# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-10-05 18:15+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:4 #, no-c-format msgid "Random Bits" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:11 #, no-c-format msgid "Linux Devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:12 #, no-c-format msgid "In Linux various special files can be found under the directory /dev. These files are called device files and behave unlike ordinary files. The most common types of device files are for block devices and character devices. These files are an interface to the actual driver (part of the Linux kernel) which in turn accesses the hardware. Another, less common, type of device file is the named pipe. The most important device files are listed in the tables below." msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:27 #, no-c-format msgid "fd0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:28 #, no-c-format msgid "First Floppy Drive" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:30 #, no-c-format msgid "fd1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:31 #, no-c-format msgid "Second Floppy Drive" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:37 #, no-c-format msgid "hda" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:38 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:40 #, no-c-format msgid "hdb" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:41 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:43 #, no-c-format msgid "hdc" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:44 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:46 #, no-c-format msgid "hdd" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:47 #, no-c-format msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:49 #, no-c-format msgid "hda1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:50 #, no-c-format msgid "First partition of the first IDE hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:52 #, no-c-format msgid "hdd15" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:53 #, no-c-format msgid "Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:59 #, no-c-format msgid "sda" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:60 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:62 #, no-c-format msgid "sdb" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:63 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:65 #, no-c-format msgid "sdc" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:66 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:68 #, no-c-format msgid "sda1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "First partition of the first SCSI hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:71 #, no-c-format msgid "sdd10" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:72 #, no-c-format msgid "Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:78 #, no-c-format msgid "sr0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:81 #, no-c-format msgid "sr1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:82 #, no-c-format msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:88 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS0" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:89 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:91 #, no-c-format msgid "ttyS1" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:92 #, no-c-format msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:94 #, no-c-format msgid "psaux" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:95 #, no-c-format msgid "PS/2 mouse device" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:97 #, no-c-format msgid "gpmdata" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:98 #, no-c-format msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:104 #, no-c-format msgid "cdrom" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:105 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:107 #, no-c-format msgid "mouse" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:108 #, no-c-format msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:114 #, no-c-format msgid "null" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:115 #, no-c-format msgid "Anything written to this device will disappear" msgstr "" #. Tag: filename #: random-bits.xml:117 #, no-c-format msgid "zero" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:118 #, no-c-format msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:125 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:126 #, no-c-format msgid "The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window environment. Normally, this is a simple matter of installing gpm and the X server itself. Both should be configured to use /dev/input/mice as the mouse device. The correct mouse protocol is named exps2 in gpm, and ExplorerPS/2 in X. The respective configuration files are /etc/gpm.conf and /etc/X11/xorg.conf." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:137 #, no-c-format msgid "Certain kernel modules must be loaded in order for your mouse to work. In most cases the correct modules are autodetected, but not always for old-style serial and bus mice Serial mice usually have a 9-hole D-shaped connector; bus mice have an 8-pin round connector, not to be confused with the 6-pin round connector of a PS/2 mouse or the 4-pin round connector of an ADB mouse. , which are quite rare except on very old computers. Summary of Linux kernel modules needed for different mouse types: Module Description psmouse PS/2 mice (should be autodetected) usbhid USB mice (should be autodetected) sermouse Most serial mice logibm Bus mouse connected to Logitech adapter card inport Bus mouse connected to ATI or Microsoft InPort card To load a mouse driver module, you can use the modconf command (from the package with the same name) and look in the category kernel/drivers/input/mouse." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:184 #, no-c-format msgid "Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf file." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:191 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# 3-button mouse emulation\n" "# turn on emulation\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n" "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n" "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n" "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:198 #, no-c-format msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:199 #, no-c-format msgid "A standard installation for the amd64 architecture, including all standard packages and using the default kernel, takes up &std-system-size;MB of disk space. A minimal base installation, without the Standard system task selected, will take &base-system-size;MB." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:207 #, no-c-format msgid "In both cases this is the actual disk space used after the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both during the installation and for normal system use." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:216 #, no-c-format msgid "The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by adding up the numbers." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:223 #, no-c-format msgid "By default the installer will install the GNOME desktop environment, but alternative desktop environments can be selected either by using one of the special CD images, or by specifying the desired desktop environment when the installer is booted (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:230 #, no-c-format msgid "Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of the standard installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of the size listed as Installed size will end up in /usr and in /lib; the size listed as Download size is (temporarily) required in /var." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:244 #, no-c-format msgid "Task" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:245 #, no-c-format msgid "Installed size (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:246 #, no-c-format msgid "Download size (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:247 #, no-c-format msgid "Space needed to install (MB)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:253 #, no-c-format msgid "Desktop environment" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:254 random-bits.xml:255 random-bits.xml:256 #, no-c-format msgid " " msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:259 #, no-c-format msgid "  • GNOME (default)" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:260 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:261 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:262 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:265 #, no-c-format msgid "  • KDE" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:266 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:267 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:268 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-kde-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:271 #, no-c-format msgid "  • Xfce" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:272 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:273 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:274 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:277 #, no-c-format msgid "  • LXDE" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:278 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:279 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:280 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:284 #, no-c-format msgid "Laptop" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:286 #, no-c-format msgid "There is some overlap of the Laptop task with the Desktop environment task. If you install both, the Laptop task will only require a few MB additional disk space." msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:293 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-laptop-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:294 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-laptop-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:295 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-laptop-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:299 #, no-c-format msgid "Web server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:300 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:302 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-web-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:306 #, no-c-format msgid "Print server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:307 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-print-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:308 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-print-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:309 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-print-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:313 #, no-c-format msgid "DNS server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:314 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-dns-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:315 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-dns-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:316 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-dns-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:320 #, no-c-format msgid "File server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:321 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-file-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:322 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-file-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:323 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-file-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:327 #, no-c-format msgid "Mail server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:328 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-mail-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:329 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-mail-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:330 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-mail-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:334 #, no-c-format msgid "SQL database" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:335 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-sql-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:336 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-sql-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:337 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-sql-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:341 #, no-c-format msgid "SSH server" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:342 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-inst;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:343 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-dl;" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #: random-bits.xml:344 #, no-c-format msgid "&task-ssh-tot;" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:350 #, no-c-format msgid "If you install in a language other than English, tasksel may automatically install a localization task, if one is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:365 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; from a Unix/Linux System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:367 #, no-c-format msgid "This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; from an existing Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the rest of the manual. This cross-install HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian-gnu; from Red Hat, Mandriva, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In this section, $ symbolizes a command to be entered in the user's current system, while # refers to a command entered in the &debian; chroot." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:379 #, no-c-format msgid "Once you've got the new &debian; system configured to your preference, you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. This is therefore a zero downtime &debian-gnu; install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation media." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:390 #, no-c-format msgid "As this is a mostly manual procedure, you should bear in mind that you will need to do a lot of basic configuration of the system yourself, which will also require more knowledge of &debian; and of &arch-kernel; in general than performing a regular installation. You cannot expect this procedure to result in a system that is identical to a system from a regular installation. You should also keep in mind that this procedure only gives the basic steps to set up a system. Additional installation and/or configuration steps may be needed." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:404 #, no-c-format msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:405 #, no-c-format msgid "With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around &base-system-size;MB of space available for a console only install, or about &task-desktop-lxde-inst;MB if you plan to install X (more if you intend to install desktop environments like GNOME or KDE)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:413 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 file system on partition /dev/hda6 (that's our example root partition): \n" "# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6\n" " To create an ext2 file system instead, omit -j." