From 38d0077a7ee31c6e72bdb098c494ff0e4a6af8a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frans Pop Date: Sat, 29 Apr 2006 19:46:52 +0000 Subject: - Switch Finnish from XML-based to PO-based translation - Correct placement of changelog entries from Joey --- fi/partitioning/device-names.xml | 161 -------------------------------- fi/partitioning/partition-programs.xml | 165 --------------------------------- fi/partitioning/partition/alpha.xml | 58 ------------ fi/partitioning/partition/hppa.xml | 22 ----- fi/partitioning/partition/i386.xml | 94 ------------------- fi/partitioning/partition/ia64.xml | 125 ------------------------- fi/partitioning/partition/mips.xml | 16 ---- fi/partitioning/partition/powerpc.xml | 57 ------------ fi/partitioning/partition/sparc.xml | 33 ------- fi/partitioning/partitioning.xml | 13 --- fi/partitioning/schemes.xml | 84 ----------------- fi/partitioning/sizing.xml | 52 ----------- fi/partitioning/tree.xml | 150 ------------------------------ 13 files changed, 1030 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/device-names.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition-programs.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/alpha.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/hppa.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/i386.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/ia64.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/mips.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/powerpc.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partition/sparc.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/partitioning.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/schemes.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/sizing.xml delete mode 100644 fi/partitioning/tree.xml (limited to 'fi/partitioning') diff --git a/fi/partitioning/device-names.xml b/fi/partitioning/device-names.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 49effd568..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/device-names.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Device Names in Linux - - -Linux disks and partition names may be different from other operating -systems. You need to know the names that Linux uses when you create -and mount partitions. Here's the basic naming scheme: - - - - - -The first floppy drive is named /dev/fd0. - - - - -The second floppy drive is named /dev/fd1. - - - - -The first SCSI disk (SCSI ID address-wise) is named -/dev/sda. - - - - -The second SCSI disk (address-wise) is named -/dev/sdb, and so on. - - - - -The first SCSI CD-ROM is named /dev/scd0, also -known as /dev/sr0. - - - - -The master disk on IDE primary controller is named -/dev/hda. - - - - -The slave disk on IDE primary controller is named -/dev/hdb. - - - - -The master and slave disks of the secondary controller can be called -/dev/hdc and /dev/hdd, -respectively. Newer IDE controllers can actually have two channels, -effectively acting like two controllers. - - -The letters may differ from what shows in the mac program pdisk -(i.e. what shows up as /dev/hdc on pdisk may show -up as /dev/hda in Debian). - - - - - - -The first XT disk is named /dev/xda. - - - - -The second XT disk is named /dev/xdb. - - - - -The first ACSI device is named /dev/ada, the -second is named /dev/adb. - - - - - - - -The first DASD device is named -/dev/dasda. - - - - -The second DASD device is named -/dev/dasdb, and so on. - - - - - - -The partitions on each disk are represented by appending a decimal -number to the disk name: sda1 and -sda2 represent the first and -second partitions of the first SCSI disk drive in your system. - - - -Here is a real-life example. Let's assume you have a system with 2 -SCSI disks, one at SCSI address 2 and the other at SCSI address 4. -The first disk (at address 2) is then named sda, -and the second sdb. If the -sda drive has 3 partitions on it, these will be -named sda1, sda2, and -sda3. The same applies to the -sdb disk and its partitions. - - - -Note that if you have two SCSI host bus adapters (i.e., controllers), -the order of the drives can get confusing. The best solution in this -case is to watch the boot messages, assuming you know the drive models -and/or capacities. - - - -Linux represents the primary partitions as the drive name, plus the -numbers 1 through 4. For example, the first primary partition on the -first IDE drive is /dev/hda1. The logical partitions are -numbered starting at 5, so the first logical partition on that same -drive is /dev/hda5. Remember that the extended -partition, that is, the primary partition holding the logical -partitions, is not usable by itself. This applies to SCSI disks as -well as IDE disks. - - - -VMEbus systems using the TEAC FC-1 SCSI floppy drive will see it as normal -SCSI disk. To make identification of the drive simpler the installation -software will create a symbolic link to the appropriate device and name -it /dev/sfd0. - - - -Sun disk partitions allow for 8 separate partitions (or slices). The -third partition is usually (and is preferred to have) the Whole -Disk partition. This partition references all of the sectors of the -disk, and is used by the boot loader (either SILO, or Sun's). - - - -The partitions on each disk are represented by appending a decimal -number to the disk name: dasda1 and -dasda2 represent the first and -second partitions of the first DASD device in your system. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition-programs.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition-programs.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 4bd51a9bb..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition-programs.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,165 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Debian Partitioning Programs - - -Several varieties of partitioning programs have been adapted by Debian -developers to work on various types of hard disks and computer -architectures. Following is a list of the program(s) applicable for -your architecture. - - - - - - -partman - - -Recommended partitioning tool in Debian. This Swiss army knife can -also resize partitions, create filesystems - (format in Windows speak) -and assign them to the mountpoints. - - - - - -fdisk - - -The original Linux disk partitioner, good for gurus. - - - -Be careful if you have existing FreeBSD partitions on your machine. -The installation kernels include support for these partitions, but the -way that fdisk represents them (or not) can make the -device names differ. See the -Linux+FreeBSD HOWTO - - - - - -cfdisk - - -A simple-to-use, full-screen disk partitioner for the rest of us. - - - -Note that cfdisk doesn't understand FreeBSD -partitions at all, and, again, device names may differ as a result. - - - - - -atari-fdisk - - -Atari-aware version of fdisk. - - - - - -amiga-fdisk - - -Amiga-aware version of fdisk. - - - - - -mac-fdisk - - -Mac-aware version of fdisk. - - - - - -pmac-fdisk - - -PowerMac-aware version of fdisk, also used by BVM -and Motorola VMEbus systems. - - - - - -fdasd - - -&arch-title; version of fdisk; Please read the -fdasd manual page or chapter 13 in - -Device Drivers and Installation Commands for details. - - - - - - - -One of these programs will be run by default when you select -Partition disks (or similar). It may be possible -to use a different partitioning tool from the command line on VT2, but this -is not recommended. - - - -If you will be working with more than 20 partitions on your ide disk, -you will need to create devices for partitions 21 and beyond. The next -step of initializing the partition will fail unless a proper device is -present. As an example, here are commands you can use in -tty2 or under Execute a shell -to add a device so the 21st partition can be initialized: - - -# cd /dev -# mknod hda21 b 3 21 -# chgrp disk hda21 -# chmod 660 hda21 - - -Booting into the new system will fail unless proper devices are present -on the target system. After installing the kernel and modules, execute: - - -# cd /target/dev -# mknod hda21 b 3 21 -# chgrp disk hda21 -# chmod 660 hda21 - - -Remember to mark your boot partition as -Bootable. - - - -One key point when partitioning for Mac type disks is that the -swap partition is identified by its name; it must be named swap. -All Mac linux partitions are the same partition type, -Apple_UNIX_SRV2. Please read the fine manual. We also suggest reading the -mac-fdisk Tutorial, which -includes steps you should take if you are sharing your disk with MacOS. - - - -&partition-alpha.xml; -&partition-hppa.xml; -&partition-i386.xml; -&partition-ia64.xml; -&partition-mips.xml; -&partition-powerpc.xml; -&partition-sparc.xml; - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/alpha.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/alpha.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 240e7bd3d..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/alpha.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - -Booting Debian from the SRM console (the only disk boot method supported -by &releasename;) requires you to have a BSD disk label, not a DOS -partition table, on your boot disk. (Remember, the SRM boot block is -incompatible with MS-DOS partition tables — see -.) As a result, partman -creates BSD disk labels when running on &architecture;, but if your disk -has an existing DOS partition table the existing partitions will need to -be deleted before partman can convert it to use a disk label. - - - -If you have chosen to use fdisk to partition your -disk, and the disk that you have selected for partitioning does not -already contain a BSD disk label, you must use the b -command to enter disk label mode. - - - -Unless you wish to use the disk you are partitioning from Tru64 Unix -or one of