From 1ea73eea5ecc6a8ed901316049259aee737ee554 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Joey Hess Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 19:51:38 +0000 Subject: move manual to top-level directory, split out of debian-installer package --- da/boot-new/boot-new.xml | 290 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/apt.xml | 97 +++++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/install.xml | 39 ++++++ da/boot-new/modules/mta.xml | 93 +++++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/packages.xml | 128 +++++++++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/ppp.xml | 112 +++++++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/shadow.xml | 69 ++++++++++ da/boot-new/modules/timezone.xml | 30 ++++ 8 files changed, 858 insertions(+) create mode 100644 da/boot-new/boot-new.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/apt.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/install.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/mta.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/packages.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/ppp.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/shadow.xml create mode 100644 da/boot-new/modules/timezone.xml (limited to 'da/boot-new') diff --git a/da/boot-new/boot-new.xml b/da/boot-new/boot-new.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..651c27f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/boot-new.xml @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ + + + + + Booting Into Your New Debian System + + The Moment of Truth + + +Your system's first boot on its own power is what electrical engineers +call the smoke test. + + + +If you are booting directly into Debian, and the system doesn't start +up, either use your original installation boot media, or insert the +custom boot floppy if you have one, and reset your system. This way, +you will probably need to add some boot arguments like +root=root, where +root is your root partition, such as +/dev/sda1. + + + + BVME 6000 Booting + + +If you have just performed a diskless install on a BVM or Motorola +VMEbus machine: once the system has loaded the +tftplilo program from the TFTP server, from the +LILO Boot: prompt enter one of: + + + + +b6000 followed by &enterkey; +to boot a BVME 4000/6000 + + + +b162 followed by &enterkey; +to boot an MVME162 + + + +b167 followed by &enterkey; +to boot an MVME166/167 + + + + + + + + + Macintosh Booting + + + +Go to the directory containing the installation files and start up the +Penguin booter, holding down the +command key. Go to the +Settings dialogue ( +command T ), and locate +the kernel options line which should look like +root=/dev/ram video=font:VGA8x16 or similar. + + + +You need to change the entry to +root=/dev/yyyy. +Replace the yyyy with the Linux name of the +partition onto which you installed the system +(e.g. /dev/sda1); you wrote this down earlier. +The video=font:VGA8x8 is recommended especially +for users with tiny screens. The kernel would pick a prettier (6x11) +font but the console driver for this font can hang the machine, so +using 8x16 or 8x8 is safer at this stage. You can change this at any +time. + + + +If you don't want to start GNU/Linux immediately each time you start, +uncheck the Auto Boot option. Save your +settings in the Prefs file using the +Save Settings As Default option. + + + +Now select Boot Now ( +command B ) to start your +freshly installed GNU/Linux instead of the RAMdisk installer system. + + + +Debian should boot, and you should see the same messages as +when you first booted the installation system, followed by some new +messages. + + + + + + OldWorld PowerMacs + + +If the machine fails to boot after completing the installation, and +stops with a boot: prompt, try typing +Linux followed by &enterkey;. (The default boot +configuration in quik.conf is labeled Linux). The +labels defined in quik.conf will be displayed if +you press the Tab key at the boot: +prompt. You can also try booting back into the installer, and editing +the /target/etc/quik.conf placed there by the +Install Quik on a Hard +Disk step. Clues for dealing with +quik are available at . + + + +To boot back into MacOS without resetting the nvram, type +bye at the OpenFirmware prompt (assuming MacOS +has not been removed from the machine). To obtain an OpenFirmware +prompt, hold down the command +option o f + keys while cold booting the machine. If you need to reset +the OpenFirmware nvram changes to the MacOS default in order to boot +back to MacOS, hold down the command +option p r + keys while cold booting the machine. + + + +If you use BootX to boot into the installed system, +just select your desired kernel in the Linux +Kernels folder, un-choose the ramdisk option, and add +a root device corresponding to your installation; +e.g. /dev/hda8. + + + + + + NewWorld PowerMacs + + +On G4 machines and iBooks, you can hold down the +option key and get a graphical screen with a button +for each bootable OS, &debian; will be a button with a small penguin +icon. + + + +If you kept MacOS and at some point it changes the OpenFirmware +boot-device variable you should reset OpenFirmware to +its default configuration. To