# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual_random-bits\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-04-05 16:28+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2016-12-26 18:56+0000\n" "Last-Translator: NAME \n" "Language-Team: Romanian \n" "Language: ro\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:4 #, no-c-format msgid "Random Bits" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:11 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux Devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:12 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In Linux various special files can be found under the directory /" "dev. These files are called device files and behave unlike " "ordinary files. The most common types of device files are for block devices " "and character devices. These files are an interface to the actual driver " "(part of the Linux kernel) which in turn accesses the hardware. Another, " "less common, type of device file is the named pipe. " "The most important device files are listed in the tables below." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:27 #, no-c-format msgid "sda" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:28 #, no-c-format msgid "First hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:30 #, no-c-format msgid "sdb" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:31 #, no-c-format msgid "Second hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:33 #, no-c-format msgid "sda1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:34 #, no-c-format msgid "First partition of the first hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:36 #, no-c-format msgid "sdb7" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:37 #, no-c-format msgid "Seventh partition of the second hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:43 #, no-c-format msgid "sr0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:44 #, no-c-format msgid "First CD-ROM" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:46 #, no-c-format msgid "sr1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:47 #, no-c-format msgid "Second CD-ROM" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:53 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:54 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:56 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:57 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:59 #, no-c-format msgid "psaux" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:60 #, no-c-format msgid "PS/2 mouse device" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:62 #, no-c-format msgid "gpmdata" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:63 #, no-c-format msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "cdrom" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:70 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:72 #, no-c-format msgid "mouse" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:73 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "null" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:80 #, no-c-format msgid "Anything written to this device will disappear" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:82 #, no-c-format msgid "zero" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:83 #, no-c-format msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:90 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:91 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window " "environment. Normally, this is a simple matter of installing gpm and the X server itself. Both should be configured to use " "/dev/input/mice as the mouse device. The correct mouse " "protocol is named exps2 in gpm, and " "ExplorerPS/2 in X. The respective configuration files " "are /etc/gpm.conf and /etc/X11/xorg.conf." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:102 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Certain kernel modules must be loaded in order for your mouse to work. In " "most cases the correct modules are autodetected, but not always for old-" "style serial and bus mice Serial mice usually have a 9-hole " "D-shaped connector; bus mice have an 8-pin round connector, not to be " "confused with the 6-pin round connector of a PS/2 mouse or the 4-pin round " "connector of an ADB mouse. , which are quite rare except " "on very old computers. Summary of Linux kernel modules needed for different " "mouse types: Module Description " "psmouse PS/2 mice (should be autodetected) usbhid USB mice (should be autodetected) sermouse Most serial mice " " logibm Bus mouse connected to Logitech " "adapter card inport Bus mouse " "connected to ATI or Microsoft InPort card To load a mouse driver module, you can use the " "modconf command (from the package with the same name) and " "look in the category kernel/drivers/input/mouse." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:149 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when " "your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to /" "etc/sysctl.conf file." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:156 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# 3-button mouse emulation\n" "# turn on emulation\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n" "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n" "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n" "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:163 #, no-c-format msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:164 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A standard installation for the amd64 architecture, including all standard " "packages and using the default kernel, takes up &std-system-size;MB of disk " "space. A minimal base installation, without the Standard system task selected, will take &base-system-size;MB." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:172 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In both cases this is the actual disk space used after " "the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does " "not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for " "journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both " "during the installation and for normal system use." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:181 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in " "tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total " "installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by " "adding up the numbers." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:188 #, no-c-format msgid "" "By default the installer will install the GNOME desktop environment, but " "alternative desktop environments can be selected either by using one of the " "special installation images, or by specifying the desired desktop " "environment during installation (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:195 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of " "the standard installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of " "the size listed as Installed size will end up in /" "usr and in /lib; the size listed as " "Download size is (temporarily) required in /var." