# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-04 18:16+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:4
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting the Installation System"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:9
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting the Installer on &arch-title;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:15
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have any other operating systems on your system that you wish to keep (dual boot setup), you should make sure that they have been properly shut down <emphasis>before</emphasis> you boot the installer. Installing an operating system while another operating system is in hibernation (has been suspended to disk) could result in loss of, or damage to the state of the suspended operating system which could cause problems when it is rebooted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:26
#, no-c-format
msgid "For information on how to boot the graphical installer, see <xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:39
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot image formats"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:40
#, no-c-format
msgid "On ARM-based systems in most cases one of two formats for boot images is used: a) standard Linux zImage-format kernels (<quote>vmlinuz</quote>) in conjunction with standard Linux initial ramdisks (<quote>initrd.gz</quote>) or b) uImage-format kernels (<quote>uImage</quote>) in conjunction with corresponding initial ramdisks (<quote>uInitrd</quote>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:48
#, no-c-format
msgid "uImage/uInitrd are image formats designed for the U-Boot firmware that is used on many ARM-based systems (mostly 32-bit ones). Older U-Boot versions can only boot files in uImage/uInitrd format, so these are often used on older armel systems. Newer U-Boot versions can - besides booting uImages/uInitrds - also boot standard Linux kernels and ramdisk images, but the command syntax to do that is slightly different from that for booting uImages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:57
#, no-c-format
msgid "For systems using a multiplatform kernel, besides kernel and initial ramdisk a so-called device-tree file (or device-tree blob, <quote>dtb</quote>) is needed. It is specific to each supported system and contains a description of the particular hardware. The dtb should be supplied on the device by the firmware, but in practice a newer one often needs to be loaded."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:68 boot-installer.xml:86
#, no-c-format
msgid "Console configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:69
#, no-c-format
msgid "The netboot tarball (<xref linkend=\"boot-armhf-netboot.tar.gz\"/>), and the installer SD-card images (<xref linkend=\"boot-installer-sd-image\"/>) use the (platform-specific) default console that is defined by U-Boot in the <quote>console</quote> variable. In most cases that is a serial console, so on those platforms you by default need a serial console cable to use the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:78
#, no-c-format
msgid "On platforms which also support a video console, you can modify the U-Boot <quote>console</quote> variable accordingly if you would like the installer to start on the video console."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:87
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical installer is not enabled on the arm64 &d-i; images for jessie so the serial console is used. The console device should be detected automatically from the firmware, but if it is not then after you boot linux from the GRUB menu you will see a 'Booting Linux' message then nothing more."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:94
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you hit this issue you will need to set a specific console config on the kernel command line. Hit <userinput>e</userinput> for 'Edit Kernel command-line' at the GRUB menu, and change <informalexample><screen>--- quiet</screen></informalexample> to <informalexample><screen>console=&lt;device&gt;,&lt;speed&gt;</screen></informalexample> e.g. <informalexample><screen>console=ttyAMA0,115200n8</screen></informalexample> When finished hit <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>x</keycap></keycombo> to continue booting with new setting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:108
#, no-c-format
msgid "Juno Installation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:109
#, no-c-format
msgid "Juno has UEFI so the install is straightforward. The most practical method is installing from USB stick. You need up to date firmware for USB-booting to work. Builds from <ulink url=\"&url-juno-firmware;\">&url-juno-firmware;</ulink> after March 2015 tested OK. Consult Juno documentation on firmware updating."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:116
#, no-c-format
msgid "Prepare a standard arm64 CD image on a USB stick. Insert it in one of the USB ports on the back. Plug a serial cable into the upper 9-pin serial port on the back. If you need networking (netboot image) plug the ethernet cable into the socket on the front of the machine."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:123
#, no-c-format
msgid "Run a serial console at 115200, 8bit no parity, and boot the Juno. It should boot from the USB stick to a GRUB menu. The console config is not correctly detected on Juno so just hitting return will show no kernel output. Set the console to <informalexample><screen>console=ttyAMA0,115200n8</screen></informalexample> as described in (<xref linkend=\"arm64-console-setup\"/>). <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>x</keycap></keycombo> to boot should show you the &d-i; screens, and allow you to proceed with a standard installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:136
#, no-c-format
msgid "Applied Micro Mustang Installation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:137
#, no-c-format
msgid "UEFI is available for this machine but it is normally shipped with U-Boot so you will need to either install UEFI firmware first then use standard boot/install methods, or use U-Boot boot methods. Also USB is not supported in the jessie kernel so installing from a USB stick does not work. You must use a serial console to control the installation because the graphical installer is not enabled on the arm64 architecture."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:146
#, no-c-format
msgid "The recommended install method is to copy the &d-i; kernel and initrd onto the hard drive, using the openembedded system supplied with the machine, then boot from that to run the installer. Alternatively use TFTP to get the kernel/dtb/initrd copied over and booted (<xref linkend=\"boot-tftp-uboot\"/>). After installation, manual changes to boot from the installed image are needed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:155
#, no-c-format
msgid "Run a serial console at 115200, 8bit no parity, and boot the machine. Reboot the machine and when you see \"Hit any key to stop autoboot:\" hit a key to get a Mustang# prompt. Then use U-Boot commands to load and boot the kernel, dtb and initrd."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:164
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting by TFTP"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:170 boot-installer.xml:832 boot-installer.xml:1467 boot-installer.xml:1651 boot-installer.xml:1973 boot-installer.xml:2121
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from the network requires that you have a network connection and a TFTP network boot server (and probably also a DHCP, RARP, or BOOTP server for automatic network configuration)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:176 boot-installer.xml:838 boot-installer.xml:1473 boot-installer.xml:1657 boot-installer.xml:1979 boot-installer.xml:2127
#, no-c-format
msgid "Older systems such as the 715 might require the use of an RBOOT server instead of a BOOTP server."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:181 boot-installer.xml:843 boot-installer.xml:1478 boot-installer.xml:1662 boot-installer.xml:1984 boot-installer.xml:2132
#, no-c-format
msgid "The server-side setup to support network booting is described in <xref linkend=\"install-tftp\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:190
#, no-c-format
msgid "TFTP-booting in U-Boot"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:191
#, no-c-format
msgid "Network booting on systems using the U-Boot firmware consists of three steps: a) configuring the network, b) loading the images (kernel/initial ramdisk/dtb) into memory and c) actually executing the previosly loaded code."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:197
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "First you have to configure the network, either automatically via DHCP by running <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "setenv autoload no\n"
      "dhcp\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> or manually by setting several environment variables <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "setenv ipaddr &lt;ip address of the client&gt;\n"
      "setenv netmask &lt;netmask&gt;\n"
      "setenv serverip &lt;ip address of the tftp server&gt;\n"
      "setenv dnsip &lt;ip address of the nameserver&gt;\n"
      "setenv gatewayip &lt;ip address of the default gateway&gt;\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you prefer, you can make these settings permanent by running"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:204
#, no-c-format
msgid "saveenv"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:206
#, no-c-format
msgid "Afterwards you need to load the images (kernel/initial ramdisk/dtb) into memory. This is done with the tftpboot command, which has to be provided with the address at which the image shall be stored in memory. Unfortunately the memory map can vary from system to system, so there is no general rule which addresses can be used for this."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:214
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "On some systems, U-Boot predefines a set of environment variables with suitable load addresses: kernel_addr_r, ramdisk_addr_r and fdt_addr_r. You can check whether they are defined by running <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "printenv kernel_addr_r ramdisk_addr_r fdt_addr_r\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If they are not defined, you have to check your system's documentation for appropriate values and set them manually. For systems based on Allwinner SunXi SOCs (e.g. the Allwinner A10, architecture name <quote>sun4i</quote> or the Allwinner A20, architecture name <quote>sun7i</quote>), you can e.g. use the follwing values:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:225
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "setenv kernel_addr_r 0x46000000\n"
      "setenv fdt_addr_r 0x47000000\n"
      "setenv ramdisk_addr_r 0x48000000"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:227
#, no-c-format
msgid "When the load addresses are defined, you can load the images into memory from the previously defined tftp server with"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:230
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "tftpboot ${kernel_addr_r} &lt;filename of the kernel image&gt;\n"
      "tftpboot ${fdt_addr_r} &lt;filename of the dtb&gt;\n"
      "tftpboot ${ramdisk_addr_r} &lt;filename of the initial ramdisk image&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:232
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "The third part is setting the kernel commandline and actually executing the loaded code. U-Boot passes the content of the <quote>bootargs</quote> environment variable as commandline to the kernel, so any parameters for the kernel and the installer - such as the console device (see <xref linkend=\"boot-console\"/>) or preseeding options (see <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/> and <xref linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>) - can be set with a command like <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 rootwait panic=10\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> The exact command to execute the previously loaded code depends on the image format used. With uImage/uInitrd, the command is <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "bootm ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> and with native Linux images it is"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:245
#, no-c-format
msgid "bootz ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:247
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note: When booting standard linux images, it is important to load the initial ramdisk image after the kernel and the dtb as U-Boot sets the filesize variable to the size of the last file loaded and the bootz command requires the size of the ramdisk image to work correctly. In case of booting a platform-specific kernel, i.e. a kernel without device-tree, simply omit the ${fdt_addr_r} parameter."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:258
#, no-c-format
msgid "Pre-built netboot tarball"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:259
#, no-c-format
msgid "&debian; provides a pre-built tarball (&armmp-netboot-tarball;) that can simply be unpacked on your tftp server and contains all files necessary for netbooting. It also includes a boot script that automates all steps to load the installer. Modern U-Boot versions contain a tftp autoboot feature that becomes active if there is no bootable local storage device (MMC/SD, USB, IDE/SATA/SCSI) and then loads this boot script from the tftp server. Prerequisite for using this feature is that you have a dhcp server in your network which provides the client with the address of the tftp server."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:271
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you would like to trigger the tftp autoboot feature from the U-Boot commandline, you can use the follwing command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:274
#, no-c-format
msgid "run bootcmd_dhcp"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:276
#, no-c-format
msgid "To manually load the bootscript provided by the tarball, you can alternatively issue the following commands at the U-Boot prompt:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:280
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "setenv autoload no\n"
      "dhcp\n"
      "tftpboot ${scriptaddr} /debian-installer/armhf/tftpboot.scr\n"
      "source ${scriptaddr}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:288
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from USB Memory Stick with UEFI"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:294 boot-installer.xml:553
#, no-c-format
msgid "If your computer will boot from USB, this will probably be the easiest route for installation. Assuming you have prepared everything from <xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select\"/> and <xref linkend=\"boot-usb-files\"/>, just plug your USB stick into some free USB connector and reboot the computer. The system should boot up, and unless you have used the flexible way to build the stick and not enabled it, you should be presented with a graphical boot menu (on hardware that supports it). Here you can select various installer options, or just hit &enterkey;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:310
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from a USB stick in U-Boot"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:311
#, no-c-format
msgid "Many modern U-Boot versions have USB support and allow booting from USB mass storage devices such as USB sticks. Unfortunately the exact steps required to do that can vary quite a bit from device to device."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:318
#, no-c-format
msgid "U-Boot v2014.10 has introduced a common commandline handling and autoboot framework. This allows building generic boot images that work on any system implementing this framework. The &d-i; supports installation from a USB stick on such systems, but unfortunately not all platforms have adopted this new framework yet."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:327
#, no-c-format