do this hold down the +command option p +r keys while cold booting the machine. + + + +The labels defined in yaboot.conf will be +displayed if you press the Tab key at the +boot: prompt. + + + +Resetting OpenFirmware on G3 or G4 hardware will cause it to boot +&debian; by default (if you correctly partitioned and placed the +Apple_Bootstrap partition first). If you have &debian; on a SCSI disk +and MacOS on an IDE disk this may not work and you will have to enter +OpenFirmware and set the boot-device variable, +ybin normally does this automatically. + + + +After you boot &debian; for the first time you can add any additional +options you desire (such as dual boot options) to +/etc/yaboot.conf and run ybin +to update your boot partition with the changed configuration. Please +read the yaboot HOWTO +for more information. + + + + + + + Debian Post-Boot (Base) Configuration + + + +After booting, you will be prompted to complete the configuration of +your basic system, and then to select what additional packages you +wish to install. The application which guides you through this +process is called base-config. Its concept is +very similar to the &d-i; from the first stage. Indeed, +base-config consists of a number of specialized +components, where each component handles one configuration task, +contains hidden menu in the background and also uses +the same navigation system. + + + +If you wish to re-run the base-config at any +point after installation is complete, as root run +base-config. + + + +&module-bc-timezone.xml; +&module-bc-shadow.xml; +&module-bc-ppp.xml; +&module-bc-apt.xml; +&module-bc-packages.xml; +&module-bc-install.xml; +&module-bc-mta.xml; + + + + + Log In + + + +After you've installed packages, you'll be presented with the login +prompt. Log in using the personal login and password you +selected. Your system is now ready to use. + + + +If you are a new user, you may want to explore the documentation which +is already installed on your system as you start to use it. There are +currently several documentation systems, work is proceeding on +integrating the different types of documentation. Here are a few +starting points. + + + +Documentation accompanying programs you have installed is in +/usr/share/doc/, under a subdirectory named after +the program. For example, the APT User's Guide for using +apt to install other programs on your system, is +located in +/usr/share/doc/apt/guide.html/index.html. + + + + +In addition, there are some special folders within the +/usr/share/doc/ hierarchy. Linux HOWTOs are +installed in .gz format, in +/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/ and +/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/. The +/usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html contains +browse-able indexes of documentation installed by +dhelp. + + + +One easy way to view these documents is to cd +/usr/share/doc/, and type lynx +followed by a space and a dot (the dot stands for the current +directory). + + + +You can also type info +command or man +command to see documentation on +most commands available at the command prompt. Typing +help will display help on shell commands. And +typing a command followed by --help will +usually display a short summary of the command's usage. If a command's +results scroll past the top of the screen, type | +more after the command to cause the results to pause +before scrolling past the top of the screen. To see a list of all +commands available which begin with a certain letter, type the letter +and then two tabs. + + + +For a more complete introduction to Debian and GNU/Linux, see +/usr/share/doc/debian-guide/html/noframes/index.html. + + + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/apt.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/apt.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12d2a208b --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/apt.xml @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + + + + Configuring APT + + + +The main means that people use to install packages on their system is +via a program called apt-get, from the +apt package. + + + +Note that the actual program that installs packages is called +dpkg. However, this package is more of a low-level +tool. apt-get will invoke dpkg +as appropriate; it is a higher-level too, however, because it knows to +install other packages which are required for the package you're +trying to install, as well as how to retrieve the package from your +CD, the network, or wherever. + + + + +APT must be configured, however, so that it knows where to retrieve +packages from. The helper application which assists in this task is +called apt-setup. + + + +The next step in your configuration process is to tell APT where other +Debian packages can be found. Note that you can re-run this tool at +any point after installation by running apt-setup, +or by manually editing /etc/apt/sources.list. + + + +If an official CD-ROM is in the drive at this point, then that CD-ROM +should automatically be configured as an apt source without prompting. +You will notice this because you will see the CD-ROM being scanned. + + + +For users without an official CD-ROM, you will be offered an array of +choices for how Debian packages are accessed: FTP, HTTP, CD-ROM, or +a local file system. + + + +You should know that it's perfectly acceptable to have a number of +different APT sources, even for the same Debian archive. +apt-get will automatically pick the package with +the highest version number given all the available versions. Or, for +instance, if you have both an HTTP and a CD-ROM APT source, +apt-get should automatically use the local CD-ROM +when possible, and only resort to HTTP if a newer version is available +there. However, it is not a good idea to add unnecessary APT sources, +since this will tend to slow down the process of checking the network +archives for new versions. + + + + + Configuring Network Package Sources + + + +If you plan on installing the rest of your system via the network, the +most common option is to select the http +source. The ftp source is also acceptable, but +tends to be a little slower making connections. + + + +The next step during the configuration of network packages sources is +to tell apt-setup which country you live in. This +configures which of the official Debian Internet mirror network you +connect to. Depending on which country you select, you will be given +a list of possible machines. Its generally fine to pick the one on +the top of the list, but any of them should work. + + + +If you are installing via HTTP, you will be asked to configure your +proxy server. This is sometimes required by people behind firewalls, +on corporate networks, etc. + + + +Finally, your new network package source will be tested. If all goes +well, you will be prompted whether you want to do it all over again +with another network source. + + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/install.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0998127e --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + + + Prompts During Software Installation + + + +Each package you selected with tasksel or +aptitude is +downloaded, unpacked and then installed in turn by the +apt-get and dpkg programs. If +a particular program needs more information from the user, it will +prompt you during this process. You might also want to keep an eye on +the output during the process, to watch for any installation errors +(although you will be asked to acknowledge errors which prevented +a package's installation). + + + + + Settings for the X Server + + + +On iMacs, and some older Macintoshes as well, the X Server software +doesn't calculate appropriate video settings. You will need to choose +the 'Advanced' option during configuration of the video settings. For +the monitor's horizontal sync range, enter 59-63. You can leave the +default for vertical refresh range. + + + +The mouse device should be set to +/dev/input/mice. + + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/mta.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/mta.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5290c4254 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/mta.xml @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ + + + + + Configuring Your Mail Transport Agent + + + +Today, email is a very important part of many people's life, so it's +no surprise Debian lets you configure your mail system right as a part +of the installation process. The standard mail transport agent in +Debian is exim4, which is relatively small, +flexible, and easy to learn. + + + +You may ask if this is needed even if your computer is not connected +to any network. The short answer is: Yes. The longer explanation: Some +system utilities (like cron, +quota, aide, …) may send +you important notices via email. + + + +So on the first screen you will be presented with several common mail +scenarios. Choose the one that most closely resembles your needs: + + + + + +internet site + + +Your system is connected to a network and your mail is sent and +received directly using SMTP. On the following screens you will be +asked a few basic questions, like your machine's mail name, or a list of +domains for which you accept or relay mail. + + + + + +mail sent by smarthost + + +In this scenario is your outgoing mail forwarded to another machine, +called a smarthost, which does the actual job for +you. Smarthost also usually stores incoming mail addresed to your +computer, so you don't need to be permanently online. That also means +you have to download your mail from the smarthost via programs like +fetchmail. This option is suitable for dial-up users. + + + + + +local delivery only + + +Your system is not on a network and mail is sent or received only +between local users. Even if you don't plan to send any messages, this +option is highly recommended, because some system utilities may send +you various alerts from time to time (e.g. beloved Disk quota +exceeded). This option is also convenient for new users, +because it doesn't ask any further questions. + + + + + +no configuration at this time + + +Choose this if you are absolutely convinced you know what you are +doing. This will leave you with an unconfigured mail system — +until you configure it, you won't be able to send or receive any mail +and you may miss some important messages from your system utilities. + + + + + + + +If none of these scenarios suits your needs, or if you need a finer +setup, you will need to edit configuration files under the +/etc/exim4 directory after the installation is +complete. More information about exim4 may be found +under /usr/share/doc/exim4. + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/packages.