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:209 #, no-c-format msgid "Task" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:210 #, no-c-format msgid "Installed size (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:211 #, no-c-format msgid "Download size (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:212 #, no-c-format msgid "Space needed to install (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:218 #, no-c-format msgid "Desktop environment" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:219 random-bits.xml:220 random-bits.xml:221 #, no-c-format msgid " " msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:224 #, no-c-format msgid "  • GNOME (default)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:225 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:226 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:227 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:230 #, no-c-format msgid "  • KDE Plasma" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:231 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:232 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:233 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:236 #, no-c-format msgid "  • Xfce" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:237 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:238 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:239 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:242 #, no-c-format msgid "  • LXDE" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:243 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:244 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:245 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:248 #, no-c-format msgid "  • MATE" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:249 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-mate-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:250 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-mate-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:251 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-mate-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:254 #, no-c-format msgid "  • Cinnamon" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:255 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:256 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:257 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:261 #, no-c-format msgid "Web server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:262 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:263 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:264 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:268 #, no-c-format msgid "SSH server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:269 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:270 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:271 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:277 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you install in a language other than English, tasksel " "may automatically install a localization task, if one " "is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you " "should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:292 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; from a Unix/Linux System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:294 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; from an existing Unix or " "Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the " "rest of the manual. This cross-install HOWTO has been " "requested by users switching to &debian-gnu; from Red Hat, Mandriva, and " "SUSE. In this section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and " "navigating the file system is assumed. In this section, $ " "symbolizes a command to be entered in the user's current system, while " "# refers to a command entered in the &debian; chroot." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:306 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once you've got the new &debian; system configured to your preference, you " "can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. " "This is therefore a zero downtime &debian-gnu; install. It's " "also a clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play " "friendly with various boot or installation media." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:317 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As this is a mostly manual procedure, you should bear in mind that you will " "need to do a lot of basic configuration of the system yourself, which will " "also require more knowledge of &debian; and of &arch-kernel; in general than " "performing a regular installation. You cannot expect this procedure to " "result in a system that is identical to a system from a regular " "installation. You should also keep in mind that this procedure only gives " "the basic steps to set up a system. Additional installation and/or " "configuration steps may be needed." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:331 #, no-c-format msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:332 #, no-c-format msgid "" "With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as " "needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around &base-" "system-size;MB of space available for a console only install, or about &task-" "desktop-lxde-inst;MB if you plan to install X (more if you intend to install " "desktop environments like GNOME or KDE Plasma)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:340 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 " "file system on partition /dev/sda6 (that's our example " "root partition): \n" "# mke2fs -j /dev/sda6\n" " To create an ext2 file system instead, omit " "-j." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:350 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your " "intended &debian; swap partition): \n" "# mkswap /dev/sda5\n" "# sync\n" "# swapon /dev/sda5\n" " Mount one partition as /mnt/debinst (the installation point, to be the root (/) " "filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, " "it is referenced later below." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:362 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n" "# mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/debinst" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:365 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate " "partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually " "before proceding with the next stage." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:375 #, no-c-format msgid "Install debootstrap" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:376 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The utility used by the &debian; installer, and recognized as the official " "way to install a &debian; base system, is debootstrap. It " "uses wget and ar, but otherwise " "depends only on /bin/sh and basic Unix/Linux " "tools These include the GNU core utilities and commands " "like sed, grep, tar " "and gzip. . Install wget and ar if they aren't already on your current " "system, then download and install debootstrap." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:406 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work " "folder for extracting the .deb into: \n" "# mkdir work\n" "# cd work\n" " The debootstrap binary is " "located in the &debian; archive (be sure to select the proper file for your " "architecture). Download the debootstrap .deb from the " " pool, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. " "You will need to have root privileges to install the files." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:421 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n" "# cd /\n" "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:427 #, no-c-format msgid "Run debootstrap" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:428 #, no-c-format msgid "" "debootstrap can download the needed files directly from " "the archive when you run it. You can substitute any &debian; archive mirror " "for &archive-mirror;/debian in the command example " "below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at " "." