# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2007-01-23 19:59+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:4
#, no-c-format
msgid "Random Bits"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:11
#, no-c-format
msgid "Linux Devices"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:12
#, no-c-format
msgid "In Linux various special files can be found under the directory <filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files and behave unlike ordinary files. The most common types of device files are for block devices and character devices. These files are an interface to the actual driver (part of the Linux kernel) which in turn accesses the hardware. Another, less common, type of device file is the named <firstterm>pipe</firstterm>. The most important device files are listed in the tables below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:27
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>fd0</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:28
#, no-c-format
msgid "First Floppy Drive"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:30
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>fd1</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:31
#, no-c-format
msgid "Second Floppy Drive"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:37
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>hda</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:38
#, no-c-format
msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:40
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>hdb</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:41
#, no-c-format
msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:43
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>hdc</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:44
#, no-c-format
msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:46
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>hdd</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:47
#, no-c-format
msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:49
#, no-c-format
msgid "hda1"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:50
#, no-c-format
msgid "First partition of the first IDE hard disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:52
#, no-c-format
msgid "hdd15"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:53
#, no-c-format
msgid "Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:59
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>sda</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:60
#, no-c-format
msgid "SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:62
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>sdb</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:63
#, no-c-format
msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:65
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>sdc</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:66
#, no-c-format
msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:68
#, no-c-format
msgid "sda1"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:69
#, no-c-format
msgid "First partition of the first SCSI hard disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:71
#, no-c-format
msgid "sdd10"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:72
#, no-c-format
msgid "Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:78
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>sr0</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:79
#, no-c-format
msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:81
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>sr1</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:82
#, no-c-format
msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:88
#, no-c-format
msgid "ttyS0"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:89
#, no-c-format
msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:91
#, no-c-format
msgid "ttyS1"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:92
#, no-c-format
msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:94
#, no-c-format
msgid "psaux"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:95
#, no-c-format
msgid "PS/2 mouse device"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:97
#, no-c-format
msgid "gpmdata"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:98
#, no-c-format
msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:104
#, no-c-format
msgid "cdrom"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:105
#, no-c-format
msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:107
#, no-c-format
msgid "mouse"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:108
#, no-c-format
msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:114
#, no-c-format
msgid "null"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:115
#, no-c-format
msgid "Anything written to this device will disappear"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: filename
#: random-bits.xml:117
#, no-c-format
msgid "zero"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:118
#, no-c-format
msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:125
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:126
#, no-c-format
msgid "The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window environment. Normally, this is a simple matter of installing <filename>gpm</filename> and the X server itself. Both should be configured to use <filename>/dev/input/mice</filename> as the mouse device. The correct mouse protocol is named <userinput>exps2</userinput> in gpm, and <userinput>ExplorerPS/2</userinput> in X. The respective configuration files are <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename> and <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:137
#, no-c-format
msgid "Certain kernel modules must be loaded in order for your mouse to work. In most cases the correct modules are autodetected, but not always for old-style serial and bus mice<footnote> <para> Serial mice usually have a 9-hole D-shaped connector; bus mice have an 8-pin round connector, not to be confused with the 6-pin round connector of a PS/2 mouse or the 4-pin round connector of an ADB mouse. </para> </footnote>, which are quite rare except on very old computers. Summary of Linux kernel modules needed for different mouse types: <informaltable><tgroup cols=\"2\"><thead> <row> <entry>Module</entry> <entry>Description</entry> </row> </thead><tbody> <row> <entry>psmouse</entry> <entry>PS/2 mice (should be autodetected)</entry> </row> <row> <entry>usbhid</entry> <entry>USB mice (should be autodetected)</entry> </row> <row> <entry>sermouse</entry> <entry>Most serial mice</entry> </row> <row> <entry>logibm</entry> <entry>Bus mouse connected to Logitech adapter card</entry> </row> <row> <entry>inport</entry> <entry>Bus mouse connected to ATI or Microsoft InPort card</entry> </row> </tbody></tgroup></informaltable> To load a mouse driver module, you can use the <command>modconf</command> command (from the package with the same name) and look in the category <userinput>kernel/drivers/input/mouse</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:184
#, no-c-format
msgid "Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:191
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# 3-button mouse emulation\n"
      "# turn on emulation\n"
      "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n"
      "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n"
      "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n"
      "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n"
      "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n"
      "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:198
#, no-c-format
msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:199
#, no-c-format
msgid "A standard installation for the i386 architecture, including all standard packages and using the default 2.6 kernel, takes up &std-system-size;MB of disk space. A minimal base installation, without the <quote>Standard system</quote> task selected, will take &base-system-size;MB."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:207
#, no-c-format
msgid "In both cases this is the actual disk space used <emphasis>after</emphasis> the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both <emphasis>during</emphasis> the installation and for normal system use."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:216
#, no-c-format
msgid "The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by adding up the numbers."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:223
