# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2005-12-03 10:28+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n" #: random-bits.xml:4 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Random Bits" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:11 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Preconfiguration File Example" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:13 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is a complete working example of a preconfiguration file for an automated install. Its use is explained in . You may want to uncomment some of the lines before using the file." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:21 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to be able to properly present this example in the manual, we've had to split some lines. This is indicated by the use of the line-continuation-character \\ and extra indentation in the next line. In a real preconfiguration file, these split lines have to be joined into one single line. If you do not, preconfiguration will fail with unpredictable results." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:29 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A clean example file is available from &urlset-example-preseed;." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:41 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "#### Startup.\n" "\n" "# To use a preseed file, you'll first need to boot the installer,\n" "# and tell it what preseed file to use. This is done by passing the\n" "# kernel a boot parameter, either manually at boot or by editing the\n" "# syslinux.cfg (or similar) file and adding the parameter to the end\n" "# of the append line(s) for the kernel.\n" "#\n" "# If you're netbooting, use this:\n" "# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed\n" "# If you're remastering a CD, you could use this:\n" "# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed\n" "# If you're installing from USB media, use this, and put the preseed file\n" "# in the toplevel directory of the USB stick.\n" "# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed\n" "# Be sure to copy this file to the location you specify.\n" "#\n" "# Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using\n" "# some forms of preseeding, because the questions are asked before\n" "# the preseed file is loaded. For example, if the preseed file is\n" "# downloaded over the network, the network setup must be done first.\n" "# One reason to use initrd preseeding is that it allows preseeding\n" "# of even these early steps of the installation process.\n" "#\n" "# If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can\n" "# still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel\n" "# on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value for any of the preseed\n" "# variables listed below.\n" "#\n" "# While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in\n" "# there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some.\n" "# And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit\n" "# enter to boot the installer.\n" "#\n" "# Note that the kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and\n" "# 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the\n" "# installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any\n" "# excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. With kernel 2.6.9 or newer,\n" "# you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options.\n" "#\n" "# Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' may be safely removed\n" "# for most installations, which may allow you to add more options for\n" "# preseeding.\n" "\n" "# It is not possible to use preseeding to set language, country, and\n" "# keyboard. Instead you should use kernel parameters. Example:\n" "# languagechooser/language-name=English\n" "# countrychooser/shortlist=US\n" "# console-keymaps-at/keymap=us\n" "\n" "#### Network configuration.\n" "\n" "# Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the\n" "# network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can\n" "# also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are\n" "# loading preseed files from the network.\n" "\n" "# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it\n" "# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.\n" "d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto\n" "\n" "# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for\n" "# it, this might be useful.\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60\n" "\n" "# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how:\n" "#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0\n" "#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1\n" "#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true\n" "\n" "# Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take\n" "# precedence over values set here. However, setting the values still\n" "# prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp.\n" "d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname\n" "d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain\n" "\n" "# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.\n" "d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string\n" "# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.\n" "#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish\n" "\n" "#### Mirror settings.\n" "\n" "d-i mirror/country string enter information manually\n" "d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org\n" "d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian\n" "d-i mirror/suite string testing\n" "d-i mirror/http/proxy string\n" "\n" "#### Partitioning.\n" "\n" "# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.\n" "#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \\\n" "# select Use the largest continuous free space\n" "\n" "# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can\n" "# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format.\n" "# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of:\n" "d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc\n" "\n" "# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes:\n" "d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select \\\n" " All files in one partition (recommended for new users)\n" "#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine\n" "#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation\n" "\n" "# Or provide a recipe of your own...\n" "# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt.\n" "# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can\n" "# just point at it.\n" "#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe\n" "\n" "# If not, you can put an entire recipe in one line. This example creates\n" "# a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and uses the rest of the space\n" "# for the root partition:\n" "#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: \\\n" "# 20 50 100 ext3 $primary{ } $bootable{ } method{ format } format{ } \\\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ /boot } . \\\n" "# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 method{ format } format{ } \\\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ / } . \\\n" "# 64 512 300% linux-swap method{ swap } format{ } .\n" "# For reference, here is that same recipe in a more readable form:\n" "# boot-root ::\n" "# 40 50 100 ext3\n" "# $primary{ } $bootable{ }\n" "# method{ format } format{ }\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }\n" "# mountpoint{ /boot }\n" "# .\n" "# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3\n" "# method{ format } format{ }\n" "# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }\n" "# mountpoint{ / }\n" "# .\n" "# 64 512 300% linux-swap\n" "# method{ swap } format{ }\n" "# .\n" "\n" "# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation.\n" "d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true\n" "d-i partman/choose_partition select \\\n" " Finish partitioning and write changes to disk\n" "d-i partman/confirm boolean true\n" "\n" "#### Boot loader installation.\n" "\n" "# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed\n" "# instead, uncomment this:\n" "#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true\n" "\n" "# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR\n" "# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.\n" "d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true\n" "\n" "# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS\n" "# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.\n" "d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true\n" "\n" "# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,\n" "# uncomment and edit these lines:\n" "#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0)\n" "#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false\n" "#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false\n" "\n" "#### Finishing up the first stage install.\n" "\n" "# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.\n" "d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note\n" "\n" "#### Shell commands.