the free 4.4BSD-Lite derived operating systems (FreeBSD, -OpenBSD, or NetBSD), it is suggested that you do -not make the third partition contain the whole -disk. This is not required by aboot, and in fact, -it may lead to confusion since the swriteboot -utility used to install aboot in the boot sector -will complain about a partition overlapping with the boot block. - - - -Also, because aboot is written to the first few -sectors of the disk (currently it occupies about 70 kilobytes, or 150 -sectors), you must leave enough empty space at -the beginning of the disk for it. In the past, it was suggested that -you make a small partition at the beginning of the disk, to be left -unformatted. For the same reason mentioned above, we now suggest that -you do not do this on disks that will only be used by GNU/Linux. When -using partman, a small partition will still be -created for aboot for convenience reasons. - - - -For ARC installations, you should make a small FAT partition at the -beginning of the disk to contain MILO and -linload.exe — 5 megabytes should be sufficient, see -. Unfortunately, making FAT -file systems from the menu is not yet supported, so you'll have to do -it manually from the shell using mkdosfs before -attempting to install the boot loader. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/hppa.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/hppa.xml deleted file mode 100644 index e93a8bb7f..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/hppa.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - -PALO, the HPPA boot loader, requires a partition of type F0 somewhere -in the first 2GB. This is where the boot loader and an optional kernel -and RAMdisk will be stored, so make it big enough for that — at least -4Mb (I like 8–16MB). An additional requirement of the firmware is that -the Linux kernel must reside within the first 2GB of the disk. This -is typically achieved by making the root ext2 partition fit entirely -within the first 2GB of the disk. Alternatively you can create a small -ext2 partition near the start of the disk and mount that on -/boot, since that is the directory where the Linux -kernel(s) will be stored. /boot needs to be big enough -to hold whatever kernels (and backups) you might wish to load; 25–50MB -is generally sufficient. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/i386.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/i386.xml deleted file mode 100644 index c7864c635..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/i386.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - -If you have an existing other operating system such as DOS or Windows and -you want to preserve that operating system while installing Debian, you may -need to resize its partition to free up space for the Debian installation. -The installer supports resizing of both FAT and NTFS filesystems; when you -get to the installer's partitioning step, select the option to partition -manually and then simply select an existing partition and change its size. - - - -The PC BIOS generally adds additional constraints for disk -partitioning. There is a limit to how many primary and -logical partitions a drive can contain. Additionally, with pre -1994–98 BIOSes, there are limits to where on the drive the BIOS can boot -from. More information can be found in the -Linux Partition HOWTO and the -Phoenix BIOS FAQ, but -this section will include a brief overview to help you plan most situations. - - - -Primary partitions are the original partitioning scheme for PC -disks. However, there can only be four of them. To get past this -limitation, extended and logical partitions were invented. By -setting one of your primary partitions as an extended partition, you -can subdivide all the space allocated to that partition into logical -partitions. You can create up to 60 logical partitions per extended -partition; however, you can only have one extended partition per -drive. - - - -Linux limits the partitions per drive to 15 partitions for SCSI disks -(3 usable primary partitions, 12 logical partitions), and 63 -partitions on an IDE drive (3 usable primary partitions, 60 logical -partitions). However the normal &debian; system provides -only 20 devices for partitions, so you may not install on partitions -higher than 20 unless you first manually create devices for those -partitions. - - - -If you have a large IDE disk, and are using neither LBA addressing, -nor overlay drivers (sometimes provided by hard disk manufacturers), -then the boot partition (the partition containing your kernel image) -must be placed within the first 1024 cylinders of your hard drive -(usually around 524 megabytes, without BIOS translation). - - - -This restriction doesn't apply if you have a BIOS newer than around -1995–98 (depending on the manufacturer) that supports the Enhanced -Disk Drive Support Specification. Both Lilo, the Linux