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of the standard installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in <filename>/usr</filename> and in <filename>/lib</filename>; the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote> is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:237
#, no-c-format
msgid "Task"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:238
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installed size (MB)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:239
#, no-c-format
msgid "Download size (MB)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:240
#, no-c-format
msgid "Space needed to install (MB)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:246
#, no-c-format
msgid "Desktop environment"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:247
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-desktop-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:248
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-desktop-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:249
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-desktop-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:253
#, no-c-format
msgid "Laptop"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:255
#, no-c-format
msgid "There is a large overlap of the Laptop task with the Destop environment task. If you install both, the Laptop task will only require a few MB additional disk space."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:262
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-laptop-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:263
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-laptop-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:264
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-laptop-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:268
#, no-c-format
msgid "Web server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:269
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-web-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:270
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-web-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:271
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-web-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:275
#, no-c-format
msgid "Print server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:276
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-print-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:277
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-print-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:278
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-print-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:282
#, no-c-format
msgid "DNS server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:283
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-dns-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:284
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-dns-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:285
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-dns-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:289
#, no-c-format
msgid "File server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:290
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-file-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:291
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-file-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:292
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-file-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:296
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mail server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:297
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-mail-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:298
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-mail-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:299
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-mail-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:303
#, no-c-format
msgid "SQL database"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:304
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-sql-inst;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:305
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-sql-dl;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: entry
#: random-bits.xml:306
#, no-c-format
msgid "&task-sql-tot;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:312
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install the GNOME desktop environment."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:319
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command> may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:334
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:336
#, no-c-format
msgid "This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote> HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a command entered in the Debian chroot."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:348
#, no-c-format
msgid "Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian; install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation media."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:360
#, no-c-format
msgid "Getting Started"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:361
#, no-c-format
msgid "With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around 350MB of space available for a console only install, or about 1GB if you plan to install X (more if you intend to install desktop environments like GNOME or KDE)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:369
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's our example root partition): <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# mke2fs -j /dev/<replaceable>hda6</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:379
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your intended Debian swap partition): <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# mkswap /dev/<replaceable>hda5</replaceable>\n"
      "# sync; sync; sync\n"
      "# swapon /dev/<replaceable>hda5</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is referenced later below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:391
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n"
      "# mount /dev/<replaceable>hda6</replaceable> /mnt/debinst"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:394
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually before proceding with the next stage."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:404
#, no-c-format
msgid "Install <command>debootstrap</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:405
#, no-c-format
msgid "The utility used by the Debian installer, and recognized as the official way to install a Debian base system, is <command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and <command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on <classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux tools<footnote> <para> These include the GNU core utilities and commands like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> and <command>gzip</command>. </para> </footnote>. Install <command>wget</command> and <command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system, then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:435
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# mkdir work\n"
      "# cd work\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian archive (be sure to select the proper file for your architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from the <ulink url=\"http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/\"> pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install the files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:450
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n"
      "# cd /\n"
      "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:456
#, no-c-format
msgid "Run <command>debootstrap</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:457
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian archive mirror for <userinput>&archive-mirror;/debian</userinput> in the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors\"></ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:466
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at <filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:472
#, no-c-format
