From 1a0b1693ebf0b53137fd26607cf8e573bf7adc56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Javier=20Fernandez-Sanguino=20Pe=C3=B1a?= Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 23:33:07 +0000 Subject: Initial (untranslated) version of new files, need to compile --- es/appendix/plip.xml | 194 +++++++++ es/appendix/preseed.xml | 1003 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 1197 insertions(+) create mode 100644 es/appendix/plip.xml create mode 100644 es/appendix/preseed.xml (limited to 'es/appendix') diff --git a/es/appendix/plip.xml b/es/appendix/plip.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..797217e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/es/appendix/plip.xml @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ + + + + + Installing &debian; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP) + + + +This section explains how to install &debian; on a computer without +Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via +a Null-Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway +computer should be connected to a network that has a Debian mirror +on it (e.g. to the Internet). + + + +In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using +a gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). +We will use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP +interfaces on the target system and the source system respectively +(these addresses should be unused within your network address space). + + + +The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available +after the reboot into the installed system (see ). + + + +Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base +address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target +systems. The most common values are io=0x378, +irq=7. + + + + + Requirements + + + + +A target computer, called target, where Debian will be +installed. + + + + +System installation media; see . + + + + +Another computer connected to the Internet, called source, +that will function as the gateway. + + + + +A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the +PLIP-Install-HOWTO for more +information on this cable and instructions how to make your own. + + + + + + + + Setting up source + + +The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the +source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0. + + +#!/bin/sh + +# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to +# reconfigure them manually. +modprobe -r lp parport_pc +modprobe parport_pc io=0x378 irq=7 +modprobe plip + +# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip) +ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up + +# Configure gateway +modprobe iptable_nat +iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE +echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward + + + + + + + Installing target + + +Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in +expert mode; enter expert at the boot prompt. +Below are the answers that should be given during various stages of +the installation. + + + + + + +Load installer components + + + +Select the plip-modules option from the list; this +will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system. + + + + +Detect network hardware + + + + + + +If target does have a network card, a list of driver +modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to +use plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. +Obviously, if target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not +show this list. + + + + +Prompt for module parameters: Yes + + + + +Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will +ask you to select a network driver module from a list. +Select the plip module. + + + + +Additional parameters for module parport_pc: +io=0x378 irq=7 + + + + +Additional parameters for module plip: leave empty + + + + + + + +Configure the network + + + + +Auto-configure network with DHCP: No + + + + +IP address: 192.168.0.1 + + + + +Point-to-point address: +192.168.0.2 + + + + +Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on +source (see /etc/resolv.conf) + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/es/appendix/preseed.xml b/es/appendix/preseed.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..640a9a9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/es/appendix/preseed.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1003 @@ + + + + + + +Automating the installation using preseeding + + + +This appendix explains the intricacies of preseeding answers to questions in +&d-i; to automate your installation. + + + +The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an +example preseed file from &urlset-example-preseed;. + + + + + Introduction + + +Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions without having to manually +enter the answers while the installation is running. This makes it possible to +fully automate most types of installation and even offers some features not +available during normal installations. + + + +Using preseeding it is possible to fill in answers to questions asked during +both the first stage of the installation (before the reboot into the new +system) and the second stage. + + + + + Preseeding methods + + +There are three methods that can be used for preseeding: +initrd, file and +network. Initrd preseeding will work with any +installation method and supports preseeding of more things, but it requires +the most preparation. File and network preseeding each can be used with +different installation methods. With file and network preseeding the first +few installer questions cannot be preseeded because the preseed configuration +file is only loaded after they have been asked. + + + +The following table shows which preseeding methods can be used with which +installation methods. + + + + + + Installation methodinitrd + filenetwork + + + + + + CD/DVD + yes + yes + no + + netboot + yes + no + yes + + hd-media (including usb-stick) + yes + yes + no + + floppy based (cd-drivers) + yes + yes + no + + floppy based (net-drivers) + yes + no + yes + + generic/tape + yes + no + yes + + + + + + + +An important difference between the preseeding methods is the point at which +the preseed configuration file is loaded and processed. For initrd preseeding +this is right at the start of the installation, before the first question is +even asked. For file preseeding this is after the CD or CD image has been +loaded. For network preseeding it is only after the network has been +configured. + + + +In practical terms this means for file and network preseeding that the +questions about language, country and keyboard selection will already have +been asked. For network preseeding add to that any questions related to +network configuration. Some other questions that are only displayed +at medium or low priority (like the first hardware detection run) will +also already have been processed. + + + +Obviously, any