\n" "\n" "# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks\n" "# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a\n" "# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted\n" "# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's\n" "# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,\n" "# automatically.\n" "\n" "# This first command is run as early as possible, just after\n" "# preseeding is read.\n" "#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb\n" "\n" "# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is\n" "# still a usable /target directory.\n" "#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar\n" "\n" "# This command is run just as base-config is starting up.\n" "#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom\n" "\n" "# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login:\n" "# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to\n" "# tweak the configuration of the system.\n" "#base-config base-config/late_command string \\\n" "# apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh\n" "\n" "###### Preseeding the 2nd stage of the installation.\n" "\n" "#### Preseeding base-config.\n" "\n" "# Avoid the introductory message.\n" "base-config base-config/intro note\n" "\n" "# Avoid the final message.\n" "base-config base-config/login note\n" "\n" "# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately\n" "# after base-config finishes.\n" "#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false\n" "\n" "# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed.\n" "# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project\n" "# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs.\n" "#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false\n" "\n" "#### Clock and time zone setup.\n" "\n" "# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.\n" "#base-config tzconfig/gmt boolean true\n" "# If you told the installer that you're in the United States, then you\n" "# can set the time zone using this variable.\n" "# (Choices are: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii,\n" "# Aleutian, Arizona East-Indiana, Indiana-Starke, Michigan, Samoa, other)\n" "#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/US select Eastern\n" "# If you told it you're in Canada.\n" "# (Choices are: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central,\n" "# East-Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Mountain, Pacific, Yukon, other)\n" "#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/CA select Eastern\n" "# If you told it you're in Brazil. (Choices are: East, West, Acre,\n" "# DeNoronha, other)\n" "#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/BR select East\n" "# Many countries have only one time zone. If you told the installer you're\n" "# in one of those countries, you can choose its standard time zone via this\n" "# question.\n" "#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_single boolean true\n" "# This question is asked as a fallback for countries other than those\n" "# listed above, which have more than one time zone. You can preseed one of\n" "# the time zones, or \"other\".\n" "#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_multiple select\n" "\n" "#### Account setup.\n" "\n" "# To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this\n" "# file. That is not a very good idea, use caution!\n" "#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme\n" "#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme\n" "\n" "# If you want to skip creation of a normal user account.\n" "#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false\n" "\n" "# Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login.\n" "#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User\n" "#passwd passwd/username string debian\n" "# And their password, but use caution!\n" "#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure\n" "#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure\n" "\n" "#### Apt setup.\n" "\n" "# This question controls what source the second stage installation uses\n" "# for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list\n" "# by hand\n" "base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http\n" "\n" "# If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror.\n" "base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually\n" "base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org\n" "base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian\n" "# Stop after choosing one mirror.\n" "base-config apt-setup/another boolean false\n" "\n" "# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.\n" "#base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true\n" "#base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true\n" "\n" "# Do enable security updates.\n" "base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true\n" "\n" "#### Package selection.\n" "\n" "# You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available.\n" "# Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment,\n" "# Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server,\n" "# SQL database, Laptop, Standard system, manual package selection. The\n" "# last of those will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no\n" "# tasks, and force the installation of a set of packages in some other\n" "# way. We recommend always including the Standard system task.\n" "tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment, Standard system\n" "#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Standard system\n" "\n" "#### Mailer configuration.\n" "\n" "# During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to\n" "# avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible.\n" "exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \\\n" " select no configuration at this time\n" "exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true\n" "exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true\n" "\n" "# It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to\n" "# create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to\n" "# /var/mail/mail.\n" "exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string\n" "\n" "#### X Configuration.\n" "\n" "# Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know\n" "# some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X\n" "# configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything.\n" "\n" "# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding,\n" "# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places.\n" "#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa\n" "\n" "# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it\n" "# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of\n" "# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected.\n" "#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true\n" "\n" "# Monitor autodetection is recommended.\n" "xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true\n" "# Uncomment if you have an LCD display.\n" "#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true\n" "# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed\n" "# the \"medium\" path, which is always available. The \"simple\" path may not\n" "# be available, and the \"advanced\" path asks too many questions.\n" "xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \\\n" " select medium\n" "xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \\\n" " select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz\n" "\n" "#### Everything else.\n" "\n" "# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong\n" "# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may\n" "# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every\n" "# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an\n" "# installation, and then run these commands:\n" "# debconf-get-selections --installer > file\n" "# debconf-get-selections >> file\n" "\n" "# If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one.\n" "# Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this\n" "# file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be\n" "# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their\n" "# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from\n" "# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them.\n" "#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg\n" "\n" "# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of\n" "# preseed files, includes those files. For example, to switch configs based\n" "# on a particular usb storage device (in this case, a built-in card reader):\n" "#d-i preseed/include_command string \\\n" "# if $(grep -q \"GUID: 0aec3050aec305000001a003\" /proc/scsi/usb-storage-*/*); \\\n" "# then echo kraken.cfg; else echo otherusb.cfg; fi\n" "\n" "# To check the format of your preseed file before performing an install,\n" "# you can use debconf-set-selections:\n" "# debconf-set-selections -c preseed.cfg" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:52 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Linux Devices" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:53 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In Linux you have various special files in /dev. These files are called device files. In the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system component. Files under /dev also behave differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device files listed." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:68 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "fd0" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:69 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "First Floppy Drive" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:71 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "fd1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:72 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Second Floppy Drive" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:78 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hda" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:79 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:81 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hdb" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:82 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:84 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hdc" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:85 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:87 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hdd" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:88 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:90 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hda1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:91 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "First partition of the first IDE hard disk" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:93 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "hdd15" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:94 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:100 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sda" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:101 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:103 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sdb" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:104 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:106 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sdc" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:107 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:109 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sda1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:110 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "First partition of the first SCSI hard disk" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:112 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sdd10" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:113 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:119 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sr0" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:120 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:122 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "sr1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:123 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:129 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "ttyS0" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:130 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:132 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "ttyS1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:133 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:135 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "psaux" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:136 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "PS/2 mouse device" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:138 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "gpmdata" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:139 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:145 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "cdrom" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:146 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:148 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "mouse" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:149 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:155 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "null" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:156 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Everything pointed to this device will disappear" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:158 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "zero" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:159 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:166 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:168 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown: \n" "mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X\n" " /dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink)\n" " /dev/ttyS1\n" " Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in /etc/gpm.conf) while setting X to the original mouse protocol in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/XF86Config-4." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:180 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with \n" "# /etc/init.d/gpm restart\n" " will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:189 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz, man gpm, /usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz, and README.mouse." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:199 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "For PowerPC, in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/XF86Config-4, set the mouse device to \"/dev/input/mice\"." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:205 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf file." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:211 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "# 3-button mouse emulation\n" "# turn on emulation\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n" "# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n" "# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n" "/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n" "# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:218 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:230 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The base installation for i386 using the default 2.4 kernel, including all standard packages, requires 573MB of disk space." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:235 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by adding up the numbers." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:242 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of the base installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of the size listed as Installed size will end up in /usr; the size listed as Download size is (temporarily) required in /var." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:255 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Task" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:256 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Installed size (MB)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:257 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Download size (MB)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:258 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Space needed to install (MB)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:264 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Desktop" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:265 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "1392" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:266 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "460" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:267 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "1852" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:271 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Web server" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:272 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "36" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:273 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "12" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:274 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "48" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:278 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Print server" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:279 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "168" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:280 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "58" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:281 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "226" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:285 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "DNS server" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:286 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "2" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:287 