msgid "To build a bootable USB stick for installing &debian;, unpack the hd-media tarball (see <xref linkend=\"where-files\"/>) onto a USB stick formatted with a filesystem supported by the U-Boot version on your device. For modern U-Boot versions, any of FAT16 / FAT32 / ext2 / ext3 / ext4 usually works. Then copy the ISO image file of the first &debian; installation CD or DVD onto the stick."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:337
#, no-c-format
msgid "The autoboot framework in modern U-Boot versions works similar to the boot ordering options in a PC BIOS, i.e. it checks a list of possible boot devices for a valid boot image and starts the first one it finds. If there is no operating system installed, plugging in the USB stick and powering up the system should result in starting the installer. You can also initiate the USB-boot process any time from the U-Boot prompt by entering the <quote>run bootcmd_usb0</quote> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:347
#, no-c-format
msgid "One problem that can come up when booting from a USB stick while using a serial console can be a console baudrate mismatch. If a console variable is defined in U-Boot, the &d-i; boot script automatically passes it to the kernel to set the primary console device and, if applicable, the console baudrate. Unfortunately the handling of the console variable varies from platform to platform - on some platforms, the console variable includes the baudrate (as in <quote>console=ttyS0,115200</quote>), while on other platforms the console variable contains only the device (as in <quote>console=ttyS0</quote>). The latter case leads to a garbled console output when the default baudrate differs between U-Boot and the kernel. Modern U-Boot versions often use 115200 baud while the kernel still defaults to the traditional 9600 baud. If this happens, you should manually set the console variable to contain the correct baudrate for your system and then start the installer with the <quote>run bootcmd_usb0</quote> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:368
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using pre-built SD-card images with the installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:369
#, no-c-format
msgid "For a number of systems, Debian provides SD card images that contain both U-Boot and the &d-i;. These images are provided in two variants - one for downloading the software packages over the network (available at &armmp-netboot-sd-img;) and one for offline installations using a Debian CD/DVD (available at &armmp-hd-media-sd-img;). To save space and network bandwidth, the images consist of two parts - a system-dependent part named <quote>firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;.img.gz</quote>, and a system-independent part named <quote>partition.img.gz</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:380
#, no-c-format
msgid "To create a complete image from the two parts on Linux systems, you can use zcat as follows: <informalexample><screen>zcat firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;.img.gz partition.img.gz > complete_image.img</screen></informalexample> On Windows systems, you have to first decompress the two parts separately, which can be done e.g. by using 7-Zip, and then concatenate the decompressed parts together by running the command <informalexample><screen>copy /b firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;.img + partition.img complete_image.img</screen></informalexample> in a Windows CMD.exe window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:394
#, no-c-format
msgid "Write the resulting image onto an SD card, e.g. by running the following command on a Linux system: <informalexample><screen>cat complete_image.img > /dev/SD_CARD_DEVICE</screen></informalexample> After plugging the SD card into the target system and powering the system up, the installer is loaded from the SD card. If you use the hd-media variant for offline installations, you must provide the installer with access to the first &debian; CD/DVD on a separate medium, which can e.g. be a CD/DVD ISO image on a USB stick."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:406
#, no-c-format
msgid "When you come to the partitioning step in the installer (see <xref linkend=\"di-partition\"/>), you can delete or replace any previous partitions on the card. Once the installer is started, it runs completely in the system's main memory and does not need to access the SD card anymore, so you can use the full card for installing &debian;. The easiest way to create a proper partition layout on the SD card is to let the installer automatically create one for you (see <xref linkend=\"partman-auto\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:547
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from USB Memory Stick"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:568 boot-installer.xml:1081 boot-installer.xml:1737 boot-installer.xml:2155
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from a CD-ROM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:574 boot-installer.xml:1087 boot-installer.xml:1743 boot-installer.xml:2161
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have a CD set, and if your machine supports booting directly off the CD, great! Simply <phrase arch=\"x86\"> configure your system for booting off a CD as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select\"/>, </phrase> insert your CD, reboot, and proceed to the next chapter."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:584 boot-installer.xml:1097 boot-installer.xml:1753 boot-installer.xml:2171
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that certain CD drives may require special drivers, and thus be inaccessible in the early installation stages. If it turns out the standard way of booting off a CD doesn't work for your hardware, revisit this chapter and read about alternate kernels and installation methods which may work for you."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:592 boot-installer.xml:1105 boot-installer.xml:1761 boot-installer.xml:2179
#, no-c-format
msgid "Even if you cannot boot from CD-ROM, you can probably install the &debian; system components and any packages you want from CD-ROM. Simply boot using a different medium and when it's time to install the operating system, base system, and any additional packages, point the installation system at the CD-ROM drive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:600 boot-installer.xml:1113 boot-installer.xml:1769 boot-installer.xml:2187
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have problems booting, see <xref linkend=\"boot-troubleshooting\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:610
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from Windows"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:611
#, no-c-format
msgid "To start the installer from Windows, you can either"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:616
#, no-c-format
msgid "obtain CD-ROM/DVD-ROM<phrase condition=\"bootable-usb\"> or USB memory stick</phrase> installation media as described in <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/><phrase condition=\"bootable-usb\"> respective <xref linkend=\"boot-usb-files\"/></phrase> or"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:624
#, no-c-format
msgid "download a standalone Windows executable, which is available as tools/win32-loader/stable/win32-loader.exe on the &debian; mirrors."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:632
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you use an installation CD or DVD, a pre-installation program should be launched automatically when you insert the disc. In case Windows does not start it automatically, or if you are using a USB memory stick, you can run it manually by accessing the device and executing <command>setup.exe</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:640
#, no-c-format
msgid "After the program has been started, a few preliminary questions will be asked and the system will be prepared to reboot into the &debian-gnu; installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:650
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from DOS using loadlin"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:651
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot into DOS (not Windows). To do this, you can for instance boot from a recovery or diagnostic disk."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:656
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "If you can access the installation CD, change the current drive to the CD-ROM drive, e.g. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "d:\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> else make sure you have first prepared your hard disk as explained in <xref linkend=\"files-loadlin\"/>, and change the current drive to it if needed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:666
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Enter the subdirectory for the flavor you chose, e.g., <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "cd \\&x86-install-dir;\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you prefer using the graphical installer, enter the <filename>gtk</filename> sub-directory. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "cd gtk\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Next, execute <command>install.bat</command>. The kernel will load and launch the installer system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:684
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from Linux using <command>LILO</command> or <command>GRUB</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:687
#, no-c-format
msgid "To boot the installer from hard disk, you must first download and place the needed files as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-drive-files\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:692
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you intend to use the hard drive only for booting and then download everything over the network, you should download the <filename>netboot/debian-installer/&architecture;/initrd.gz</filename> file and its corresponding kernel <filename>netboot/debian-installer/&architecture;/linux</filename>. This will allow you to repartition the hard disk from which you boot the installer, although you should do so with care."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:702
#, no-c-format
msgid "Alternatively, if you intend to keep an existing partition on the hard drive unchanged during the install, you can download the <filename>hd-media/initrd.gz</filename> file and its kernel, as well as copy a CD (or DVD) iso to the drive (make sure the file is named ending in <literal>.iso</literal>). The installer can then boot from the drive and install from the CD/DVD image, without needing the network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:711
#, no-c-format
msgid "For <command>LILO</command>, you will need to configure two essential things in <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> to load the <filename>initrd.gz</filename> installer at boot time; </para></listitem> <listitem><para> have the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> kernel use a RAM disk as its root partition. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> Here is a <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:732
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "image=/boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
      "       label=newinstall\n"
      "       initrd=/boot/newinstall/initrd.gz"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:732
#, no-c-format
msgid "For more details, refer to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>initrd</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lilo.conf</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages. Now run <userinput>lilo</userinput> and reboot."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:741
#, no-c-format
msgid "The procedure for <command>GRUB1</command> is quite similar. Locate your <filename>menu.lst</filename> in the <filename>/boot/grub/</filename> directory (or sometimes <filename>/boot/boot/grub/</filename>) and add an entry for the installer, for example (assuming <filename>/boot</filename> is on the first partition of the first disk in the system):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:749
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "title  New Install\n"
      "root   (hd0,0)\n"
      "kernel /boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
      "initrd /boot/newinstall/initrd.gz"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:751
#, no-c-format
msgid "The procedure for <command>GRUB2</command> is very similar. The file is named <filename>grub.cfg</filename> instead of <filename>menu.lst</filename>. An entry for the installer would be for instance for example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:757
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "menuentry 'New Install' {\n"
      "insmod part_msdos\n"
      "insmod ext2\n"
      "set root='(hd0,msdos1)'\n"
      "linux /boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
      "initrd /boot/newinstall/initrd.gz\n"
      "}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:759
#, no-c-format
msgid "From here on, there should be no difference between <command>GRUB</command> or <command>LILO</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:768 boot-installer.xml:2023
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from Floppies"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:769 boot-installer.xml:2031
#, no-c-format
msgid "You will have already downloaded the floppy images you needed and created floppies from the images in <xref linkend=\"create-floppy\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:776
#, no-c-format
msgid "To boot from the installer boot floppy, place it in the primary floppy drive, shut down the system as you normally would, then turn it back on."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:782
#, no-c-format
msgid "For installing from an LS-120 drive (ATAPI version) with a set of floppies, you need to specify the virtual location for the floppy device. This is done with the <emphasis>root=</emphasis> boot argument, giving the device that the ide-floppy driver maps the device to. For example, if your LS-120 drive is connected as the first IDE device (master) on the second cable, you enter <userinput>install root=/dev/hdc</userinput> at the boot prompt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:792
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that on some machines, <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo> does not properly reset the machine, so a <quote>hard</quote> reboot is recommended. If you are installing from an existing operating system (e.g., from a DOS box) you don't have a choice. Otherwise, please do a hard reboot when booting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:801
#, no-c-format
msgid "The floppy disk will be accessed, and you should then see a screen that introduces the boot floppy and ends with the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:807
#, no-c-format
msgid "Once you press &enterkey;, you should see the message <computeroutput>Loading...</computeroutput>, followed by <computeroutput>Uncompressing Linux...</computeroutput>, and then a screenfull or so of information about the hardware in your system. More information on this phase of the boot process can be found below in <xref linkend=\"kernel-msgs\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:816
#, no-c-format
msgid "After booting from the boot floppy, the root floppy is requested. Insert the root floppy and press &enterkey;, and the contents are loaded into memory. The installer program <command>debian-installer</command> is automatically launched."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:826 boot-installer.xml:1449 boot-installer.xml:1591 boot-installer.xml:1645 boot-installer.xml:1967 boot-installer.xml:2115
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting with TFTP"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:851
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are various ways to do a TFTP boot on i386."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:857
#, no-c-format
msgid "NIC or Motherboard that support PXE"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:858
#, no-c-format