loader, and -Debian's alternative mbr must use the BIOS to read the -kernel from the disk into RAM. If the BIOS int 0x13 large disk access -extensions are found to be present, they will be utilized. Otherwise, -the legacy disk access interface is used as a fall-back, and it cannot -be used to address any location on the disk higher than the 1023rd -cylinder. Once Linux is booted, no matter what BIOS your computer -has, these restrictions no longer apply, since Linux does not use the -BIOS for disk access. - - - -If you have a large disk, you might have to use cylinder translation -techniques, which you can set from your BIOS setup program, such as -LBA (Logical Block Addressing) or CHS translation mode (Large). -More information about issues with large disks can be found in the -Large Disk HOWTO. If you -are using a cylinder translation scheme, and the BIOS does not support -the large disk access extensions, then your boot partition has to fit -within the translated representation of the -1024th cylinder. - - - -The recommended way of accomplishing this is to create a small (25–50MB -should suffice) partition at the beginning of the disk to be used as -the boot partition, and then create whatever other partitions you wish -to have, in the remaining area. This boot partition -must be mounted on /boot, -since that is the directory where the Linux kernel(s) will be stored. -This configuration will work on any system, regardless of whether LBA -or large disk CHS translation is used, and regardless of whether your -BIOS supports the large disk access extensions. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/ia64.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/ia64.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1dc42db62..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/ia64.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - - -The partman disk partitioner is the default -partitioning tool for the installer. -It manages the set of partitions and their mount points to ensure -that the disks and filesystems is properly configured for a successful -installation. It actually uses the parted to -do the on-disk partitioning. - - - - - EFI Recognized Formats - - -The IA64 EFI firmware supports two partition table (or disk label) -formats, GPT and MS-DOS. MS-DOS, the format typically used on i386 -PCs, is no longer recommended for IA64 systems. Although -the installer also provides the cfdisk, -you should only use the -parted because only it can manage both GPT -and MS-DOS tables correctly. - - - - - -The automatic partitioning recipes for partman -allocate an EFI partition as the first partition on the disk. -You can also set up the partition under the Guided -partitioning from the main menu in a manner similar to -setting up a swap partition. - - - -The partman partitioner will handle most disk -layouts. -For those rare cases where it is necessary to manually set up a disk, -you can use the shell as described above and run the -parted utility directly using its command line interface. -Assuming that you want to erase your whole disk and create a GPT table -and some partitions, then something similar to the following command -sequence could be used: - - - mklabel gpt - mkpartfs primary fat 0 50 - mkpartfs primary linux-swap 51 1000 - mkpartfs primary ext2 1001 3000 - set 1 boot on - print - quit - - -This creates a new partition table, and three partitions to be used as -an EFI boot partition, swap space, and a root file system. Finally it -sets the boot flag on the EFI partition. Partitions are specified in -Megabytes, with start and end offsets from the beginning of the disk. -So, for example, above we created a 1999MB ext2 file system starting -at offset 1001MB from the start of the disk. Note that formatting swap -space with parted can take a few minutes to -complete, as it scans the partition for bad blocks. - - - - - Boot Loader Partition Requirements - - - -ELILO, the ia64 boot loader, requires a partition containing a FAT -file system with the boot flag set. -The partition must be big enough to hold the boot loader and any -kernels or RAMdisks you may wish to boot. A minimum size would be -about 20MB, but if you expect to run with multiple kernels, then -128MB might be a better size. - - - -The EFI Boot Manager and the EFI Shell fully support the GPT table -so the boot partition does not necessarily have to be the first -partition or even on the same disk. -This is convenient if you should forget to allocate the partition and -only find out after you have formatted the other partitions on your disk(s). -The partman partitioner checks for an EFI partition -at the same time it checks for a properly set up root -partition. -This gives you an opportunity to correct the disk layout before the -package install begins. -The easiest way to correct this omission is to shrink the last partition -of the disk to make enough free