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-rw-r--r--po/uk/administrivia.po202
-rw-r--r--po/uk/bookinfo.po97
-rw-r--r--po/uk/boot-installer.po3417
-rw-r--r--po/uk/boot-new.po421
-rw-r--r--po/uk/gpl.po669
-rw-r--r--po/uk/hardware.po2870
-rw-r--r--po/uk/install-methods.po1380
-rw-r--r--po/uk/installation-howto.po439
-rw-r--r--po/uk/partitioning.po1098
-rw-r--r--po/uk/post-install.po680
-rw-r--r--po/uk/preface.po54
-rw-r--r--po/uk/preparing.po2324
-rw-r--r--po/uk/preseed.po2296
-rw-r--r--po/uk/random-bits.po1663
-rw-r--r--po/uk/using-d-i.po4259
-rw-r--r--po/uk/welcome.po766
16 files changed, 22635 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/po/uk/administrivia.po b/po/uk/administrivia.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e849fda15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/administrivia.po
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: administrivia_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: administrivia.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Administrivia"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: administrivia.xml:9
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "About This Document"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:11
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This manual was created for Sarge's debian-installer, based on the Woody "
+"installation manual for boot-floppies, which was based on earlier Debian "
+"installation manuals, and on the Progeny distribution manual which was "
+"released under GPL in 2003."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:18
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document is written in DocBook XML. Output formats are generated by "
+"various programs using information from the <classname>docbook-xml</"
+"classname> and <classname>docbook-xsl</classname> packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:25
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to increase the maintainability of this document, we use a number "
+"of XML features, such as entities and profiling attributes. These play a "
+"role akin to variables and conditionals in programming languages. The XML "
+"source to this document contains information for each different architecture "
+"&mdash; profiling attributes are used to isolate certain bits of text as "
+"architecture-specific."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:34
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Translators can use this paragraph to acknowledge the people responsible for "
+"the translation of the manual. Translation teams are advised to just mention "
+"the coordinator and maybe major contributors and thank everybody else in a "
+"phrase like <quote>all translators and reviewers from the translation team "
+"for {your language} at {your l10n mailinglist}</quote>. See build/lang-"
+"options/README on how to enable this paragraph. Its condition is "
+"<quote>about-langteam</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: administrivia.xml:50
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Contributing to This Document"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:52
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have problems or suggestions regarding this document, you should "
+"probably submit them as a bug report against the package "
+"<classname>installation-guide</classname>. See the <classname>reportbug</"
+"classname> package or read the online documentation of the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"bts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System</ulink>. It would be nice if you could "
+"check the <ulink url=\"&url-bts;installation-guide\">open bugs against "
+"installation-guide</ulink> to see whether your problem has already been "
+"reported. If so, you can supply additional corroboration or helpful "
+"information to <email><replaceable>XXXX</replaceable>@bugs.debian.org</"
+"email>, where <replaceable>XXXX</replaceable> is the number for the already-"
+"reported bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Better yet, get a copy of the DocBook source for this document, and produce "
+"patches against it. The DocBook source can be found at the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"d-i-project-salsa;\">installation-guide project on salsa</ulink>. If you're "
+"not familiar with DocBook, don't worry: there is a simple cheatsheet in the "
+"manuals directory that will get you started. It's like html, but oriented "
+"towards the meaning of the text rather than the presentation. Patches "
+"submitted to the debian-boot mailing list (see below) are welcomed. For "
+"instructions on how to check out the sources via git, see <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"manual-readme;\">README</ulink> from the source root directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:82
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please do <emphasis>not</emphasis> contact the authors of this document "
+"directly. There is also a discussion list for &d-i;, which includes "
+"discussions of this manual. The mailing list is <email>debian-boot@lists."