msgid "It could be that your Network Interface Card or Motherboard provides PXE boot functionality. This is a <trademark class=\"trade\">Intel</trademark> re-implementation of TFTP boot. If so, you may be able to configure your BIOS to boot from the network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:869
#, no-c-format
msgid "NIC with Network BootROM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:870
#, no-c-format
msgid "It could be that your Network Interface Card provides TFTP boot functionality."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:875
#, no-c-format
msgid "Let us (<email>&email-debian-boot-list;</email>) know how did you manage it. Please refer to this document."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:883
#, no-c-format
msgid "Etherboot"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:884
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <ulink url=\"http://www.etherboot.org\">etherboot project</ulink> provides bootdiskettes and even bootroms that do a TFTPboot."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:894
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Boot Screen"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:895
#, no-c-format
msgid "When the installer boots, you should be presented with a friendly graphical screen showing the &debian; logo and a menu:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:900
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Installer boot menu\n"
      "\n"
      "Install\n"
      "Graphical install\n"
      "Advanced options             >\n"
      "Help\n"
      "Install with speech synthesis"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:904
#, no-c-format
msgid "This graphical screen will look very slightly different depending on how your computer has booted (BIOS or UEFI), but the same options will be shown."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:912
#, no-c-format
msgid "Depending on the installation method you are using, the <quote>Graphical install</quote> option may not be available. Bi-arch images additionally have a 64 bit variant for each install option, right below it, thus almost doubling the number of options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:919
#, no-c-format
msgid "For a normal installation, select either the <quote>Graphical install</quote> or the <quote>Install</quote> entry &mdash; using either the arrow keys on your keyboard or by typing the first (highlighted) letter &mdash; and press &enterkey; to boot the installer. The <quote>Install</quote> entry is already selected by default."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:927
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <quote>Advanced options</quote> entry gives access to a second menu that allows to boot the installer in expert mode, in rescue mode and for automated installs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:933
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you wish or need to add any boot parameters for either the installer or the kernel, press &tabkey; (BIOS boot) or &ekey; (UEFI boot). This will display the boot command for the selected menu entry and allow you to edit it to suit your needs. The help screens (see below) list some common possible options. Press &enterkey; (BIOS boot) or &f10key; (UEFI boot) to boot the installer with your options; pressing &escapekey; will return you to the boot menu and undo any changes you made."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:944
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Choosing the <quote>Help</quote> entry will result in the first help screen being displayed which gives an overview of all available help screens. To return to the boot menu after the help screens have been displayed, type 'menu' at the boot prompt and press &enterkey;. All help screens have a boot prompt at which the boot command can be typed: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "Press F1 for the help index, or ENTER to boot:\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> At this boot prompt you can either just press &enterkey; to boot the installer with default options or enter a specific boot command and, optionally, boot parameters. A number of boot parameters which might be useful can be found on the various help screens. If you do add any parameters to the boot command line, be sure to first type the boot method (the default is <userinput>install</userinput>) and a space before the first parameter (e.g., <userinput>install fb=false</userinput>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:962
#, no-c-format
msgid "The keyboard is assumed to have a default American English layout at this point. This means that if your keyboard has a different (language-specific) layout, the characters that appear on the screen may be different from what you'd expect when you type parameters. Wikipedia has a <ulink url=\"&url-us-keymap;\">schema of the US keyboard layout</ulink> which can be used as a reference to find the correct keys to use."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:972
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you are using a system that has the BIOS configured to use serial console, you may not be able to see the initial graphical splash screen upon booting the installer; you may even not see the boot menu. The same can happen if you are installing the system via a remote management device that provides a text interface to the VGA console. Examples of these devices include the text console of Compaq's <quote>integrated Lights Out</quote> (iLO) and HP's <quote>Integrated Remote Assistant</quote> (IRA)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:982
#, no-c-format
msgid "To bypass the graphical boot screen you can either blindly press &escapekey; to get a text boot prompt, or (equally blindly) press <quote>H</quote> followed by &enterkey; to select the <quote>Help</quote> option described above. After that your keystrokes should be echoed at the prompt. To prevent the installer from using the framebuffer for the rest of the installation, you will also want to add <userinput>vga=normal fb=false</userinput> to the boot prompt, as described in the help text."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:998
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Graphical Installer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:999
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical version of the installer is only available for a limited number of architectures, including &arch-title;. The functionality of the graphical installer is essentially the same as that of the text-based installer as it basically uses the same programs, but with a different frontend."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1007
#, no-c-format
msgid "Although the functionality is identical, the graphical installer still has a few significant advantages. The main advantage is that it supports more languages, namely those that use a character set that cannot be displayed with the text-based <quote>newt</quote> frontend. It also has a few usability advantages such as the option to use a mouse, and in some cases several questions can be displayed on a single screen."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1016
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical installer is available with all CD images and with the hd-media installation method. To boot the graphical installer simply select the relevant option from the boot menu. Expert and rescue mode for the graphical installer can be selected from the <quote>Advanced options</quote> menu. The previously used boot methods <userinput>installgui</userinput>, <userinput>expertgui</userinput> and <userinput>rescuegui</userinput> can still be used from the boot prompt which is shown after selecting the <quote>Help</quote> option in the boot menu."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1027
#, no-c-format
msgid "There is also a graphical installer image that can be netbooted. And there is a special <quote>mini</quote> ISO image<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso\"> <para> The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a &debian; mirror as described in <xref linkend=\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for <filename>netboot/gtk/mini.iso</filename>. </para> </footnote>, which is mainly useful for testing."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1040
#, no-c-format
msgid "For &arch-title;, currently only an experimental <quote>mini</quote> ISO image is available<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso\"> <para> The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a &debian; mirror as described in <xref linkend=\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for <filename>netboot/gtk/mini.iso</filename>. </para> </footnote>. It should work on almost all PowerPC systems that have an ATI graphical card, but is unlikely to work on other systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1054
#, no-c-format
msgid "Just as with the text-based installer it is possible to add boot parameters when starting the graphical installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1060
#, no-c-format
msgid "The graphical installer requires significantly more memory to run than the text-based installer: &minimum-memory-gtk;. If insufficient memory is available, it will automatically fall back to the text-based <quote>newt</quote> frontend."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1067
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the amount of memory in your system is below &minimum-memory;, the graphical installer may fail to boot at all while booting the text-based installer would still work. Using the text-based installer is recommended for systems with little available memory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1121
#, no-c-format
msgid "CD Contents"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1123
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are three basic variations of &debian; Install CDs. The <emphasis>Business Card</emphasis> CD has a minimal installation that will fit on the small form factor CD media. It requires a network connection in order to install the rest of the base installation and make a usable system. The <emphasis>Network Install</emphasis> CD has all of the packages for a base install but requires a network connection to a &debian; mirror site in order to install the extra packages one would want for a complete system . The set of &debian; CDs can install a complete system from the wide range of packages without needing access to the network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1139
#, no-c-format
msgid "The IA-64 architecture uses the next generation Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) from Intel. Unlike the traditional x86 BIOS which knows little about the boot device other than the partition table and Master Boot Record (MBR), EFI can read and write files from FAT16 or FAT32 formatted disk partitions. This simplifies the often arcane process of starting a system. The system boot loader and the EFI firmware that supports it have a full filesystem to store the files necessary for booting the machine. This means that the system disk on an IA-64 system has an additional disk partition dedicated to EFI instead of the simple MBR or boot block on more conventional systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1155
#, no-c-format
msgid "The &debian; Installer CD contains a small EFI partition where the <command>ELILO</command> bootloader, its configuration file, the installer's kernel, and initial filesystem (initrd) are located. The running system also contains an EFI partition where the necessary files for booting the system reside. These files are readable from the EFI Shell as described below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1164
#, no-c-format
msgid "Most of the details of how <command>ELILO</command> actually loads and starts a system are transparent to the system installer. However, the installer must set up an EFI partition prior to installing the base system. Otherwise, the installation of <command>ELILO</command> will fail, rendering the system un-bootable. The EFI partition is allocated and formatted in the partitioning step of the installation prior to loading any packages on the system disk. The partitioning task also verifies that a suitable EFI partition is present before allowing the installation to proceed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1176
#, no-c-format
msgid "The EFI Boot Manager is presented as the last step of the firmware initialization. It displays a menu list from which the user can select an option. Depending on the model of system and what other software has been loaded on the system, this menu may be different from one system to another. There should be at least two menu items displayed, <command>Boot Option Maintenance Menu</command> and <command>EFI Shell (Built-in)</command>. Using the first option is preferred, however, if that option is not available or the CD for some reason does not boot with it, use the second option."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1195
#, no-c-format
msgid "IMPORTANT"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1196
#, no-c-format
msgid "The EFI Boot Manager will select a default boot action, typically the first menu choice, within a pre-set number of seconds. This is indicated by a countdown at the bottom of the screen. Once the timer expires and the systems starts the default action, you may have to reboot the machine in order to continue the installation. If the default action is the EFI Shell, you can return to the Boot Manager by running <command>exit</command> at the shell prompt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1208
#, no-c-format
msgid "Option 1: Booting from the Boot Option Maintenance Menu"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1215
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert the CD in the DVD/CD drive and reboot the machine. The firmware will display the EFI Boot Manager page and menu after it completes its system initialization."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1221
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select <command>Boot Maintenance Menu</command> from the menu with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will display a new menu."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1227
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select <command>Boot From a File</command> from the menu with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will display a list of devices probed by the firmware. You should see two menu lines containing either the label <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</command> or <command>Removable Media Boot</command>. If you examine the rest of the menu line, you will notice that the device and controller information should be the same."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1238
#, no-c-format
msgid "You can choose either of the entries that refer to the CD/DVD drive. Select your choice with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. If you choose <command>Removable Media Boot</command> the machine will immediately start the boot load sequence. If you choose <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</command> instead, it will display a directory listing of the bootable portion of the CD, requiring you to proceed to the next (additional) step."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1249
#, no-c-format
msgid "You will only need this step if you chose <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</command>. The directory listing will also show <command>[Treat like Removable Media Boot]</command> on the next to the last line. Select this line with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will start the boot load sequence."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1261
#, no-c-format
msgid "These steps start the &debian; boot loader which will display a menu page for you to select a boot kernel and options. Proceed to selecting the boot kernel and options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1271
#, no-c-format
msgid "Option 2: Booting from the EFI Shell"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1272
#, no-c-format
msgid "If, for some reason, option 1 is not successful, reboot the machine and when the EFI Boot Manager screen appears there should be one option called <command>EFI Shell [Built-in]</command>. Boot the &debian; Installer CD with the following steps:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1283