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:423 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your intended &debian; swap partition): \n" "# mkswap /dev/hda5\n" "# sync\n" "# swapon /dev/hda5\n" " Mount one partition as /mnt/debinst (the installation point, to be the root (/) filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is referenced later below." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:435 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n" "# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:438 #, no-c-format msgid "If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually before proceding with the next stage." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:448 #, no-c-format msgid "Install debootstrap" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:449 #, no-c-format msgid "The utility used by the &debian; installer, and recognized as the official way to install a &debian; base system, is debootstrap. It uses wget and ar, but otherwise depends only on /bin/sh and basic Unix/Linux tools These include the GNU core utilities and commands like sed, grep, tar and gzip. . Install wget and ar if they aren't already on your current system, then download and install debootstrap." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:479 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: \n" "# mkdir work\n" "# cd work\n" " The debootstrap binary is located in the &debian; archive (be sure to select the proper file for your architecture). Download the debootstrap .deb from the pool, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install the files." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:494 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n" "# cd /\n" "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:500 #, no-c-format msgid "Run debootstrap" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:501 #, no-c-format msgid "debootstrap can download the needed files directly from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any &debian; archive mirror for &archive-mirror;/debian in the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:510 #, no-c-format msgid "If you have a &releasename; &debian-gnu; CD mounted at /cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: file:/cdrom/debian/" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:516 #, no-c-format msgid "Substitute one of the following for ARCH in the debootstrap command: amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mipsel, powerpc, ppc64el, or s390x." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:532 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n" " /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:538 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure The Base System" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:539 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now you've got a real &debian; system, though rather lean, on disk. chroot into it: \n" "# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n" " After chrooting you may need to set the terminal definition to be compatible with the &debian; base system, for example: \n" "# export TERM=xterm-color\n" " Depending on the value of TERM, you may have to install the ncurses-term package to get support for it." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:557 #, no-c-format msgid "Create device files" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:558 #, no-c-format msgid "At this point /dev/ only contains very basic device files. For the next steps of the installation additional device files may be needed. There are different ways to go about this and which method you should use depends on the host system you are using for the installation, on whether you intend to use a modular kernel or not, and on whether you intend to use dynamic (e.g. using udev) or static device files for the new system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:568 #, no-c-format msgid "A few of the available options are:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:573 #, no-c-format msgid "install the makedev package, and create a default set of static device files using (after chrooting)" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:577 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# apt-get install makedev\n" "# mount none /proc -t proc\n" "# cd /dev\n" "# MAKEDEV generic" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:580 #, no-c-format msgid "manually create only specific device files using MAKEDEV" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:585 #, no-c-format msgid "bind mount /dev from your host system on top of /dev in the target system; note that the postinst scripts of some packages may try to create device files, so this option should only be used with care" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:598 #, no-c-format msgid "Mount Partitions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:599 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You need to create /etc/fstab. \n" "# editor /etc/fstab\n" " Here is a sample you can modify to suit: \n" "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n" "#\n" "# file system mount point type options dump pass\n" "/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n" "/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n" "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0\n" "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" " Use mount -a to mount all the file systems you have specified in your /etc/fstab, or, to mount file systems individually, use: \n" "# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n" " Current &debian; systems have mountpoints for removable media under /media, but keep compatibility symlinks in /. Create these as as needed, for example: \n" "# cd /media\n" "# mkdir cdrom0\n" "# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n" "# cd /\n" "# ln -s media/cdrom\n" " You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary locations, though /proc is customary. If you didn't use mount -a, be sure to mount proc before continuing:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:625 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:627 #, no-c-format msgid "The command ls /proc should now show a non-empty directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the chroot:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:633 #, no-c-format msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:639 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting Timezone" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:640 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Setting the third line of the file /etc/adjtime to UTC or LOCAL determines whether the system will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC respective local time. The following command allows you to set that. \n" "# editor /etc/adjtime\n" " Here is a sample: \n" "0.0 0 0.0\n" "0\n" "UTC\n" " The following command allows you to choose your timezone." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:654 #, no-c-format msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:660 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:661 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure networking, edit /etc/network/interfaces, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts. \n" "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n" " Here are some simple examples from /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples: \n" "######################################################################\n" "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n" "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n" "# available.