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/packages.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccfed03d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/packages.xml @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + + + Package Installation + + + +Next you will be offered a number of pre-rolled software +configurations offered by Debian. You could always choose, package by +package, what you want to install on your new machine. This is the +purpose of the aptitude program, described below. +But this can be a long task with around &num-of-distrib-pkgs; packages +available in Debian! + + + +So, you have the ability to choose tasks first, +and then add on more individual packages later. These tasks loosely +represent a number of different jobs or things you want to do with +your computer, such as desktop environment, +web server, or print server. + + + + +You should know that to present this list, +base-config is merely invoking the +tasksel program. For manual package +selection, the +aptitude program is being run. Any of these can be +run at any time after installation to install (or remove) more +packages. If you are looking for a specific single package, after +installation is complete, simply run apt-get install +package, where +package is the name of the package you are +looking for. + + + + + +If you do want to choose what to install on a package by package basis, +select the manual package selection in +tasksel. + + + +Once you've selected your tasks, select +Ok. At this point, +aptitude will install the packages you've +selected. Note, even if you did not select any tasks at all, any standard, +important, or required priority packages that are not yet present on +your system will be installed. This functionality is the same as +running tasksel -s at the command line, and +currently involves +a download of about 37M of archives. You will be shown the number of +packages to be installed, and how many kilobytes of packages, if any, +need to be downloaded. + + + +Of the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; packages available in Debian, only +a small minority are covered by tasks offered in the Task Installer. +To see information on more packages, either use apt-cache +search search-string for some +given search string (see the +apt-cache 8 + man page), or run +aptitude as described below. + + + + + Advanced Package Selection with <command>aptitude</command> + + + +Aptitude is a modern program for managing +packages. aptitude allows you to +select individual packages, set of packages matching given criteria +(for advanced users), or whole tasks. + + + +The most basic keybindings are: + + + + + + KeyAction + + + + + + Up, Down + Move selection up or down. + + &enterkey; + Open/collapse/activate item. + + + + Mark package for installation. + + - + Mark package for removal. + + d + Show package dependencies. + + g + Actually download/install/remove packages. + + q + Quit current view. + + F10 + Activate menu. + + + +For more commands see the online help under the ? key. + + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/ppp.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/ppp.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a707fd2b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/ppp.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ + + + + + Setting Up PPP + + + +If your computer is not connected to a network, you will next be asked +whether you wish to install the rest of the system using PPP. + + + +If you do choose to configure PPP at this point, a program named +pppconfig will be run. This program helps you +configure your PPP connection. Make sure, when it asks you +for the name of your dialup connection, that you name it +provider. + + + +Hopefully, the pppconfig program will walk you +through a pain-free PPP connection setup. However, if it does not +work for you, see below for detailed instructions. + + + +In order to setup PPP, you'll need to know the basics of file viewing +and editing in GNU/Linux. To view files, you should use +more, and zmore for compressed +files with a .gz extension. For example, to +view README.debian.gz, type zmore +README.debian.gz. The base system comes with an editor +named nano, which is very simple to use, but does +not have a lot of features. You will probably want to install more +full-featured editors and viewers later, such as +jed, nvi, +less, and emacs. + + + +Edit /etc/ppp/peers/provider and replace +/dev/modem with +/dev/ttyS# where +# stands for the number of your serial +port. In Linux, serial ports are counted from 0; your first serial +port (i.e., COM1) +is /dev/ttyS0 under Linux. + +On Macintoshes with serial ports, the +modem port is /dev/ttyS0 and the printer port is +/dev/ttyS1. + +The next step is to edit +/etc/chatscripts/provider and insert your +provider's phone number, your user-name and