key." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:113 #, no-c-format msgid "" "S/390 does not support virtual consoles. You may open a second and third ssh " "session to view the logs described below." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:118 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Error messages and logs are redirected to the fourth console. You can access " "this console by pressing Left AltF4 (hold the left Alt key while pressing " "the F4 function key); get back to the main installer " "process with Left AltF1." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "These messages can also be found in /var/log/syslog. " "After installation, this log is copied to /var/log/installer/" "syslog on your new system. Other installation messages may be " "found in /var/log/ during the installation, and " "/var/log/installer/ after the computer has been booted " "into the installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:141 #, no-c-format msgid "Using the graphical installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:142 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The graphical installer basically works the same as the text-based installer " "and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide you through the " "installation process." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:148 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you " "need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection " "of countries within continents), you can use the + and " "- keys. For questions where more than one item can be " "selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the &BTN-CONT; " "button after making your selections; hitting enter will toggle a selection, " "not activate &BTN-CONT;." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:158 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If a dialog offers additional help information, a Help button will be displayed. The help information can be accessed " "either by activating the button or by pressing the F1 key." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:164 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To switch to another console, you will also need to use the Ctrl key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT2 " "(the first debug shell) you would use: Ctrl " "Left Alt F2 . The graphical " "installer itself runs on VT5, so you can use Left Alt F5 to switch back." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:178 #, no-c-format msgid "Components Introduction" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:179 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is a list of installer components with a brief description of each " "component's purpose. Details you might need to know about using a particular " "component are in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:190 #, no-c-format msgid "main-menu" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:190 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shows the list of components to the user during installer operation, and " "starts a component when it is selected. Main-menu's questions are set to " "priority medium, so if your priority is set to high or critical (high is the " "default), you will not see the menu. On the other hand, if there is an error " "which requires your intervention, the question priority may be downgraded " "temporarily to allow you to resolve the problem, and in that case the menu " "may appear." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:200 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can get to the main menu by selecting the &BTN-GOBACK; button repeatedly " "to back all the way out of the currently running component." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:209 #, no-c-format msgid "localechooser" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:209 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Allows the user to select localization options for the installation and the " "installed system: language, country and locales. The installer will display " "messages in the selected language, unless the translation for that language " "is not complete in which case some messages may be shown in English." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:221 #, no-c-format msgid "console-setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:221 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shows a list of keyboard (layouts), from which the user chooses the one " "which matches his own model." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:230 #, no-c-format msgid "hw-detect" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:230 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Automatically detects most of the system's hardware, including network " "cards, disk drives, and PCMCIA." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:239 #, no-c-format msgid "cdrom-detect" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:239 #, no-c-format msgid "Looks for and mounts a &debian; installation media." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:247 #, no-c-format msgid "netcfg" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:247 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Configures the computer's network connections so it can communicate over the " "internet." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:256 #, no-c-format msgid "iso-scan" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:256 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Searches for ISO images (.iso files) on hard drives." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:264 #, no-c-format msgid "choose-mirror" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:264 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Presents a list of &debian; archive mirrors. The user may choose the source " "of his installation packages." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "cdrom-checker" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Checks integrity of installation media. This way, the user may assure him/" "herself that the installation image was not corrupted." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:282 #, no-c-format msgid "lowmem" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:282 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Lowmem tries to detect systems with low memory and then does various tricks " "to remove unnecessary parts of &d-i; from the memory (at the cost of some " "features)." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:292 #, no-c-format msgid "anna" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:292 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Anna's Not Nearly APT. Installs packages which have been retrieved from the " "chosen mirror or installation media." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "user-setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "Sets up the root password, and adds a non-root user." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:309 #, no-c-format msgid "clock-setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:309 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Updates the system clock and determines whether the clock is set to UTC or " "not." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:318 #, no-c-format msgid "tzsetup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:318 #, no-c-format msgid "Selects the time zone, based on the location selected earlier." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:326 #, no-c-format msgid "partman" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:326 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system, create file " "systems on the selected partitions, and attach them to the mountpoints. " "Included are also interesting features like a fully automatic mode or LVM " "support. This is the preferred partitioning tool in &debian;." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:338 #, no-c-format msgid "partitioner" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:338 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system. A partitioning " "program appropriate to your computer's architecture is chosen." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:348 #, no-c-format msgid "partconf" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:348 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Displays a list of partitions, and creates file systems on the selected " "partitions according to user instructions." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:357 #, no-c-format msgid "partman-lvm" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:357 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Helps the user with the configuration of the LVM " "(Logical Volume Manager)." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:366 #, no-c-format msgid "partman-md" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:366 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Allows the user to set up Software RAID (Redundant " "Array of Inexpensive Disks). This Software RAID is usually superior to the " "cheap IDE (pseudo hardware) RAID controllers found on newer motherboards." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:377 #, no-c-format msgid "base-installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:377 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installs the most basic set of packages which would allow the computer to " "operate under &debian-gnu; when rebooted." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:386 #, no-c-format msgid "apt-setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:386 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Configures apt, mostly automatically, based on what media the installer is " "running from." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:395 #, no-c-format msgid "pkgsel" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:395 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Uses tasksel to select and install additional " "software." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:403 #, no-c-format msgid "os-prober" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:403 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Detects currently installed operating systems on the computer and passes " "this information to the bootloader-installer, which may offer you an ability " "to add discovered operating systems to the bootloader's start menu. This way " "the user could easily choose at the boot time which operating system to " "start." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:415 #, no-c-format msgid "bootloader-installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:415 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The various bootloader installers each install a boot loader program on the " "hard disk, which is necessary for the computer to start up using &arch-" "kernel; without using a USB stick or CD-ROM. Many boot loaders allow the " "user to choose an alternate operating system each time the computer boots." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:426 #, no-c-format msgid "shell" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:426 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Allows the user to execute a shell from the menu, or in the second console." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:435 #, no-c-format msgid "save-logs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:435 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Provides a way for the user to record information on a USB stick, network, " "hard disk, or other media when trouble is encountered, in order to " "accurately report installer software problems to &debian; developers later." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:453 #, no-c-format msgid "Using Individual Components" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:454 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In this section we will describe each installer component in detail. The " "components have been grouped into stages that should be recognizable for " "users. They are presented in the order they appear during the install. Note " "that not all modules will be used for every installation; which modules are " "actually used depends on the installation method you use and on your " "hardware." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:466 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up &debian; Installer and Hardware Configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:467 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Let's assume the &debian; Installer has booted and you are facing its first " "screen. At this time, the capabilities of &d-i; are still quite limited. It " "doesn't know much about your hardware, preferred language, or even the task " "it should perform. Don't worry. Because &d-i; is quite clever, it can " "automatically probe your hardware, locate the rest of its components and " "upgrade itself to a capable installation system. However, you still need to " "help &d-i; with some information it can't determine automatically (like " "selecting your preferred language, keyboard layout or desired network " "mirror)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:480 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will notice that &d-i; performs hardware detection several times during this stage. The first time is targeted " "specifically at the hardware needed to load installer components (e.g. your " "CD-ROM or network card). As not all drivers may be available during this " "first run, hardware detection needs to be repeated later in the process." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:488 #, no-c-format msgid "" "During hardware detection &d-i; checks if any of the drivers for the " "hardware devices in your system require firmware to be loaded. If any " "firmware is requested but unavailable, a dialog will be displayed that " "allows the missing firmware to be loaded from a removable medium. See for further details." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:503 #, no-c-format msgid "Check available memory / low memory mode" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:505 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the first things &d-i; does, is to check available memory. If the " "available memory is limited, this component will make some changes in the " "installation process which hopefully will allow you to install &debian-gnu; " "on your system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:512 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The first measure taken to reduce memory consumption by the installer is to " "disable translations, which means that the installation can only be done in " "English. Of course, you can still localize the installed system after the " "installation has completed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:519 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If that is not sufficient, the installer will further reduce memory " "consumption by loading only those components essential to complete a basic " "installation. This reduces the functionality of the installation system. You " "will be given the opportunity to load additional components manually, but " "you should be aware that each component you select will use additional " "memory and thus may cause the installation to fail." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:528 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the installer runs in low memory mode, it is recommended to create a " "relatively large swap partition (64–128MB). The swap partition will be " "used as virtual memory and thus increases the amount of memory available to " "the system. The installer will activate the swap partition as early as " "possible in the installation process. Note that heavy use of swap will " "reduce performance of your system and may lead to high disk activity." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:538 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Despite these measures, it is still possible that your system freezes, that " "unexpected errors occur or that processes are killed by the kernel because " "the system runs out of memory (which will result in Out of memory messages on VT4 and in the syslog)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:545 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For example, it has been reported that creating a big ext3 file system fails " "in low memory mode when there is insufficient swap space. If a larger swap " "doesn't help, try creating the file system as ext2 (which is an essential " "component of the installer) instead. It is possible to change an ext2 " "partition to ext3 after the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:553 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible to force the installer to use a higher lowmem level than the " "one based on available memory by using the boot parameter lowmem as described in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:568 #, no-c-format msgid "Selecting Localization Options" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:570 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In most cases the first questions you will be asked concern the selection of " "localization options to be used both for the installation and for the " "installed system. The localization options consist of language, location and " "locales." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:577 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The language you choose will be used for the rest of the installation " "process, provided a translation of the different dialogs is available. If no " "valid translation is available for the selected language, the installer will " "default to English." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:584 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The selected geographic location (in most cases a country) will be used " "later in the installation process to select the correct time zone and a " "&debian; mirror appropriate for that country. Language and country together " "will help determine the default locale for your system and select the " "correct keyboard layout." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:592 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will first be asked to select your preferred language. The language " "names are listed both in English (left side) and in the language itself " "(right side); the names on the right side are also shown in the proper " "script for the language. The list is sorted on the English names. At the top " "of the list is an extra option that allows you to select the C locale instead of a language. Choosing the C locale " "will result in the installation proceding in English; the installed system " "will have no localization support as the locales " "package will not be installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:604 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next you will be asked to select your geographic location. If you selected a " "language that is recognized as an official language for more than one " "country In technical terms: where multiple locales exist " "for that language with differing country codes. , you " "will be shown a list of only those countries. To select a country that is " "not in that list, choose other (the last option). " "You will then be presented with a list of continents; selecting a continent " "will lead to a list of relevant countries on that continent." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:621 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the language has only one country associated with it, a list of countries " "will be displayed for the continent or region the country belongs to, with " "that country selected as the default. Use the Go Back " "option to select countries on a different continent." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:628 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is important to select the country where you live or where you are " "located as it determines the time zone that will be configured for the " "installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:634 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you selected a combination of language and country for which no locale is " "defined and there exist multiple locales for the language, then the " "installer will allow you to choose which of those locales you prefer as the " "default locale for the installed system At medium and low " "priority you can always select your preferred locale from those available " "for the selected language (if there's more than one). . " "In all other cases a default locale will be selected based on the selected " "language and country." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:649 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any default locale selected as described in the previous paragraph will use " "UTF-8 as character encoding." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:654 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing at low priority, you will have the option of selecting " "additional locales, including so-called legacy " "locales Legacy locales are locales which do not use UTF-8, " "but one of the older standards for character encoding such as " "ISO 8859-1 (used by West European languages) or EUC-JP (used by " "Japanese). , to be generated for the installed system; if " "you do, you will be asked which of the selected locales should be the " "default for the installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:678 #, no-c-format msgid "Choosing a Keyboard" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:680 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Keyboards are often tailored to the characters used in a language. Select a " "layout that conforms to the keyboard you are using, or select something " "close if the keyboard layout you want isn't represented. Once the system " "installation is complete, you'll be able to select a keyboard layout from a " "wider range of choices (run dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-" "configuration as root after you have completed the installation)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:690 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Move the highlight to the keyboard selection you desire and press " "&enterkey;. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight — they are in the " "same place in all national language keyboard layouts, so they are " "independent of the keyboard configuration." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:717 #, no-c-format msgid "Looking for the &debian; Installer ISO Image" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:718 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When installing via the hd-media method, there will be " "a moment where you need to find and mount the &debian; Installer iso image " "in order to get the rest of the installation files. The component " "iso-scan does exactly this." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:725 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At first, iso-scan automatically mounts all block devices " "(e.g. partitions and logical volumes) which have some known filesystem on " "them and sequentially searches for filenames ending with .iso (or .ISO for that matter). Beware that the " "first attempt scans only files in the root directory and in the first level " "of subdirectories (i.e. it finds /whatever.iso, /data/whatever.iso, but not /data/tmp/" "whatever.iso). After an iso image has " "been found, iso-scan checks its content to determine if " "the image is a valid &debian; iso image or not. In the former case we are " "done, in the latter iso-scan seeks for another image." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:742 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In case the previous attempt to find an installer iso image fails, " "iso-scan will ask you whether you would like to perform a " "more thorough search. This pass doesn't just look into the topmost " "directories, but really traverses whole filesystem." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:749 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If iso-scan does not discover your installer iso image, " "reboot back to your original operating system and check if the image is " "named correctly (ending in .iso), if it is placed on a " "filesystem recognizable by &d-i;, and if it is not corrupted (verify the " "checksum). Experienced Unix users could do this without rebooting on the " "second console." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:758 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the partition (or disk) hosting the ISO image can't be reused " "during the installation process as it will be in use by the installer. To " "work-around this, and provided that you have enough system memory, the " "installer can copy the ISO image into RAM before mounting it. This is " "controlled by the low priority iso-scan/copy_iso_to_ram " "debconf question (it is only asked if the memory requirement is met)." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:779 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring the Network" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:781 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As you enter this step, if the system detects that you have more than one " "network device, you'll be asked to choose which device will be your " "primary network interface, i.e. the one which you want " "to use for installation. The other interfaces won't be configured at this " "time. You may configure additional interfaces after installation is " "complete; see the interfaces " "5 man page." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:795 #, no-c-format msgid "Automatic network configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By default, &d-i; tries to configure your computer's network automatically " "as far as possible. If the automatic configuration fails, that may be caused " "by many factors ranging from an unplugged network cable to missing " "infrastructure for automatic configuration. For further explanation in case " "of errors, check the error messages on the fourth console. In any case, you " "will be asked if you want to retry, or if you want to perform a manual " "setup. Sometimes the network services used for autoconfiguration can be slow " "in their responses, so if you are sure everything is in place, simply start " "the autoconfiguration attempt again. If autoconfiguration fails repeatedly, " "you can instead choose the manual network setup." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:815 #, no-c-format msgid "Manual network configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:816 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The manual network setup in turn asks you a number of questions about your " "network, notably IP address, " "Netmask, Gateway, Name server addresses, and " "a Hostname. Moreover, if you have a " "wireless network interface, you will be asked to provide your " "Wireless ESSID (wireless network " "name) and a WEP key or " "WPA/WPA2 passphrase. Fill in the answers " "from ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:832 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some technical details you might, or might not, find handy: the program " "assumes the network IP address is the bitwise-AND of your system's IP " "address and your netmask. The default broadcast address is calculated as the " "bitwise OR of your system's IP address with the bitwise negation of the " "netmask. It will also guess your gateway. If you can't find any of these " "answers, use the offered defaults — if necessary, you can change them " "by editing /etc/network/interfaces once the system has " "been installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:847 #, no-c-format msgid "IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:848 #, no-c-format msgid "" "From &debian-gnu; 7.0 (Wheezy) onwards, &d-i; supports IPv6 " "as well as the classic IPv4. All combinations of IPv4 and " "IPv6 (IPv4-only, IPv6-only and dual-stack configurations) are supported." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:854 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Autoconfiguration for IPv4 is done via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration " "Protocol). Autoconfiguration for IPv6 supports stateless autoconfiguration " "using NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol, including recursive DNS server " "(RDNSS) assignment), stateful autoconfiguration via DHCPv6 and mixed " "stateless/stateful autoconfiguration (address configuration via NDP, " "additional parameters via DHCPv6)." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:898 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Up Users And Passwords" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:899 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Just before configuring the clock, the installer will allow you to set up " "the root account and/or an account for the first user. Other " "user accounts can be created after the installation has been completed." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:913 #, no-c-format msgid "Set the Root Password" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:915 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The root account is also called the super-" "user; it is a login that bypasses all security protection on your " "system. The root account should only be used to perform system " "administration, and only used for as short a time as possible." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:923 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any password you create should contain at least 6 characters, and should " "contain both upper- and lower-case characters, as well as punctuation " "characters. Take extra care when setting your root password, since it is " "such a powerful account. Avoid dictionary words or use of any personal " "information which could be guessed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:931 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If anyone ever tells you they need your root password, be extremely wary. " "You should normally never give your root password out, unless you are " "administering a machine with more than one system administrator." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:937 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In case you do not specify a password for the root user here, " "this account will be disabled but the sudo package will " "be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the " "new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed " "to use the sudo command to become root." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:949 #, no-c-format msgid "Create an Ordinary User" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:951 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The system will ask you whether you wish to create an ordinary user account " "at this point. This account should be your main personal log-in. You should " "not use the root account for daily use or as your " "personal login." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:960 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Why not? Well, one reason to avoid using root's privileges is that it is " "very easy to do irreparable damage as root. Another reason is that you might " "be tricked into running a Trojan-horse program — " "that is a program that takes advantage of your super-user powers to " "compromise the security of your system behind your back. Any good book on " "Unix system administration will cover this topic in more detail — " "consider reading one if it is new to you." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:970 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will first be prompted for the user's full name. Then you'll be asked " "for a name for the user account; generally your first name or something " "similar will suffice and indeed will be the default. Finally, you will be " "prompted for a password for this account." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:977 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If at any point after installation you would like to create another account, " "use the adduser command." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:992 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring the Clock and Time Zone" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:994 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer will first attempt to connect to a time server on the Internet " "(using the NTP protocol) in order to correctly set " "the system time. If this does not succeed, the installer will assume the " "time and date obtained from the system clock when the installation system " "was booted are correct. It is not possible to manually set the system time " "during the installation process." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1003 #, no-c-format msgid "The installer does not modify the system clock on the S/390 platform." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1016 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on the location selected earlier in the installation process, you " "may be shown a list of time zones relevant for that location. If your " "location has only one time zone and you are doing a default installation, " "you will not be asked anything and the system will assume that time zone." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1024 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In expert mode or when installing at medium priority, you will have the " "additional option to select Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) " "as time zone." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1030 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If for some reason you wish to set a time zone for the installed system that " "does not match the selected location, there are two " "options." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1041 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The simplest option is to just select a different time zone after the " "installation has been completed and you've booted into the new system. The " "command to do this is:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: using-d-i.xml:1047 #, no-c-format msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1053 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Alternatively, the time zone can be set at the very start of the " "installation by passing the parameter time/" "zone=value when you boot the " "installation system. The value should of course be a valid time zone, for " "example Europe/London or UTC." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1067 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For automated installations the time zone can be set to any desired value " "using preseeding." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1080 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning and Mount Point Selection" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1081 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this time, after hardware detection has been executed a final time, &d-i; " "should be at its full strength, customized for the user's needs and ready to " "do some real work. As the title of this section indicates, the main task of " "the next few components lies in partitioning your disks, creating " "filesystems, assigning mountpoints and optionally configuring closely " "related options like RAID, LVM or encrypted devices." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1102 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are uncomfortable with partitioning, or just want to know more " "details, see ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1108 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If a hard disk has previously used under Solaris, the partitioner may not " "detect the size of the drive correctly. Creating a new partition table does " "not fix this issue. What does help, is to zero the first few " "sectors of the drive: \n" "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=2; " "sync\n" " Note that this will make any existing data on " "that disk inaccessible." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1121 #, no-c-format msgid "" "First you will be given the opportunity to automatically partition either an " "entire drive, or available free space on a drive. This is also called " "guided partitioning. If you do not want to autopartition, " "choose Manual from the menu." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1131 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported partitioning options" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1132 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The partitioner used in &d-i; is fairly versatile. It allows to create many " "different partitioning schemes, using various partition tables, file systems " "and advanced block devices." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1138 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Exactly which options are available depends mainly on the architecture, but " "also on other factors. For example, on systems with limited internal memory " "some options may not be available. Defaults may vary as well. The type of " "partition table used by default can for example be different for large " "capacity hard disks than for smaller hard disks. Some options can only be " "changed when installing at medium or low debconf priority; at higher " "priorities sensible defaults will be used." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1149 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer supports various forms of advanced partitioning and use of " "storage devices, which in many cases can be used in combination." msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1156 #, no-c-format msgid "Logical Volume Management (LVM)" msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1159 #, no-c-format msgid "Software RAID" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1160 #, no-c-format msgid "Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10." msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1164 #, no-c-format msgid "Encryption" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1166 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Serial ATA RAID (using dmraid)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1168 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Also called fake RAID or BIOS RAID. Support " "for Serial ATA RAID is currently only available if enabled when the " "installer is booted. Further information is available on our Wiki." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1174 #, no-c-format msgid "Multipath (experimental)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1176 #, no-c-format msgid "" "See our Wiki for information. " "Support for multipath is currently only available if enabled when the " "installer is booted." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1183 #, no-c-format msgid "The following file systems are supported." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1188 #, no-c-format msgid "" "ext2r0, " "ext2, ext3, ext4" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1193 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The default file system selected in most cases is ext4; for /boot partitions ext2 will be selected by default when guided " "partitioning is used." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1198 #, no-c-format msgid "jfs (not available on all architectures)" msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1202 #, no-c-format msgid "ufs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1203 #, no-c-format msgid "The default file system is UFS." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1206 #, no-c-format msgid "xfs (not available on all architectures)" msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1210 #, no-c-format msgid "zfs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1211 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As ZFS support in the installer is still in development, only a basic subset " "of ZFS features are supported. Some of them can be enabled manually after " "the initial install, but there are some caveats:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1216 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Each ZFS pool will host only one filesystem. After install is finished, more " "filesystems can be created on this pool by using the zfs create command." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1221 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Each ZFS pool will be composed of exactly one partition. After install is " "finished, a single-device ZFS pool can be converted into a multi-device pool " "by using the zpool add command, or into a mirrored pool by " "using the zpool attach command. However, you shouldn't do " "this on the pool that hosts root filesystem, as it would prevent GRUB from " "booting your system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1229 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Compression is not currently supported. After the install is finished, " "compression can be enabled by setting the compression " "property via the zfs set command. However, if a compression " "algorithm other than the default (lzjb) is used on the pool that hosts your " "root filesystem, this may prevent GRUB from booting your system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1238 #, no-c-format msgid "" "reiserfs (optional; not available on all architectures)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1240 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Support for the Reiser file system is no longer available by default. When " "the installer is running at medium or low debconf priority it can be enabled " "by selecting the partman-reiserfs component. Only " "version 3 of the file system is supported." msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1247 #, no-c-format msgid "jffs2" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1248 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Used on some systems to read flash memory. It is not possible to create new " "jffs2 partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: emphasis #: using-d-i.xml:1253 #, no-c-format msgid "qnx4" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1254 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Existing partitions will be recognized and it is possible to assign mount " "points for them. It is not possible to create new qnx4 partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1258 #, no-c-format msgid "FAT16, FAT32" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1261 #, no-c-format msgid "NTFS (read-only)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1263 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Existing NTFS partitions can be resized and it is possible to assign mount " "points for them. It is not possible to create new NTFS partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1273 #, no-c-format msgid "Guided Partitioning" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1274 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you choose guided partitioning, you may have three options: to create " "partitions directly on the hard disk (classic method), or to create them " "using Logical Volume Management (LVM), or to create them using encrypted " "LVM The installer will encrypt the LVM volume group using a " "256 bit AES key and makes use of the kernel's dm-crypt " "support. ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1289 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The option to use (encrypted) LVM may not be available on all architectures." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1294 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When using LVM or encrypted LVM, the installer will create most partitions " "inside one big partition; the advantage of this method is that partitions " "inside this big partition can be resized relatively easily later. In the " "case of encrypted LVM the big partition will not be readable without knowing " "a special key phrase, thus providing extra security of your (personal) data." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1303 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When using encrypted LVM, the installer will also automatically erase the " "disk by writing random data to it. This further improves security (as it " "makes it impossible to tell which parts of the disk are in use and also " "makes sure that any traces of previous installations are erased), but may " "take some time depending on the size of your disk." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1312 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you choose guided partitioning using LVM or encrypted LVM, some changes " "in the partition table will need to be written to the selected disk while " "LVM is being set up. These changes effectively erase all data that is " "currently on the selected hard disk and you will not be able to undo them " "later. However, the installer will ask you to confirm these changes before " "they are written to disk." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1322 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you choose guided partitioning (either classic " "or using (encrypted) LVM) for a whole disk, you will first be asked " "to select the disk you want to use. Check that all your disks are listed " "and, if you have several disks, make sure you select the correct one. The " "order they are listed in may differ from what you are used to. The size of " "the disks may help to identify them." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1331 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any data on the disk you select will eventually be lost, but you will always " "be asked to confirm any changes before they are written to the disk. If you have selected the classic method of partitioning, " "you will be able to undo any changes right until the end; when using " "(encrypted) LVM this is not possible. " msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1341 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, you will be able to choose from the schemes listed in the table below. " "All schemes have their pros and cons, some of which are discussed in . If you are unsure, choose the first one. Bear in " "mind that guided partitioning needs a certain minimal amount of free space " "to operate with. If you don't give it at least about 1GB of space (depends " "on chosen scheme), guided partitioning will fail." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1357 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning scheme" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1358 #, no-c-format msgid "Minimum space" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1359 #, no-c-format msgid "Created partitions" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1365 #, no-c-format msgid "All files in one partition" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1366 #, no-c-format msgid "600MB" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1367 #, no-c-format msgid "/, swap" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1369 #, no-c-format msgid "Separate /home partition" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1370 #, no-c-format msgid "500MB" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1371 #, no-c-format msgid "/, /home, swap" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1375 #, no-c-format msgid "Separate /home, /var and /tmp partitions" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1376 #, no-c-format msgid "1GB" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1377 #, no-c-format msgid "" "/, /home, /var, /tmp, swap" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1386 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you choose guided partitioning using (encrypted) LVM, the installer will " "also create a separate /boot partition. The other " "partitions, including the swap partition, will be created inside the LVM " "partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1392 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have booted in EFI mode then within the guided partitioning setup " "there will be an additional partition, formatted as a FAT32 bootable " "filesystem, for the EFI boot loader. This partition is known as an EFI " "System Partition (ESP). There is also an additional menu item in the " "formatting menu to manually set up a partition as an ESP." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1400 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After selecting a scheme, the next screen will show your new partition " "table, including information on whether and how partitions will be formatted " "and where they will be mounted." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1406 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The list of partitions might look like this: \n" " SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 6.4 GB WDC AC36400L\n" " #1 primary 16.4 MB B f ext2 /boot\n" " #2 primary 551.0 MB swap swap\n" " #3 primary 5.8 GB ntfs\n" " pri/log 8.2 MB FREE SPACE\n" "\n" " SCSI2 (1,0,0) (sdb) - 80.0 GB ST380021A\n" " #1 primary 15.9 MB ext3\n" " #2 primary 996.0 MB fat16\n" " #3 primary 3.9 GB xfs /home\n" " #5 logical 6.0 GB f ext4 /\n" " #6 logical 1.0 GB f ext3 /var\n" " #7 logical 498.8 MB ext3\n" " This example shows two hard drives divided into " "several partitions; the first disk has some free space. Each partition line " "consists of the partition number, its type, size, optional flags, file " "system, and mountpoint (if any). Note: this particular setup cannot be " "created using guided partitioning but it does show possible variation that " "can be achieved using manual partitioning." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1419 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This concludes the guided partitioning. If you are satisfied with the " "generated partition table, you can choose Finish partitioning " "and write changes to disk from the menu to implement the new " "partition table (as described at the end of this section). If you are not " "happy, you can choose to Undo changes to partitions and run guided partitioning again, or modify the proposed " "changes as described below for manual partitioning." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1433 #, no-c-format msgid "Manual Partitioning" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1434 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A similar screen to the one shown just above will be displayed if you choose " "manual partitioning except that your existing partition table will be shown " "and without the mount points. How to manually set up your partition table " "and the usage of partitions by your new &debian; system will be covered in " "the remainder of this section." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1442 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you select a pristine disk which has neither partitions nor free space on " "it, you will be asked if a new partition table should be created (this is " "needed so you can create new partitions). After this, a new line entitled " "FREE SPACE should appear in the table under the selected disk." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1450 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you select some free space, you will have the opportunity to create a new " "partition. You will have to answer a quick series of questions about its " "size, type (primary or logical), and location (beginning or end of the free " "space). After this, you will be presented with a detailed overview of your " "new partition. The main setting is Use as:, which " "determines if the partition will have a file system on it, or be used for " "swap, software RAID, LVM, an encrypted file " "system, or not be used at all. Other settings include mountpoint, " "mount options, and bootable flag; which settings are shown depends on how " "the partition is to be used. If you don't like the preselected defaults, " "feel free to change them to your liking. E.g. by selecting the option " "Use as:, you can choose a different filesystem " "for this partition, including options to use the partition for swap, software RAID, LVM, or not use it at all. When " "you are satisfied with your new partition, select Done setting " "up the partition and you will return to partman's main screen." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1471 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you decide you want to change something about your partition, simply " "select the partition, which will bring you to the partition configuration " "menu. This is the same screen as is used when creating a new partition, so " "you can change the same settings. One thing that may not be very obvious at " "a first glance is that you can resize the partition by selecting the item " "displaying the size of the partition. Filesystems known to work are at least " "fat16, fat32, ext2, ext3 and swap. This menu also allows you to delete a " "partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1482 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Be sure to create at least two partitions: one for the root filesystem (which must be mounted as /) and " "one for swap. If you forget to mount the root " "filesystem, partman won't let you continue until you " "correct this issue." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1490 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you boot in EFI mode but forget to select and format an EFI System " "Partition, partman will detect this and will not let you " "continue until you allocate one." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1496 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Capabilities of partman can be extended with installer " "modules, but are dependent on your system's architecture. So if you can't " "see all promised goodies, check if you have loaded all required modules (e." "g. partman-ext3, partman-xfs, or " "partman-lvm)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1504 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you are satisfied with partitioning, select Finish " "partitioning and write changes to disk from the partitioning " "menu. You will be presented with a summary of changes made to the disks and " "asked to confirm that the filesystems should be created as requested." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1532 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1533 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have more than one harddrive To be honest, you can " "construct an MD device even from partitions residing on single physical " "drive, but that won't give any benefits. in your " "computer, you can use partman-md to set up your drives " "for increased performance and/or better reliability of your data. The result " "is called Multidisk Device (or after its most famous " "variant software RAID)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1546 #, no-c-format msgid "" "MD is basically a bunch of partitions located on different disks and " "combined together to form a logical device. This device " "can then be used like an ordinary partition (i.e. in partman you can format it, assign a mountpoint, etc.)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1554 #, no-c-format msgid "" "What benefits this brings depends on the type of MD device you are creating. " "Currently supported are: RAID0 Is mainly aimed at performance. RAID0 splits all " "incoming data into stripes and distributes them " "equally over each disk in the array. This can increase the speed of read/" "write operations, but when one of the disks fails, you will lose " "everything (part of the information is still on the " "healthy disk(s), the other part was on the failed " "disk). The typical use for RAID0 is a partition for video " "editing. RAID1 Is suitable for setups where reliability is the first " "concern. It consists of several (usually two) equally-sized partitions where " "every partition contains exactly the same data. This essentially means three " "things. First, if one of your disks fails, you still have the data mirrored " "on the remaining disks. Second, you can use only a fraction of the available " "capacity (more precisely, it is the size of the smallest partition in the " "RAID). Third, file-reads are load-balanced among the disks, which can " "improve performance on a server, such as a file server, that tends to be " "loaded with more disk reads than writes. Optionally you can " "have a spare disk in the array which will take the place of the failed disk " "in the case of failure. " "RAID5 Is a good compromise between speed, " "reliability and data redundancy. RAID5 splits all incoming data into stripes " "and distributes them equally on all but one disk (similar to RAID0). Unlike " "RAID0, RAID5 also computes parity information, which " "gets written on the remaining disk. The parity disk is not static (that " "would be called RAID4), but is changing periodically, so the parity " "information is distributed equally on all disks. When one of the disks " "fails, the missing part of information can be computed from remaining data " "and its parity. RAID5 must consist of at least three active partitions. " "Optionally you can have a spare disk in the array which will take the place " "of the failed disk in the case of failure. As you can see, " "RAID5 has a similar degree of reliability to RAID1 while achieving less " "redundancy. On the other hand, it might be a bit slower on write operations " "than RAID0 due to computation of parity information. RAID6 Is similar " "to RAID5 except that it uses two parity devices instead of one. A RAID6 array can survive up to two disk failures. RAID10 " "RAID10 combines striping (as in RAID0) and mirroring (as in RAID1). It " "creates n copies of incoming data and distributes " "them across the partitions so that none of the copies of the same data are " "on the same device. The default value of n is 2, " "but it can be set to something else in expert mode. The number of partitions " "used must be at least n. RAID10 has different " "layouts for distributing the copies. The default is near copies. Near copies " "have all of the copies at about the same offset on all of the disks. Far " "copies have the copies at different offsets on the disks. Offset copies copy " "the stripe, not the individual copies. RAID10 can be used to " "achieve reliability and redundancy without the drawback of having to " "calculate parity. To sum " "it up:" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1668 #, no-c-format msgid "Type" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1669 #, no-c-format msgid "Minimum Devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1670 #, no-c-format msgid "Spare Device" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1671 #, no-c-format msgid "Survives disk failure?" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1672 #, no-c-format msgid "Available Space" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1678 #, no-c-format msgid "RAID0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1679 using-d-i.xml:1687 using-d-i.xml:1717 #, no-c-format msgid "2" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1680 using-d-i.xml:1681 #, no-c-format msgid "no" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1682 #, no-c-format msgid "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by number of devices in RAID" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1686 #, no-c-format msgid "RAID1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1688 using-d-i.xml:1696 using-d-i.xml:1707 using-d-i.xml:1718 #, no-c-format msgid "optional" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1689 using-d-i.xml:1697 using-d-i.xml:1708 using-d-i.xml:1719 #, no-c-format msgid "yes" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1690 #, no-c-format msgid "Size of the smallest partition in RAID" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1694 #, no-c-format msgid "RAID5" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1695 #, no-c-format msgid "3" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1698 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID " "minus one)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1705 #, no-c-format msgid "RAID6" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1706 #, no-c-format msgid "4" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1709 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID " "minus two)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1716 #, no-c-format msgid "RAID10" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: using-d-i.xml:1720 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Total of all partitions divided by the number of chunk copies (defaults to " "two)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1727 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you want to know more about Software RAID, have a look at Software RAID HOWTO." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1732 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To create an MD device, you need to have the desired partitions it should " "consist of marked for use in a RAID. (This is done in partman in the Partition settings menu where you should " "select Use as: physical volume " "for RAID .)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1741 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Make sure that the system can be booted with the partitioning scheme you are " "planning. In general it will be necessary to create a separate file system " "for /boot when using RAID for the root (/) file system. Most boot loaders (including " "grub) do support mirrored (not striped!) RAID1, so using for " "example RAID5 for / and RAID1 for /boot can be an option." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1752 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, you should choose Configure software RAID " "from the main partman menu. (The menu will only appear " "after you mark at least one partition for use as physical " "volume for RAID.) On the first screen of partman-md simply select Create MD device. You will " "be presented with a list of supported types of MD devices, from which you " "should choose one (e.g. RAID1). What follows depends on the type of MD you " "selected." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1765 #, no-c-format msgid "" "RAID0 is simple — you will be issued with the list of available RAID " "partitions and your only task is to select the partitions which will form " "the MD." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1772 #, no-c-format msgid "" "RAID1 is a bit more tricky. First, you will be asked to enter the number of " "active devices and the number of spare devices which will form the MD. Next, " "you need to select from the list of available RAID partitions those that " "will be active and then those that will be spare. The count of selected " "partitions must be equal to the number provided earlier. Don't worry. If you " "make a mistake and select a different number of partitions, &d-i; won't let " "you continue until you correct the issue." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1784 #, no-c-format msgid "" "RAID5 has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 with the exception that you " "need to use at least three active partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1790 #, no-c-format msgid "" "RAID6 also has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except that at least " "four active partitions are required." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1796 #, no-c-format msgid "" "RAID10 again has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except in expert mode. " "In expert mode, &d-i; will ask you for the layout. The layout has two parts. " "The first part is the layout type. It is either n (for " "near copies), f (for far copies), or o " "(for offset copies). The second part is the number of copies to make of the " "data. There must be at least that many active devices so that all of the " "copies can be distributed onto different disks." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1810 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is perfectly possible to have several types of MD at once. For example, " "if you have three 200 GB hard drives dedicated to MD, each containing two " "100 GB partitions, you can combine the first partitions on all three disks " "into the RAID0 (fast 300 GB video editing partition) and use the other three " "partitions (2 active and 1 spare) for RAID1 (quite reliable 100 GB partition " "for /home)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1819 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you set up MD devices to your liking, you can Finish partman-md to return back to the " "partman to create filesystems on your new MD devices and " "assign them the usual attributes like mountpoints." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1834 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1835 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are working with computers at the level of system administrator or " "advanced user, you have surely seen the situation where some " "disk partition (usually the most important one) was short on space, while " "some other partition was grossly underused and you had to manage this " "situation by moving stuff around, symlinking, etc." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1843 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To avoid the described situation you can use Logical Volume Manager (LVM). " "Simply said, with LVM you can combine your partitions (physical " "volumes in LVM lingo) to form a virtual disk (so called " "volume group), which can then be divided into virtual " "partitions (logical volumes). The point is that " "logical volumes (and of course underlying volume groups) can span across " "several physical disks." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1853 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now when you realize you need more space for your old 160GB /home partition, you can simply add a new 300GB disk to the computer, " "join it with your existing volume group and then resize the logical volume " "which holds your /home filesystem and voila — " "your users have some room again on their renewed 460GB partition. This " "example is of course a bit oversimplified. If you haven't read it yet, you " "should consult the LVM HOWTO." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1864 #, no-c-format msgid "" "LVM setup in &d-i; is quite simple and completely supported inside " "partman. First, you have to mark the partition(s) to be " "used as physical volumes for LVM. This is done in the Partition " "settings menu where you should select Use as:" " physical volume for LVM ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1873 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Be aware: the new LVM setup will destroy all data on all partitions marked " "with an LVM type code. So, if you already have an LVM on some of your disks, " "and want to install Debian additionally to that machine, the old (already " "existing) LVM will be wiped out! The same counts for partitions, which are " "(for any reason) misleadingly marked with an LVM type code, but contain " "something different (like an encrypted volume). You need to remove such " "disks from the system, before performing a new LVM setup!" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1883 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When you return to the main partman screen, you will see " "a new option Configure the Logical Volume Manager. When you select that, you will first be asked to confirm " "pending changes to the partition table (if any) and after that the LVM " "configuration menu will be shown. Above the menu a summary of the LVM " "configuration is shown. The menu itself is context sensitive and only shows " "valid actions. The possible actions are:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1894 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Display configuration details: shows LVM device " "structure, names and sizes of logical volumes and more" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1899 #, no-c-format msgid "Create volume group" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1902 #, no-c-format msgid "Create logical volume" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1905 #, no-c-format msgid "Delete volume group" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1908 #, no-c-format msgid "Delete logical volume" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1911 #, no-c-format msgid "Extend volume group" msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: using-d-i.xml:1914 #, no-c-format msgid "Reduce volume group" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1916 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Finish: return to the main partman screen" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1922 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Use the options in that menu to first create a volume group and then create " "your logical volumes inside it." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1927 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you return to the main partman screen, any created " "logical volumes will be displayed in the same way as ordinary partitions " "(and you should treat them as such)." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:1941 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring Encrypted Volumes" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1942 #, no-c-format msgid "" "&d-i; allows you to set up encrypted partitions. Every file you write to " "such a partition is immediately saved to the device in encrypted form. " "Access to the encrypted data is granted only after entering the " "passphrase used when the encrypted partition was " "originally created. This feature is useful to protect sensitive data in case " "your laptop or hard drive gets stolen. The thief might get physical access " "to the hard drive, but without knowing the right passphrase, the data on the " "hard drive will look like random characters." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1954 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The two most important partitions to encrypt are: the home partition, where " "your private data resides, and the swap partition, where sensitive data " "might be stored temporarily during operation. Of course, nothing prevents " "you from encrypting any other partitions that might be of interest. For " "example /var where database servers, mail servers or " "print servers store their data, or /tmp which is used " "by various programs to store potentially interesting temporary files. Some " "people may even want to encrypt their whole system. Generally the only " "exception here is the /boot partition which must remain " "unencrypted, because historically there was no way to load the kernel from " "an encrypted partition. (GRUB is now able to do that, but &d-i; currently " "lacks native support for encrypted /boot. The setup is " "therefore covered in a separate document.)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1972 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please note that the performance of encrypted partitions will be less than " "that of unencrypted ones because the data needs to be decrypted or encrypted " "for every read or write. The performance impact depends on your CPU speed, " "chosen cipher and a key length." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1979 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To use encryption, you have to create a new partition by selecting some free " "space in the main partitioning menu. Another option is to choose an existing " "partition (e.g. a regular partition, an LVM logical volume or a RAID " "volume). In the Partition settings menu, you need to " "select physical volume for encryption at the " " Use as: option. The menu will " "then change to include several cryptographic options for the partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1990 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The encryption method supported by &d-i; is dm-crypt " "(included in newer Linux kernels, able to host LVM physical volumes)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:1999 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Let's have a look at the options available when you select encryption via " "Device-mapper (dm-crypt). As always: when in doubt, " "use the defaults, because they have been carefully chosen with security in " "mind." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2009 #, no-c-format msgid "Encryption: aes" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2011 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This option lets you select the encryption algorithm (cipher) which will be used to encrypt the data on the partition. &d-i; " "currently supports the following block ciphers: aes, " "blowfish, serpent, and " "twofish. It is beyond the scope of this document to " "discuss the qualities of these different algorithms, however, it might help " "your decision to know that in 2000, AES was chosen by " "the American National Institute of Standards and Technology as the standard " "encryption algorithm for protecting sensitive information in the 21st " "century." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2029 #, no-c-format msgid "Key size: 256" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2031 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here you can specify the length of the encryption key. With a larger key " "size, the strength of the encryption is generally improved. On the other " "hand, increasing the length of the key usually has a negative impact on " "performance. Available key sizes vary depending on the cipher." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2043 #, no-c-format msgid "IV algorithm: xts-plain64" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2045 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Initialization Vector or IV algorithm is used in cryptography to ensure that applying the " "cipher on the same clear text data with the same key " "always produces a unique cipher text. The idea is to " "prevent the attacker from deducing information from repeated patterns in the " "encrypted data." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2055 #, no-c-format msgid "" "From the provided alternatives, the default xts-plain64 is currently the least vulnerable to known attacks. Use the other " "alternatives only when you need to ensure compatibility with some previously " "installed system that is not able to use newer algorithms." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2067 #, no-c-format msgid "Encryption key: Passphrase" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2069 #, no-c-format msgid "Here you can choose the type of the encryption key for this partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2075 #, no-c-format msgid "Passphrase" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2076 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The encryption key will be computed Using a passphrase as " "the key currently means that the partition will be set up using LUKS. on the basis of a passphrase " "which you will be able to enter later in the process." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2091 #, no-c-format msgid "Random key" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2092 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A new encryption key will be generated from random data each time you try to " "bring up the encrypted partition. In other words: on every shutdown the " "content of the partition will be lost as the key is deleted from memory. (Of " "course, you could try to guess the key with a brute force attack, but unless " "there is an unknown weakness in the cipher algorithm, it is not achievable " "in our lifetime.)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2101 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Random keys are useful for swap partitions because you do not need to bother " "yourself with remembering the passphrase or wiping sensitive information " "from the swap partition before shutting down your computer. However, it also " "means that you will not be able to use the " "suspend-to-disk functionality offered by newer Linux kernels " "as it will be impossible (during a subsequent boot) to recover the suspended " "data written to the swap partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #: using-d-i.xml:2120 #, no-c-format msgid "Erase data: yes" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2122 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Determines whether the content of this partition should be overwritten with " "random data before setting up the encryption. This is recommended because it " "might otherwise be possible for an attacker to discern which parts of the " "partition are in use and which are not. In addition, this will make it " "harder to recover any leftover data from previous " "installations It is believed that the guys from three-letter " "agencies can restore the data even after several rewrites of the " "magnetooptical media, though. ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2143 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you have selected the desired parameters for your encrypted " "partitions, return back to the main partitioning menu. There should now be a " "new menu item called Configure encrypted volumes. After " "you select it, you will be asked to confirm the deletion of data on " "partitions marked to be erased and possibly other actions such as writing a " "new partition table. For large partitions this might take some time." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2153 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next you will be asked to enter a passphrase for partitions configured to " "use one. Good passphrases should be longer than 8 characters, should be a " "mixture of letters, numbers and other characters and should not contain " "common dictionary words or information easily associable with you (such as " "birthdates, hobbies, pet names, names of family members or relatives, etc.)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2162 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you input any passphrases, you should have made sure that your " "keyboard is configured correctly and generates the expected characters. If " "you are unsure, you can switch to the second virtual console and type some " "text at the prompt. This ensures that you won't be surprised later, e.g. by " "trying to input a passphrase using a qwerty keyboard layout when you used an " "azerty layout during the installation. This situation can have several " "causes. Maybe you switched to another keyboard layout during the " "installation, or the selected keyboard layout might not have been set up yet " "when entering the passphrase for the root file system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2175 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you selected to use methods other than a passphrase to create encryption " "keys, they will be generated now. Because the kernel may not have gathered a " "sufficient amount of entropy at this early stage of the installation, the " "process may take a long time. You can help speed up the process by " "generating entropy: e.g. by pressing random keys, or by switching to the " "shell on the second virtual console and generating some network and disk " "traffic (downloading some files, feeding big files into /dev/null, etc.). This will be repeated for each partition to be encrypted." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2191 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After returning to the main partitioning menu, you will see all encrypted " "volumes as additional partitions which can be configured in the same way as " "ordinary partitions. The following example shows a volume encrypted via dm-" "crypt. \n" "Encrypted volume (sda2_crypt) - 115.1 GB Linux " "device-mapper\n" " #1 115.1 GB F ext3\n" " Now is the time to assign mount points to the " "volumes and optionally change the file system types if the defaults do not " "suit you." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2203 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Pay attention to the identifiers in parentheses (sda2_crypt in this case) and the mount points you assigned to each " "encrypted volume. You will need this information later when booting the new " "system. The differences between the ordinary boot process and the boot " "process with encryption involved will be covered later in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2213 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you are satisfied with the partitioning scheme, continue with the " "installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2224 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing the Base System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2225 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although this stage is the least problematic, it consumes a significant " "fraction of the install because it downloads, verifies and unpacks the whole " "base system. If you have a slow computer or network connection, this could " "take some time." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2238 #, no-c-format msgid "" "During installation of the base system, package unpacking and setup messages " "are redirected to tty4. You can access this terminal " "by pressing Left AltF4; get back to the main installer process with " "Left AltF1." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2247 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The unpack/setup messages generated during this phase are also saved in " "/var/log/syslog. You can check them there if the " "installation is performed over a serial console." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2253 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As part of the installation, a &arch-kernel; kernel will be installed. At " "the default priority, the installer will choose one for you that best " "matches your hardware. In lower priority modes, you will be able to choose " "from a list of available kernels." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2260 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When packages are installed using the package management system, it will by " "default also install packages that are recommended by those packages. " "Recommended packages are not strictly required for the core functionality of " "the selected software, but they do enhance that software and should, in the " "view of the package maintainers, normally be installed together with that " "software." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2270 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For technical reasons packages installed during the installation of the base " "system are installed without their Recommends. The rule " "described above only takes effect after this point in the installation " "process." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2282 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing Additional Software" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2283 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this point you have a usable but limited system. Most users will want to " "install additional software on the system to tune it to their needs, and the " "installer allows you do so. This step can take even longer than installing " "the base system if you have a slow computer or network connection." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2298 #, no-c-format msgid "Configuring apt" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2300 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the tools used to install packages on a &debian-gnu; system is the " "program apt, from the apt " "package Note that the program which actually installs the " "packages is called dpkg. However, this program is more of " "a low-level tool. apt is a higher-level tool, which will " "invoke dpkg as appropriate. It knows how to retrieve " "packages from your installation media, the network, or wherever. It is also " "able to automatically install other packages which are required to make the " "package you're trying to install work correctly. . Other " "front-ends for package management, like aptitude and " "synaptic, are also in use. These front-ends are " "recommended for new users, since they integrate some additional features " "(package searching and status checks) in a nice user interface." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2323 #, no-c-format msgid "" "apt must be configured so that it knows from where to " "retrieve packages. The results of this configuration are written to the file " "/etc/apt/sources.list. You can examine and edit this " "file to your liking after the installation is complete." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2330 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing at default priority, the installer will largely take " "care of the configuration automatically, based on the installation method " "you are using and possibly using choices made earlier in the installation. " "In most cases the installer will automatically add a security mirror and, if " "you are installing the stable distribution, a mirror for the stable-" "updates service." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2339 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing at a lower priority (e.g. in expert mode), you will be " "able to make more decisions yourself. You can choose whether or not to use " "the security and/or stable-updates services, and you can choose to add " "packages from the contrib and non-free " "sections of the archive." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2350 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing from more than one CD or DVD image" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2352 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing from a CD or DVD image that is part of a larger set, " "the installer will ask if you want to scan additional installation media. If " "you have such additional media available, you probably want to do this so " "the installer can use the packages included on them." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2359 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do not have any additional media, that is no problem: using them is " "not required. If you also do not use a network mirror (as explained in the " "next section), it can mean that not all packages belonging to the tasks you " "select in the next step of the installation can be installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2367 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Packages are included on CD and DVD images in the order of their popularity. " "This means that for most uses only the first image of a set is needed and " "that only very few people actually use any of the packages included on the " "last images of a set." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2374 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It also means that buying or downloading and burning a full CD set is just a " "waste of money as you'll never use most of them. In most cases you are " "better off getting only the first 3 to 8 CDs and installing any additional " "packages you may need from the Internet by using a mirror. The same goes for " "DVD sets: the first DVD, or maybe the first two DVDs will cover most needs." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2384 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do scan multiple installation media, the installer will prompt you to " "exchange them when it needs packages from one that isn't currently in the " "drive. Note that only discs that belong to the same set should be scanned. " "The order in which they are scanned does not really matter, but scanning " "them in ascending order will reduce the chance of mistakes." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2397 #, no-c-format msgid "Using a network mirror" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2399 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One question that will be asked during most installs is whether or not to " "use a network mirror as a source for packages. In most cases the default " "answer should be fine, but there are some exceptions." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2405 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are not installing from a full CD/DVD image, you " "really should use a network mirror as otherwise you will end up with only a " "very minimal system. However, if you have a limited Internet connection it " "is best not to select the desktop " "task in the next step of the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2414 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing from a single full CD image, using a network mirror is " "not required, but is still strongly recommended because a single CD image " "contains only a fairly limited number of packages. If you have a limited " "Internet connection it may still be best to not select " "a network mirror here, but to finish the installation using only what's " "available on the CD image and selectively install additional packages after " "the installation (i.e. after you have rebooted into the new system)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2425 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing from DVD, any packages needed during the installation " "should be present on the first DVD image. Use of a network mirror is " "optional." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2431 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One advantage of adding a network mirror is that updates, that have occurred " "since the CD/DVD images were created and have been included in a point " "release, will become available for installation, thus extending the life of " "your CD/DVD set without compromising the security or stability of the " "installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2438 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In summary: selecting a network mirror is generally a good idea, except if " "you do not have a good Internet connection. If the current version of a " "package is available from installation media, the installer will always use " "that. The amount of data that will be downloaded if you do select a mirror " "thus depends on" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2447 #, no-c-format msgid "the tasks you select in the next step of the installation," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2452 #, no-c-format msgid "which packages are needed for those tasks," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2457 #, no-c-format msgid "" "which of those packages are present on the installation media you have " "scanned, and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2462 #, no-c-format msgid "" "whether any updated versions of packages included on the installation media " "are available from a mirror (either a regular package mirror, or a mirror " "for security or stable-updates)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2471 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the last point means that, even if you choose not to use a network " "mirror, some packages may still be downloaded from the Internet if there is " "a security or stable-updates update available for them and those services " "have been configured." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2482 #, no-c-format msgid "Choosing a network mirror" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2483 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Unless you chose not to use a network mirror, you will be presented with a " "list of network mirrors based upon your country selection earlier in the " "installation process. Choosing the offered default is usually fine." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2490 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The offered default is deb.debian.org, which is not a mirror itself but will " "redirect to a mirror that should be up-to-date and fast. These mirrors " "support TLS (https protocol) and IPv6. This service is maintained by the " "Debian System Administration (DSA) team." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2497 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A mirror can also be specified by hand by choosing enter information " "manually . You can then specify a mirror host name and an optional " "port number. This actually has to be a URL base, i.e. when specifying an " "IPv6 address, one has to add square brackets around it, for instance " "[2001:db8::1]." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2505 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If your computer is on an IPv6-only network (which is probably not the case " "for the vast majority of users), using the default mirror for your country " "might not work. All the mirrors in the list are reachable via IPv4, but only " "some of them can be used via IPv6. As connectivity of individual mirrors can " "change over time, this information is not available in the installer. If " "there is no IPv6 connectivity for the default mirror for your country, you " "can either try some of the other mirrors offered to you or choose the " "enter information manually option. You can then specify " "ftp.ipv6.debian.org as the mirror name, which is an alias for " "a mirror available via IPv6, although it will probably not be the fastest " "possible one." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2528 #, no-c-format msgid "Selecting and Installing Software" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2530 #, no-c-format msgid "" "During the installation process, you are given the opportunity to select " "additional software to install. Rather than picking individual software " "packages from the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; available packages, this stage of " "the installation process focuses on selecting and installing predefined " "collections of software to quickly set up your computer to perform various " "tasks." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2539 #, no-c-format msgid "" "These tasks loosely represent a number of different jobs or things you want " "to do with your computer, such as Desktop environment, " "Web server, or SSH server You " "should know that to present this list, the installer is merely invoking the " "tasksel program. It can be run at any time after " "installation to install more packages (or remove them), or you can use a " "more fine-grained tool such as aptitude. If you are " "looking for a specific single package, after installation is complete, " "simply run aptitude install package, where package is the name of the " "package you are looking for. . lists the space requirements for the available tasks." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2565 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some tasks may be pre-selected based on the characteristics of the computer " "you are installing. If you disagree with these selections you can deselect " "them. You can even opt to install no tasks at all at this point." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2572 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In the standard user interface of the installer, you can use the space bar " "to toggle selection of a task." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2578 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Desktop environment task will install a graphical desktop " "environment." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2583 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By default, &d-i; installs the Gnome Xfce desktop environment. It is possible to " "interactively select a different desktop environment during the " "installation. It is also possible to install multiple desktops, but some " "combinations of desktop may not be co-installable." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2591 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that this will only work if the packages needed for the desired desktop " "environment are actually available. If you are installing using a single " "full CD image, they will possibly need to be downloaded from a network " "mirror as they might not be available on the CD image due to its limited " "amount of space. Installing any of the available desktop environments this " "way should work fine if you are using a DVD image or any other installation " "method." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2601 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The various server tasks will install software roughly as follows. Web " "server: apache2; SSH server: openssh." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2607 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Standard system task will install any package that has a " "priority standard. This includes a lot of common utilities " "that are normally available on any Linux or Unix system. You should leave " "this task selected unless you know what you are doing and want a really " "minimal system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2615 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If during language selection a default locale other than the C locale was selected, tasksel will check if any " "localization tasks are defined for that locale and will automatically try to " "install relevant localization packages. This includes for example packages " "containing word lists or special fonts for your language. If a desktop " "environment was selected, it will also install appropriate localization " "packages for that (if available)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2625 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you've selected your tasks, select &BTN-CONT;. At this point, " "apt will install the packages that are part of the " "selected tasks. If a particular program needs more information from the " "user, it will prompt you during this process." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2632 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You should be aware that especially the Desktop task is very large. " "Especially when installing from a normal CD-ROM in combination with a mirror " "for packages not on the CD-ROM, the installer may want to retrieve a lot of " "packages over the network. If you have a relatively slow Internet " "connection, this can take a long time. There is no option to cancel the " "installation of packages once it has started." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2641 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Even when packages are included on the CD-ROM, the installer may still " "retrieve them from the mirror if the version available on the mirror is more " "recent than the one included on the CD-ROM. If you are installing the stable " "distribution, this can happen after a point release (an update of the " "original stable release); if you are installing the testing distribution " "this will happen if you are using an older image." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2656 #, no-c-format msgid "Making Your System Bootable" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2658 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are installing a diskless workstation, obviously, booting off the " "local disk isn't a meaningful option, and this step will be skipped. You may wish to set OpenBoot to boot from the network by " "default; see ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2673 #, no-c-format msgid "Detecting other operating systems" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2675 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before a boot loader is installed, the installer will attempt to probe for " "other operating systems which are installed on the machine. If it finds a " "supported operating system, you will be informed of this during the boot " "loader installation step, and the computer will be configured to boot this " "other operating system in addition to &debian;." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2683 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that multiple operating systems booting on a single machine is still " "something of a black art. The automatic support for detecting and setting up " "boot loaders to boot other operating systems varies by architecture and even " "by subarchitecture. If it does not work you should consult your boot " "manager's documentation for more information." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2701 #, no-c-format msgid "palo-installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2702 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The bootloader on PA-RISC is palo. PALO is " "similar in configuration and usage to LILO, with a few " "exceptions. First of all, PALO allows you to boot any " "kernel image on your boot partition. This is because PALO " "can actually read Linux partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2711 #, no-c-format msgid "hppa FIXME ( need more info )" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2723 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the Grub Boot Loader on the drive" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2725 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The &architecture; boot loader is called grub. Grub is a " "flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and " "old hands alike." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2731 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By default, grub will be installed on the UEFI partition/the Boot Record of " "the primary drive, where it will take over complete control of the boot " "process. If you prefer, you can install it elsewhere. See the grub manual " "for complete information." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2738 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do not want to install grub, use the &BTN-GOBACK; button to get to " "the main menu, and from there select whatever bootloader you would like to " "use." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2751 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the ELILO Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2753 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The &architecture; boot loader is called elilo. It is modeled " "on the lilo boot loader for the x86 architecture and uses a " "similar configuration file. However, instead of writing an MBR or partition " "boot record to the disk, it copies the necessary files to a separate FAT " "formatted disk partition and modifies the EFI Boot Manager menu in the firmware to point to the files in the EFI " "partition. The elilo boot loader is really in two parts. " "The /usr/sbin/elilo command manages the partition and " "copies files into it. The elilo.efi program is copied " "into the EFI partition and then run by the EFI Boot Manager " "to do the actual work of loading and starting the Linux kernel." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2769 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The elilo configuration and installation is done as the last " "step of installing the packages of the base installation. &d-i; will present " "you with a list of potential disk partitions that it has found suitable for " "an EFI partition. Select the partition you set up earlier in the " "installation, typically a partition on the same disk that contains your " "root filesystem." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2781 #, no-c-format msgid "Choose the correct partition!" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2783 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The criterion for selecting a partition is that it must be a FAT format " "filesystem with its boot flag set. &d-i; may show " "multiple choices depending on what it finds from scanning all of the disks " "of the system including EFI partitions of other system disks and EFI " "diagnostic partitions. Remember, elilo may format the " "partition during the installation, erasing any previous contents!" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2798 #, no-c-format msgid "EFI Partition Contents" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2800 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The EFI partition is a FAT filesystem format partition on one of the hard " "disks of the system, usually the same disk that contains the root filesystem. It is normally not mounted on a running system as it " "is only needed by the EFI Boot Manager to load the system and " "the installer part of the elilo writes to the filesystem " "directly. The /usr/sbin/elilo utility writes the " "following files into the efi/debian directory of the " "EFI partition during the installation. Note that the EFI Boot " "Manager would find these files using the path " "fsn:\\efi\\debian. There may " "be other files in this filesystem as well over time as the system is updated " "or re-configured." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: using-d-i.xml:2822 #, no-c-format msgid "elilo.conf" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2823 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the configuration file read by the boot loader when it starts. It is " "a copy of the /etc/elilo.conf with the filenames re-" "written to refer to files in the EFI partition." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: using-d-i.xml:2832 #, no-c-format msgid "elilo.efi" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2833 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the boot loader program that the EFI Boot Manager " "runs to boot the system. It is the program behind the &debian; " "GNU/Linux menu item of the EFI Boot Manager " "command menu." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: using-d-i.xml:2843 #, no-c-format msgid "initrd.img" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2844 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the initial root filesystem used to boot the kernel. It is a copy of " "the file referenced in the /etc/elilo.conf. In a " "standard &debian; installation it would be the file in /boot pointed to by the symbolic link /initrd.img." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: using-d-i.xml:2856 #, no-c-format msgid "readme.txt" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2857 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is a small text file warning you that the contents of the directory are " "managed by the elilo and that any local changes would be " "lost at the next time /usr/sbin/elilo is run." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: using-d-i.xml:2867 #, no-c-format msgid "vmlinuz" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2868 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the compressed kernel itself. It is a copy of the file referenced in " "the /etc/elilo.conf. In a standard &debian; " "installation it would be the file in /boot pointed to " "by the symbolic link /vmlinuz." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2892 #, no-c-format msgid "Install Yaboot on a Hard Disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2893 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Newer (mid 1998 and on) PowerMacs use yaboot as their " "boot loader. The installer will set up yaboot " "automatically, so all you need is a small 820k partition named " "bootstrap with type Apple_Bootstrap " "created back in the partitioning component. If this step completes " "successfully then your disk should now be bootable and OpenFirmware will be " "set to boot &debian-gnu;." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2911 #, no-c-format msgid "Install Quik on a Hard Disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2912 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The boot loader for OldWorld Power Macintosh machines is quik. You can also use it on CHRP. The installer will attempt to set up " "quik automatically. The setup has been known to work on " "7200, 7300, and 7600 Powermacs, and on some Power Computing clones." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2928 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the Grub Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2930 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The main &architecture; boot loader is called grub. Grub is a " "flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and " "old hands alike." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2936 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By default, Grub will be installed into the PReP partition, where it will " "over complete control of the boot process." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2949 #, no-c-format msgid "zipl-installer" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2950 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The boot loader on &arch-title; is zipl. ZIPL is similar in configuration and usage to LILO, " "with a few exceptions. Please take a look at LINUX for &arch-title; " "Device Drivers and Installation Commands from IBM's developerWorks " "web site if you want to know more about ZIPL." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2967 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the SILO Boot Loader on a Hard Disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2969 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The standard &architecture; boot loader is called silo. It is " "documented in /usr/share/doc/silo/. SILO is similar in configuration and usage to LILO, " "with a few exceptions. First of all, SILO allows you to " "boot any kernel image on your drive, even if it is not listed in /" "etc/silo.conf. This is because SILO can " "actually read Linux partitions. Also, /etc/silo.conf is " "read at boot time, so there is no need to rerun silo " "after installing a new kernel like you would with LILO. " "SILO can also read UFS partitions, which means it can " "boot SunOS/Solaris partitions as well. This is useful if you want to install " "GNU/Linux alongside an existing SunOS/Solaris install." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:2994 #, no-c-format msgid "Making the system bootable with flash-kernel" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:2995 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As there is no common firmware interface on all ARM platforms, the steps " "required to make the system bootable on ARM devices are highly device-" "dependent. &debian; uses a tool called flash-kernel to " "take care of this. Flash-kernel contains a database which describes the " "particular operations that are required to make the system bootable on " "various devices. It detects whether the current device is supported, and if " "yes, performs the necessary operations." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3006 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On devices which boot from internal NOR- or NAND-flash memory, flash-kernel " "writes the kernel and the initial ramdisk to this internal memory. This " "method is particularly common on older armel devices. Please note that most " "of these devices do not allow having multiple kernels and ramdisks in their " "internal flash memory, i.e. running flash-kernel on them usually overwrites " "the previous contents of the flash memory!" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3016 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For ARM systems that use U-Boot as their system firmware and boot the kernel " "and the initial ramdisk from external storage media (such as MMC/SD-cards, " "USB mass storage devices or IDE/SATA harddisks), flash-kernel generates an " "appropriate boot script to allow autobooting without user interaction." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3032 #, no-c-format msgid "Continue Without Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3034 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This option can be used to complete the installation even when no boot " "loader is to be installed, either because the arch/subarch doesn't provide " "one, or because none is desired (e.g. you will use existing boot loader)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3041 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you plan to manually configure your bootloader, you should check the name " "of the installed kernel in /target/boot. You should " "also check that directory for the presence of an initrd; if one is present, you will probably have to instruct your " "bootloader to use it. Other information you will need are the disk and " "partition you selected for your / filesystem and, if " "you chose to install /boot on a separate partition, " "also your /boot filesystem." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3058 #, no-c-format msgid "Finishing the Installation" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3059 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is the last step in the &debian; installation process during which the " "installer will do any last minute tasks. It mostly consists of tidying up " "after the &d-i;." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3072 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting the System Clock" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3074 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The installer may ask you if the computer's clock is set to UTC. Normally " "this question is avoided if possible and the installer tries to work out " "whether the clock is set to UTC based on things like what other operating " "systems are installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3081 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In expert mode you will always be able to choose whether or not the clock is " "set to UTC. Macintosh hardware clocks are normally " "set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of " "UTC. Systems that (also) run Dos or " "Windows are normally set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select " "local time instead of UTC." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3092 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this point &d-i; will also attempt to save the current time to the " "system's hardware clock. This will be done either in UTC or local time, " "depending on the selection that was just made." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3107 #, no-c-format msgid "Reboot the System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3109 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will be prompted to remove the boot media (CD, USB stick, etc) that you " "used to boot the installer. After that the system will be rebooted into your " "new &debian; system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3115 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After a final prompt the system will be halted because rebooting is not " "supported on &arch-title;. You then need to IPL &debian-gnu; from the DASD " "which you selected for the root filesystem during the first steps of the " "installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3128 #, no-c-format msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3129 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The components listed in this section are usually not involved in the " "installation process, but are waiting in the background to help the user in " "case something goes wrong." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3142 #, no-c-format msgid "Saving the installation logs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3144 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the installation is successful, the logfiles created during the " "installation process will be automatically saved to /var/log/" "installer/ on your new &debian; system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3151 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Choosing Save debug logs from the main menu " "allows you to save the log files to a USB stick, network, hard disk, or " "other media. This can be useful if you encounter fatal problems during the " "installation and wish to study the logs on another system or attach them to " "an installation report." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3171 #, no-c-format msgid "Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3173 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are several methods you can use to get a shell while running an " "installation. On most systems, and if you are not installing over serial " "console, the easiest method is to switch to the second virtual " "console by pressing Left Alt " "F2 That is: press the " "Alt key on the left-hand side of the space bar and the F2 function key at the same time. (on a Mac keyboard, Option F2). Use Left Alt F1 to switch back to the installer itself." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3191 #, no-c-format msgid "For the graphical installer see also ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3195 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you cannot switch consoles, there is also an Execute a " "Shell item on the main menu that can be used to start a shell. " "You can get to the main menu from most dialogs by using the &BTN-GOBACK; " "button one or more times. Type exit to close the " "shell and return to the installer." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3203 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this point you are booted from the RAM disk, and there is a limited set " "of Unix utilities available for your use. You can see what programs are " "available with the command ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin and by typing help. The shell is a Bourne shell " "clone called ash and has some nice features like " "autocompletion and history." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3212 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To edit and view files, use the text editor nano. Log " "files for the installation system can be found in the /var/log directory." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3219 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although you can do basically anything in a shell that the available " "commands allow you to do, the option to use a shell is really only there in " "case something goes wrong and for debugging." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3225 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Doing things manually from the shell may interfere with the installation " "process and result in errors or an incomplete installation. In particular, " "you should always use let the installer activate your swap partition and not " "do this yourself from a shell." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3241 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation over network-console" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3243 #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the more interesting components is network-console. It allows you to do a large part of the installation over the " "network via SSH. The use of the network implies you will have to perform the " "first steps of the installation from the console, at least to the point of " "setting up the networking. (Although you can automate that part with .)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3253 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This component is not loaded into the main installation menu by default, so " "you have to explicitly ask for it. If you are installing from optical media, " "you need to boot with medium priority or otherwise invoke the main " "installation menu and choose Load installer components from " "installation media and from the list of additional components " "select network-console: Continue installation remotely using " "SSH. Successful load is indicated by a new menu entry called " "Continue installation remotely using SSH." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3266 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For installations on &arch-title;, this is the default method after setting " "up the network." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3271 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After selecting this new entry, you " "You will be asked for a new password to be " "used for connecting to the installation system and for its confirmation. " "That's all. Now you should see a screen which instructs you to login " "remotely as the user installer with the password you " "just provided. Another important detail to notice on this screen is the " "fingerprint of this system. You need to transfer the fingerprint securely to " "the person who will continue the installation remotely." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3283 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Should you decide to continue with the installation locally, you can always " "press &enterkey;, which will bring you back to the main menu, where you can " "select another component." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3289 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now let's switch to the other side of the wire. As a prerequisite, you need " "to configure your terminal for UTF-8 encoding, because that is what the " "installation system uses. If you do not, remote installation will be still " "possible, but you may encounter strange display artefacts like destroyed " "dialog borders or unreadable non-ascii characters. Establishing a connection " "with the installation system is as simple as typing: " "\n" "$ ssh -l installer install_host\n" " Where install_host is " "either the name or IP address of the computer being installed. Before the " "actual login the fingerprint of the remote system will be displayed and you " "will have to confirm that it is correct." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3306 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The ssh server in the installer uses a default " "configuration that does not send keep-alive packets. In principle, a " "connection to the system being installed should be kept open indefinitely. " "However, in some situations — depending on your local network setup " "— the connection may be lost after some period of inactivity. One " "common case where this can happen is when there is some form of Network " "Address Translation (NAT) somewhere between the client and the system being " "installed. Depending on at which point of the installation the connection " "was lost, you may or may not be able to resume the installation after " "reconnecting." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3319 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You may be able to avoid the connection being dropped by adding the option " "-o ServerAliveInterval=value when starting the ssh connection, or by adding " "that option in your ssh configuration file. Note however " "that in some cases adding this option may also cause a " "connection to be dropped (for example if keep-alive packets are sent during " "a brief network outage, from which ssh would otherwise " "have recovered), so it should only be used when needed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3332 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you install several computers in turn and they happen to have the same IP " "address or hostname, ssh will refuse to connect to such " "host. The reason is that it will have different fingerprint, which is " "usually a sign of a spoofing attack. If you are sure this is not the case, " "you will need to delete the relevant line from ~/.ssh/known_hosts The following command will remove an existing " "entry for a host: ssh-keygen -R <hostname|IP address>. and try again." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3348 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After the login you will be presented with an initial screen where you have " "two possibilities called Start menu and " "Start shell. The former brings you to the main " "installer menu, where you can continue with the installation as usual. The " "latter starts a shell from which you can examine and possibly fix the remote " "system. You should only start one SSH session for the installation menu, but " "may start multiple sessions for shells." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3358 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After you have started the installation remotely over SSH, you should not go " "back to the installation session running on the local console. Doing so may " "corrupt the database that holds the configuration of the new system. This in " "turn may result in a failed installation or problems with the installed " "system." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3377 #, no-c-format msgid "Loading Missing Firmware" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3378 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As described in , some devices require " "firmware to be loaded. In most cases the device will not work at all if the " "firmware is not available; sometimes basic functionality is not impaired if " "it is missing and the firmware is only needed to enable additional features." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3386 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If a device driver requests firmware that is not available, &d-i; will " "display a dialog offering to load the missing firmware. If this option is " "selected, &d-i; will scan available devices for either loose firmware files " "or packages containing firmware. If found, the firmware will be copied to " "the correct location (/lib/firmware) and the driver " "module will be reloaded." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3396 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Which devices are scanned and which file systems are supported depends on " "the architecture, the installation method and the stage of the installation. " "Especially during the early stages of the installation, loading the firmware " "is most likely to succeed from a FAT-formatted USB stick. On i386 and amd64 firmware can also be loaded from an MMC or SD card." "" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3406 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that it is possible to skip loading the firmware if you know the device " "will also function without it, or if the device is not needed during the " "installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3412 #, no-c-format msgid "" "&d-i; only prompts for firmware needed by kernel modules loaded during the " "installation. Not all drivers are included in &d-i;, in particular radeon is " "not, so this implies that the capabilities of some devices may be no " "different at the end of the installation from what they were at the " "beginning. Consequently, some of your hardware may not be being used to its " "full potential. If you suspect this is the case, or are just curious, it is " "not a bad idea to check the output of the dmesg command " "on the newly booted system and search for firmware." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3426 #, no-c-format msgid "Preparing a medium" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3427 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Official installation images do not include non-free firmware. The most " "common method to load such firmware is from some removable medium such as a " "USB stick. Alternatively, unofficial installation images containing non-free " "firmware can be found at . To " "prepare a USB stick (or other medium like a hard drive partition), the " "firmware files or packages must be placed in either the root directory or a " "directory named /firmware of the file system on the " "medium. The recommended file system to use is FAT as that is most certain to " "be supported during the early stages of the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3440 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Tarballs and zip files containing current packages for the most common " "firmware are available from: Just " "download the tarball or zip file for the correct release and unpack it to " "the file system on the medium." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3454 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the firmware you need is not included in the tarball, you can also " "download specific firmware packages from the (non-free section of the) " "archive. The following overview should list most available firmware packages " "but is not guaranteed to be complete and may also contain non-firmware " "packages:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3468 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is also possible to copy individual firmware files to the medium. Loose " "firmware could be obtained for example from an already installed system or " "from a hardware vendor." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3477 #, no-c-format msgid "Firmware and the Installed System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3478 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Any firmware loaded during the installation will be copied automatically to " "the installed system. In most cases this will ensure that the device that " "requires the firmware will also work correctly after the system is rebooted " "into the installed system. However, if the installed system runs a different " "kernel version from the installer there is a slight chance that the firmware " "cannot be loaded due to version skew." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3487 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the firmware was loaded from a firmware package, &d-i; will also install " "this package for the installed system and will automatically add the non-" "free section of the package archive in APT's sources.list. This has the advantage that the firmware should be updated " "automatically if a new version becomes available." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3495 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If loading the firmware was skipped during the installation, the relevant " "device will probably not work with the installed system until the firmware " "(package) is installed manually." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3502 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the firmware was loaded from loose firmware files, the firmware copied to " "the installed system will not be automatically updated " "unless the corresponding firmware package (if available) is installed after " "the installation is completed." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3512 #, no-c-format msgid "Completing the Installed System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3513 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on how the installation was performed, it might be that the need " "for some firmware was not detected during installation, that the relevant " "firmware was not available, or that one chose not to install some firmware " "at that time. In some cases, a successful installation can still end up in a " "black screen or a garbled display when rebooting into the installed system. " "When that happens, the following workarounds can be tried:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3527 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Pass the nomodeset option on the kernel command line. This " "might help boot into a fallback graphics mode." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3531 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Use the CtrlAltF2 key combination to switch to VT2, which might offer a " "functional login prompt." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3537 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once logged in into the installed system, it is possible to automate the " "detection of missing firmware, and to perform the required steps to enable " "them following this procedure:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3544 #, no-c-format msgid "Install the isenkram-cli package." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3547 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Run the isenkram-autoinstall-firmware command as the " "root user." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3550 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Usually, rebooting is the simplest way to make sure all kernel modules are " "properly initialized; that's particularly important when one has booted the " "system with the nomodeset option as an interim measure." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3557 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installing firmware packages is very likely to require enabling the non-free " "section of the package archive. As of &debian-gnu; 11.0, running the " "isenkram-autoinstall-firmware command will do that " "automatically by creating a dedicated file (/etc/apt/sources.list." "d/isenkram-autoinstall-firmware.list), pointing at a generic " "mirror." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3576 #, no-c-format msgid "Customization" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3577 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Using the shell (see ), the installation process " "can be carefully customized, to fit exceptional use cases:" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: using-d-i.xml:3582 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing an alternative init system" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: using-d-i.xml:3583 #, no-c-format msgid "" "&debian; uses systemd as its default init system. However, other init " "systems (such as sysvinit and OpenRC) are supported, and the easiest time to " "select an alternative init system is during the installation process. For " "detailed instructions on how to do so, please see the Init " "page on the Debian wiki." msgstr ""