space for adding an EFI partition. - - - -It is strongly recommended that you allocate the EFI boot partition -on the same disk as the root filesystem. - - - - - - EFI Diagnostic Partitions - - - -The EFI firmware is significantly more sophisticated than the usual -BIOS seen on most x86 PCs. -Some system vendors take advantage of the ability of the EFI to -access files and run programs from a hard disk filesystem to store diagnostics -and EFI based system management utilities on the hard disk. -This is a separate FAT format filesystem on the system disk. -Consult the system documentation and accessories that come with the -system for details. -The easiest time to set up a diagnostics partition is at the same time you -set up the EFI boot partition. - - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/mips.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/mips.xml deleted file mode 100644 index edd4d7176..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/mips.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - -SGI machines require an SGI disk label in order to make the system bootable -from hard disk. It can be created in the fdisk expert menu. The thereby -created volume header (partition number 9) should be at least 3MB large. -If the volume header created is too small, you can simply delete -partition number 9 and re-add it with a different size. Note that the -volume header must start at sector 0. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/powerpc.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/powerpc.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 99e8324ee..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/powerpc.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning Newer PowerMacs - - -If you are installing onto a NewWorld PowerMac you must create a -special bootstrap partition to hold the boot loader. The size of this -partition must be 800KB and its partition type must be -Apple_Bootstrap. If the bootstrap partition is -not created with the Apple_Bootstrap type your -machine cannot be made bootable from the hard disk. This partition -can easily be created by creating a new partition in -partman and telling it to use it as a NewWorld -boot partition, or in mac-fdisk using the -b command. - - - -The special partition type Apple_Bootstrap is required to prevent -MacOS from mounting and damaging the bootstrap partition, as there are -special modifications made to it in order for OpenFirmware to boot it -automatically. - - - -Note that the bootstrap partition is only meant to hold 3 very small -files: the yaboot binary, its configuration -yaboot.conf, and a first stage OpenFirmware -loader ofboot.b. It need not and must not be -mounted on your file system nor have kernels or anything else copied -to it. The ybin and mkofboot -utilities are used to manipulate this partition. - - - -In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian; the bootstrap -partition should appear before other boot partitions on the disk, -especially MacOS boot partitions. The bootstrap partition should be -the first one you create. However, if you add a bootstrap partition -later, you can use mac-fdisk's -r command to reorder the partition map so the -bootstrap partition comes right after the map (which is always -partition 1). It's the logical map order, not the physical address -order, that counts. - - - -Apple disks normally have several small driver partitions. If you -intend to dual boot your machine with MacOSX, you should retain these -partitions and a small HFS partition (800k is the minimum size). That -is because MacOSX, on every boot, offers to initialize any disks which do -not have active MacOS partitions and driver partitions. - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partition/sparc.xml b/fi/partitioning/partition/sparc.xml deleted file mode 100644 index f4996a519..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partition/sparc.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Partitioning for &arch-title; - - -Make sure you create a Sun disk label on your boot disk. This is -the only kind of partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, -and so it's the only scheme from which you can boot. The -s key is used in fdisk to -create Sun disk labels. - - - -Furthermore, on &arch-title; disks, make sure your first partition on -your boot disk starts at cylinder 0. While this is required, it also -means that the first partition will contain the partition table and -the boot block, which are the first two sectors of the disk. You must -not put swap on the first partition of the boot -drive, since swap partitions do not preserve the first few sectors of -the partition. You can put Ext2 or UFS partitions there; these will -leave the partition table and the boot block alone. - - - -It is also advised that the third partition should be of type Whole -disk (type 5), and contain the entire disk (from the first cylinder -to the last). This is simply a convention of Sun disk labels, and -helps the SILO boot loader keep its bearings. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fi/partitioning/partitioning.xml b/fi/partitioning/partitioning.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1ac85cf9b..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/partitioning.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Partitioning for Debian - -&sizing.xml; -&tree.xml; -&schemes.xml; -&device-names.xml; -&partition-programs.xml; - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/schemes.xml b/fi/partitioning/schemes.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 64f99c2db..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/schemes.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Recommended Partitioning Scheme - - -For new users, personal Debian boxes, home systems, and other -single-user setups, a single / partition (plus -swap) is probably the easiest, simplest way to go. However, if your -partition is larger than around 6GB, choose ext3 as your partition -type. Ext2 partitions need periodic file system integrity checking, -and this can cause delays during booting when the partition is large. - - - -For multi-user systems or systems with lots of disk space, it's best -to put /usr, /var, -/tmp, and /home each on -their own partitions separate from the / -partition. - - - -You might need a separate /usr/local partition if -you plan to install many programs that are not part of the Debian -distribution. If your machine will be a mail server, you might need -to make /var/mail a separate partition. Often, -putting /tmp on its own partition, for instance -20 to 50MB, is a good idea. If you are setting up a server with lots -of user accounts, it's generally good to have a separate, large -/home partition. In general, the partitioning -situation varies from computer to computer depending on its uses. - - - -For very complex systems, you should see the - -Multi Disk HOWTO. This contains in-depth information, mostly -of interest to ISPs and people setting up servers. - - - -With respect to the issue of swap partition size, there are many -views. One rule of thumb which works well is to use as much swap as -you have system memory. It also shouldn't be smaller than 16MB, in -most cases. Of course, there are exceptions to these rules. If you -are trying to solve 10000 simultaneous equations on a machine with -256MB of memory, you may need a gigabyte (or more) of swap. - - - -On the other hand, Atari Falcons and Macs feel pain when swapping, so -instead of making a large swap partition, get as much RAM as possible. - - - -On 32-bit architectures (i386, m68k, 32-bit SPARC, and PowerPC), the -maximum size of a swap partition is 2GB. That should be enough for -nearly any installation. However, if your swap requirements are this -high, you should probably try to spread the swap across different -disks (also called spindles) and, if possible, different SCSI or -IDE channels. The kernel will balance swap usage between multiple -swap partitions, giving better performance. - - - -As an example, an older home machine might have 32MB of RAM and a -1.7GB IDE drive on /dev/hda. There might be a -500MB partition for another operating system on -/dev/hda1, a 32MB swap partition on -/dev/hda3 and about 1.2GB on -/dev/hda2 as the Linux partition. - - - -For an idea of the space taken by tasks -you might be interested in adding after your system installation is -complete, check . - - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/sizing.xml b/fi/partitioning/sizing.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 3a7441dc6..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/sizing.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Deciding on Debian Partitions and Sizes - - -At a bare minimum, GNU/Linux needs one partition for itself. You can -have a single partition containing the entire operating system, -applications, and your personal files. Most people feel that a -separate swap partition is also a necessity, although it's not -strictly true. Swap is scratch space for an operating system, -which allows the system to use disk storage as virtual -memory. By putting swap on a separate partition, Linux can make much -more efficient use of it. It is possible to force Linux to use a -regular file as swap, but it is not recommended. - - - -Most people choose to give GNU/Linux more than the minimum number of -partitions, however. There are two reasons you might want to break up -the file system into a number of smaller partitions. The first is for -safety. If something happens to corrupt the file system, generally -only one partition is affected. Thus, you only have to replace (from -the backups you've been carefully keeping) a portion of your -system. At a bare minimum, you should consider creating