\n" "######################################################################\n" "\n" "# We always want the loopback interface.\n" "#\n" "auto lo\n" "iface lo inet loopback\n" "\n" "# To use dhcp:\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n" "\n" "# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet static\n" "# address 192.168.0.42\n" "# network 192.168.0.0\n" "# netmask 255.255.255.0\n" "# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n" "# gateway 192.168.0.1\n" " Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n" " A simple example /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "search hqdom.local\n" "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n" "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n" " Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): \n" "# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname\n" " And a basic /etc/hosts with IPv6 support: \n" "127.0.0.1 localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 DebianHostName\n" "\n" "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n" "::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n" "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n" " If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of driver modules in the /etc/modules file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:702 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Apt" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:703 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Debootstrap will have created a very basic /etc/apt/sources.list that will allow installing additional packages. However, you may want to add some additional sources, for example for source packages and security updates: \n" "deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian &releasename; main\n" "\n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;/updates main\n" "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;/updates main\n" " Make sure to run aptitude update after you have made changes to the sources list." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:719 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure Locales and Keyboard" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:720 #, no-c-format msgid "" "To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, install the locales support package and configure it. Currently the use of UTF-8 locales is recommended. \n" "# aptitude install locales\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n" " To configure your keyboard (if needed):" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:730 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# aptitude install console-setup\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:732 #, no-c-format msgid "Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be configured for the next reboot." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:742 #, no-c-format msgid "Install a Kernel" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:743 #, no-c-format msgid "If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a &arch-kernel; kernel and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:748 #, no-c-format msgid "# apt-cache search &kernelpackage;" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:750 #, no-c-format msgid "Then install the kernel package of your choice using its package name." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:754 #, no-c-format msgid "# aptitude install &kernelpackage;-arch-etc" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:760 #, no-c-format msgid "Set up the Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:761 #, no-c-format msgid "To make your &debian-gnu; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that debootstrap does not install a boot loader, though you can use aptitude inside your &debian; chroot to do so." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:768 #, no-c-format msgid "Check info grub or man lilo.conf for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, just add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing grub2 grub.cfg or lilo.conf. For lilo.conf, you could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use lilo.conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:780 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Installing and setting up grub2 is as easy as: \n" "# aptitude install grub-pc\n" "# grub-install /dev/hda\n" "# update-grub\n" " The second command will install grub2 (in this case in the MBR of hda). The last command will create a sane and working /boot/grub/grub.cfg." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:790 #, no-c-format msgid "Note that this assumes that a /dev/hda device file has been created. There are alternative methods to install grub2, but those are outside the scope of this appendix." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:796 #, no-c-format msgid "Here is a basic /etc/lilo.conf as an example:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:800 #, no-c-format msgid "" "boot=/dev/hda6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "install=menu\n" "delay=20\n" "lba32\n" "image=/vmlinuz\n" "initrd=/initrd.img\n" "label=Debian" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:802 #, no-c-format msgid "Check man yaboot.conf for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, just add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing yaboot.conf. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use yaboot.conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:812 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: \n" "boot=/dev/hda2\n" "device=hd:\n" "partition=6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n" "timeout=50\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" "label=Debian\n" " On some machines, you may need to use ide0: instead of hd:." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:825 #, no-c-format msgid "Remote access: Installing SSH and setting up access" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:826 #, no-c-format msgid "" "In case you can login to the system via console, you can skip this section. If the system should be accessible via the network later on, you need to install SSH and set up access. \n" "# aptitude install ssh\n" " Root login with password is disabled by default, so setting up access can be done by setting a password and re-enable root login with password: \n" "# passwd\n" "# editor /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n" " This is the option to be enabled: \n" "PermitRootLogin yes\n" " Access can also be set up by adding an ssh key to the root account: \n" "# mkdir /root/.ssh\n" "# cat << EOF > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\n" "ssh-rsa ....\n" "EOF\n" " Lastly, access can be set up by adding a non-root user and setting a password:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:850 #, no-c-format msgid "" "# adduser joe\n" "# passwd joe" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:855 #, no-c-format msgid "Finishing touches" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:856 #, no-c-format msgid "" "As mentioned earlier, the installed system will be very basic. If you would like to make the system a bit more mature, there is an easy method to install all packages with standard priority: \n" "# tasksel install standard\n" " Of course, you can also just use aptitude to install packages individually." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:867 #, no-c-format msgid "After the installation there will be a lot of downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/. You can free up some diskspace by running:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:873 #, no-c-format msgid "# aptitude clean" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:884 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:886 #, no-c-format msgid "This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; on a computer without an Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be connected to a network that has a &debian; mirror on it (e.g. to the Internet)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:894 #, no-c-format msgid "In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be unused within your network address space)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:902 #, no-c-format msgid "The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:907 #, no-c-format msgid "Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target systems. The most common values are io=0x378, irq=7." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:917 #, no-c-format msgid "Requirements" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:920 #, no-c-format msgid "A target computer, called target, where &debian; will be installed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:926 #, no-c-format msgid "System installation media; see ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:931 #, no-c-format msgid "Another computer connected to the Internet, called source, that will function as the gateway." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:937 #, no-c-format msgid "A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the PLIP-Install-HOWTO for more information on this cable and instructions how to make your own." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:949 #, no-c-format msgid "Setting up source" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:950 #, no-c-format msgid "The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #: random-bits.xml:955 #, no-c-format msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" "\n" "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n" "# reconfigure them manually.\n" "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n" "modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7\n" "modprobe plip\n" "\n" "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n" "ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n" "\n" "# Configure gateway\n" "modprobe iptable_nat\n" "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE\n" "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:961 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing target" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:962 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert mode; enter expert at the boot prompt. If you need to set parameters for kernel modules, you also need to do this at the boot prompt. For example, to boot the installer and set values for the io and irq options for the parport_pc module, enter the following at the boot prompt: \n" "expert parport_pc.io=0x378 parport_pc.irq=7\n" " Below are the answers that should be given during various stages of the installation." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:981 #, no-c-format msgid "Load installer components from CD" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:983 #, no-c-format msgid "Select the plip-modules option from the list; this will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:991 #, no-c-format msgid "Detect network hardware" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:996 #, no-c-format msgid "If target does have a network card, a list of driver modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1005 #, no-c-format msgid "Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the plip module." msgstr "" #. Tag: guimenuitem #: random-bits.xml:1017 #, no-c-format msgid "Configure the network" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1020 #, no-c-format msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1025 #, no-c-format msgid "IP address: 192.168.0.1" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1030 #, no-c-format msgid "Point-to-point address: 192.168.0.2" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1036 #, no-c-format msgid "Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see /etc/resolv.conf)" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #: random-bits.xml:1055 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1057 #, no-c-format msgid "In some countries PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a common protocol for broadband (ADSL or cable) connections to an Internet Service Provider. Setting up a network connection using PPPoE is not supported by default in the installer, but can be made to work very simply. This section explains how." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1065 #, no-c-format msgid "The PPPoE connection set up during the installation will also be available after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1070 #, no-c-format msgid "To have the option of setting up and using PPPoE during the installation, you will need to install using one of the CD-ROM/DVD images that are available. It is not supported for other installation methods (e.g. netboot or floppy)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1077 #, no-c-format msgid "Installing over PPPoE is mostly the same as any other installation. The following steps explain the differences." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1085 #, no-c-format msgid "Boot the installer with the boot parameter modules=ppp-udeb See for information on how to add a boot parameter. . This will ensure the component responsible for the setup of PPPoE (ppp-udeb) will be loaded and run automatically." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1100 #, no-c-format msgid "Follow the regular initial steps of the installation (language, country and keyboard selection; the loading of additional installer components The ppp-udeb component is loaded as one of the additional components in this step. If you want to install at medium or low priority (expert mode), you can also manually select the ppp-udeb instead of entering the modules parameter at the boot prompt. )." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1119 #, no-c-format msgid "The next step is the detection of network hardware, in order to identify any Ethernet cards present in the system." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1125 #, no-c-format msgid "After this the actual setup of PPPoE is started. The installer will probe all the detected Ethernet interfaces in an attempt to find a PPPoE concentrator (a type of server which handles PPPoE connections)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1131 #, no-c-format msgid "It is possible that the concentrator will not to be found at the first attempt. This can happen occasionally on slow or loaded networks or with faulty servers. In most cases a second attempt to detect the concentrator will be successful; to retry, select Configure and start a PPPoE connection from the main menu of the installer." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1140 #, no-c-format msgid "After a concentrator is found, the user will be prompted to type the login information (the PPPoE username and password)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #: random-bits.xml:1146 #, no-c-format msgid "At this point the installer will use the provided information to establish the PPPoE connection. If the correct information was provided, the PPPoE connection should be configured and the installer should be able to use it to connect to the Internet and retrieve packages over it (if needed). If the login information is not correct or some error appears, the installer will stop, but the configuration can be attempted again by selecting the menu entry Configure and start a PPPoE connection." msgstr ""