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:288 random-bits.xml:301 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "3" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:292 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "File server" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:293 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "47" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:294 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "24" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:295 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "71" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:299 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "Mail server" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:300 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "10" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:302 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "13" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:306 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "SQL database" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:307 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "66" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:308 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "21" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:309 #, no-c-format #. Tag: entry msgid "87" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:315 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The Desktop task will install both the Gnome and KDE desktop environments." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:322 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you install in a language other than English, tasksel may automatically install a localization task, if one is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you should allow up to 200MB in total for download and installation." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:337 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:339 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the rest of the manual. This cross-install HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In this section, $ symbolizes a command to be entered in the user's current system, while # refers to a command entered in the Debian chroot." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:351 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. This is therefore a zero downtime &debian; install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation media." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:363 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:364 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install, or at least 300MB if you plan to install X." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:371 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "To create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an ext3 file system on partition /dev/hda6 (that's our example root partition): \n" "# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6\n" " To create an ext2 file system instead, omit -j." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:381 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your intended Debian swap partition): \n" "# mkswap /dev/hda5\n" "# sync; sync; sync\n" "# swapon /dev/hda5\n" " Mount one partition as /mnt/debinst (the installation point, to be the root (/) filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is referenced later below." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:393 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n" "# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:396 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually before proceding with the next stage." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:406 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Install debootstrap" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:407 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The tool that the Debian installer uses, which is recognized as the official way to install a Debian base system, is debootstrap. It uses wget and ar, but otherwise depends only on /bin/sh. Install wget and ar if they aren't already on your current system, then download and install debootstrap." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:417 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the .deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at " msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:423 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: \n" "# mkdir work\n" "# cd work\n" " The debootstrap binary is located in the Debian archive (be sure to select the proper file for your architecture). Download the debootstrap .deb from the pool, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install the binaries." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:438 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb\n" "# cd /\n" "# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:440 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Note that running debootstrap may require you to have a minimal version of glibc installed (currently GLIBC_2.3). debootstrap itself is a shell script, but it calls various utilities that require glibc." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:451 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Run debootstrap" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:452 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "debootstrap can download the needed files directly from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian archive mirror for http.us.debian.org/debian in the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at ." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:461 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at /cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: file:/cdrom/debian/" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:467 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Substitute one of the following for ARCH in the debootstrap command: alpha, arm, hppa, i386, ia64, m68k, mips, mipsel, powerpc, s390, or sparc." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:484 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n" " /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:490 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configure The Base System" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:491 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. Chroot into it:" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:496 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# LANG= chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:501 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Mount Partitions" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:502 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "You need to create /etc/fstab. \n" "# editor /etc/fstab\n" " Here is a sample you can modify to suit: \n" "# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n" "#\n" "# file system mount point type options dump pass\n" "/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n" "/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n" "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0\n" "/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n" "\n" "/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n" "/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n" " Use mount -a to mount all the file systems you have specified in your /etc/fstab, or to mount file systems individually use: \n" "# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n" " You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary locations, though /proc is customary. If you didn't use mount -a, be sure to mount proc before continuing:" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:522 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:524 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The command ls /proc should now show a non-empty directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the chroot:" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:530 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:536 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configure Keyboard" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:537 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To configure your keyboard:" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:541 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure console-data" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:543 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be configured for the next reboot." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:552 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:553 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "To configure networking, edit /etc/network/interfaces, /etc/resolv.conf, and /etc/hostname. \n" "# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n" " Here are some simple examples from /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples: \n" "######################################################################\n" "# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n" "# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n" "# available.