password. Please do not +delete the \q that precedes the password. It hides the +password from appearing in your log files. + + + +Many providers use PAP or CHAP for login sequence instead of text mode +authentication. Others use both. If your provider requires PAP or +CHAP, you'll need to follow a different procedure. Comment out +everything below the dialing string (the one that starts with +ATDT) in +/etc/chatscripts/provider, modify +/etc/ppp/peers/provider as described above, and +add user name where +name stands for your user-name for the +provider you are trying to connect to. Next, edit +/etc/ppp/pap-secrets or +/etc/ppp/chap-secrets and enter your password +there. + + + +You will also need to edit /etc/resolv.conf and +add your provider's name server (DNS) IP addresses. The lines in +/etc/resolv.conf are in the following format: +nameserver +xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx where the +xs stand for numbers in your IP +address. Optionally, you could add the +usepeerdns option to the +/etc/ppp/peers/provider file, which will enable +automatic choosing of appropriate DNS servers, using settings the +remote host usually provides. + + + +Unless your provider has a login sequence different from the majority +of ISPs, you are done! Start the PPP connection by typing +pon as root, and monitor the process using +plog command. To disconnect, use +poff, again, as root. + + + +Read /usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz file for +more information on using PPP on Debian. + + + +For static SLIP connections, you will need to add the +slattach command (from the +net-tools package) into +/etc/init.d/network. Dynamic SLIP will require +the gnudip package. + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/shadow.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/shadow.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4ac0ce1e --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/shadow.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + + + + + Setting Up Users And Passwords + + + Set the Root Password + + + +The root account is also called the +super-user; it is a login that bypasses all +security protection on your system. The root account should only be +used to perform system administration, and only used for as short +a time as possible. + + + +Any password you create should contain at least 6 characters, and +should contain both upper- and lower-case characters, as well as +punctuation characters. Take extra care when setting your root +password, since it is such a powerful account. Avoid dictionary +words or use of any personal information which could be guessed. + + + +If anyone ever tells you they need your root password, be extremely +wary. You should normally never give your root password out, unless you +are administering a machine with more than one system administrator. + + + + + + Create an Ordinary User + + + +The system will ask you whether you wish to create an ordinary user +account at this point. This account should be your main personal +log-in. You should not use the root account for +daily use or as your personal login. + + + +Why not? Well, one reason to avoid using root's privileges is that it +is very easy to do irreparable damage as root. Another reason is that +you might be tricked into running a Trojan-horse +program — that is a program that takes advantage of your +super-user powers to compromise the security of your system behind +your back. Any good book on Unix system administration will cover this +topic in more detail — consider reading one if it is new to you. + + + +You will first be prompted for the user's full name. Then you'll be asked +for a name for the user account; generally your first name or something +similar will suffice and indeed will be the default. Finally, you will be +prompted for a password for this account. + + + +If at any point after installation you would like to create another +account, use the adduser command. + + + + diff --git a/da/boot-new/modules/timezone.xml b/da/boot-new/modules/timezone.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7edc7917 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/boot-new/modules/timezone.xml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + + + + Configuring Your Time Zone + + + +After a welcome screen, you will be prompted to configure your time zone. +First select whether the hardware clock of your system is set to local +time or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT or UTC). The time displayed in the dialog +may help you decide on the correct option. +Macintosh hardware clocks are normally +set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of +GMT. +Systems that (also) run Dos or Windows are normally +set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of +GMT. + + + +Depending on the location selected at the beginning of the installation +process, you will next be shown either a single timezone or a list of +timezones relevant for that location. If a single timezone is shown, choose +Yes to confirm or choose No +to select from the full list of timezones. If a list is shown, select your +timezone from the list, or select Other for the full list. + + + -- cgit v1.2.3