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert the CD in the DVD/CD drive and reboot the machine. The firmware will display the EFI Boot Manager page and menu after it completes system initialization."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1289
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select <command>EFI Shell</command> from the menu with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. The EFI Shell will scan all of the bootable devices and display them to the console before displaying its command prompt. The recognized bootable partitions on devices will show a device name of <filename>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:</filename>. All other recognized partitions will be named <filename>blk<replaceable>n</replaceable>:</filename>. If you inserted the CD just before entering the shell, this may take a few extra seconds as it initializes the CD drive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1303
#, no-c-format
msgid "Examine the output from the shell looking for the CDROM drive. It is most likely the <filename>fs0:</filename> device although other devices with bootable partitions will also show up as <filename>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable></filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1310
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enter <command>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:</command> and press <command>ENTER</command> to select that device where <replaceable>n</replaceable> is the partition number for the CDROM. The shell will now display the partition number as its prompt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1317
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enter <command>elilo</command> and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will start the boot load sequence."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1324
#, no-c-format
msgid "As with option 1, these steps start the &debian; boot loader which will display a menu page for you to select a boot kernel and options. You can also enter the shorter <command>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:elilo</command> command at the shell prompt. Proceed to selecting the boot kernel and options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1338
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing using a Serial Console"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1340
#, no-c-format
msgid "You may choose to perform an install using a monitor and keyboard or using a serial connection. To use a monitor/keyboard setup, select an option containing the string [VGA console]. To install over a serial connection, choose an option containing the string [<replaceable>BAUD</replaceable> baud serial console], where <replaceable>BAUD</replaceable> is the speed of your serial console. Menu items for the most typical baud rate settings on the ttyS0 device are preconfigured."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1351
#, no-c-format
msgid "In most circumstances, you will want the installer to use the same baud rate as your connection to the EFI console. If you aren't sure what this setting is, you can obtain it using the command <command>baud</command> at the EFI shell."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1358
#, no-c-format
msgid "If there is not an option available that is configured for the serial device or baud rate you would like to use, you may override the console setting for one of the existing menu options. For example, to use a 57600 baud console over the ttyS1 device, enter <command>console=ttyS1,57600n8</command> into the <classname>Boot:</classname> text window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1369
#, no-c-format
msgid "Most IA-64 boxes ship with a default console setting of 9600 baud. This setting is rather slow, and the normal installation process will take a significant time to draw each screen. You should consider either increasing the baud rate used for performing the installation, or performing a Text Mode installation. See the <classname>Params</classname> help menu for instructions on starting the installer in Text Mode."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1378
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you select the wrong console type, you will be able to select the kernel and enter parameters but both the display and your input will go dead as soon as the kernel starts, requiring you to reboot before you can begin the installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1387
#, no-c-format
msgid "Selecting the Boot Kernel and Options"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1389
#, no-c-format
msgid "The boot loader will display a form with a menu list and a text window with a <classname>Boot:</classname> prompt. The arrow keys select an item from the menu and any text typed at the keyboard will appear in the text window. There are also help screens which can be displayed by pressing the appropriate function key. The <classname>General</classname> help screen explains the menu choices and the <classname>Params</classname> screen explains the common command line options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1401
#, no-c-format
msgid "Consult the <classname>General</classname> help screen for the description of the kernels and install modes most appropriate for your installation. You should also consult <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/> below for any additional parameters that you may want to set in the <classname>Boot:</classname> text window. The kernel version you choose selects the kernel version that will be used for both the installation process and the installed system. If you encounter kernel problems with the installation, you may also have those same problems with the system you install. The following two steps will select and start the install:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1419
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select the kernel version and installation mode most appropriate to your needs with the arrow keys."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1424
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enter any boot parameters by typing at the keyboard. The text will be displayed directly in the text window. This is where kernel parameters (such as serial console settings) are specified."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1431
#, no-c-format
msgid "Press <command>ENTER</command>. This will load and start the kernel. The kernel will display its usual initialization messages followed by the first screen of the &debian; Installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1440 boot-installer.xml:1577
#, no-c-format
msgid "Proceed to the next chapter to continue the installation where you will set up the language locale, network, and disk partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1451
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting an IA-64 system from the network is similar to a CD boot. The only difference is how the installation kernel is loaded. The EFI Boot Manager can load and start programs from a server on the network. Once the installation kernel is loaded and starts, the system install will proceed through the same steps as the CD install with the exception that the packages of the base install will be loaded from the network rather than the CD drive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1486
#, no-c-format
msgid "Network booting an IA-64 system requires two architecture-specific actions. On the boot server, DHCP and TFTP must be configured to deliver <command>elilo</command>. On the client a new boot option must be defined in the EFI boot manager to enable loading over a network."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1497
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1498
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "A suitable TFTP entry for network booting an IA-64 system looks something like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "host mcmuffin {\n"
      "        hardware ethernet 00:30:6e:1e:0e:83;\n"
      "        fixed-address 10.0.0.21;\n"
      "        filename \"debian-installer/ia64/elilo.efi\";\n"
      "}\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Note that the goal is to get <command>elilo.efi</command> running on the client."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1508
#, no-c-format
msgid "Extract the <filename>netboot.tar.gz</filename> file into the directory used as the root for your tftp server. Typical tftp root directories include <filename>/var/lib/tftp</filename> and <filename>/tftpboot</filename>. This will create a <filename>debian-installer</filename> directory tree containing the boot files for an IA-64 system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:1518
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "# cd /var/lib/tftp\n"
      "# tar xvfz /home/user/netboot.tar.gz\n"
      "./\n"
      "./debian-installer/\n"
      "./debian-installer/ia64/\n"
      "[...]"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1518
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <filename>netboot.tar.gz</filename> contains an <filename>elilo.conf</filename> file that should work for most configurations. However, should you need to make changes to this file, you can find it in the <filename>debian-installer/ia64/</filename> directory. It is possible to have different config files for different clients by naming them using the client's IP address in hex with the suffix <filename>.conf</filename> instead of <filename>elilo.conf</filename>. See documentation provided in the <classname>elilo</classname> package for details."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1535
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring the Client"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1536
#, no-c-format
msgid "To configure the client to support TFTP booting, start by booting to EFI and entering the <guimenu>Boot Option Maintenance Menu</guimenu>. <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Add a boot option. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> You should see one or more lines with the text <guimenuitem>Load File [Acpi()/.../Mac()]</guimenuitem>. If more than one of these entries exist, choose the one containing the MAC address of the interface from which you'll be booting. Use the arrow keys to highlight your choice, then press enter. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Name the entry <userinput>Netboot</userinput> or something similar, save, and exit back to the boot options menu. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> You should see the new boot option you just created, and selecting it should initiate a DHCP query, leading to a TFTP load of <filename>elilo.efi</filename> from the server."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1568
#, no-c-format
msgid "The boot loader will display its prompt after it has downloaded and processed its configuration file. At this point, the installation proceeds with the same steps as a CD install. Select a boot option as in above and when the kernel has completed installing itself from the network, it will start the &debian; Installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1594 boot-installer.xml:1618
#, no-c-format
msgid "SGI TFTP Booting"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1595
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "After entering the command monitor use <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "bootp():\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> on SGI machines to boot linux and to begin installation of the &debian; Software. In order to make this work you may have to unset the <envar>netaddr</envar> environment variable. Type <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "unsetenv netaddr\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> in the command monitor to do this."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1615 boot-installer.xml:2406
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1619
#, no-c-format
msgid "On SGI machines you can append boot parameters to the <command>bootp():</command> command in the command monitor."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1624
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Following the <command>bootp():</command> command you can give the path and name of the file to boot if you did not give an explicit name via your bootp/dhcp server. Example: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "bootp():/boot/tftpboot.img\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Further kernel parameters can be passed via <command>append</command>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:1634
#, no-c-format
msgid "bootp(): append=\"root=/dev/sda1\""
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1677
#, no-c-format
msgid "s390 Limitations"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1678
#, no-c-format
msgid "In order to run the installation system a working network setup and ssh session is needed on S/390."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1683
#, no-c-format
msgid "The booting process starts with a network setup that prompts you for several network parameters. If the setup is successful, you will login to the system by starting an ssh session which will launch the standard installation system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1694
#, no-c-format
msgid "s390 Boot Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1695
#, no-c-format
msgid "On S/390 you can append boot parameters in the parm file. This file can either be in ASCII or EBCDIC format. It needs to be fixed-width with 80 characters per line. A sample parm file <filename>parmfile.debian</filename> is provided with the installation images. If a parameter is too long to fit into the 80 characters limit it can simply be continued in the first column of the next line. All the lines are concatenated without spaces when being passed to the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1712
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "If you boot the installer in a logical partition (LPAR) or virtual machine (VM) where a lot of devices are visible, you can instruct the kernel to restrict the list to a fixed set of devices. This is advised for the installer's boot process if a lot of disks are visible, most likely in LPAR mode. The <quote>cio_ignore</quote> option supports both a blacklist (to only disallow a few devices) and a whitelist (to only allow specific devices): <informalexample role=\"example\"><screen>\n"
      " # blacklist: just ignore the two devices 300 and 301\n"
      " cio_ignore=0.0.0300-0.0.0301\n"
      " # whitelist: ignore everything but 1150, FD00, FD01 and FD02\n"
      " cio_ignore=all,!0.0.1150,!0.0.fd00-0.0.fd02\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Please note that all devices numbers' hex digits need to be specified in lower case. Furthermore if this boot parameter is used all devices need to be listed: this includes at least disks, network devices and the console. To be considered during the installer's boot process the above option needs to be added to <filename>parmfile.debian</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1776
#, no-c-format
msgid "Currently, the only &arch-title; subarchitectures that support CD-ROM booting are PReP/CHRP (though not all systems) and New World PowerMacs. On PowerMacs, hold the <keycap>c</keycap> key, or else the combination of <keycap>Command</keycap>, <keycap>Option</keycap>, <keycap>Shift</keycap>, and <keycap>Delete</keycap> keys together while booting to boot from the factory default CD/DVD drive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1785
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "To boot a PowerMac from an external Firewire CD/DVD drive invoke Open Firmware prompt first (see <xref linkend=\"invoking-openfirmware\"/>), then type <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "0 &gt; boot fw/node/sbp-2/disk:,\\install\\yaboot\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> for an alternative way to boot from the internal factory default CD/DVD drive type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:1796
#, no-c-format
msgid "0 &gt; boot cd:,\\install\\yaboot"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1798
#, no-c-format