what is -commonly called a root partition. This contains the most essential -components of the system. If any other partitions get corrupted, you -can still boot into GNU/Linux to fix the system. This can save you the -trouble of having to reinstall the system from scratch. - - - -The second reason is generally more important in a business setting, -but it really depends on your use of the machine. For example, a mail -server getting spammed with e-mail can easily fill a partition. If you -made /var/mail a separate partition on the mail -server, most of the system will remain working even if you get spammed. - - - -The only real drawback to using more partitions is that it is often -difficult to know in advance what your needs will be. If you make a -partition too small then you will either have to reinstall the system -or you will be constantly moving things around to make room in the -undersized partition. On the other hand, if you make the partition too -big, you will be wasting space that could be used elsewhere. Disk -space is cheap nowadays, but why throw your money away? - - - diff --git a/fi/partitioning/tree.xml b/fi/partitioning/tree.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 39646f550..000000000 --- a/fi/partitioning/tree.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - The Directory Tree - - -&debian; adheres to the -Filesystem Hierarchy Standard -for directory and file naming. This standard allows users and software -programs to predict the location of files and directories. The root -level directory is represented simply by the slash -/. At the root level, all Debian systems include -these directories: - - - - - - DirectoryContent - - - - - - bin - Essential command binaries - - boot - Static files of the boot loader - - dev - Device files - - etc - Host-specific system configuration - - home - User home directories - - lib - Essential shared libraries and kernel modules - - media - Contains mount points for replaceable media - - mnt - Mount point for mounting a file system temporarily - - proc - Virtual directory for system information (2.4 and 2.6 kernels) - - root - Home directory for the root user - - sbin - Essential system binaries - - sys - Virtual directory for system information (2.6 kernels) - - tmp - Temporary files - - usr - Secondary hierarchy - - var - Variable data - - opt - Add-on application software packages - - - - - - -The following is a list of important considerations regarding -directories and partitions. Note that disk usage varies widely given -system configuration and specific usage patterns. The recommendations -here are general guidelines and provide a starting point for -partitioning. - - - - - -The root partition / must always physically -contain /etc, /bin, -/sbin, /lib and -/dev, otherwise you won't be able to boot. -Typically 150–250 MB is needed for the root partition. - - - - -/usr: contains all user programs -(/usr/bin), libraries -(/usr/lib), documentation -(/usr/share/doc), etc. -This is the part of the file system that generally takes up most space. -You should provide at least 500 MB of disk space. This amount should -be increased depending on the number and type of packages you plan -to install. A generous workstation or server installation should allow -4-6 GB. - - - - -/var: variable data like news articles, e-mails, -web sites, databases, the packaging system cache, etc. will be placed -under this directory. The size of this directory depends greatly on -the usage of your system, but for most people will be dictated by -the package management tool's overhead. If you are going to do a full -installation of just about everything Debian has to offer, all in one -session, setting aside 2 or 3 gigabyte of space for -/var should be sufficient. If you are going to -install in pieces (that is to say, install services and utilities, -followed by text stuff, then X, ...), you can get away with 300–500 -MB. If hard drive space is at a premium and you don't plan on doing -major system updates, you can get by with as little as 30 or 40 MB. - - - - -/tmp: temporary data created by programs will -most likely go in this directory. 40–100 MB should usually -be enough. Some applications — including archive manipulators, -CD/DVD authoring tools, and multimedia software — may use -/tmp to temporarily store image files. If you -plan to use such applications, you should adjust the space available -in /tmp accordingly. - - - - -/home: every user will put his personal data -into a subdirectory of this directory. Its size depends on how many -users will be using the system and what files are to be stored in -their directories. Depending on your planned usage you should reserve -about 100 MB for each user, but adapt this value to your needs. Reserve -a lot more space if you plan to save a lot of multimedia files (pictures, MP3, movies) -in your home directory. - - - - - -- cgit v1.2.3