# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: preseed_uk\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-04-09 23:04+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-09-27 15:02+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Serhii Horichenko \n" "Language-Team: Ukranian\n" "Language: uk\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 5.1-dev\n" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:16 #, no-c-format msgid "Automating the installation using preseeding" msgstr "Автоматичне встановлення з готовими відповідями" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:18 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This appendix explains how to preseed answers to questions in &d-i; to " "automate your installation." msgstr "" "Цей додаток пояснює як автоматизують встановлення &d-i; обрані наперед " "відповіді на запитання." #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:23 preseed.xml:725 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an " "example preconfiguration file from &urlset-example-preseed;." msgstr "" "Фрагменти конфігурації, використані у цьому додатку, також доступні як " "приклад файлу попередньої конфігурації з &urlset-example-preseed;." #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:31 #, no-c-format msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Вступ" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:32 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions asked during the " "installation process, without having to manually enter the answers while the " "installation is running. This makes it possible to fully automate most types " "of installation and even offers some features not available during normal " "installations." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:40 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Preseeding is not required. If you use an empty preseed file, the installer " "will behave just the same way as in a normal manual installation. Each " "question you preseed will (if you got it right!) modify the installation in " "some way from that baseline." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:50 #, no-c-format msgid "Preseeding methods" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:51 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are three methods that can be used for preseeding: initrd, file and network. " "Initrd preseeding will work with any installation method and supports " "preseeding of more things, but it requires the most preparation. File and " "network preseeding each can be used with different installation methods." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:60 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following table shows which preseeding methods can be used with which " "installation methods." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation method" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "initrd" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:70 preseed.xml:527 #, no-c-format msgid "file" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:70 #, no-c-format msgid "network" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:76 #, no-c-format msgid "CD/DVD/USB" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:77 preseed.xml:78 preseed.xml:79 preseed.xml:89 preseed.xml:91 #: preseed.xml:94 preseed.xml:95 preseed.xml:99 preseed.xml:101 #, no-c-format msgid "yes" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:81 #, no-c-format msgid "" "but only if you have network access, and set preseed/url " "appropriately" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:88 #, no-c-format msgid "netboot" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:90 preseed.xml:100 #, no-c-format msgid "no" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:93 #, no-c-format msgid "" "hd-media (including usb-stick)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:96 #, no-c-format msgid "yes" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:98 #, no-c-format msgid "generic" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:107 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An important difference between the preseeding methods is the point at which " "the preconfiguration file is loaded and processed. For initrd preseeding " "this is right at the start of the installation, before the first question is " "even asked. Preseeding from the kernel command line happens just after. It " "is thus possible to override configuration set in the initrd by editing the " "kernel command line (either in the bootloader configuration or manually at " "boot time for bootloaders that allow it). For file preseeding this is after " "the installation image has been loaded. For network preseeding it is only " "after the network has been configured." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:119 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Obviously, any questions that have been processed before the " "preconfiguration file is loaded cannot be preseeded (this will include " "questions that are only displayed at medium or low priority, like the first " "hardware detection run). A not so convenient way to avoid these questions " "from being asked is to preseed them through the boot parameters, as " "described in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:128 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In order to easily avoid the questions that would normally appear before the " "preseeding occurs, you can start the installer in auto mode. " "This delays questions that would normally be asked too early for preseeding " "(i.e. language, country and keyboard selection) until after the network " "comes up, thus allowing them to be preseeded. It also runs the installation " "at critical priority, which avoids many unimportant questions. See for details." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:142 #, no-c-format msgid "Limitations" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:143 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although most questions used by &d-i; can be preseeded using this method, " "there are some notable exceptions. You must (re)partition an entire disk or " "use available free space on a disk; it is not possible to use existing " "partitions." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:217 #, no-c-format msgid "Using preseeding" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:218 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You will first need to create a preconfiguration file and place it in the " "location from where you want to use it. Creating the preconfiguration file " "is covered later in this appendix. Putting it in the correct location is " "fairly straightforward for network preseeding or if you want to read the " "file off a usb-stick. If you want to include the file in an installation ISO " "image, you will have to remaster the image. How to get the preconfiguration " "file included in the initrd is outside the scope of this document; please " "consult the developers' documentation for &d-i;." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:229 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An example preconfiguration file that you can use as basis for your own " "preconfiguration file is available from &urlset-example-preseed;. This file " "is based on the configuration fragments included in this appendix." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:238 #, no-c-format msgid "Loading the preconfiguration file" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:239 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are using initrd preseeding, you only have to make sure a file named " "preseed.cfg is included in the root directory of the " "initrd. The installer will automatically check if this file is present and " "load it." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:246 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For the other preseeding methods you need to tell the installer what file to " "use when you boot it. This is normally done by passing the kernel a boot " "parameter, either manually at boot time or by editing the bootloader " "configuration file (e.g. syslinux.cfg) and adding the parameter to the end of the append line(s) for the " "kernel.(e.g. grub.cfg) and adding the parameter as a new set line for " "the kernel.(e.g. grub.cfg) and adding the parameter to the end of the gnumach.gz line." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:259 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you do specify the preconfiguration file in the bootloader configuration, " "you might change the configuration so you don't need to hit enter to boot " "the installer. For syslinux this means setting " "the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg.For grub this means setting the " "timeout to 0 in grub.cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:268 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To make sure the installer gets the right preconfiguration file, you can " "optionally specify a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a " "md5sum, and if specified it must match the preconfiguration file or the " "installer will refuse to use it." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:277 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot parameters to specify:\n" "- if you're netbooting:\n" " preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed.cfg\n" " preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n" "- or\n" " preseed/url=tftp://host/path/to/preseed.cfg\n" " preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n" "\n" "- if you're booting a remastered installation image:\n" " preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg\n" " preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n" "\n" "- if you're installing from USB media (put the preconfiguration file in the\n" " toplevel directory of the USB stick):\n" " preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg\n" " preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:279 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that preseed/url can be shortened to just " "url, preseed/file to just " "file and preseed/file/checksum to " "just preseed-md5 when they are passed as boot " "parameters." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:290 #, no-c-format msgid "Using boot parameters to preseed questions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:291 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If a preconfiguration file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install " "can still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values on the " "command line when booting the installer." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:297 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot parameters can also be used if you do not really want to use " "preseeding, but just want to provide an answer for a specific question. Some " "examples where this can be useful are documented elsewhere in this manual." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:303 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To set a value to be used inside &d-i;, just pass " "path/to/variable=value for any of the preseed variables listed in the " "examples in this appendix. If a value is to be used to configure packages " "for the target system, you will need to prepend the owner The owner of a debconf variable (or template) is " "normally the name of the package that contains the corresponding debconf " "template. For variables used in the installer itself the owner is d-" "i. Templates and variables can have more than one owner which helps " "to determine whether they can be removed from the debconf database if the " "package is purged. of the variable as in " "owner:path/to/variable=value. If you don't " "specify the owner, the value for the variable will not be copied to the " "debconf database in the target system and thus remain unused during the " "configuration of the relevant package." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:326 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Normally, preseeding a question in this way will mean that the question will " "not be asked. To set a specific default value for a question, but still have " "the question asked, use ?= instead of = as " "operator. See also ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:333 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that some variables that are frequently set at the boot prompt have a " "shorter alias. If an alias is available, it is used in the examples in this " "appendix instead of the full variable. The preseed/url " "variable for example has been aliased as url. Another " "example is the tasks alias, which translates to " "tasksel:tasksel/first." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:342 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A --- in the boot options has special meaning. Kernel " "parameters that appear after the last --- may be copied into " "the bootloader configuration for the installed system (if supported by the " "installer for the bootloader). The installer will automatically filter out " "any options (like preconfiguration options) that it recognizes." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:351 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Current linux kernels (2.6.9 and later) accept a maximum of 32 command line " "options and 32 environment options, including any options added by default " "for the installer. If these numbers are exceeded, the kernel will panic " "(crash). (For earlier kernels, these numbers were lower.)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:359 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For most installations some of the default options in your bootloader " "configuration file, like vga=normal, may be safely " "removed which may allow you to add more options for preseeding." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:366 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It may not always be possible to specify values with spaces for boot " "parameters, even if you delimit them with quotes." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:375 #, no-c-format msgid "Auto mode" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:376 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are several features of &debian; Installer that combine to allow " "fairly simple command lines at the boot prompt to result in arbitrarily " "complex customized automatic installs." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:382 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This is enabled by using the Automated install boot " "choice, also called auto for some architectures or boot " "methods. In this section, auto is thus not a parameter, " "it means selecting that boot choice, and appending the following boot " "parameters on the boot prompt. See for information on how to add a boot parameter." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:391 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To illustrate this, here are some examples that can be used at the boot " "prompt: \n" "auto url=autoserver\n" " This relies on there being a DHCP server that " "will get the machine to the point where autoserver can be " "resolved by DNS, perhaps after adding the local domain if that was provided " "by DHCP. If this was done at a site where the domain is example." "com, and they have a reasonably sane DHCP setup, it would result " "in the preseed file being retrieved from http://autoserver.example." "com/d-i/&releasename;/./preseed.cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:405 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The last part of that url (d-i/&releasename;/./preseed.cfg) is taken from auto-install/defaultroot. By " "default this includes the directory &releasename; to " "allow future versions to specify their own codename and let people migrate " "forwards in a controlled manner. The /./ bit is used to " "indicate a root, relative to which subsequent paths can be anchored (for use " "in preseed/include and preseed/run). This allows files to be specified " "either as full URLs, paths starting with / that are thus anchored, or even " "paths relative to the location where the last preseed file was found. This " "can be used to construct more portable scripts where an entire hierarchy of " "scripts can be moved to a new location without breaking it, for example " "copying the files onto a USB stick when they started out on a web server. In " "this example, if the preseed file sets preseed/run to " "/scripts/late_command.sh then the file will be fetched " "from http://autoserver.example.com/d-i/&releasename;/./scripts/" "late_command.sh." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:425 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If there is no local DHCP or DNS infrastructure, or if you do not want to " "use the default path to preseed.cfg, you can still use " "an explicit url, and if you don't use the /./ element it " "will be anchored to the start of the path (i.e. the third / in the URL). Here is an example that requires minimal support from " "the local network infrastructure: \n" "auto url=http://192.168.1.2/path/to/mypreseed.file\n" " The way this works is that:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:438 #, no-c-format msgid "if the URL is missing a protocol, http is assumed," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:441 #, no-c-format msgid "" "if the hostname section contains no periods, it has the domain derived from " "DHCP appended to it, and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:445 #, no-c-format msgid "" "if there's no /'s after the hostname, then the default " "path is added." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:451 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In addition to specifying the url, you can also specify settings that do not " "directly affect the behavior of &d-i; itself, but can be passed through to " "scripts specified using preseed/run in the loaded preseed " "file. At present, the only example of this is auto-install/classes, which has an alias classes. This can be used " "thus: \n" "auto url=example.com classes=class_A;" "class_B\n" " The classes could for example denote the type of " "system to be installed, or the localization to be used." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:465 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is of course possible to extend this concept, and if you do, it is " "reasonable to use the auto-install namespace for this. So one might have " "something like auto-install/style which is then used in " "your scripts. If you feel the need to do this, please mention it on the " "debian-boot@lists.debian.org mailing list so that we can " "avoid namespace conflicts, and perhaps add an alias for the parameter for " "you." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:475 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The auto boot choice is not yet defined on all arches. " "The same effect may be achieved by simply adding the two parameters " "auto=true priority=critical to the kernel command line. " "The auto kernel parameter is an alias for auto-" "install/enable and setting it to true delays " "the locale and keyboard questions until after there has been a chance to " "preseed them, while priority is an alias for " "debconf/priority and setting it to critical stops any questions with a lower priority from being asked." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:489 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Additional options that may be of interest while attempting to automate an " "install while using DHCP are: interface=auto netcfg/" "dhcp_timeout=60 which makes the machine choose the first viable " "NIC and be more patient about getting a reply to its DHCP query." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:498 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An extensive example of how to use this framework, including example scripts " "and classes, can be found on the website of its developer. The examples available there also show " "many other nice effects that can be achieved by creative use of " "preconfiguration." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:509 #, no-c-format msgid "Aliases useful with preseeding" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:510 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following aliases can be useful when using (auto mode) preseeding. Note " "that these are simply short aliases for question names, and you always need " "to specify a value as well: for example, auto=true or " "interface=eth0." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:523 #, no-c-format msgid "priority" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:523 #, no-c-format msgid "debconf/priority" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:524 #, no-c-format msgid "fb" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:524 #, no-c-format msgid "debian-installer/framebuffer" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:525 #, no-c-format msgid "auto" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:525 #, no-c-format msgid "auto-install/enable" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:526 #, no-c-format msgid "classes" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:526 #, no-c-format msgid "auto-install/classes" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:527 #, no-c-format msgid "preseed/file" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:528 #, no-c-format msgid "url" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:528 #, no-c-format msgid "preseed/url" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:529 #, no-c-format msgid "theme" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:529 #, no-c-format msgid "debian-installer/theme" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:530 #, no-c-format msgid "language" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:530 #, no-c-format msgid "debian-installer/language" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:531 #, no-c-format msgid "country" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:531 #, no-c-format msgid "debian-installer/country" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:532 #, no-c-format msgid "locale" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:532 #, no-c-format msgid "debian-installer/locale" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:533 #, no-c-format msgid "keymap" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:533 #, no-c-format msgid "keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:534 #, no-c-format msgid "modules" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:534 #, no-c-format msgid "anna/choose_modules" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:535 #, no-c-format msgid "firmware" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:535 #, no-c-format msgid "hw-detect/firmware-lookup" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:536 #, no-c-format msgid "interface" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:536 #, no-c-format msgid "netcfg/choose_interface" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:537 #, no-c-format msgid "domain" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:537 #, no-c-format msgid "netcfg/get_domain" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:538 #, no-c-format msgid "hostname   " msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:538 #, no-c-format msgid "netcfg/get_hostname" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:539 #, no-c-format msgid "protocol" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:539 #, no-c-format msgid "mirror/protocol" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:540 #, no-c-format msgid "suite" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:540 #, no-c-format msgid "mirror/suite" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:541 #, no-c-format msgid "recommends" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:541 #, no-c-format msgid "base-installer/install-recommends" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:542 #, no-c-format msgid "tasks" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:542 #, no-c-format msgid "tasksel:tasksel/first" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:543 #, no-c-format msgid "desktop" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:543 #, no-c-format msgid "tasksel:tasksel/desktop" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:544 #, no-c-format msgid "preseed-md5" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: preseed.xml:544 #, no-c-format msgid "preseed/file/checksum" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:551 #, no-c-format msgid "Examples of boot prompt preseeding" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:552 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here are some examples of how the boot prompt might look like (you will need " "to adapt this to your needs; also see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:558 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# To set French as language and France as country:\n" "/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz language=fr " "country=FR --- quiet\n" "# To set English as language and Germany as country, and use a German " "keyboard layout:\n" "/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz language=en " "country=DE locale=en_US.UTF-8 keymap=de --- quiet\n" "# To install the MATE desktop:\n" "/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz desktop=mate-" "desktop --- quiet\n" "# To install the web-server task:\n" "/install.amd/vmlinuz initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz tasksel:tasksel/first=web-" "server ---" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:564 #, no-c-format msgid "Using a DHCP server to specify preconfiguration files" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:565 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's also possible to use DHCP to specify a preconfiguration file to " "download from the network. DHCP allows specifying a filename. Normally this " "is a file to netboot, but if it appears to be an URL then installation media " "that support network preseeding will download the file from the URL and use " "it as a preconfiguration file. Here is an example of how to set it up in the " "dhcpd.conf for version 3 of the ISC DHCP server (the isc-dhcp-server " "&debian; package)." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:576 #, no-c-format msgid "" "if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 3) = \"d-i\" {\n" " filename \"http://host/preseed.cfg\";\n" "}" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:578 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the above example limits this filename to DHCP clients that " "identify themselves as d-i, so it will not affect regular " "DHCP clients, but only the installer. You can also put the text in a stanza " "for only one particular host to avoid preseeding all installs on your " "network." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:585 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A good way to use the DHCP preseeding is to only preseed values specific to " "your network, such as the &debian; mirror to use. This way installs on your " "network will automatically get a good mirror selected, but the rest of the " "installation can be performed interactively. Using DHCP preseeding to fully " "automate &debian; installs should only be done with care." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:599 #, no-c-format msgid "Creating a preconfiguration file" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:600 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The preconfiguration file is in the format used by the debconf-set-" "selections command. The general format of a line in a " "preconfiguration file is:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:606 #, no-c-format msgid "<owner> <question name> <question type> <value>" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:608 #, no-c-format msgid "The file should start with #_preseed_V1" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:620 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are a few rules to keep in mind when writing a preconfiguration file." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:627 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Put only a single space or tab between type and value: any additional " "whitespace will be interpreted as belonging to the value." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:631 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A line can be split into multiple lines by appending a backslash " "(\\) as the line continuation character. A " "good place to split a line is after the question name; a bad place is " "between type and value. Split lines will be joined into a single line with " "all leading/trailing whitespace condensed to a single space." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:638 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For debconf variables (templates) used only in the installer itself, the " "owner should be set to d-i; to preseed variables used in the " "installed system, the name of the package that contains the corresponding " "debconf template should be used. Only variables that have their owner set to " "something other than d-i will be propagated to the debconf " "database for the installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:646 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Most questions need to be preseeded using the values valid in English and " "not the translated values. However, there are some questions (for example in " "partman) where the translated values need to be used." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:652 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some questions take a code as value instead of the English text that is " "shown during installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:656 #, no-c-format msgid "Start with #_preseed_V1" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:660 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A comment consists of a line which starts with a hash " "character (#) and extends up to the length " "of that line." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:667 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The easiest way to create a preconfiguration file is to use the example file " "linked in as basis and work from there." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:672 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An alternative method is to do a manual installation and then, after " "rebooting, use the debconf-get-selections from the " "debconf-utils package to dump both the debconf " "database and the installer's cdebconf database to a single file:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:679 #, no-c-format msgid "" "$ echo \"#_preseed_V1\" > file\n" "$ debconf-get-selections --installer >> file\n" "$ debconf-get-selections >> file" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:681 #, no-c-format msgid "" "However, a file generated in this manner will have some items that should " "not be preseeded, and the example file is a better starting place for most " "users." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:689 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This method relies on the fact that, at the end of the installation, the " "installer's cdebconf database is saved to the installed system in /" "var/log/installer/cdebconf. However, because the database may " "contain sensitive information, by default the files are only readable by " "root." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:697 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The directory /var/log/installer and all files in it " "will be deleted from your system if you purge the package " "installation-report." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:705 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To check possible values for questions, you can use nano " "to examine the files in /var/lib/cdebconf while an " "installation is in progress. View templates.dat for the " "raw templates and questions.dat for the current values " "and for the values assigned to variables." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:713 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To check if the format of your preconfiguration file is valid before " "performing an install, you can use the command debconf-set-" "selections -c preseed.cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:724 #, no-c-format msgid "Contents of the preconfiguration file (for &releasename;)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:730 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that this example is based on an installation for the Intel x86 " "architecture. If you are installing a different architecture, some of the " "examples (like keyboard selection and bootloader installation) may not be " "relevant and will need to be replaced by debconf settings appropriate for " "your architecture." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:738 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Details on how the different Debian Installer components actually work can " "be found in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:746 #, no-c-format msgid "Localization" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:747 #, no-c-format msgid "" "During a normal install the questions about localization are asked first, so " "these values can only be preseeded via the initrd or kernel boot parameter " "methods. Auto mode () includes the setting " "of auto-install/enable=true (normally via the " "auto preseed alias). This delays the asking of the " "localisation questions, so that they can be preseeded by any method." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:756 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The locale can be used to specify both language and country and can be any " "combination of a language supported by &d-i; and a recognized country. If " "the combination does not form a valid locale, the installer will " "automatically select a locale that is valid for the selected language. To " "specify the locale as a boot parameter, use " "locale=en_US." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:765 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although this method is very easy to use, it does not allow preseeding of " "all possible combinations of language, country and locale " "Preseeding locale to en_NL would " "for example result in en_US.UTF-8 as default locale for " "the installed system. If e.g. en_GB.UTF-8 is preferred " "instead, the values will need to be preseeded individually. . So alternatively the values can be preseeded individually. " "Language and country can also be specified as boot parameters." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:780 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.\n" "d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US\n" "\n" "# The values can also be preseeded individually for greater flexibility.\n" "#d-i debian-installer/language string en\n" "#d-i debian-installer/country string NL\n" "#d-i debian-installer/locale string en_GB.UTF-8\n" "# Optionally specify additional locales to be generated.\n" "#d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, nl_NL.UTF-8" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:782 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Keyboard configuration consists of selecting a keymap and (for non-latin " "keymaps) a toggle key to switch between the non-latin keymap and the US " "keymap. Only basic keymap variants are available during installation. " "Advanced variants are available only in the installed system, through " "dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:790 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Keyboard selection.\n" "d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us\n" "# d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No toggling" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:792 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To skip keyboard configuration, preseed keymap with " "skip-config. This will result in the kernel keymap " "remaining active." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:804 #, no-c-format msgid "Network configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:805 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Of course, preseeding the network configuration won't work if you're loading " "your preconfiguration file from the network. But it's great when you're " "booting from optical disc or USB stick. If you are loading preconfiguration " "files from the network, you can pass network config parameters by using " "kernel boot parameters." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:813 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you need to pick a particular interface when netbooting before loading a " "preconfiguration file from the network, use a boot parameter such as " "interface=eth1." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:819 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although preseeding the network configuration is normally not possible when " "using network preseeding (using preseed/url), you can use the " "following hack to work around that, for example if you'd like to set a " "static address for the network interface. The hack is to force the network " "configuration to run again after the preconfiguration file has been loaded " "by creating a preseed/run script containing the following " "commands:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:829 #, no-c-format msgid "kill-all-dhcp; netcfg" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:831 #, no-c-format msgid "The following debconf variables are relevant for network configuration." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:837 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Disable network configuration entirely. This is useful for cdrom\n" "# installations on non-networked devices where the network questions,\n" "# warning and long timeouts are a nuisance.\n" "#d-i netcfg/enable boolean false\n" "\n" "# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it\n" "# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.\n" "d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto\n" "\n" "# To pick a particular interface instead:\n" "#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1\n" "\n" "# To set a different link detection timeout (default is 3 seconds).\n" "# Values are interpreted as seconds.\n" "#d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10\n" "\n" "# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for\n" "# it, this might be useful.\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcpv6_timeout string 60\n" "\n" "# Automatic network configuration is the default.\n" "# If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and\n" "# the static network configuration below.\n" "#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true\n" "\n" "# If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and\n" "# without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network\n" "# configuration below.\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually\n" "\n" "# Static network configuration.\n" "#\n" "# IPv4 example\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1\n" "#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true\n" "#\n" "# IPv6 example\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string fc00::2\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string fc00::1\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string fc00::1\n" "#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true\n" "\n" "# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over\n" "# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions\n" "# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.\n" "d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname\n" "d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain\n" "\n" "# If you want to force a hostname, regardless of what either the DHCP\n" "# server returns or what the reverse DNS entry for the IP is, uncomment\n" "# and adjust the following line.\n" "#d-i netcfg/hostname string somehost\n" "\n" "# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.\n" "d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string\n" "# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish\n" "\n" "# If you want to completely disable firmware lookup (i.e. not use firmware\n" "# files or packages that might be available on installation images):\n" "#d-i hw-detect/firmware-lookup string never\n" "\n" "# If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can\n" "# configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or\n" "# change to false to disable asking.\n" "#d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:839 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Please note that netcfg will automatically determine the " "netmask if netcfg/get_netmask is not preseeded. In " "this case, the variable has to be marked as seen for " "automatic installations. Similarly, netcfg will choose an " "appropriate address if netcfg/get_gateway is not set. " "As a special case, you can set netcfg/get_gateway to " "none to specify that no gateway should be used." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:855 #, no-c-format msgid "Network console" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:857 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console\n" "# component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you\n" "# intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.\n" "#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console\n" "#d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url string http://10.0.0.1/openssh-key\n" "#d-i network-console/password password r00tme\n" "#d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:859 #, no-c-format msgid "" "More information related to network-console can be found in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:869 #, no-c-format msgid "Mirror settings" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:870 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Depending on the installation method you use, a mirror may be used to " "download additional components of the installer, to install the base system, " "and to set up the /etc/apt/sources.list for the " "installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:877 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The parameter mirror/suite determines the suite for " "the installed system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:882 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The parameter mirror/udeb/suite determines the suite " "for additional components for the installer. It is only useful to set this " "if components are actually downloaded over the network and should match the " "suite that was used to build the initrd for the installation method used for " "the installation. Normally the installer will automatically use the correct " "value and there should be no need to set this." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:893 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Mirror protocol:\n" "# If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.\n" "# Default value for the mirror protocol: http.\n" "#d-i mirror/protocol string ftp\n" "d-i mirror/country string manual\n" "d-i mirror/http/hostname string &archive-mirror;\n" "d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian\n" "d-i mirror/http/proxy string\n" "\n" "# Suite to install.\n" "#d-i mirror/suite string testing\n" "# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional).\n" "#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:898 #, no-c-format msgid "Account setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:899 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The password for the root account and name and password for a first regular " "user's account can be preseeded. For the passwords you can use either clear " "text values or crypt(3) hashes." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:906 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Be aware that preseeding passwords is not completely secure as everyone with " "access to the preconfiguration file will have the knowledge of these " "passwords. Storing hashed passwords is considered secure unless a weak " "hashing algorithm like DES or MD5 is used which allow for bruteforce " "attacks. Recommended password hashing algorithms are SHA-256 and SHA512." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:916 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to\n" "# use sudo).\n" "#d-i passwd/root-login boolean false\n" "# Alternatively, to skip creation of a normal user account.\n" "#d-i passwd/make-user boolean false\n" "\n" "# Root password, either in clear text\n" "#d-i passwd/root-password password r00tme\n" "#d-i passwd/root-password-again password r00tme\n" "# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.\n" "#d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]\n" "\n" "# To create a normal user account.\n" "#d-i passwd/user-fullname string Debian User\n" "#d-i passwd/username string debian\n" "# Normal user's password, either in clear text\n" "#d-i passwd/user-password password insecure\n" "#d-i passwd/user-password-again password insecure\n" "# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.\n" "#d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]\n" "# Create the first user with the specified UID instead of the default.\n" "#d-i passwd/user-uid string 1010\n" "\n" "# The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To\n" "# override that, use this.\n" "#d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:918 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The passwd/root-password-crypted and " "passwd/user-password-crypted variables can also be " "preseeded with ! as their value. In that case, the " "corresponding account is disabled. This may be convenient for the root " "account, provided of course that an alternative method is set up to allow " "administrative activities or root login (for instance by using SSH key " "authentication or sudo)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:928 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following command (available from the whois " "package) can be used to generate a SHA-512 based crypt(3) hash for a " "password:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:933 #, no-c-format msgid "mkpasswd -m sha-512" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:939 #, no-c-format msgid "Clock and time zone setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:941 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.\n" "d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true\n" "\n" "# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of\n" "# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.\n" "d-i time/zone string US/Eastern\n" "\n" "# Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install\n" "d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true\n" "# NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.