msgid "OldWorld PowerMacs will not boot a &debian; CD, because OldWorld computers relied on a Mac OS ROM CD boot driver to be present on the CD, and a free-software version of this driver is not available. All OldWorld systems have floppy drives, so use the floppy drive to launch the installer, and then point the installer to the CD for the needed files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1807
#, no-c-format
msgid "To boot &debian; CD/DVD on Pegasos II machine, hold <keycap>Esc</keycap> key immediately after pressing the power-on button, when SmartFirmware prompt appears, type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:1813
#, no-c-format
msgid "boot cd install/pegasos"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1815
#, no-c-format
msgid "On YDL Powerstation machine, pres <keycap>s</keycap> immediately after <quote>Press 's' to enter Open Firmware</quote> message, when SLOF prompt appears type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:1820
#, no-c-format
msgid "0 > boot cdrom"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1826
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from Hard Disk"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1832
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from an existing operating system is often a convenient option; for some systems it is the only supported method of installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1838
#, no-c-format
msgid "To boot the installer from hard disk, you will have already completed downloading and placing the needed files as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-drive-files\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1858
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting OldWorld PowerMacs from MacOS"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1859
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you set up BootX in <xref linkend=\"files-oldworld\"/>, you can use it to boot into the installation system. Double click the <guiicon>BootX</guiicon> application icon. Click on the <guibutton>Options</guibutton> button and select <guilabel>Use Specified RAM Disk</guilabel>. This will give you the chance to select the <filename>ramdisk.image.gz</filename> file. You may need to select the <guilabel>No Video Driver</guilabel> checkbox, depending on your hardware. Then click the <guibutton>Linux</guibutton> button to shut down MacOS and launch the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1877
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting NewWorld Macs from OpenFirmware"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1878
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "You will have already placed the <filename>vmlinux</filename>, <filename>initrd.gz</filename>, <filename>yaboot</filename>, and <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> files at the root level of your HFS partition in <xref linkend=\"files-newworld\"/>. You will now have to boot into OpenFirmware (see <xref linkend=\"invoking-openfirmware\"/>). At the prompt, type <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "0 &gt; boot hd:<replaceable>x</replaceable>,yaboot\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> replacing <replaceable>x</replaceable> with the partition number of the HFS partition where the kernel and yaboot files were placed, followed by a &enterkey;. On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput> instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>. In a few more seconds you will see a yaboot prompt <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "boot:\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> At yaboot's <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, type either <userinput>install</userinput> or <userinput>install video=ofonly</userinput> followed by a &enterkey;. The <userinput>video=ofonly</userinput> argument is for maximum compatibility; you can try it if <userinput>install</userinput> doesn't work. The &debian; installation program should start."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:1910
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from USB memory stick"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1911
#, no-c-format
msgid "Currently, NewWorld PowerMac systems are known to support USB booting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1917
#, no-c-format
msgid "Make sure you have prepared everything from <xref linkend=\"boot-usb-files\"/>. To boot a Macintosh system from a USB stick, you will need to use the Open Firmware prompt, since Open Firmware does not search USB storage devices by default. See <xref linkend=\"invoking-openfirmware\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1926
#, no-c-format
msgid "You will need to work out where the USB storage device appears in the device tree, since at the moment <command>ofpath</command> cannot work that out automatically. Type <userinput>dev / ls</userinput> and <userinput>devalias</userinput> at the Open Firmware prompt to get a list of all known devices and device aliases. On the author's system with various types of USB stick, paths such as <filename>usb0/disk</filename>, <filename>usb0/hub/disk</filename>, <filename>/pci@f2000000/usb@1b,1/disk@1</filename>, and <filename>/pci@f2000000/usb@1b,1/hub@1/disk@1</filename> work."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1938
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Having worked out the device path, use a command like this to boot the installer: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "boot <replaceable>usb0/disk</replaceable>:<replaceable>2</replaceable>,\\\\:tbxi\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> The <replaceable>2</replaceable> matches the Apple_HFS or Apple_Bootstrap partition onto which you copied the boot image earlier, and the <userinput>,\\\\:tbxi</userinput> part instructs Open Firmware to boot from the file with an HFS file type of \"tbxi\" (i.e. <command>yaboot</command>) in the directory previously blessed with <command>hattrib -b</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1952
#, no-c-format
msgid "The system should now boot up, and you should be presented with the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. Here you can enter optional boot arguments, or just hit &enterkey;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1958
#, no-c-format
msgid "This boot method is new, and may be difficult to get to work on some NewWorld systems. If you have problems, please file an installation report, as explained in <xref linkend=\"submit-bug\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1992
#, no-c-format
msgid "Currently, PReP and New World PowerMac systems support netbooting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:1996
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "On machines with Open Firmware, such as NewWorld Power Macs, enter the boot monitor (see <xref linkend=\"invoking-openfirmware\"/>) and use the command <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "0 &gt; boot enet:0\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If this doesn't work, you might have to add the filename like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "0 &gt; boot enet:0,yaboot\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> PReP and CHRP boxes may have different ways of addressing the network. On a PReP machine, you should try <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "boot net:<replaceable>server_ipaddr</replaceable>,<replaceable>file</replaceable>,<replaceable>client_ipaddr</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> On some PReP systems (e.g. Motorola PowerStack machines) the command <userinput>help boot</userinput> may give a description of syntax and available options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2024
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting from floppies is supported for &arch-title;, although it is generally only applicable for OldWorld systems. NewWorld systems are not equipped with floppy drives, and attached USB floppy drives are not supported for booting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2036
#, no-c-format
msgid "To boot from the <filename>boot-floppy-hfs.img</filename> floppy, place it in floppy drive after shutting the system down, and before pressing the power-on button."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2042
#, no-c-format
msgid "For those not familiar with Macintosh floppy operations: a floppy placed in the machine prior to boot will be the first priority for the system to boot from. A floppy without a valid boot system will be ejected, and the machine will then check for bootable hard disk partitions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2049
#, no-c-format
msgid "After booting, the <filename>root.bin</filename> floppy is requested. Insert the root floppy and press &enterkey;. The installer program is automatically launched after the root system has been loaded into memory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2060
#, no-c-format
msgid "PowerPC Boot Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2061
#, no-c-format
msgid "Many older Apple monitors used a 640x480 67Hz mode. If your video appears skewed on an older Apple monitor, try appending the boot argument <userinput>video=atyfb:vmode:6</userinput> , which will select that mode for most Mach64 and Rage video hardware. For Rage 128 hardware, this changes to <userinput>video=aty128fb:vmode:6</userinput> ."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2073
#, no-c-format
msgid "Booting a ppc64el machine"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2074
#, no-c-format
msgid "How to boot a ppc64el machine:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2080
#, no-c-format
msgid "Petitboot"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2081
#, no-c-format
msgid "Petitboot is a platform independent bootloader based on the Linux kexec. Petitboot supports loading kernel, initrd and device tree files from any Linux mountable filesystem, plus can load files from the network using the FTP, SFTP, TFTP, NFS, HTTP and HTTPS protocols. Petitboot can boot any operating system that includes kexec boot support."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2089
#, no-c-format
msgid "Petitboot looks for bootloader configuration files on mountable devices in the system, and can also be configured to use boot information from a DHCP server."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2140
#, no-c-format
msgid "On machines with OpenBoot, simply enter the boot monitor on the machine which is being installed (see <xref linkend=\"invoking-openboot\"/>). Use the command <userinput>boot net</userinput> to boot from a TFTP and RARP server, or try <userinput>boot net:bootp</userinput> or <userinput>boot net:dhcp</userinput> to boot from a TFTP and BOOTP or DHCP server. You can pass extra boot parameters to &d-i; at the end of the <userinput>boot</userinput> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2194
#, no-c-format
msgid "Most OpenBoot versions support the <userinput>boot cdrom</userinput> command which is simply an alias to boot from the SCSI device on ID 6 (or the secondary master for IDE based systems)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2203
#, no-c-format
msgid "IDPROM Messages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2204
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you cannot boot because you get messages about a problem with <quote>IDPROM</quote>, then it's possible that your NVRAM battery, which holds configuration information for you firmware, has run out. See the <ulink url=\"&url-sun-nvram-faq;\">Sun NVRAM FAQ</ulink> for more information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2223
#, no-c-format
msgid "Accessibility"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2224
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some users may need specific support because of e.g. some visual impairment. <phrase arch=\"ia64;powerpc;ppc64el;x86\">USB braille displays are detected automatically (not serial displays connected via a serial-to-USB converter), but most other</phrase> <phrase arch=\"arm;hppa;mips;mipsel;sparc\">Most</phrase> accessibility features have to be enabled manually. <phrase arch=\"x86\">On machines that support it, the boot menu emits a beep when it is ready to receive keystrokes.</phrase> Some boot parameters can <phrase arch=\"x86\">then</phrase> be appended to enable accessibility features<phrase arch=\"x86\"> (see also <xref linkend=\"boot-screen\"/>)</phrase>. Note that on most architectures the boot loader interprets your keyboard as a QWERTY keyboard."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2244
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installer front-end"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2245
#, no-c-format
msgid "The &debian; installer supports several front-ends for asking questions, with varying convenience for accessibility: notably, <userinput>text</userinput> uses plain text while <userinput>newt</userinput> uses text-based dialog boxes. The choice can be made at the boot prompt, see the documentation for <userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND</userinput> in <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2257
#, no-c-format
msgid "USB Braille Displays"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2258
#, no-c-format
msgid "USB braille displays should be automatically detected. A textual version of the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for the braille display will be automatically installed on the target system. You can thus just press &enterkey; at the boot menu. Once <classname>brltty</classname> is started, you can choose a braille table by entering the preference menu. Documentation on key bindings for braille devices is available on the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-driver-help;\"><classname>brltty</classname> website</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2273
#, no-c-format
msgid "Serial Braille Displays"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2274
#, no-c-format
msgid "Serial braille displays cannot safely be automatically detected (since that may damage some of them). You thus need to append the <userinput>brltty=<replaceable>driver</replaceable>,<replaceable>port</replaceable>,<replaceable>table</replaceable></userinput> boot parameter to tell <classname>brltty</classname> which driver it should use. <replaceable>driver</replaceable> should be replaced by the two-letter driver code for your terminal (see the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-manual;\">BRLTTY manual</ulink>). <replaceable>port</replaceable> should be replaced by the name of the serial port the display is connected to, <userinput>ttyS0</userinput> is the default, <userinput>ttyUSB0</userinput> can be typically used when using a serial-to-USB converter. <replaceable>table</replaceable> is the name of the braille table to be used (see the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-manual;\">BRLTTY manual</ulink>); the English table is the default. Note that the table can be changed later by entering the preference menu. Documentation on key bindings for braille devices is available on the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-driver-help;\"><classname>brltty</classname> website</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2297 boot-installer.xml:3306
#, no-c-format
msgid "Software Speech Synthesis"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2298
#, no-c-format
msgid "Support for software speech synthesis is available on all installer images which have the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD images, and the netboot gtk variant. It can be activated by selecting it in the boot menu by typing <userinput>s</userinput> &enterkey;. The textual version of the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for software speech synthesis will be automatically installed on the target system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2307
#, no-c-format
msgid "The first question (language) is spoken in english, and the remainder of installation is spoken in the selected language (if available in <classname>espeak</classname>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2313
#, no-c-format