+"debian.org</email>. Instructions for subscribing to this list can be found "
+"at the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-lists-subscribe;\">Debian Mailing List "
+"Subscription</ulink> page; or you can browse the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-"
+"list-archives;\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> online."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: administrivia.xml:99
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Major Contributions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:101
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document was originally written by Bruce Perens, Sven Rudolph, Igor "
+"Grobman, James Treacy, and Adam Di Carlo. Sebastian Ley wrote the "
+"Installation Howto."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Miroslav Kuře has documented a lot of the new functionality in Sarge's "
+"debian-installer. Frans Pop was the main editor and release manager during "
+"the Etch, Lenny and Squeeze releases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:113
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Many, many Debian users and developers contributed to this document. "
+"Particular note must be made of Michael Schmitz (m68k support), Frank "
+"Neumann (original author of the <ulink url=\"&url-m68k-old-amiga-install;"
+"\">Amiga install manual</ulink>), Arto Astala, Eric Delaunay/Ben Collins "
+"(SPARC information), Tapio Lehtonen, and Stéphane Bortzmeyer for numerous "
+"edits and text. We have to thank Pascal Le Bail for useful information about "
+"booting from USB memory sticks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:124
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Extremely helpful text and information was found in Jim Mintha's HOWTO for "
+"network booting (no URL available), the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-faq;"
+"\">Debian FAQ</ulink>, the <ulink url=\"&url-m68k-faq;\">Linux/m68k FAQ</"
+"ulink>, the <ulink url=\"&url-sparc-linux-faq;\">Linux for SPARC Processors "
+"FAQ</ulink>, the <ulink url=\"&url-alpha-faq;\">Linux/Alpha FAQ</ulink>, "
+"amongst others. The maintainers of these freely available and rich sources "
+"of information must be recognized."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:136
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The section on chrooted installations in this manual (<xref linkend=\"linux-"
+"upgrade\"/>) was derived in part from documents copyright Karsten M. Self."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:142
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The section on installations over plip in this manual (<xref linkend=\"plip"
+"\"/>) was based on the <ulink url=\"&url-plip-install-howto;\">PLIP-Install-"
+"HOWTO</ulink> by Gilles Lamiral."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: administrivia.xml:153
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Trademark Acknowledgement"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: administrivia.xml:154
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "All trademarks are property of their respective trademark owners."
+msgstr ""
+
diff --git a/po/uk/bookinfo.po b/po/uk/bookinfo.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bfb740cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/bookinfo.po
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: bookinfo_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: bookinfo.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian-gnu; Installation Guide"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:8
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document contains installation instructions for the &debian-gnu; "
+"&release; system (codename <quote>&releasename;</quote>), for the &arch-"
+"title; (<quote>&architecture;</quote>) architecture. It also contains "
+"pointers to more information and information on how to make the most of your "
+"new &debian; system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:17
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This installation guide is based on an earlier manual written for the old "
+"Debian installation system (the <quote>boot-floppies</quote>), and has been "
+"updated to document the new Debian installer. However, for &architecture;, "
+"the manual has not been fully updated and fact checked for the new "
+"installer. There may remain parts of the manual that are incomplete or "
+"outdated or that still document the boot-floppies installer. A newer version "
+"of this manual, possibly better documenting this architecture, may be found "
+"on the Internet at the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i;\">&d-i; home page</ulink>. You "
+"may also be able to find additional translations there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:30
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although this installation guide for &architecture; is mostly up-to-date, we "
+"plan to make some changes and reorganize parts of the manual after the "
+"official release of &releasename;. A newer version of this manual may be "
+"found on the Internet at the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i;\">&d-i; home page</"
+"ulink>. You may also be able to find additional translations there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:39
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This translation of the installation guide is not up-to-date and currently "
+"there is noone actively working on updating it. Keep this in mind when "
+"reading it; it may contain outdated or wrong information. Read or double-"
+"check the English variant, if in doubt. If you can help us with updating the "
+"translation, please contact <email>debian-boot@lists.debian.org</email> or "
+"the <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/i18n.html\">debian-l10n-xxx "
+"mailinglist</ulink> for this language. Many thanks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:53
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Translators can use this paragraph to provide some information about the "
+"status of the translation, for example if the translation is still being "
+"worked on or if review is wanted (don't forget to mention where comments "
+"should be sent!). See build/lang-options/README on how to enable this "
+"paragraph. Its condition is \"translation-status\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: holder
+#: bookinfo.xml:66
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "the Debian Installer team"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: bookinfo.xml:70