\n" "#d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:946 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:947 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Using preseeding to partition the harddisk is limited to what is supported " "by partman-auto. You can choose to partition either " "existing free space on a disk or a whole disk. The layout of the disk can be " "determined by using a predefined recipe, a custom recipe from a recipe file " "or a recipe included in the preconfiguration file." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:955 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Preseeding of advanced partition setups using RAID, LVM and encryption is " "supported, but not with the full flexibility possible when partitioning " "during a non-preseeded install." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:961 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The examples below only provide basic information on the use of recipes. For " "detailed information see the files partman-auto-recipe.txt and partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt included in " "the debian-installer package. Both files are also " "available from the &d-i; source " "repository. Note that the supported functionality may change between " "releases." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:975 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The identification of disks is dependent on the order in which their drivers " "are loaded. If there are multiple disks in the system, make very sure the " "correct one will be selected before using preseeding." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:984 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning example" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:986 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.\n" "# This is only honoured if partman-auto/method (below) is not set.\n" "#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free\n" "\n" "# Alternatively, you may specify a disk to partition. If the system has " "only\n" "# one disk the installer will default to using that, but otherwise the " "device\n" "# name must be given in traditional, non-devfs format (so e.g. /dev/sda\n" "# and not e.g. /dev/discs/disc0/disc).\n" "# For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:\n" "#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda\n" "# In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.\n" "# The presently available methods are:\n" "# - regular: use the usual partition types for your architecture\n" "# - lvm: use LVM to partition the disk\n" "# - crypto: use LVM within an encrypted partition\n" "d-i partman-auto/method string lvm\n" "\n" "# You can define the amount of space that will be used for the LVM volume\n" "# group. It can either be a size with its unit (eg. 20 GB), a percentage of\n" "# free space or the 'max' keyword.\n" "d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max\n" "\n" "# If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned\n" "# contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a\n" "# warning. This can be preseeded away...\n" "d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true\n" "# The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:\n" "d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true\n" "# And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.\n" "d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true\n" "d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true\n" "\n" "# You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:\n" "# - atomic: all files in one partition\n" "# - home: separate /home partition\n" "# - multi: separate /home, /var, and /tmp partitions\n" "d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic\n" "\n" "# Or provide a recipe of your own...\n" "# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can\n" "# just point at it.\n" "#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe\n" "\n" "# If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in " "one\n" "# (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable\n" "# swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:\n" "#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \\\n" "# boot-root :: \\\n" "# 40 50 100 ext3 \\\n" "# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \\\n" "# method{ format } format{ } \\\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \\\n" "# mountpoint{ /boot } \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \\\n" "# method{ format } format{ } \\\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \\\n" "# mountpoint{ / } \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 64 512 300% linux-swap \\\n" "# method{ swap } format{ } \\\n" "# .\n" "\n" "# The full recipe format is documented in the file partman-auto-recipe.txt\n" "# included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source\n" "# repository. This also documents how to specify settings such as file\n" "# system labels, volume group names and which physical devices to include\n" "# in a volume group.\n" "\n" "## Partitioning for EFI\n" "# If your system needs an EFI partition you could add something like\n" "# this to the recipe above, as the first element in the recipe:\n" "# 538 538 1075 free \\\n" "# $iflabel{ gpt } \\\n" "# $reusemethod{ } \\\n" "# method{ efi } \\\n" "# format{ } \\\n" "# . \\\n" "#\n" "# The fragment above is for the amd64 architecture; the details may be\n" "# different on other architectures. The 'partman-auto' package in the\n" "# D-I source repository may have an example you can follow.\n" "\n" "# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided\n" "# that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.\n" "d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true\n" "d-i partman/choose_partition select finish\n" "d-i partman/confirm boolean true\n" "d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true\n" "\n" "# Force UEFI booting ('BIOS compatibility' will be lost). Default: false.\n" "#d-i partman-efi/non_efi_system boolean true\n" "# Ensure the partition table is GPT - this is required for EFI\n" "#d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label select gpt\n" "#d-i partman-partitioning/default_label string gpt\n" "\n" "# When disk encryption is enabled, skip wiping the partitions beforehand.\n" "#d-i partman-auto-crypto/erase_disks boolean false" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:990 #, no-c-format msgid "Partitioning using RAID" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:991 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also use preseeding to set up partitions on software RAID arrays. " "Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10, creating degraded arrays and " "specifying spare devices." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:997 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are using RAID 1, you can preseed grub to install to all devices used " "in the array; see ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1004 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This type of automated partitioning is easy to get wrong. It is also " "functionality that receives relatively little testing from the developers of " "&d-i;. The responsibility to get the various recipes right (so they make " "sense and don't conflict) lies with the user. Check /var/log/" "syslog if you run into problems." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1014 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# The method should be set to \"raid\".\n" "#d-i partman-auto/method string raid\n" "# Specify the disks to be partitioned. They will all get the same layout,\n" "# so this will only work if the disks are the same size.\n" "#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda /dev/sdb\n" "\n" "# Next you need to specify the physical partitions that will be used. \n" "#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \\\n" "# multiraid :: \\\n" "# 1000 5000 4000 raid \\\n" "# $primary{ } method{ raid } \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 64 512 300% raid \\\n" "# method{ raid } \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 500 10000 1000000000 raid \\\n" "# method{ raid } \\\n" "# .\n" "\n" "# Last you need to specify how the previously defined partitions will be\n" "# used in the RAID setup. Remember to use the correct partition numbers\n" "# for logical partitions. RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10 are supported;\n" "# devices are separated using \"#\".\n" "# Parameters are:\n" "# <raidtype> <devcount> <sparecount> <fstype> <" "mountpoint> \\\n" "# <devices> <sparedevices>\n" "\n" "#d-i partman-auto-raid/recipe string \\\n" "# 1 2 0 ext3 / \\\n" "# /dev/sda1#/dev/sdb1 \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 1 2 0 swap - \\\n" "# /dev/sda5#/dev/sdb5 \\\n" "# . \\\n" "# 0 2 0 ext3 /home \\\n" "# /dev/sda6#/dev/sdb6 \\\n" "# .\n" "\n" "# For additional information see the file partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt\n" "# included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source\n" "# repository.\n" "\n" "# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation.\n" "d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true\n" "d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true\n" "d-i partman/choose_partition select finish\n" "d-i partman/confirm boolean true\n" "d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1019 #, no-c-format msgid "Controlling how partitions are mounted" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1020 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Normally, filesystems are mounted using a universally unique identifier " "(UUID) as a key; this allows them to be mounted properly even if their " "device name changes. UUIDs are long and difficult to read, so, if you " "prefer, the installer can mount filesystems based on the traditional device " "names, or based on a label you assign. If you ask the installer to mount by " "label, any filesystems without a label will be mounted using a UUID instead." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1029 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Devices with stable names, such as LVM logical volumes, will continue to use " "their traditional names rather than UUIDs." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1036 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Traditional device names may change based on the order in which the kernel " "discovers devices at boot, which may cause the wrong filesystem to be " "mounted. Similarly, labels are likely to clash if you plug in a new disk or " "a USB drive, and if that happens your system's behaviour when started will " "be random." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1046 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# The default is to mount by UUID, but you can also choose \"traditional\" " "to\n" "# use traditional device names, or \"label\" to try filesystem labels " "before\n" "# falling back to UUIDs.\n" "#d-i partman/mount_style select uuid" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1052 #, no-c-format msgid "Base system installation" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1053 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There is actually not very much that can be preseeded for this stage of the " "installation. The only questions asked concern the installation of the " "kernel." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1060 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Configure APT to not install recommended packages by default. Use of this\n" "# option can result in an incomplete system and should only be used by very\n" "# experienced users.\n" "#d-i base-installer/install-recommends boolean false\n" "\n" "# The kernel image (meta) package to be installed; \"none\" can be used if " "no\n" "# kernel is to be installed.\n" "#d-i base-installer/kernel/image string &kernelpackage;-686" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1065 #, no-c-format msgid "Apt setup" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1066 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Setup of the /etc/apt/sources.list and basic " "configuration options is fully automated based on your installation method " "and answers to earlier questions. You can optionally add other (local) " "repositories." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1074 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Choose, if you want to scan additional installation media\n" "# (default: false).\n" "d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false\n" "# You can choose to install non-free firmware.\n" "#d-i apt-setup/non-free-firmware boolean true\n" "# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.\n" "#d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true\n" "#d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true\n" "# Uncomment the following line, if you don't want to have the sources.list\n" "# entry for a DVD/BD installation image active in the installed system\n" "# (entries for netinst or CD images will be disabled anyway, regardless of\n" "# this setting).\n" "#d-i apt-setup/disable-cdrom-entries boolean true\n" "# Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.\n" "#d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false\n" "# Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.\n" "# Values shown below are the normal defaults.\n" "#d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates\n" "#d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org\n" "\n" "# Additional repositories, local[0-9] available\n" "#d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string \\\n" "# http://local.server/debian stable main\n" "#d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server\n" "# Enable deb-src lines\n" "#d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true\n" "# URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or\n" "# apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the\n" "# sources.list line will be left commented out.\n" "#d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key\n" "# or one can provide it in-line by base64 encoding the contents of the\n" "# key file (with `base64 -w0`) and specifying it thus:\n" "#d-i apt-setup/local0/key string base64://" "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQR1AgUFVCTElDIEtFWSBCTE9DSy0tLS0tCi4uLgo=\n" "# The content of the key file is checked to see if it appears to be ASCII-" "armoured.\n" "# If so it will be saved with an \".asc\" extension, otherwise it gets a '." "gpg' extension.\n" "# \"keybox database\" format is currently not supported. (see " "generators/60local in apt-setup's source)\n" "\n" "# By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated\n" "# using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that\n" "# authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.\n" "#d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true\n" "\n" "# Uncomment this to add multiarch configuration for i386\n" "#d-i apt-setup/multiarch string i386" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1079 #, no-c-format msgid "Package selection" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1080 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. " "Available tasks as of this writing include:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1088 #, no-c-format msgid "standard (standard tools)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1091 #, no-c-format msgid "desktop (graphical desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1094 #, no-c-format msgid "gnome-desktop (Gnome desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1097 #, no-c-format msgid "xfce-desktop (XFCE desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1100 #, no-c-format msgid "kde-desktop (KDE Plasma desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1103 #, no-c-format msgid "cinnamon-desktop (Cinnamon desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1106 #, no-c-format msgid "mate-desktop (MATE desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1109 #, no-c-format msgid "lxde-desktop (LXDE desktop)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1112 #, no-c-format msgid "web-server (web server)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1115 #, no-c-format msgid "ssh-server (SSH server)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1120 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You can also choose to install no tasks, and force the installation of a set " "of packages in some other way. We recommend always including the " "standard task." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1126 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Or if you don't want the tasksel dialog to be shown at all, preseed " "pkgsel/run_tasksel (no packages are installed via " "tasksel in that case)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1132 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you want to install some individual packages in addition to packages " "installed by tasks, you can use the parameter pkgsel/include. The value of this parameter can be a list of packages separated " "by either commas or spaces, which allows it to be used easily on the kernel " "command line as well." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1142 #, no-c-format msgid "" "#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, web-server, kde-desktop\n" "\n" "# Or choose to not get the tasksel dialog displayed at all (and don't " "install\n" "# any packages):\n" "#d-i pkgsel/run_tasksel boolean false\n" "\n" "# Individual additional packages to install\n" "#d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential\n" "# Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.\n" "# Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade\n" "#d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none\n" "\n" "# You can choose, if your system will report back on what software you have\n" "# installed, and what software you use. The default is not to report back,\n" "# but sending reports helps the project determine what software is most\n" "# popular and should be included on the first CD/DVD.\n" "#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1147 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot loader installation" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1149 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Grub is the boot loader (for x86).# To install no bootloader, uncomment this\n" "#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true\n" "\n" "# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the " "UEFI\n" "# partition/boot record if no other operating system is detected on the " "machine.\n" "d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true\n" "\n" "# This one makes grub-installer install to the UEFI partition/boot record, " "if\n" "# it also finds some other OS, which is less safe as it might not be able " "to\n" "# boot that other OS.