msgid "The default speech rate is quite slow. To make it faster, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>6</keycap></keycombo>. To make it slower, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>5</keycap></keycombo>. The default volume should be medium. To make it louder, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>2</keycap></keycombo>. To make it quieter, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>1</keycap></keycombo>. To get more details on the browsing shortcuts, see the <ulink url=\"&url-speakup-guide;\">Speakup guide</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2332
#, no-c-format
msgid "Hardware Speech Synthesis"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2333
#, no-c-format
msgid "Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is available on all installer images which have the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD images, and the netboot gtk variant. You thus need to select a <quote>Graphical install</quote> entry in the boot menu."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2340
#, no-c-format
msgid "Hardware speech synthesis devices cannot be automatically detected. You thus need to append the <userinput>speakup.synth=<replaceable>driver</replaceable></userinput> boot parameter to tell <classname>speakup</classname> which driver it should use. <replaceable>driver</replaceable> should be replaced by the driver code for your device (see <ulink url=\"&url-speakup-guide;\">driver code list</ulink>). The textual version of the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for the speech synthesis device will be automatically installed on the target system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2355
#, no-c-format
msgid "Board Devices"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2356
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some accessibility devices are actual boards that are plugged inside the machine and that read text directly from the video memory. To get them to work framebuffer support must be disabled by using the <userinput arch=\"x86\">vga=normal</userinput> <userinput>fb=false</userinput> boot parameter. This will however reduce the number of available languages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2364
#, no-c-format
msgid "If desired a textual version of the bootloader can be activated before adding the boot parameter by typing <userinput>h</userinput> &enterkey;."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2372
#, no-c-format
msgid "High-Contrast Theme"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2373
#, no-c-format
msgid "For users with low vision, the installer can use a high-contrast color theme that makes it more readable. To enable it, append the <userinput>theme=dark</userinput> boot parameter."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2382
#, no-c-format
msgid "Preseeding"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2383
#, no-c-format
msgid "Alternatively, &debian; can be installed completely automatically by using preseeding. This is documented in <xref linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2391
#, no-c-format
msgid "Accessibility of the installed system"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2392
#, no-c-format
msgid "Documentation on accessibility of the installed system is available on the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-wiki-accessibility;\">Debian Accessibility wiki page</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2407
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot parameters are Linux kernel parameters which are generally used to make sure that peripherals are dealt with properly. For the most part, the kernel can auto-detect information about your peripherals. However, in some cases you'll have to help the kernel a bit."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2414
#, no-c-format
msgid "If this is the first time you're booting the system, try the default boot parameters (i.e., don't try setting parameters) and see if it works correctly. It probably will. If not, you can reboot later and look for any special parameters that inform the system about your hardware."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2421
#, no-c-format
msgid "Information on many boot parameters can be found in the <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html\"> Linux BootPrompt HOWTO</ulink>, including tips for obscure hardware. This section contains only a sketch of the most salient parameters. Some common gotchas are included below in <xref linkend=\"boot-troubleshooting\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2433
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot console"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2435
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you are booting with a serial console, generally the kernel will autodetect this. If you have a videocard (framebuffer) and a keyboard also attached to the computer which you wish to boot via serial console, you may have to pass the <userinput>console=<replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput> argument to the kernel, where <replaceable>device</replaceable> is your serial device, which is usually something like <filename>ttyS0</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2447
#, no-c-format
msgid "You may need to specify parameters for the serial port, such as speed and parity, for instance <userinput>console=ttyS0,9600n8</userinput>; other typical speeds may be 57600 or 115200. Be sure to specify this option after <quote>---</quote>, so that it is copied into the bootloader configuration for the installed system (if supported by the installer for the bootloader)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2455
#, no-c-format
msgid "In order to ensure the terminal type used by the installer matches your terminal emulator, the parameter <userinput>TERM=<replaceable>type</replaceable></userinput> can be added. Note that the installer only supports the following terminal types: <literal>linux</literal>, <literal>bterm</literal>, <literal>ansi</literal>, <literal>vt102</literal> and <literal>dumb</literal>. The default for serial console in &d-i; is <userinput>vt102</userinput>. If you are using a virtualization tool which does not provide conversion into such terminals types itself, e.g. QEMU/KVM, you can start it inside a <command>screen</command> session. That will indeed perform translation into the <literal>screen</literal> terminal type, which is very close to <literal>vt102</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2471
#, no-c-format
msgid "For &arch-title; the serial devices are <filename>ttya</filename> or <filename>ttyb</filename>. Alternatively, set the <envar>input-device</envar> and <envar>output-device</envar> OpenPROM variables to <filename>ttya</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2483
#, no-c-format
msgid "&debian; Installer Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2484
#, no-c-format
msgid "The installation system recognizes a few additional boot parameters<footnote> <para> With current kernels (2.6.9 or newer) you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. If these numbers are exceeded, the kernel will panic. </para> </footnote> which may be useful."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2497
#, no-c-format
msgid "A number of parameters have a <quote>short form</quote> that helps avoid the limitations of the kernel command line options and makes entering the parameters easier. If a parameter has a short form, it will be listed in brackets behind the (normal) long form. Examples in this manual will normally use the short form too."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2509
#, no-c-format
msgid "debconf/priority (priority)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2510
#, no-c-format
msgid "This parameter sets the lowest priority of messages to be displayed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2514
#, no-c-format
msgid "The default installation uses <userinput>priority=high</userinput>. This means that both high and critical priority messages are shown, but medium and low priority messages are skipped. If problems are encountered, the installer adjusts the priority as needed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2521
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you add <userinput>priority=medium</userinput> as boot parameter, you will be shown the installation menu and gain more control over the installation. When <userinput>priority=low</userinput> is used, all messages are shown (this is equivalent to the <emphasis>expert</emphasis> boot method). With <userinput>priority=critical</userinput>, the installation system will display only critical messages and try to do the right thing without fuss."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2535
#, no-c-format
msgid "DEBIAN_FRONTEND"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2536
#, no-c-format
msgid "This boot parameter controls the type of user interface used for the installer. The current possible parameter settings are: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive</userinput></para> </listitem><listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text</userinput></para> </listitem><listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=newt</userinput></para> </listitem><listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=gtk</userinput></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> The default frontend is <userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=newt</userinput>. <userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text</userinput> may be preferable for serial console installs. Some specialized types of install media may only offer a limited selection of frontends, but the <userinput>newt</userinput> and <userinput>text</userinput> frontends are available on most default install media. On architectures that support it, the graphical installer uses the <userinput>gtk</userinput> frontend."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2567
#, no-c-format
msgid "BOOT_DEBUG"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2568
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting this boot parameter to 2 will cause the installer's boot process to be verbosely logged. Setting it to 3 makes debug shells available at strategic points in the boot process. (Exit the shells to continue the boot process.)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:2577
#, no-c-format
msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=0"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2578
#, no-c-format
msgid "This is the default."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:2582
#, no-c-format
msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=1"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2583
#, no-c-format
msgid "More verbose than usual."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:2587
#, no-c-format
msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=2"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2588
#, no-c-format
msgid "Lots of debugging information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:2592
#, no-c-format
msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=3"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2593
#, no-c-format
msgid "Shells are run at various points in the boot process to allow detailed debugging. Exit the shell to continue the boot."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2607
#, no-c-format
msgid "INSTALL_MEDIA_DEV"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2608
#, no-c-format
msgid "The value of the parameter is the path to the device to load the &debian; installer from. For example, <userinput>INSTALL_MEDIA_DEV=/dev/floppy/0</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2614
#, no-c-format
msgid "The boot floppy, which normally scans all floppies it can to find the root floppy, can be overridden by this parameter to only look at the one device."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2625
#, no-c-format
msgid "log_host"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2626
#, no-c-format
msgid "log_port"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2627
#, no-c-format
msgid "Causes the installer to send log messages to a remote syslog on the specified host and port as well as to a local file. If not specified, the port defaults to the standard syslog port 514."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2638
#, no-c-format
msgid "lowmem"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2639
#, no-c-format
msgid "Can be used to force the installer to a lowmem level higher than the one the installer sets by default based on available memory. Possible values are 1 and 2. See also <xref linkend=\"lowmem\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2649
#, no-c-format
msgid "noshell"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2650
#, no-c-format
msgid "Prevents the installer from offering interactive shells on tty2 and tty3. Useful for unattended installations where physical security is limited."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2659
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/framebuffer (fb)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2660
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some architectures use the kernel framebuffer to offer installation in a number of languages. If framebuffer causes a problem on your system you can disable the feature using the parameter <userinput arch=\"x86\">vga=normal</userinput> <userinput>fb=false</userinput>. Problem symptoms are error messages about bterm or bogl, a blank screen, or a freeze within a few minutes after starting the install."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2669
#, no-c-format
msgid "Such problems have been reported on hppa."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2673
#, no-c-format
msgid "Because of display problems on some systems, framebuffer support is <emphasis>disabled by default</emphasis> for &arch-title;. This can result in ugly display on systems that do properly support the framebuffer, like those with ATI graphical cards. If you see display problems in the installer, you can try booting with parameter <userinput>debian-installer/framebuffer=true</userinput> or <userinput>fb=true</userinput> for short."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2687
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/theme (theme)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2688
#, no-c-format
msgid "A theme determines how the user interface of the installer looks (colors, icons, etc.). What themes are available differs per frontend. Currently both the newt and gtk frontends only have a <quote>dark</quote> theme that was designed for visually impaired users. Set the theme by booting with <userinput>theme=<replaceable>dark</replaceable></userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2700 boot-installer.xml:2933
#, no-c-format
msgid "netcfg/disable_autoconfig"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2701
#, no-c-format
msgid "By default, the &d-i; automatically probes for network configuration via IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP. If the probe succeeds, you won't have a chance to review and change the obtained settings. You can get to the manual network setup only in case the automatic configuration fails."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2708
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have an IPv6 router or a DHCP server on your local network, but want to avoid them because e.g. they give wrong answers, you can use the parameter <userinput>netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true</userinput> to prevent any automatic configuration of the network (neither v4 nor v6) and to enter the information manually."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2719
#, no-c-format
msgid "hw-detect/start_pcmcia"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2720
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>false</userinput> to prevent starting PCMCIA services, if that causes problems. Some laptops are well known for this misbehavior."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2730
#, no-c-format
msgid "disk-detect/dmraid/enable (dmraid)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2731
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to enable support for Serial ATA RAID (also called ATA RAID, BIOS RAID or fake RAID) disks in the installer. Note that this support is currently experimental. Additional information can be found on the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-wiki;\">&debian; Installer Wiki</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2742