msgid "Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> in the <command>debootstrap</command> command: <userinput>alpha</userinput>, <userinput>amd64</userinput>, <userinput>arm</userinput>, <userinput>hppa</userinput>, <userinput>i386</userinput>, <userinput>ia64</userinput>, <userinput>m68k</userinput>, <userinput>mips</userinput>, <userinput>mipsel</userinput>, <userinput>powerpc</userinput>, <userinput>s390</userinput>, or <userinput>sparc</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:490
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n"
      "     /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:496
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configure The Base System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:497
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. <command>chroot</command> into it: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# LANG=C chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> After chrooting you may need to set the terminal definition to be compatible with the Debian base system, for example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:507
#, no-c-format
msgid "# export TERM=<replaceable>xterm-color</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:512
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mount Partitions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:513
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# editor /etc/fstab\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Here is a sample you can modify to suit: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n"
      "#\n"
      "# file system    mount point   type    options                  dump pass\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /             ext3    defaults                 0    1\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /boot         ext3    ro,nosuid,nodev          0    2\n"
      "\n"
      "/dev/XXX         none          swap    sw                       0    0\n"
      "proc             /proc         proc    defaults                 0    0\n"
      "\n"
      "/dev/fd0         /media/floppy auto    noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0    0\n"
      "/dev/cdrom       /media/cdrom  iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec      0    0\n"
      "\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /tmp          ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /var          ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /usr          ext3    rw,nodev                 0    2\n"
      "/dev/XXX         /home         ext3    rw,nosuid,nodev          0    2\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or, to mount file systems individually, use: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# mount /path   # e.g.: mount /usr\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Current Debian systems have mountpoints for removable media under <filename>/media</filename>, but keep compatibility symlinks in <filename>/</filename>. Create these as as needed, for example: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# cd /media\n"
      "# mkdir cdrom0\n"
      "# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n"
      "# cd /\n"
      "# ln -s media/cdrom\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is customary. If you didn't use <userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before continuing:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:539
#, no-c-format
msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:541
#, no-c-format
msgid "The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the chroot:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:547
#, no-c-format
msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:553
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Timezone"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:554
#, no-c-format
msgid "An option in the file <filename>/etc/default/rcS</filename> determines whether the system will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC or local time. The following command allow you to set that and choose your timezone."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:561
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# editor /etc/default/rcS\n"
      "# tzconfig"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:567
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configure Networking"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:568
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "To configure networking, edit <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> and <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Here are some simple examples from <filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "######################################################################\n"
      "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n"
      "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n"
      "# available.\n"
      "######################################################################\n"
      "\n"
      "# We always want the loopback interface.\n"
      "#\n"
      "auto lo\n"
      "iface lo inet loopback\n"
      "\n"
      "# To use dhcp:\n"
      "#\n"
      "# auto eth0\n"
      "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
      "\n"
      "# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)\n"
      "#\n"
      "# auto eth0\n"
      "# iface eth0 inet static\n"
      "#     address 192.168.0.42\n"
      "#     network 192.168.0.0\n"
      "#     netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
      "#     broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
      "#     gateway 192.168.0.1\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> A simple example <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "search hqdom.local\n"
      "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n"
      "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# echo DebianHostName &gt; /etc/hostname\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> And a basic <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> with IPv6 support: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "127.0.0.1 localhost DebianHostName\n"
      "\n"
      "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
      "::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
      "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
      "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
      "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
      "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
      "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:609
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configure Apt"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:610
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Debootstrap will have created a very basic <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> that will allow installing additional packages. However, you may want to add some additional sources, for example for source packages and security updates: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian etch main\n"
      "\n"
      "deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n"
      "deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Make sure to run <userinput>aptitude update</userinput> after you have made changes to the sources list."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:626
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configure Locales and Keyboard"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:627
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, install the <classname>locales</classname> support package and configure it. Currently the use of UTF-8 locales is recommended. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# aptitude install locales\n"
      "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> To configure your keyboard (if needed):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:637
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# aptitude install console-data\n"
      "# dpkg-reconfigure console-data"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:639
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be configured for the next reboot."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:649
#, no-c-format
msgid "Install a Kernel"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:650
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:655
#, no-c-format