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:437 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have a &releasename; &debian-gnu; installation image mounted at " "/cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead of the " "http URL: file:/cdrom/debian/" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:443 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Substitute one of the following for ARCH in the " "debootstrap command: amd64, " "arm64, armel, " "armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, " "powerpc, ppc64el, or " "s390x. \n" "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n" " /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian\n" " If the target architecture is different than the " "host, you should add the --foreign option." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:469 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure The Base System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:470 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now you've got a real &debian; system, though rather lean, on disk. " "chroot into it: \n" "# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n" " If the target architecture is different from the " "host, you will need to first copy qemu-user-static to the new host: " "\n" "# cp /usr/bin/qemu-ARCH-static /mnt/debinst/usr/bin\n" "# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot /mnt/debinst qemu-ARCH-static /bin/bash\n" " After chrooting you may need to set the terminal " "definition to be compatible with the &debian; base system, for example: " "\n" "# export TERM=xterm-color\n" " Depending on the value of TERM, you may have to " "install the ncurses-term package to get support for " "it." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:490 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If the target architecture is different from the host, you need to finish " "the multi-stage boot strap:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:494 #, no-c-format msgid "/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:499 #, no-c-format msgid "Create device files" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:500 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this point /dev/ only contains very basic device " "files. For the next steps of the installation additional device files may be " "needed. There are different ways to go about this and which method you " "should use depends on the host system you are using for the installation, on " "whether you intend to use a modular kernel or not, and on whether you intend " "to use dynamic (e.g. using udev) or static device " "files for the new system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:510 #, no-c-format msgid "A few of the available options are:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:515 #, no-c-format msgid "" "install the makedev package, and create a default set of static device files " "using (after chrooting)" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:519 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# apt install makedev\n" "# mount none /proc -t proc\n" "# cd /dev\n" "# MAKEDEV generic" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:522 #, no-c-format msgid "" "manually create only specific device files using MAKEDEV" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:527 #, no-c-format msgid "" "bind mount /dev from your host system on top of /dev in the target system; " "note that the postinst scripts of some packages may try to create device " "files, so this option should only be used with care" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:540 #, no-c-format msgid "Mount Partitions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:541 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You need to create /etc/fstab. " "\n" "# editor /etc/fstab\n" " Here is a sample you can modify to suit: " "\n" "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n" "#\n" "# file system mount point type options dump pass\n" "/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n" "/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n" "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" " Use mount -a to mount all " "the file systems you have specified in your /etc/fstab, " "or, to mount file systems individually, use: \n" "# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n" " Current &debian; systems have mountpoints for " "removable media under /media, but keep compatibility " "symlinks in /. Create these as as needed, for example: " "\n" "# cd /media\n" "# mkdir cdrom0\n" "# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n" "# cd /\n" "# ln -s media/cdrom\n" " You can mount the proc file system multiple " "times and to arbitrary locations, though /proc is " "customary. If you didn't use mount -a, be sure to " "mount proc before continuing:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:567 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:569 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The command ls /proc should now show a non-empty " "directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the " "chroot:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:575 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:581 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Timezone" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:582 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Setting the third line of the file /etc/adjtime to " "UTC or LOCAL determines whether the system " "will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC respective local time. " "The following command allows you to set that. \n" "# editor /etc/adjtime\n" " Here is a sample: \n" "0.0 0 0.0\n" "0\n" "UTC\n" " The following command allows you to choose your " "timezone." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:596 #, no-c-format msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:602 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:603 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure networking, edit /etc/network/interfaces, " "/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hostname " "and /etc/hosts. \n" "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n" " Here are some simple examples from /" "usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples: \n" "######################################################################\n" "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n" "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n" "# available.\n" "######################################################################\n" "\n" "# The loopback interface isn't really required any longer, but can be used\n" "# if needed.\n" "#\n" "# auto lo\n" "# iface lo inet loopback\n" "\n" "# To use dhcp:\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n" "\n" "# An example static IP setup: (network, broadcast and gateway are optional)\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet static\n" "# address 192.168.0.42\n" "# network 192.168.0.0\n" "# netmask 255.255.255.0\n" "# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n" "# gateway 192.168.0.1\n" " Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives " "in /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n" " A simple example /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "search example.com\n" "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n" "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n" " Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 " "characters): \n" "# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname\n" " And a basic /etc/hosts with " "IPv6 support: \n" "127.0.0.1 localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 DebianHostName\n" "\n" "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n" "::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n" "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n" " If you have multiple network cards, you should " "arrange the names of driver modules in the /etc/modules " "file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated " "with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:644 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Apt" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:645 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debootstrap will have created a very basic /etc/apt/sources.list that will allow installing additional packages. However, you may " "want to add some additional sources, for example for source packages and " "security updates: \n" "deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian &releasename; main\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;-security main\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;-security main\n" " Make sure to run apt update after you have made changes to the sources list." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:661 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Locales and Keyboard" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:662 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, " "install the locales support package and configure it. " "Currently the use of UTF-8 locales is recommended. " "\n" "# apt install locales\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n" " To configure your keyboard (if needed):" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:672 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# apt install console-setup\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:674 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be " "configured for the next reboot." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:684 #, no-c-format msgid "Install a Kernel" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:685 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a &arch-kernel; kernel " "and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:690 #, no-c-format msgid "# apt search &kernelpackage;" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:692 #, no-c-format msgid "Then install the kernel package of your choice using its package name." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:696 #, no-c-format msgid "# apt install &kernelpackage;-arch-etc" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:702 #, no-c-format msgid "Set up the Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:703 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To make your &debian-gnu; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load " "the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that " "debootstrap does not install a boot loader, but you can " "use apt inside your &debian; chroot to do so." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:710 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Check info grub for instructions on setting up the " "bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, just " "add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing grub2 grub." "cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:718 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installing and setting up grub2 is as easy as: " "\n" "# apt install grub-pc\n" "# grub-install /dev/sda\n" "# update-grub\n" " The second command will install grub2 (in this case in the MBR of sda). The last " "command will create a sane and working /boot/grub/grub.cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:728 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Note that this assumes that a /dev/sda device file has " "been created. There are alternative methods to install grub2, but those are outside the scope of this appendix." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:734 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Check man yaboot.conf for instructions on setting up " "the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, " "just add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing yaboot." "conf. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. " "After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use yaboot." "conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:744 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: " "\n" "boot=/dev/sda2\n" "device=hd:\n" "partition=6\n" "root=/dev/sda6\n" "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n" "timeout=50\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" "label=Debian\n" " On some machines, you may need to use " "ide0: instead of hd:." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:757 #, no-c-format msgid "Remote access: Installing SSH and setting up access" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:758 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In case you can login to the system via console, you can skip this section. " "If the system should be accessible via the network later on, you need to " "install SSH and set up access. \n" "# apt install ssh\n" " Root login with password is disabled by default, " "so setting up access can be done by setting a password and re-enable root " "login with password: \n" "# passwd\n" "# editor /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n" " This is the option to be enabled: " "\n" "PermitRootLogin yes\n" " Access can also be set up by adding an ssh key " "to the root account: \n" "# mkdir /root/.ssh\n" "# cat << EOF > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\n" "ssh-rsa ....\n" "EOF\n" " Lastly, access can be set up by adding a non-" "root user and setting a password:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:782 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# adduser joe\n" "# passwd joe" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:787 #, no-c-format msgid "Finishing touches" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:788 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As mentioned earlier, the installed system will be very basic. If you would " "like to make the system a bit more mature, there is an easy method to " "install all packages with standard priority: " "\n" "# tasksel install standard\n" " Of course, you can also just use apt to install packages individually." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:799 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After the installation there will be a lot of downloaded packages in " "/var/cache/apt/archives/. You can free up some " "diskspace by running:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:805 #, no-c-format msgid "# apt clean" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:816 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:818 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; on a computer without an " "Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-" "Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be " "connected to a network that has a &debian; mirror on it (e.g. to the " "Internet)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:826 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a " "gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will " "use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the " "target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be " "unused within your network address space)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:834 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available " "after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:839 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base " "address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target " "systems. The most common values are io=0x378, " "irq=7." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:849 #, no-c-format msgid "Requirements" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:852 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A target computer, called target, where &debian; will " "be installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:858 #, no-c-format msgid "System installation media; see ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:863 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Another computer connected to the Internet, called source, that will function as the gateway." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:869 #, no-c-format msgid "" "A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the PLIP-Install-HOWTO for more information on this cable and " "instructions how to make your own." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:881 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up source" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:882 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the " "source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:887 #, no-c-format msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" "\n" "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n" "# reconfigure them manually.\n" "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n" "modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7\n" "modprobe plip\n" "\n" "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n" "ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint " "192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n" "\n" "# Configure gateway\n" "modprobe iptable_nat\n" "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j " "MASQUERADE\n" "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:893 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing target" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:894 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert " "mode; enter expert at the boot prompt. If you need to " "set parameters for kernel modules, you also need to do this at the boot " "prompt. For example, to boot the installer and set values for the io and irq options for the parport_pc module, enter the " "following at the boot prompt: \n" "expert parport_pc.io=0x378 parport_pc." "irq=7\n" " Below are the answers that should be given " "during various stages of the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:913 #, no-c-format msgid "Load installer components from installation media" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:915 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Select the plip-modules option from the list; this " "will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:923 #, no-c-format msgid "Detect network hardware" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:928 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If target does have a network card, a list of driver " "modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use " "plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if " "target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:937 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will " "ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the " "plip module." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:949 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure the network" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:952 #, no-c-format msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:957 #, no-c-format msgid "" "IP address: 192.168.0.1" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:962 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Point-to-point address: 192.168.0.2" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:968 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see " "/etc/resolv.conf)" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:987 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:989 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In some countries PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a common protocol for " "broadband (ADSL or cable) connections to an Internet Service Provider. " "Setting up a network connection using PPPoE is not supported by default in " "the installer, but can be made to work very simply. This section explains " "how." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:997 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The PPPoE connection set up during the installation will also be available " "after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1002 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To have the option of setting up and using PPPoE during the installation, " "you will need to install using one of the CD-ROM/DVD images that are " "available. It is not supported for other installation methods (e.g. netboot)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1009 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installing over PPPoE is mostly the same as any other installation. The " "following steps explain the differences." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1017 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot the installer with the boot parameter modules=ppp-udeb See " "for information on how to add a boot parameter. . This " "will ensure the component responsible for the setup of PPPoE (ppp-" "udeb) will be loaded and run automatically." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1032 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Follow the regular initial steps of the installation (language, country and " "keyboard selection; the loading of additional installer components " " The ppp-udeb component is loaded as one of the " "additional components in this step. If you want to install at medium or low " "priority (expert mode), you can also manually select the ppp-" "udeb instead of entering the modules parameter at " "the boot prompt. )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1051 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The next step is the detection of network hardware, in order to identify any " "Ethernet cards present in the system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1057 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After this the actual setup of PPPoE is started. The installer will probe " "all the detected Ethernet interfaces in an attempt to find a PPPoE " "concentrator (a type of server which handles PPPoE connections)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1063 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It is possible that the concentrator will not to be found at the first " "attempt. This can happen occasionally on slow or loaded networks or with " "faulty servers. In most cases a second attempt to detect the concentrator " "will be successful; to retry, select Configure and start a " "PPPoE connection from the main menu of the installer." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1072 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After a concentrator is found, the user will be prompted to type the login " "information (the PPPoE username and password)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1078 #, no-c-format msgid "" "At this point the installer will use the provided information to establish " "the PPPoE connection. If the correct information was provided, the PPPoE " "connection should be configured and the installer should be able to use it " "to connect to the Internet and retrieve packages over it (if needed). If the " "login information is not correct or some error appears, the installer will " "stop, but the configuration can be attempted again by selecting the menu " "entry Configure and start a PPPoE connection." msgstr ""