#, no-c-format
msgid "preseed/url (url)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2743
#, no-c-format
msgid "Specify the url to a preconfiguration file to download and use for automating the install. See <xref linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2752
#, no-c-format
msgid "preseed/file (file)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2753
#, no-c-format
msgid "Specify the path to a preconfiguration file to load for automating the install. See <xref linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2762
#, no-c-format
msgid "preseed/interactive"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2763
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to display questions even if they have been preseeded. Can be useful for testing or debugging a preconfiguration file. Note that this will have no effect on parameters that are passed as boot parameters, but for those a special syntax can be used. See <xref linkend=\"preseed-seenflag\"/> for details."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2775
#, no-c-format
msgid "auto-install/enable (auto)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2776
#, no-c-format
msgid "Delay questions that are normally asked before preseeding is possible until after the network is configured. See <xref linkend=\"preseed-auto\"/> for details about using this to automate installs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2787
#, no-c-format
msgid "finish-install/keep-consoles"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2788
#, no-c-format
msgid "During installations from serial or management console, the regular virtual consoles (VT1 to VT6) are normally disabled in <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to prevent this."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2799
#, no-c-format
msgid "cdrom-detect/eject"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2800
#, no-c-format
msgid "By default, before rebooting, &d-i; automatically ejects the optical media used during the installation. This can be unnecessary if the system does not automatically boot off the CD. In some cases it may even be undesirable, for example if the optical drive cannot reinsert the media itself and the user is not there to do it manually. Many slot loading, slim-line, and caddy style drives cannot reload media automatically."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2809
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>false</userinput> to disable automatic ejection, and be aware that you may need to ensure that the system does not automatically boot from the optical drive after the initial installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2820
#, no-c-format
msgid "base-installer/install-recommends (recommends)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2821
#, no-c-format
msgid "By setting this option to <userinput>false</userinput>, the package management system will be configured to not automatically install <quote>Recommends</quote>, both during the installation and for the installed system. See also <xref linkend=\"di-install-base\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2828
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that this option allows to have a leaner system, but can also result in features being missing that you might normally expect to be available. You may have to manually install some of the recommended packages to obtain the full functionality you want. This option should therefore only be used by very experienced users."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2840
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2841
#, no-c-format
msgid "By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated using a known gpg key. Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to disable that authentication. <emphasis role=\"bold\">Warning: insecure, not recommended.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2852
#, no-c-format
msgid "ramdisk_size"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2853
#, no-c-format
msgid "This parameter should already be set to a correct value where needed; set it only it you see errors during the boot that indicate the ramdisk could not be loaded completely. The value is in kB."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2863
#, no-c-format
msgid "rescue/enable"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2864
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to enter rescue mode rather than performing a normal installation. See <xref linkend=\"rescue\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2877
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using boot parameters to answer questions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2878
#, no-c-format
msgid "With some exceptions, a value can be set at the boot prompt for any question asked during the installation, though this is only really useful in specific cases. General instructions how to do this can be found in <xref linkend=\"preseed-bootparms\"/>. Some specific examples are listed below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2890
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/language (language)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2891
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/country (country)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2892
#, no-c-format
msgid "debian-installer/locale (locale)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2893
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are two ways to specify the language, country and locale to use for the installation and the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2898
#, no-c-format
msgid "The first and easiest is to pass only the parameter <literal>locale</literal>. Language and country will then be derived from its value. You can for example use <userinput>locale=de_CH</userinput> to select German as language and Switzerland as country (<literal>de_CH.UTF-8</literal> will be set as default locale for the installed system). Limitation is that not all possible combinations of language, country and locale can be achieved this way."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2907
#, no-c-format
msgid "The second, more flexible option is to specify <literal>language</literal> and <literal>country</literal> separately. In this case <literal>locale</literal> can optionally be added to specify a specific default locale for the installed system. Example: <userinput>language=en country=DE locale=en_GB.UTF-8</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2919
#, no-c-format
msgid "anna/choose_modules (modules)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2920
#, no-c-format
msgid "Can be used to automatically load installer components that are not loaded by default. Examples of optional components that may be useful are <classname>openssh-client-udeb</classname> (so you can use <command>scp</command> during the installation)<phrase arch=\"not-s390\"> and <classname>ppp-udeb</classname> (see <xref linkend=\"pppoe\"/>)</phrase>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2934
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set to <userinput>true</userinput> if you want to disable IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP and instead force static network configuration."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2943
#, no-c-format
msgid "mirror/protocol (protocol)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2944
#, no-c-format
msgid "By default the installer will use the http protocol to download files from &debian; mirrors and changing that to ftp is not possible during installations at normal priority. By setting this parameter to <userinput>ftp</userinput>, you can force the installer to use that protocol instead. Note that you cannot select an ftp mirror from a list, you have to enter the hostname manually."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#: boot-installer.xml:2957
#, no-c-format
msgid "tasksel:tasksel/first (tasks)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2958
#, no-c-format
msgid "Can be used to select tasks that are not available from the interactive task list, such as the <literal>kde-desktop</literal> task. See <xref linkend=\"pkgsel\"/> for additional information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:2972
#, no-c-format
msgid "Passing parameters to kernel modules"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2973
#, no-c-format
msgid "If drivers are compiled into the kernel, you can pass parameters to them as described in the kernel documentation. However, if drivers are compiled as modules and because kernel modules are loaded a bit differently during an installation than when booting an installed system, it is not possible to pass parameters to modules as you would normally do. Instead, you need to use a special syntax recognized by the installer which will then make sure that the parameters are saved in the proper configuration files and will thus be used when the modules are actually loaded. The parameters will also be propagated automatically to the configuration for the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2986
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that it is now quite rare that parameters need to be passed to modules. In most cases the kernel will be able to probe the hardware present in a system and set good defaults that way. However, in some situations it may still be needed to set parameters manually."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:2993
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "The syntax to use to set parameters for modules is: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "<replaceable>module_name</replaceable>.<replaceable>parameter_name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you need to pass multiple parameters to the same or different modules, just repeat this. For example, to set an old 3Com network interface card to use the BNC (coax) connector and IRQ 10, you would pass:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:3003
#, no-c-format
msgid "3c509.xcvr=3 3c509.irq=10"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3009
#, no-c-format
msgid "Blacklisting kernel modules"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3010
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sometimes it may be necessary to blacklist a module to prevent it from being loaded automatically by the kernel and udev. One reason could be that a particular module causes problems with your hardware. The kernel also sometimes lists two different drivers for the same device. This can cause the device to not work correctly if the drivers conflict or if the wrong driver is loaded first."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3019
#, no-c-format
msgid "You can blacklist a module using the following syntax: <userinput><replaceable>module_name</replaceable>.blacklist=yes</userinput>. This will cause the module to be blacklisted in <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.local</filename> both during the installation and for the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3027
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that a module may still be loaded by the installation system itself. You can prevent that from happening by running the installation in expert mode and unselecting the module from the list of modules displayed during the hardware detection phases."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3043
#, no-c-format
msgid "Troubleshooting the Installation Process"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3048
#, no-c-format
msgid "CD-ROM Reliability"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3049
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sometimes, especially with older CD-ROM drives, the installer may fail to boot from a CD-ROM. The installer may also &mdash; even after booting successfully from CD-ROM &mdash; fail to recognize the CD-ROM or return errors while reading from it during the installation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3056
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are many different possible causes for these problems. We can only list some common issues and provide general suggestions on how to deal with them. The rest is up to you."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3062
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are two very simple things that you should try first."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3067
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the CD-ROM does not boot, check that it was inserted correctly and that it is not dirty."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3073
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the installer fails to recognize a CD-ROM, try just running the option <menuchoice> <guimenuitem>Detect and mount CD-ROM</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> a second time. Some DMA related issues with very old CD-ROM drives are known to be resolved in this way."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3083
#, no-c-format
msgid "If this does not work, then try the suggestions in the subsections below. Most, but not all, suggestions discussed there are valid for both CD-ROM and DVD, but we'll use the term CD-ROM for simplicity."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3089
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you cannot get the installation working from CD-ROM, try one of the other installation methods that are available."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3097
#, no-c-format
msgid "Common issues"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3100
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some older CD-ROM drives do not support reading from discs that were burned at high speeds using a modern CD writer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3117
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some very old CD-ROM drives do not work correctly if <quote>direct memory access</quote> (DMA) is enabled for them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3128
#, no-c-format
msgid "How to investigate and maybe solve issues"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3129
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the CD-ROM fails to boot, try the suggestions listed below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3134
#, no-c-format
msgid "Check that your BIOS actually supports booting from CD-ROM (only an issue for very old systems) and that CD booting is enabled in the BIOS."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3141
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "If you downloaded an iso image, check that the md5sum of that image matches the one listed for the image in the <filename>MD5SUMS</filename> file that should be present in the same location as where you downloaded the image from. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "$ md5sum <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso</replaceable>\n"
      "a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92  <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso</replaceable>\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Next, check that the md5sum of the burned CD-ROM matches as well. The following command should work. It uses the size of the image to read the correct number of bytes from the CD-ROM."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#: boot-installer.xml:3154
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "$ dd if=/dev/cdrom | \\\n"
      "> head -c `stat --format=%s <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso</replaceable>` | \\\n"
      "> md5sum\n"
      "a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92  -\n"
      "262668+0 records in\n"
      "262668+0 records out\n"
      "134486016 bytes (134 MB) copied, 97.474 seconds, 1.4 MB/s"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3159
#, no-c-format
msgid "If, after the installer has been booted successfully, the CD-ROM is not detected, sometimes simply trying again may solve the problem. If you have more than one CD-ROM drive, try changing the CD-ROM to the other drive. If that does not work or if the CD-ROM is recognized but there are errors when reading from it, try the suggestions listed below. Some basic knowledge of &arch-kernel; is required for this. To execute any of the commands, you should first switch to the second virtual console (VT2) and activate the shell there."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3171
