From 1ea73eea5ecc6a8ed901316049259aee737ee554 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Joey Hess Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 19:51:38 +0000 Subject: move manual to top-level directory, split out of debian-installer package --- da/appendix/chroot-install.xml | 498 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 498 insertions(+) create mode 100644 da/appendix/chroot-install.xml (limited to 'da/appendix/chroot-install.xml') diff --git a/da/appendix/chroot-install.xml b/da/appendix/chroot-install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba3835a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/da/appendix/chroot-install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ + + + + + Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System + + + +This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing +Unix or Linux system, without using the ncurses-based, menu-driven +installer as explained in the rest of the manual. This "cross-install" +HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from +Redhat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with +entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In +this section, $ symbolizes a command to be entered in +the user's current system, while # refers to a +command entered in the Debian chroot. + + + +Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, +you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on +rolling. This is therefore a "zero downtime" &debian; +install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that +otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation +media. + + + + + Getting Started + + +With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard +drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You +need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install, +or at least 300MB if you plan to install X. + + + +To create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create an +ext3 file system on partition /dev/hda6 (that's +our example root partition): + + + + $ mke2fs -j /dev/hda6 + + + +To create an ext2 file system instead, omit -j. + + + +Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for +your intended Debian swap partition): + + + + $ mkswap /dev/hda5 + $ sync; sync; sync + $ swapon /dev/hda5 + + + + + +Mount one partition as /mnt/debinst (the +installation point, to be the root (/) filesystem +on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is +referenced later below. + + + + $ mkdir /mnt/debinst + $ mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst + + + + + + + + Install <command>debootstrap</command> + + +The tool that the Debian installer uses, which is recognized as the +official way to install a Debian base system, is +debootstrap. It uses wget, but +otherwise depends only on /bin/sh. Install +wget if it isn't already on your current system, +then download and install debootstrap. + + + +If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the +.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at + + + + +Or, you can use the following procedure to install it +manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: + + + + $ mkdir work + $ cd work + + + + +The debootstrap binary is located in the Debian +archive (be sure to select the proper file for your +architecture). Download the debootstrap .deb from +the +pool, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the +binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install +the binaries. + + + + $ ar -xf debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb + $ cd / + $ zcat < /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv + + + + + + + + Run <command>debootstrap</command> + + +debootstrap can download the needed files directly +from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian +archive mirror for http.us.debian.org/debian in +the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you +network-wise. Mirrors are listed at +. + + + +If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at +/cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead +of the http URL: file:/cdrom/debian/ + + + +Substitute one of the following for ARCH +in the debootstrap command: + +alpha, +arm, +hppa, +i386, +ia64, +m68k, +mips, +mipsel, +powerpc, +s390, or +sparc. + + + + $ /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH sarge \ + /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian + + + + + + + + + Configure The Base System + + + +Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. +Chroot into it: + + + + $ chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash + + + + + + Mount Partitions + + +You need to create /etc/fstab. + + + + # editor /etc/fstab + + + + + +Here is a sample you can modify to suit: + + + +# /etc/fstab: static file system information. +# +# file system mount point type options dump pass +/dev/XXX / ext2 defaults 0 0 +/dev/XXX /boot ext2 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 + +/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0 +proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 + +/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0 +/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0 + +/dev/XXX /tmp ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /var ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /usr ext2 rw,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /home ext2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 + + + + + +Use mount -a to mount all the file systems you +have specified in your /etc/fstab, or to mount +file systems individually use: + + + + # mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr + + + + + +You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary +locations, though /proc is customary. If you didn't use +mount -a, be sure to mount proc before +continuing: + + + + # mount -t proc proc /proc + + + + + + + + + Configure Keyboard + + + +To configure your keyboard: + + + + # dpkg-reconfigure console-data + + + + + + + + Configure Networking + + +To configure networking, edit +/etc/network/interfaces, +/etc/resolv.conf, and +/etc/hostname. + + + + # editor /etc/network/interfaces + + + + + +Here are some simple examples from +/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples: + + +###################################################################### +# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) +# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are +# available. +###################################################################### + +# We always want the loopback interface. +# +auto lo +iface lo inet loopback + +# To use dhcp: +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet dhcp + +# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional) +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet static +# address 192.168.0.42 +# network 192.168.0.0 +# netmask 255.255.255.0 +# broadcast 192.168.0.255 +# gateway 192.168.0.1 + + + + +Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in +/etc/resolv.conf: + + + + # editor /etc/resolv.conf + + + + + +A simple /etc/resolv.conf: + + + +# search hqdom.local\000 +# nameserver 10.1.1.36 +# nameserver 192.168.9.100 + + + + + +Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): + + + + # echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname + + + + + +If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of +driver modules in the /etc/modules file into the +desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the +interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect. + + + + + + Configure Timezone, Users, and APT + + + +Set your timezone, add a normal user, and choose your apt +sources by running + + + + # /usr/sbin/base-config new + + + + + + + Configure Locales + + +To configure your locale settings to use a language other than +English, install the locales support package and configure it: + + + + # apt-get install locales + # dpkg-reconfigure locales + + + +NOTE: Apt must be configured before, ie. during the base-config phase. +Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1, +please consult the appropriate localisation HOWTO. + + + + + + + Install a Kernel + + + +If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel +and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with + + + + # apt-cache search kernel-image + + + + + +Then install your choice using its package name. + + + + # apt-get install kernel-image-2.X.X-arch-etc + + + + + + + +Set up the Boot Loader + + +To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load +the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that debootstrap +does not install a boot loader, though you can use apt-get inside your +Debian chroot to do so. + + + +Check info grub or man +lilo.conf for instructions on setting up the +bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just +add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub +menu.lst or lilo.conf. For +lilo.conf, you could also copy it to the new system and +edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use +lilo.conf relative to the system you call it from). + + + +Here is a basic /etc/lilo.conf as an example: + + + +boot=/dev/hda6 +root=/dev/hda6 +install=/boot/boot-menu.b +delay=20 +lba32 +image=/vmlinuz +label=Debian + + + + + +Check man yaboot.conf for instructions on +setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to +install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your +existing yaboot.conf. You could also copy it to +the new system and +edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will +use yaboot.conf relative to the system you call it from). + + + +Here is a basic /etc/yaboot.conf as an example: + + + +boot=/dev/hda2 +device=hd: +partition=6 +root=/dev/hda6 +magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot +timeout=50 +image=/vmlinux +label=Debian + + + +On some machines, you may need to use ide0: +instead of hd:. + + + + -- cgit v1.2.3