questions that have been processed before the +preseeding configuration file is loaded, cannot be preseeded. + offers a way to avoid these +questions being asked. + + + + + + Limitations + + +Although most questions used by &d-i; can be preseeded using this method, +there are some notable exceptions. You must (re)partition an entire disk +or use available free space on a disk; it is not possible to use existing +partitions. You currently cannot use preseeding to set up RAID and LVM. + + + + + + + + Running custom commands during the installation + + +A very powerfull and flexible option offered by the preseeding tools is the +ability to run commands or scripts at certain points in the installation. +See for details. + + + + + + preseed/early_command: is run as soon as the the + preseeding configuration file has been loaded + + + preseed/late_command: is run just before the reboot + at the end of the first stage of the installation, but before the + /target filesystem has been unmounted + + + base-config/early_command: is run early in the second + stage of the installation when base-config is starting up + + + base-config/late_command: is run at the end of + base-config, just before the login prompt + + + + + + + Using preseeding to change default values + + +It is possible to use preseeding to change the default answer for a +question, but still have the question asked. To do this the +seen flag must be reset to false after +setting the value for a template. + + + + +d-i foo/bar string value +d-i foo/bar seen false + + + + + + + Using preseeding + + +Of course you will first need to create a preseed file and place it in the +location from where you want to use it. Creating the preseed file is covered +later in this appendix. Putting it in the correct location is fairly +straightforward for network preseeding or if you want to read the file off +a floppy or usb-stick. If you want to include the file on a CD or DVD, you +will have to remaster the ISO image. How to get the preseed file included +in the initrd is outside the scope of this document; please consult the +developers documentation for &d-i;. + + + +An example preseed file that you can use as basis for your preseed file is +available from &urlset-example-preseed;. This file is based on the +configuration fragments included in this appendix. + + + + + Loading the preseed file + + +If you are using initrd preseeding, you only have to make sure a file named +preseed.cfg is included in the root directory of the +initrd. The installer will automatically check if this file is present and +load it. + + + +For the other preseeding methods you need to tell the installer what file to +use when you boot it. This is done by passing the kernel a boot parameter, +either manually at boot time or by editing the bootloader configuration file +(e.g. syslinux.cfg) and adding the parameter to the end +of the append line(s) for the kernel. + + + +If you do specify the preseed file in the bootloader configuration, you might +change the configuration so you don't need to hit enter to boot the installer. +For syslinux this means setting the timeout to 1 in +syslinux.cfg. + + + +To make sure the installer gets the right preseed file, you can optionally +specify a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a md5sum, and if +specified it must match the preseed file or the installer will refuse to use it. + + + + +Boot parameters to specify: +- if you're netbooting: + preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed.cfg + preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +- if you're booting a remastered CD: + preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg + preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +- if you're installing from USB media (put the preseed file in the + toplevel directory of the USB stick): + preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg + preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + + + + +While you're at it, you may want to add a boot parameter +debconf/priority=critical. This will avoid most +questions even if the preseeding below misses some. + + + + + + Using boot parameters to supplement preseeding + + +Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using some forms +of preseeding because the questions are asked before the preseed file is +loaded. For example, if the preseed file is downloaded over the network, +the network setup must be done first. One reason to use initrd preseeding +is that it allows preseeding of even these early steps of the installation +process. + + + +If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can +still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel +on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value +for any of the preseed variables listed in the examples. + + + + +The 2.4 kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and +8 environment options (including any options added by default for the +installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any +excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. For kernel 2.6.9 and later, +you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. + + + + +For most installations some of the default options in your bootloader +configuration file, like 'vga=normal', may be safely removed which may +allow you to add more options for preseeding. + + + + +It may not always be possible to specify values with spaces for boot +parameters, even if you delimit them with quotes. + + + + + + + Creating a preseed file + + +The preconfiguration file is in the format used by the +debconf-set-selections command. + + + + + + File format + + + Only single space allowed between template type and value + + + Relation with /var/lib/(c)debconf/templates + + + Types of templates and how to provide values for them + + + Most values need to be in English or codes + + + Using a manual installation as base + + + Finding other possible values + + + + + +To check if the format of your preseed file is valid before performing an +install, you can use the command debconf-set-selections -c +preseed.cfg. + + + + + + Preseeding the first stage of the installation + + +The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an +example preseed file from &urlset-example-preseed;. + + + +Note that this example is based on an installation for the Intel x86 +architecture. If you are installing a different architecture, some of the +examples (like keyboard selection and bootloader installation) may not be +relevant and will need to be replaced by debconf settings appropriate for your +architecture. + + + + + Localization + + +Setting localization values will only work if you are using initrd preseeding. +With all other methods the preseed file will only be loaded after these +questions have been asked. + + + +The locale can be used to specify both language and country. +To specify the locale as a boot