#, no-c-format
msgid "Switch to VT4 or view the contents of <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename> (use <command>nano</command> as editor) to check for any specific error messages. After that, also check the output of <command>dmesg</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3178
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Check in the output of <command>dmesg</command> if your CD-ROM drive was recognized. You should see something like (the lines do not necessarily have to be consecutive): <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "Probing IDE interface ide1...\n"
      "hdc: TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R6112, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive\n"
      "ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15\n"
      "hdc: ATAPI 24X DVD-ROM DVD-R CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache, UDMA(33)\n"
      "Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> If you don't see something like that, chances are the controller your CD-ROM is connected to was not recognized or may be not supported at all. If you know what driver is needed for the controller, you can try loading it manually using <command>modprobe</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3192
#, no-c-format
msgid "Check that there is a device node for your CD-ROM drive under <filename>/dev/</filename>. In the example above, this would be <filename>/dev/hdc</filename>. There should also be a <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3200
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Use the <command>mount</command> command to check if the CD-ROM is already mounted; if not, try mounting it manually: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "$ mount /dev/<replaceable>hdc</replaceable> /cdrom\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Check if there are any error messages after that command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3210
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Check if DMA is currently enabled: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "$ cd /proc/<replaceable>ide</replaceable>/<replaceable>hdc</replaceable>\n"
      "$ grep using_dma settings\n"
      "using_dma      1       0       1       rw\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> A <quote>1</quote> in the first column after <literal>using_dma</literal> means it is enabled. If it is, try disabling it: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "$ echo -n \"using_dma:0\" >settings\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> Make sure that you are in the directory for the device that corresponds to your CD-ROM drive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3225
#, no-c-format
msgid "If there are any problems during the installation, try checking the integrity of the CD-ROM using the option near the bottom of the installer's main menu. This option can also be used as a general test if the CD-ROM can be read reliably."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3240
#, no-c-format
msgid "Floppy Disk Reliability"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3242
#, no-c-format
msgid "The biggest problem for people using floppy disks to install &debian; seems to be floppy disk reliability."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3247
#, no-c-format
msgid "The boot floppy is the floppy with the worst problems, because it is read by the hardware directly, before Linux boots. Often, the hardware doesn't read as reliably as the Linux floppy disk driver, and may just stop without printing an error message if it reads incorrect data. There can also be failures in the driver floppies, most of which indicate themselves with a flood of messages about disk I/O errors."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3256
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you are having the installation stall at a particular floppy, the first thing you should do is write the image to a <emphasis>different</emphasis> floppy and see if that solves the problem. Simply reformatting the old floppy may not be sufficient, even if it appears that the floppy was reformatted and written with no errors. It is sometimes useful to try writing the floppy on a different system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3265
#, no-c-format
msgid "One user reports he had to write the images to floppy <emphasis>three</emphasis> times before one worked, and then everything was fine with the third floppy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3271
#, no-c-format
msgid "Normally you should not have to download a floppy image again, but if you are experiencing problems it is always useful to verify that the images were downloaded correctly by verifying their md5sums."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3277
#, no-c-format
msgid "Other users have reported that simply rebooting a few times with the same floppy in the floppy drive can lead to a successful boot. This is all due to buggy hardware or firmware floppy drivers."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3286
#, no-c-format
msgid "Boot Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3288
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have problems and the kernel hangs during the boot process, doesn't recognize peripherals you actually have, or drives are not recognized properly, the first thing to check is the boot parameters, as discussed in <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3297
#, no-c-format
msgid "In some cases, malfunctions can be caused by missing device firmware (see <xref linkend=\"hardware-firmware\"/> and <xref linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3308
#, no-c-format
msgid "If software speech synthesis does not work, there is most probably an issue with your sound board, usually because either the driver for it is not included in the installer, or because it has unusual mixer level names which are set to muted by default. You should thus submit a bug report which includes the output of the following commands, run on the same machine from a Linux system which is known to have sound working (e.g., a live CD)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:3319
#, no-c-format
msgid "dmesg"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:3321
#, no-c-format
msgid "lspci"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:3323
#, no-c-format
msgid "lsmod"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: userinput
#: boot-installer.xml:3325
#, no-c-format
msgid "amixer"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3333 boot-installer.xml:3444
#, no-c-format
msgid "Common &arch-title; Installation Problems"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3334
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are some common installation problems that can be solved or avoided by passing certain boot parameters to the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3385
#, no-c-format
msgid "If your screen begins to show a weird picture while the kernel boots, eg. pure white, pure black or colored pixel garbage, your system may contain a problematic video card which does not switch to the framebuffer mode properly. Then you can use the boot parameter <userinput>fb=false</userinput> to disable the framebuffer console. Only a reduced set of languages will be available during the installation due to limited console features. See <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/> for details."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3399
#, no-c-format
msgid "System Freeze During the PCMCIA Configuration Phase"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3400
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some very old laptop models produced by Dell are known to crash when PCMCIA device detection tries to access some hardware addresses. Other laptops may display similar problems. If you experience such a problem and you don't need PCMCIA support during the installation, you can disable PCMCIA using the <userinput>hw-detect/start_pcmcia=false</userinput> boot parameter. You can then configure PCMCIA after the installation is completed and exclude the resource range causing the problems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3410
#, no-c-format
msgid "Alternatively, you can boot the installer in expert mode. You will then be asked to enter the resource range options your hardware needs. For example, if you have one of the Dell laptops mentioned above, you should enter <userinput>exclude port 0x800-0x8ff</userinput> here. There is also a list of some common resource range options in the <ulink url=\"http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.12\">System resource settings section of the PCMCIA HOWTO</ulink>. Note that you have to omit the commas, if any, when you enter this value in the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3445
#, no-c-format
msgid "There are some common installation problems that are worth mentioning."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3451
#, no-c-format
msgid "Misdirected video output"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3452
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "It is fairly common for &arch-title; to have two video cards in one machine, for example an ATI card and a Sun Creator 3D. In some cases, this may result in the video output getting misdirected soon after the system boots. In typical cases, the display will only show: <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "Remapping the kernel... done\n"
      "Booting Linux...\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> To work around this, you can either pull out one of the video cards, or disable the one not used during the OpenProm boot phase using a kernel parameter. For example, to disable an ATI card, you should boot the installer with <userinput>video=atyfb:off</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3466
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that you may also have to manually add this parameter to the silo configuration (edit <filename>/target/etc/silo.conf</filename> before rebooting) and, if you installed X11, modify the video driver in <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3477
#, no-c-format
msgid "Failure to Boot or Install from CD-ROM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3478
#, no-c-format
msgid "Some Sparc systems are notoriously difficult to boot from CD-ROM and even if they do boot, there may be inexplicable failures during the installation. Most problems have been reported with SunBlade systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3484
#, no-c-format
msgid "We recommend to install such systems by netbooting the installer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3493
#, no-c-format
msgid "Interpreting the Kernel Startup Messages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3495
#, no-c-format
msgid "During the boot sequence, you may see many messages in the form <computeroutput>can't find <replaceable>something</replaceable></computeroutput>, or <computeroutput><replaceable>something</replaceable> not present</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>can't initialize <replaceable>something</replaceable></computeroutput>, or even <computeroutput>this driver release depends on <replaceable>something</replaceable></computeroutput>. Most of these messages are harmless. You see them because the kernel for the installation system is built to run on computers with many different peripheral devices. Obviously, no one computer will have every possible peripheral device, so the operating system may emit a few complaints while it looks for peripherals you don't own. You may also see the system pause for a while. This happens when it is waiting for a device to respond, and that device is not present on your system. If you find the time it takes to boot the system unacceptably long, you can create a custom kernel later <phrase arch=\"linux-any\">(see <xref linkend=\"kernel-baking\"/>)</phrase>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3520
#, no-c-format
msgid "Reporting Installation Problems"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3521
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you get through the initial boot phase but cannot complete the install, the menu option <guimenuitem>Save debug logs</guimenuitem> may be helpful. It lets you store system error logs and configuration information from the installer to a floppy, or download them using a web browser. This information may provide clues as to what went wrong and how to fix it. If you are submitting a bug report, you may want to attach this information to the bug report."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3532
#, no-c-format
msgid "Other pertinent installation messages may be found in <filename>/var/log/</filename> during the installation, and <filename>/var/log/installer/</filename> after the computer has been booted into the installed system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: boot-installer.xml:3543
#, no-c-format
msgid "Submitting Installation Reports"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3544
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you still have problems, please submit an installation report. We also encourage installation reports to be sent even if the installation is successful, so that we can get as much information as possible on the largest number of hardware configurations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3551
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note that your installation report will be published in the Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS) and forwarded to a public mailing list. Make sure that you use an e-mail address that you do not mind being made public."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3557
#, no-c-format
msgid "If you have a working &debian; system, the easiest way to send an installation report is to install the <classname>installation-report</classname> and <classname>reportbug</classname> packages (<command>aptitude install installation-report reportbug</command>), configure <classname>reportbug</classname> as explained in <xref linkend=\"mail-outgoing\"/>, and run the command <command>reportbug installation-reports</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: boot-installer.xml:3567
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
      "Alternatively you can use this template when filling out installation reports, and file the report as a bug report against the <classname>installation-reports</classname> pseudo package, by sending it to <email>submit@bugs.debian.org</email>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
      "Package: installation-reports\n"
      "\n"
      "Boot method: &lt;How did you boot the installer? CD? floppy? network?&gt;\n"
      "Image version: &lt;Full URL to image you downloaded is best&gt;\n"
      "Date: &lt;Date and time of the install&gt;\n"
      "\n"
      "Machine: &lt;Description of machine (eg, IBM Thinkpad R32)&gt;\n"
      "Processor:\n"
      "Memory:\n"
      "Partitions: &lt;df -Tl will do; the raw partition table is preferred&gt;\n"
      "\n"
      "Output of lspci -knn (or lspci -nn):\n"
      "\n"
      "Base System Installation Checklist:\n"
      "[O] = OK, [E] = Error (please elaborate below), [ ] = didn't try it\n"
      "\n"
      "Initial boot:           [ ]\n"
      "Detect network card:    [ ]\n"
      "Configure network:      [ ]\n"
      "Detect CD:              [ ]\n"
      "Load installer modules: [ ]\n"
      "Detect hard drives:     [ ]\n"
      "Partition hard drives:  [ ]\n"
      "Install base system:    [ ]\n"
      "Clock/timezone setup:   [ ]\n"
      "User/password setup:    [ ]\n"
      "Install tasks:          [ ]\n"
      "Install boot loader:    [ ]\n"
      "Overall install:        [ ]\n"
      "\n"
      "Comments/Problems:\n"
      "\n"
      "&lt;Description of the install, in prose, and any thoughts, comments\n"
      "      and ideas you had during the initial install.&gt;\n"
      "</screen></informalexample> In the bug report, describe what the problem is, including the last visible kernel messages in the event of a kernel hang. Describe the steps that you did which brought the system into the problem state."
msgstr ""