msgid "# apt-cache search linux-image"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:657
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you intend to use a pre-packaged kernel, you may want to create the configuration file <filename>/etc/kernel-img.conf</filename> before you do so. Here's an example file:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:663
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# Kernel image management overrides\n"
      "# See kernel-img.conf(5) for details\n"
      "do_symlinks = yes\n"
      "relative_links = yes\n"
      "do_bootloader = yes\n"
      "do_bootfloppy = no\n"
      "do_initrd = yes\n"
      "link_in_boot = no"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:665
#, no-c-format
msgid "For detailed information about this file and the various options, consult its man page which will be available after installing the <classname>kernel-package</classname> package. We recommend that you check that the values are appropriate for your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:672
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Then install the kernel package of your choice using its package name. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# aptitude install linux-image-<replaceable>&kernelversion;-arch-etc</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you did not create a <filename>/etc/kernel-img.conf</filename> before installing a pre-packaged kernel, you may be asked some questions during its installation that refer to it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:686
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set up the Boot Loader"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:687
#, no-c-format
msgid "To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that <command>debootstrap</command> does not install a boot loader, though you can use <command>aptitude</command> inside your Debian chroot to do so."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:694
#, no-c-format
msgid "Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> or <userinput>man lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub <filename>menu.lst</filename> or <filename>lilo.conf</filename>. For <filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call <command>lilo</command> (remember it will use <filename>lilo.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:706
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Installing and setting up <classname>grub</classname> is as easy as: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# aptitude install grub\n"
      "# grub-install /dev/<replaceable>hda</replaceable>\n"
      "# update-grub\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> The second command will install <command>grub</command> (in this case in the MBR of <literal>hda</literal>). The last command will create a sane and working <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:716
#, no-c-format
msgid "Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:720
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "boot=/dev/<replaceable>hda6</replaceable>\n"
      "root=/dev/<replaceable>hda6</replaceable>\n"
      "install=menu\n"
      "delay=20\n"
      "lba32\n"
      "image=/vmlinuz\n"
      "label=Debian"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:722
#, no-c-format
msgid "Depending on which bootloader you selected, you can now make some additional changes in <filename>/etc/kernel-img.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:727
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "For the <classname>grub</classname> bootloader, you should set the <literal>do_bootloader</literal> option to <quote>no</quote>. And to automatically update your <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> on installation or removal of Debian kernels, add the following lines: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "postinst_hook = update-grub\n"
      "postrm_hook   = update-grub\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> For the <classname>lilo</classname> bootloader, the value of <literal>do_bootloader</literal> needs to remain <quote>yes</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:739
#, no-c-format
msgid "Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing <filename>yaboot.conf</filename>. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:749
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an example: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "boot=/dev/hda2\n"
      "device=hd:\n"
      "partition=6\n"
      "root=/dev/hda6\n"
      "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n"
      "timeout=50\n"
      "image=/vmlinux\n"
      "label=Debian\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput> instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:762
#, no-c-format
msgid "Finishing touches"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:763
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "As mentioned earlier, the installed system will be very basic. If you would like to make the system a bit more mature, there is an easy method to install all packages with <quote>standard</quote> priority: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "# tasksel install standard\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Of course, you can also just use <command>aptitude</command> to install packages individually."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:774
#, no-c-format
msgid "After the installation there will be a lot of downloaded packages in <filename>/var/cache/apt/archives/</filename>. You can free up some diskspace by running:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:780
#, no-c-format
msgid "# aptitude clean"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:791
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing &debian; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:793
#, no-c-format
msgid "This section explains how to install &debian; on a computer without an Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be connected to a network that has a Debian mirror on it (e.g. to the Internet)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:801
#, no-c-format
msgid "In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be unused within your network address space)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:809
#, no-c-format
msgid "The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available after the reboot into the installed system (see <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:814
#, no-c-format
msgid "Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target systems. The most common values are <literal>io=0x378</literal>, <literal>irq=7</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:824
#, no-c-format
msgid "Requirements"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:827
#, no-c-format
msgid "A target computer, called <emphasis>target</emphasis>, where Debian will be installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:833
#, no-c-format
msgid "System installation media; see <xref linkend=\"installation-media\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:838
#, no-c-format
msgid "Another computer connected to the Internet, called <emphasis>source</emphasis>, that will function as the gateway."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:844
#, no-c-format
msgid "A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the <ulink url=\"&url-plip-install-howto;\">PLIP-Install-HOWTO</ulink> for more information on this cable and instructions how to make your own."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:856
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting up source"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:857
#, no-c-format
msgid "The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: random-bits.xml:862
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "#!/bin/sh\n"
      "\n"
      "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n"
      "# reconfigure them manually.\n"
      "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n"
      "modprobe parport_pc io=<replaceable>0x378</replaceable> irq=<replaceable>7</replaceable>\n"
      "modprobe plip\n"
      "\n"
      "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n"
      "ifconfig <replaceable>plip0 192.168.0.2</replaceable> pointopoint <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n"
      "\n"
      "# Configure gateway\n"
      "modprobe iptable_nat\n"
