From 1ea73eea5ecc6a8ed901316049259aee737ee554 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Joey Hess Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 19:51:38 +0000 Subject: move manual to top-level directory, split out of debian-installer package --- fi/post-install/further-reading.xml | 49 ++++++++++ fi/post-install/kernel-baking.xml | 182 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fi/post-install/new-to-unix.xml | 29 ++++++ fi/post-install/orientation.xml | 109 +++++++++++++++++++++ fi/post-install/post-install.xml | 14 +++ fi/post-install/reactivating-win.xml | 72 ++++++++++++++ fi/post-install/rescue.xml | 71 ++++++++++++++ fi/post-install/shutdown.xml | 25 +++++ 8 files changed, 551 insertions(+) create mode 100644 fi/post-install/further-reading.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/kernel-baking.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/new-to-unix.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/orientation.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/post-install.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/reactivating-win.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/rescue.xml create mode 100644 fi/post-install/shutdown.xml (limited to 'fi/post-install') diff --git a/fi/post-install/further-reading.xml b/fi/post-install/further-reading.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c9ad4b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/further-reading.xml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + Further Reading and Information + + +If you need information about a particular program, you should first +try man program, or +info program. + + + +There is lots of useful documentation in +/usr/share/doc as well. In particular, +/usr/share/doc/HOWTO and +/usr/share/doc/FAQ contain lots of interesting +information. To submit bugs, look at +/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*. To read about +Debian-specific issues for particular programs, look at +/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian. + + + +The +Debian web site +contains a large quantity of documentation about Debian. In +particular, see the +Debian GNU/Linux FAQ and the +Debian +Reference. +An index of more Debian documentation is available from the +Debian Documentation Project. +The Debian community is self-supporting; to subscribe to +one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the + +Mail List Subscription page. +Last, but not least, the Debian Mailing +List Archives contain a wealth of information on Debian. + + + +A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the +Linux Documentation Project. +There you will find the HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable +information on parts of a GNU/Linux system. + + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/kernel-baking.xml b/fi/post-install/kernel-baking.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc4c7bed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/kernel-baking.xml @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ + + + + Compiling a New Kernel + + +Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is often not +necessary since the default kernel shipped with Debian handles most +configurations. However, it is useful to compile a new kernel in order +to: + + + + +handle special hardware needs, or hardware conflicts with the pre-supplied +kernels + + + + +handle hardware or options not included in the stock kernel, such as +APM or SMP + + + + +optimize the kernel by removing useless drivers to speed up boot +time + + + + +use options of the kernel which are not supported by the default +kernel (such as high memory support) + + + + +run an updated or development kernel + + + + +impress your friends, try new things + + + + + + + Kernel Image Management + + +Don't be afraid to try compiling the kernel. It's fun and profitable. + + + +To compile a kernel the Debian way, you need some packages: +kernel-package, +kernel-source-&kernelversion; (the most recent version +at the time of this writing), fakeroot and a +few others which are probably already installed (see +/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz for the +complete list). + + + +This method will make a .deb of your kernel source, and, if you have +non-standard modules, make a synchronized dependent .deb of those +too. It's a better way to manage kernel images; +/boot will hold the kernel, the System.map, and a +log of the active config file for the build. + + + +Note that you don't have to compile your kernel +the Debian way; but we find that using the packaging system +to manage your kernel is actually safer and easier. In fact, you can get +your kernel sources right from Linus instead of +kernel-source-&kernelversion;, yet still use the +kernel-package compilation method. + + + +Note that you'll find complete documentation on using +kernel-package under +/usr/share/doc/kernel-package. This section just +contains a brief tutorial. + + + +Hereafter, we'll assume you have free rein over your machine and will +extract your kernel source to somewhere in your home directory + + + +There are other locations where you can extract kernel sources and build +your custom kernel, but this is easiest as it does not require special +permissions. + + + +. We'll also assume that your kernel version is +&kernelversion;. Make sure you are in the directory to where you want to +unpack the kernel sources, extract them using tar xjf +/usr/src/kernel-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2 and change +to the directory kernel-source-&kernelversion; +that will have been created. + + + +Now, you can configure your kernel. Run make +xconfig if X11 is installed, configured and being run; run +make menuconfig otherwise (you'll need +libncurses5-dev installed). Take the time to read +the online help and choose carefully. When in doubt, it is typically +better to include the device driver (the software which manages +hardware peripherals, such as Ethernet cards, SCSI controllers, and so +on) you are unsure about. Be careful: other options, not related to a +specific