parameter, use +debian-installer/locale=en_US. + + +# Locale sets language and country. +d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US + + + + +Keyboard configuration consists of selecting a keyboard architecture and a +keymap. In most cases the correct keyboard architecture is selected by +default, so there's normally no need to preseed it. The keymap must +be valid for the selected keyboard architecture. + + +# Keyboard selection. +#d-i console-tools/archs select at +d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us +# Example for a different keyboard architecture +#d-i console-keymaps-usb/keymap select mac-usb-us + + + + +To skip keyboard configuration preseed +console-tools/archs with +skip-config. +This will result in the kernel keymap remaining active. + + + + + +The changes in the input layer for 2.6 kernels have made the keyboard +architecture virtually obsolete. For 2.6 kernels normally a PC +(at) keymap should be selected. + + + + + + Network configuration + + +Of course, preseeding the network configuration won't work if you're +loading your preseed file from the network. But it's great when you're +booting from CD or USB stick. If you are loading preseed files from +the network, you can pass network config parameters in using kernel +boot parameters. + + + + +# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it +# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto + +# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for +# it, this might be useful. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 + +# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true +#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 +#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 +#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true + +# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over +# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions +# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp. +d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname +d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain + +# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish + + + + + + Mirror settings + + +Depending on the installation method you use, a mirror may used both to +download additional components of the installer, the base system and to +set up the /etc/apt/sources.list for the installed +system. + + + +The parameter mirror/suite determines the suite for +the installed system. + + + +The parameter mirror/udeb/suite determines the suite +for additional components for the installer. It is only useful to set this +if components are actually downloaded over the network and should match the +suite that was used to build the initrd for the installation method used for +the installation. +By default the value for mirror/udeb/suite is the same +as mirror/suite. + + + + +d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org +d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian +d-i mirror/http/proxy string + +# Suite to install. +#d-i mirror/suite string testing +# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional). +#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing + + + + + + Partitioning + + +Using preseeding to partition the harddisk is very much limited to what is +supported by partman-auto. You can choose to either +partition existing free space on a disk or a whole disk. The layout of the +disk can be determined by using a predefined recipe, a custom recipe from +a recipe file or a recipe included in the preseed file. It is currently not +possible to partition multiple disks using preseeding nor to set up RAID or +LVM. + + + + + +The identification of disks is dependent on the order in which their drivers +are loaded. If there are multiple disks in the system, make very sure the +correct one will be selected before using preseeding. + + + + +# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ +# select Use the largest continuous free space + +# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can +# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. +# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc + +# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ + select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ +# select Separate /home partition +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ +# select Separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions + +# Or provide a recipe of your own... +# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can +# just point at it. +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe + +# If not, you can put an entire recipe the preseed file in one (logical) +# line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and +# uses the rest of the space for the root partition: +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ +# boot-root :: \ +# 40 50 100 ext3 \ +# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ /boot } \ +# . \ +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ / } \ +# . \ +# 64 512 300% linux-swap \ +# method{ swap } format{ } \ +# . + +# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true +d-i partman/choose_partition \ + select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +d-i partman/confirm boolean true + + + + + + Clock and time zone setup + + +# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. +d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true + +# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of +# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values. +d-i time/zone string US/Eastern + + + + + + Apt setup + + +Setup of the /etc/apt/sources.list and basic configuration +options is fully automated based on your installation method and answers to +earlier questions. Only the two variables below are relevant for preseeding. + + + + +# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +#d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true +#d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true + + + + + + Account setup + + +The password for the root account and name and password for a first regular +user's account can be preseeded. For the passwords you can use either clear +text values or MD5 hashes. + + + + +Be aware that preseeding passwords is not completely secure as everyone +with access to the preseed file will have the knowledge of these passwords. +Using MD5 hashes is considered slightly better in terms of security but it +might also give a false sense of security as access to a MD5 hash allows +for brute force attacks. + + + + +# Root password, either in clear text +#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme +#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme +# or encrypted using an MD5 hash. +#passwd passwd/root-password-crypted password [MD5 hash] + +# Skip creation of a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false + +# Alternatively, create a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User +#passwd passwd/username string debian +# Normal user's password, either in clear text +#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure +#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure +# or encrypted using an MD5 hash. +#passwd passwd/user-password-crypted password [MD5 hash] + + + + +The passwd/root-password-crypted and +passwd/user-password-crypted variables can also be +preseeded with ! as their value. In that case, the corresponding +account is disabled. This may be convenient for the root account, provided +of course that an alternate method is setup to allow administrative +activities or root login (for instance by using SSH key authentication or +sudo). + + + +An MD5 hash for a password can be generated using the following command. + + +$ echo "r00tme" | mkpasswd -s -H MD5 + + + + + + + Boot loader installation + + +# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed +# instead, uncomment this: +#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true + +# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR +# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true + +# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS +# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true + +# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, +# uncomment and edit these lines: +#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) +#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false +#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false + + + + + + Finishing up the first stage install + + +# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note + +# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot, +# which is useful in some situations. +#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false + + + + + + + Preseeding the second stage of the installation + + + Base config + + +# Avoid the introductory message. +base-config base-config/intro note + +# Avoid the final message. +base-config base-config/login note + +# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately +# after base-config finishes. +#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false + +# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. +# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project +# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. +#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false + + + + + + Package selection + + +You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. +Available tasks as of this writing include: + + + + + + Standard system + + + Desktop environment + + + Web server + + + Print server + + + DNS server + + + File server + + + Mail server + + + SQL database + + + Laptop + + + manual package selection + + + + + +The last of these will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no tasks, +and force the installation of a set of packages in some other way. We recommend +always including the Standard system task. + + + + +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Standard system, Desktop environment +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Standard system, Web server + + + + + + Mailer configuration + + +During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to +avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. + + + + +exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ + select no configuration at this time +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string + + + + + + X configuration + + +Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know +some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X +configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. + + + + +# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, +# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa + +# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it +# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of +# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true + +# Monitor autodetection is recommended. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +# Uncomment if you have an LCD display. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed +# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not +# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ + select medium +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ + select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz + + + + + + Preseeding other packages + + +# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong +# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may +# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every +# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an +# installation, and then run these commands: +# debconf-get-selections --installer > file +# debconf-get-selections >> file + + + + + + + Advanced options + + + Shell commands + + +# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks +# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a +# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted +# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's +# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, +# automatically. + +# This first command is run as early as possible, just after +# preseeding is read. +#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb + +# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is +# still a usable /target directory. +#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar + +# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom + +# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: +# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to +# tweak the configuration of the system. +#base-config base-config/late_command \ +# string apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh + + + + + + Chainloading preseed files + + +It is possible to include other preseed files from a preseed file. Any +settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from files +loaded earlier. This makes it possible to put, for example, general +networking settings for your location in one file and more specific +settings for certain configurations in other files. + + + + +# More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be +# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their +# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from +# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg + +# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preseed files before +# using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums +# in the same order as the list of files to include. +#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of +# preseed files, includes those files. +#d-i preseed/include_command \ +# string echo if [ "`hostname`" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi + + + + + -- cgit v1.2.3