      "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o <replaceable>ppp0</replaceable> -j MASQUERADE\n"
      "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:868
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing target"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:869
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert mode; enter <userinput>expert</userinput> at the boot prompt. If you need to set parameters for kernel modules, you also need to do this at the boot prompt. For example, to boot the installer and set values for the <quote>io</quote> and <quote>irq</quote> options for the parport_pc module, enter the following at the boot prompt: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "expert parport_pc.io=<replaceable>0x378</replaceable> parport_pc.irq=<replaceable>7</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Below are the answers that should be given during various stages of the installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: random-bits.xml:888
#, no-c-format
msgid "Load installer components from CD"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:890
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select the <userinput>plip-modules</userinput> option from the list; this will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: random-bits.xml:898
#, no-c-format
msgid "Detect network hardware"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:903
#, no-c-format
msgid "If target <emphasis>does</emphasis> have a network card, a list of driver modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:912
#, no-c-format
msgid "Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the <userinput>plip</userinput> module."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: guimenuitem
#: random-bits.xml:924
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configure the network"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:927
#, no-c-format
msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:932
#, no-c-format
msgid "IP address: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:937
#, no-c-format
msgid "Point-to-point address: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:943
#, no-c-format
msgid "Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:962
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Graphical Installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:963
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical version of the installer is only available for a limited number of architectures, including &arch-title;. The functionality of the graphical installer is essentially the same as that of the regular installer as it basically uses the same programs, but with a different frontend."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:971
#, no-c-format
msgid "Although the functionality is identical, the graphical installer still has a few significant advantages. The main advantage is that it supports more languages, namely those that use a character set that cannot be displayed with the regular <quote>newt</quote> frontend. It also has a few usability advantages such as the option to use a mouse, and in some cases several questions can be displayed on a single screen."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:980
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical installer is available with all CD images and with the hd-media installation method. As the graphical installer uses a separate (much larger) initrd than the regular installer, it has to be booted using <userinput>installgui</userinput> instead of <userinput>install</userinput>. Analogous, the expert and rescue modes are booted using <userinput>expertgui</userinput> and <userinput>rescuegui</userinput> respectively."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:990
#, no-c-format
msgid "It is also available as a special <quote>mini</quote> ISO image<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso\"> <para> The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a Debian mirror as described in <xref linkend=\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for <quote>gtk-miniiso</quote>. </para> </footnote>, which is mainly useful for testing; in this case the image is booted just using <userinput>install</userinput>. There is no graphical installer image that can be netbooted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1004
#, no-c-format
msgid "For &arch-title;, currently only an experimental <quote>mini</quote> ISO image is available<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso\"> <para> The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a Debian mirror as described in <xref linkend=\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for <quote>gtk-miniiso</quote>. </para> </footnote>. It should work on almost all PowerPC systems that have an ATI graphical card, but is unlikely to work on other systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1017
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical installer requires significantly more memory to run than the regular installer: &minimum-memory-gtk;. If insufficient memory is available, it will automatically fall back to the regular <quote>newt</quote> frontend."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1024
#, no-c-format
msgid "You can add boot parameters when starting the graphical installer, just as with the regular installer. One of those parameters allows you to configure the mouse for left-handed use. See <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/> for valid parameters."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:1034
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using the graphical installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1035
#, no-c-format
msgid "As already mentioned, the graphical installer basically works the same as the regular installer and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide you through the installation process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1041
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection of countries within continents), you can use the <keycap>+</keycap> and <keycap>-</keycap> keys. For questions where more than one item can be selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the <guibutton>Continue</guibutton> button after making your selections; hitting enter will toggle a selection, not activate <guibutton>Continue</guibutton>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1051
#, no-c-format
msgid "To switch to another console, you will also need to use the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT1 you would use: <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F1</keycap> </keycombo>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: random-bits.xml:1062
#, no-c-format
msgid "Known issues"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1063
#, no-c-format
msgid "Etch is the first release that includes the graphical installer and uses some relatively new technology. There are a few known issues that you may run into during the installation. We expect to be able to fix these issues for the next release of &debian;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1073
#, no-c-format
msgid "Information on some screens is not nicely formatted into columns as it should be. The most obvious example is the first screen where you select your language. Another example is the main screen of partman."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1080
#, no-c-format
msgid "Typing some characters may not work and in some cases the wrong character may be printed. For example, \"composing\" a character by typing an accent and then the letter over/under which the accent should appear does not work."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1087
#, no-c-format
msgid "Support for touchpads is not yet optimal."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1092
#, no-c-format
msgid "You should not switch to a different console while the installer is busy; this may cause the frontend to crash. The frontend will be restarted automatically, but this may still cause problems with the installation. Switching to another console while the installer is waiting for input should work without causing any problems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: random-bits.xml:1101
#, no-c-format
msgid "Support for creating encrypted partitions is limited as it is not possible to generate a random encryption key. It is possible to set up an encrypted partition using a passphrase as encryption key."
msgstr ""