\n" "d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true\n" "\n" "# Due notably to potential USB sticks, the location of the primary drive " "can\n" "# not be determined safely in general, so this needs to be specified:\n" "#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda\n" "# To install to the primary device (assuming it is not a USB stick):\n" "#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default\n" "\n" "# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the UEFI\n" "# parition/boot record, uncomment and edit these lines:\n" "#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false\n" "#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false\n" "#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1)\n" "# To install grub to multiple disks:\n" "#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1) (hd1,1) (hd2,1)\n" "\n" "# Optional password for grub, either in clear text\n" "#d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme\n" "#d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme\n" "# or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).\n" "#d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]\n" "\n" "# Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the\n" "# installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).\n" "# Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.\n" "#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1151 #, no-c-format msgid "" "An MD5 hash for a password for grub can be generated " "using grub-md5-crypt, or using the command from the " "example in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1161 #, no-c-format msgid "Finishing up the installation" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1163 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# During installations from serial console, the regular virtual consoles\n" "# (VT1-VT6) are normally disabled in /etc/inittab. Uncomment the next\n" "# line to prevent this.\n" "#d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true\n" "\n" "# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.\n" "d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note\n" "\n" "# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot,\n" "# which is useful in some situations.\n" "#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false\n" "\n" "# This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not\n" "# reboot into the installed system.\n" "#d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true\n" "# This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.\n" "#d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1168 #, no-c-format msgid "Preseeding other packages" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1170 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong\n" "# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may\n" "# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every\n" "# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an\n" "# installation, and then run these commands:\n" "# debconf-get-selections --installer > file\n" "# debconf-get-selections >> file" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1177 #, no-c-format msgid "Advanced options" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1180 #, no-c-format msgid "Running custom commands during the installation" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1181 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A very powerful and flexible option offered by the preconfiguration tools is " "the ability to run commands or scripts at certain points in the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1187 #, no-c-format msgid "" "When the filesystem of the target system is mounted, it is available in " "/target. If an installation CD is used, when it is " "mounted it is available in /cdrom." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1195 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks\n" "# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a\n" "# preconfiguration file like this one. Only use preconfiguration files from\n" "# trusted locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful,\n" "# here's a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,\n" "# automatically.\n" "\n" "# This first command is run as early as possible, just after\n" "# preseeding is read.\n" "#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb\n" "# This command is run immediately before the partitioner starts. It may be\n" "# useful to apply dynamic partitioner preseeding that depends on the state\n" "# of the disks (which may not be visible when preseed/early_command runs).\n" "#d-i partman/early_command \\\n" "# string debconf-set partman-auto/disk \"$(list-devices disk | head -" "n1)\"\n" "# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is\n" "# still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it\n" "# directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install\n" "# packages and run commands in the target system.\n" "#d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install zsh; in-target chsh -s /bin/zsh" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1200 #, no-c-format msgid "Using preseeding to change default values" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1201 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible to use preseeding to change the default answer for a " "question, but still have the question asked. To do this the seen flag must be reset to false after setting the " "value for a question. \n" "d-i foo/bar string value\n" "d-i foo/bar seen false\n" " The same effect can be achieved for " "all questions by setting the parameter " "preseed/interactive=true at the boot prompt. This can " "also be useful for testing or debugging your preconfiguration file." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1215 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the d-i owner should only be used for variables " "used in the installer itself. For variables belonging to packages installed " "on the target system, you should use the name of that package instead. See " "the footnote to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1222 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you are preseeding using boot parameters, you can make the installer ask " "the corresponding question by using the ?= operator, i.e. " "foo/bar?" "=value (or " "owner:foo/bar?=value). This will of " "course only have effect for parameters that correspond to questions that are " "actually displayed during an installation and not for internal parameters." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1232 #, no-c-format msgid "" "For more debugging information, use the boot parameter " "DEBCONF_DEBUG=5. This will cause debconf to print much more detail about the current settings of each " "variable and about its progress through each package's installation scripts." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: preseed.xml:1244 #, no-c-format msgid "Chainloading preconfiguration files" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1245 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible to include other preconfiguration files from a " "preconfiguration file. Any settings in those files will override pre-" "existing settings from files loaded earlier. This makes it possible to put, " "for example, general networking settings for your location in one file and " "more specific settings for certain configurations in other files." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: preseed.xml:1255 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# More than one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be\n" "# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their\n" "# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from\n" "# the same directory as the preconfiguration file that includes them.\n" "#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg\n" "\n" "# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preconfiguration files\n" "# before using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums\n" "# in the same order as the list of files to include.\n" "#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n" "\n" "# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of\n" "# preconfiguration files, includes those files. \n" "#d-i preseed/include_command \\\n" "# string if [ \"`hostname`\" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi\n" "\n" "# Most flexibly of all, this downloads a program and runs it. The program\n" "# can use commands such as debconf-set to manipulate the debconf database.\n" "# More than one script can be listed, separated by spaces.\n" "# Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from the same\n" "# directory as the preconfiguration file that runs them.\n" "#d-i preseed/run string foo.sh" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: preseed.xml:1257 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is also possible to chainload from the initrd or file preseeding phase, " "into network preseeding by setting preseed/url in the earlier files. This " "will cause network preseeding to be performed when the network comes up. You " "need to be careful when doing this, since there will be two distinct runs at " "preseeding, meaning for example that you get another chance to run the " "preseed/early command, the second one happening after the network comes up." msgstr ""