hardware, should be left at the default value if you do not +understand them. Do not forget to select Kernel module loader +in Loadable module support (it is not selected by default). +If not included, your Debian installation will experience problems. + + + +Clean the source tree and reset the kernel-package +parameters. To do that, do make-kpkg clean. + + + +Now, compile the kernel: +fakeroot make-kpkg --revision=custom.1.0 kernel_image. +The version number of 1.0 can be changed at will; this is just +a version number that you will use to track your kernel builds. +Likewise, you can put any word you like in place of custom +(e.g., a host name). Kernel compilation may take quite a while, depending on +the power of your machine. + + + +If you require PCMCIA support, you'll also need to install the +pcmcia-source package. Unpack the gzipped tar file +as root in the directory /usr/src (it's important that +modules are found where they are expected to be found, namely, +/usr/src/modules). Then, as root, do make-kpkg +modules_image. + + + +Once the compilation is complete, you can install your custom kernel +like any package. As root, do dpkg -i +../kernel-image-&kernelversion;-subarchitecture_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb. +The subarchitecture part is an optional +sub-architecture, + such as i586, +depending on what kernel options you set. +dpkg -i kernel-image... will install the +kernel, along with some other nice supporting files. For instance, +the System.map will be properly installed +(helpful for debugging kernel problems), and +/boot/config-&kernelversion; will be installed, +containing your current configuration set. Your new +kernel-image-&kernelversion; package is also clever +enough to automatically use your platform's boot-loader to run an +update on the booting, allowing you to boot without re-running the +boot loader. If you have created a modules package, e.g., if you have +PCMCIA, you'll need to install that package as well. + + + +It is time to reboot the system: read carefully any warning that the +above step may have produced, then shutdown -r now. + + + +For more information on kernel-package, read +the fine documentation in /usr/share/doc/kernel-package. + + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/new-to-unix.xml b/fi/post-install/new-to-unix.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c918d4d2a --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/new-to-unix.xml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + + If You Are New to Unix + + +If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books +and do some reading. A lot of valuable information can also be found +in the Debian Reference. +This list of Unix FAQs contains a +number of UseNet documents which provide a nice historical reference. + + + +Linux is an implementation of Unix. The +Linux Documentation Project (LDP) +collects a number of HOWTOs and online books +relating to Linux. Most of these documents can be installed locally; +just install the doc-linux-html package (HTML +versions) or the doc-linux-text package (ASCII +versions), then look in /usr/share/doc/HOWTO. +International versions of the LDP HOWTOs are also available as Debian +packages. + + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/orientation.xml b/fi/post-install/orientation.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c9b75a78 --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/orientation.xml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + + + Orienting Yourself to Debian + + +Debian is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're +familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you +should know about Debian to help you to keep your system in a good, +clean state. This chapter contains material to help you get oriented; +it is not intended to be a tutorial for how to use Debian, but just a +very brief glimpse of the system for the very rushed. + + + + Debian Packaging System + + +The most important concept to grasp is the Debian packaging system. +In essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the +control of the packaging system. These include: + + + + +/usr (excluding /usr/local) + + + + +/var (you could make +/var/local and be safe in there) + + + + +/bin + + + + +/sbin + + + + +/lib + + + + +For instance, if you replace /usr/bin/perl, that +will work, but then if you upgrade your perl +package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get +around this by putting packages on hold in +aptitude. + + + +One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command +line version apt-get or full-screen text version +aptitude. Note apt will also let you merge +main, contrib, and non-free so you can have export-restricted packages +as well as standard versions. + + + + + Application Version Management + + + +Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If +you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the +update-alternatives man page. + + + + + Cron Job Management + + +Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in +/etc, since they are configuration files. If you +have a root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in +/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}. These are +invoked from /etc/crontab, and will run in +alphabetic order, which serializes them. + + + +On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a +special user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you +can use either /etc/crontab, or, better yet, +/etc/cron.d/whatever. These particular files +also have an extra field that allows you to stipulate the user under +which the cron job runs. + + + +In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them +automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more +information see cron(8), crontab(5), and +/usr/share/doc/cron/README.Debian. + + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/post-install.xml b/fi/post-install/post-install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59c327813 --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/post-install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + Next Steps and Where to Go From Here + +&new-to-unix.xml; +&orientation.xml; +&reactivating-win.xml; +&further-reading.xml; +&kernel-baking.xml; +&rescue.xml; + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/reactivating-win.xml b/fi/post-install/reactivating-win.