\n" "######################################################################\n" "\n" "# We always want the loopback interface.\n" "#\n" "auto lo\n" "iface lo inet loopback\n" "\n" "# To use dhcp:\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n" "\n" "# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)\n" "#\n" "# auto eth0\n" "# iface eth0 inet static\n" "# address 192.168.0.42\n" "# network 192.168.0.0\n" "# netmask 255.255.255.0\n" "# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n" "# gateway 192.168.0.1\n" " Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n" " A simple /etc/resolv.conf: \n" "search hqdom.local\\000\n" "nameserver 10.1.1.36\n" "nameserver 192.168.9.100\n" " Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): \n" "# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname\n" " If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of driver modules in the /etc/modules file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:589 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configure Timezone, Users, and APT" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:590 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Set your timezone, add a normal user, and choose your apt sources by running" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:595 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# /usr/sbin/base-config new" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:601 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configure Locales" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:602 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, install the locales support package and configure it: \n" "# apt-get install locales\n" "# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n" " NOTE: Apt must be configured before, ie. during the base-config phase. Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1, please consult the appropriate localization HOWTO." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:618 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Install a Kernel" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:619 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with \n" "# apt-cache search kernel-image\n" " Then install your choice using its package name." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:628 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# apt-get install kernel-image-2.X.X-arch-etc" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:634 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Set up the Boot Loader" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:635 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that debootstrap does not install a boot loader, though you can use apt-get inside your Debian chroot to do so." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:642 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Check info grub or man lilo.conf for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub menu.lst or lilo.conf. For lilo.conf, you could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use lilo.conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:653 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here is a basic /etc/lilo.conf as an example:" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:657 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "boot=/dev/hda6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "install=menu\n" "delay=20\n" "lba32\n" "image=/vmlinuz\n" "label=Debian" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:659 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Check man yaboot.conf for instructions on setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your existing yaboot.conf. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use yaboot.conf relative to the system you call it from)." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:669 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "" "Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: \n" "boot=/dev/hda2\n" "device=hd:\n" "partition=6\n" "root=/dev/hda6\n" "magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n" "timeout=50\n" "image=/vmlinux\n" "label=Debian\n" " On some machines, you may need to use ide0: instead of hd:." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:687 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installing &debian; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:689 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This section explains how to install &debian; on a computer without Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be connected to a network that has a Debian mirror on it (e.g. to the Internet)." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:697 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be unused within your network address space)." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:705 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available after the reboot into the installed system (see )." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:710 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target systems. The most common values are io=0x378, irq=7." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:720 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Requirements" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:723 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A target computer, called target, where Debian will be installed." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:729 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "System installation media; see ." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:734 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Another computer connected to the Internet, called source, that will function as the gateway." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:740 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the PLIP-Install-HOWTO for more information on this cable and instructions how to make your own." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:752 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Setting up source" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:753 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:758 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" "\n" "# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n" "# reconfigure them manually.\n" "modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n" "modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7\n" "modprobe plip\n" "\n" "# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n" "ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n" "\n" "# Configure gateway\n" "modprobe iptable_nat\n" "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE\n" "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:764 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installing target" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:765 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert mode; enter expert at the boot prompt. Below are the answers that should be given during various stages of the installation." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:777 #, no-c-format #. Tag: guimenuitem msgid "Load installer components" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:779 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select the plip-modules option from the list; this will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:787 #, no-c-format #. Tag: guimenuitem msgid "Detect network hardware" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:792 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If target does have a network card, a list of driver modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:801 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Prompt for module parameters: Yes" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:806 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the plip module." msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:813 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Additional parameters for module parport_pc: io=0x378 irq=7" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:819 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Additional parameters for module plip: leave empty" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:829 #, no-c-format #. Tag: guimenuitem msgid "Configure the network" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:832 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:837 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "IP address: 192.168.0.1" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:842 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Point-to-point address: 192.168.0.2" msgstr "" #: random-bits.xml:848 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see /etc/resolv.conf)" msgstr ""