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e34f01d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/reactivating-win.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + + + + + + Reactivating DOS and Windows + + +After installing the base system and writing to the Master Boot +Record, you will be able to boot Linux, but probably nothing else. +This depends what you have chosen during the installation. This chapter +will describe how you can reactivate your old systems so that you can also +boot your DOS or Windows again. + + + +LILO is a boot manager with which you can also boot +other operating systems than Linux, which complies to PC +conventions. The boot manager is configured via +/etc/lilo.conf file. Whenever you edited this +file you have to run lilo afterwards. The reason +for this is that the changes will take place only when you call the +program. + + + +Important parts of the lilo.conf file are the +lines containing the image and +other keywords, as well as the lines following +those. They can be used to describe a system which can be booted by +LILO. Such a system can include a kernel +(image), a root partition, additional kernel +parameters, etc. as well as a configuration to boot another, non-Linux +(other) operating system. These keywords can +also be used more than once. The ordering of these systems within the +configuration file is important because it determines which system +will be booted automatically after, for instance, a timeout +(delay) presuming LILO +wasn't stopped by pressing the shift key. + + + +After a fresh install of Debian, just the current system is configured +for booting with LILO. If you want to boot another +Linux kernel, you have to edit the configuration file +/etc/lilo.conf to add the following lines: + + +&additional-lilo-image; + + +For a basic setup just the first two lines are necessary. If you want +to know more about the other two options please have a look at the +LILO documentation. This can be found in +/usr/share/doc/lilo/. The file which should be +read is Manual.txt. To have a quicker start into +the world of booting a system you can also look at the +LILO man pages lilo.conf for +an overview of configuration keywords and lilo +for description of the installation of the new configuration into the +boot sector. + + + +Notice that there are other boot loaders available in &debian;, such as +GRUB (in grub package), +CHOS (in chos package), +Extended-IPL (in extipl package), +loadlin (in loadlin package) etc. + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/rescue.xml b/fi/post-install/rescue.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f785258fd --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/rescue.xml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ + + + + + Recovering a Broken System + + +Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no +longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying +out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps +cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in +/sbin/init. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to +have a system to work from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful +for this. + + + + + +To access rescue mode, type rescue at the +boot: prompt, or boot with the +rescue/enable=true boot parameter. You'll be shown +the first few screens of the installer, with a note in the corner of the +display to indicate that this is rescue mode, not a full installation. Don't +worry, your system is not about to be overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes +advantage of the hardware detection facilities available in the installer to +ensure that your disks, network devices, and so on are available to you +while repairing your system. + + + +Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of +the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, +you should select the partition containing the root file system that you +need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as +those created directly on disks. + + + +If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the +file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary +repairs. + + +For example, if you need to reinstall the GRUB boot loader into the master +boot record of the first hard disk, you could enter the command +grub-install '(hd0)' to do so. + + + + +If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you +selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a +warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. +You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will +often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you +selected will be mounted on the /target directory. + + + +In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot. + + + +Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this +manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong +or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert. + + + diff --git a/fi/post-install/shutdown.xml b/fi/post-install/shutdown.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e326be12d --- /dev/null +++ b/fi/post-install/shutdown.xml @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + + Shutting Down the System + + + +To shut down a running Linux system, you must not reboot with the +reset switch on the front or back of your computer, or just turn off +the computer. Linux must be shut down in a controlled manner, +otherwise files may be lost and disk damage incurred. You can press +the key combination Ctrl +Alt Del + or Control +Shift Power on Macintosh +systems. You may also log in as +root and type shutdown -h now, +reboot, or halt if +either of the key combinations do not work or you prefer to type +commands. + + + -- cgit v1.2.3