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under "
+"the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please refer to the license in "
+"<xref linkend=\"appendix-gpl\"/>."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/boot-installer.po b/po/uk/boot-installer.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25e84db01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/boot-installer.po
@@ -0,0 +1,3417 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: boot-installer_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:4
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting the Installation System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:9
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting the Installer on &arch-title;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:15
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have any other operating systems on your system that you wish to keep "
+"(dual boot setup), you should make sure that they have been properly shut "
+"down <emphasis>before</emphasis> you boot the installer. Installing an "
+"operating system while another operating system is in hibernation (has been "
+"suspended to disk) could result in loss of, or damage to the state of the "
+"suspended operating system which could cause problems when it is rebooted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:26
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For information on how to boot the graphical installer, see <xref linkend="
+"\"graphical\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:39
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot image formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:40
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On ARM-based systems in most cases one of two formats for boot images is "
+"used: a) standard Linux zImage-format kernels (<quote>vmlinuz</quote>) in "
+"conjunction with standard Linux initial ramdisks (<quote>initrd.gz</quote>) "
+"or b) uImage-format kernels (<quote>uImage</quote>) in conjunction with "
+"corresponding initial ramdisks (<quote>uInitrd</quote>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:48
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"uImage/uInitrd are image formats designed for the U-Boot firmware that is "
+"used on many ARM-based systems (mostly 32-bit ones). Older U-Boot versions "
+"can only boot files in uImage/uInitrd format, so these are often used on "
+"older armel systems. Newer U-Boot versions can - besides booting uImages/"
+"uInitrds - also boot standard Linux kernels and ramdisk images, but the "
+"command syntax to do that is slightly different from that for booting "
+"uImages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:57
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For systems using a multiplatform kernel, besides kernel and initial ramdisk "
+"a so-called device-tree file (or device-tree blob, <quote>dtb</quote>) is "
+"needed. It is specific to each supported system and contains a description "
+"of the particular hardware. The dtb should be supplied on the device by the "
+"firmware, but in practice a newer one often needs to be loaded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:68 boot-installer.xml:86
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Console configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:69
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The netboot tarball (<xref linkend=\"boot-armhf-netboot.tar.gz\"/>), and the "
+"installer SD-card images (<xref linkend=\"boot-installer-sd-image\"/>) use "
+"the (platform-specific) default console that is defined by U-Boot in the "
+"<quote>console</quote> variable. In most cases that is a serial console, so "
+"on those platforms you by default need a serial console cable to use the "
+"installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:78
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On platforms which also support a video console, you can modify the U-Boot "
+"<quote>console</quote> variable accordingly if you would like the installer "
+"to start on the video console."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:87
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The graphical installer is not enabled on the arm64 &d-i; images for stretch "
+"so the serial console is used. The console device should be detected "
+"automatically from the firmware, but if it is not then after you boot linux "
+"from the GRUB menu you will see a <quote>Booting Linux</quote> message, then "
+"nothing more."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:94
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you hit this issue you will need to set a specific console config on the "
+"kernel command line. Hit <userinput>e</userinput> for <quote>Edit Kernel "
+"command-line</quote> at the GRUB menu, and change "
+"<informalexample><screen>--- quiet</screen></informalexample> to "
+"<informalexample><screen>console=&lt;device&gt;,&lt;speed&gt;</screen></"
+"informalexample> e.g. <informalexample><screen>console=ttyAMA0,115200n8</"
+"screen></informalexample>. When finished hit <keycombo><keycap>Control</"
+"keycap> <keycap>x</keycap></keycombo> to continue booting with new setting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:108
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Juno Installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Juno has UEFI so the install is straightforward. The most practical method "
+"is installing from USB stick. You need up to date firmware for USB-booting "
+"to work. Builds from <ulink url=\"&url-juno-firmware;\">&url-juno-firmware;</"
+"ulink> after March 2015 tested OK. Consult Juno documentation on firmware "
+"updating."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:116
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Prepare a standard arm64 CD image on a USB stick. Insert it in one of the "
+"USB ports on the back. Plug a serial cable into the upper 9-pin serial port "
+"on the back. If you need networking (netboot image) plug the ethernet cable "
+"into the socket on the front of the machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Run a serial console at 115200, 8bit no parity, and boot the Juno. It should "
+"boot from the USB stick to a GRUB menu. The console config is not correctly "
+"detected on Juno so just hitting &enterkey; will show no kernel output. Set "
+"the console to <informalexample><screen>console=ttyAMA0,115200n8</screen></"
+"informalexample> (as described in <xref linkend=\"arm64-console-setup\"/>). "
+"<keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>x</keycap></keycombo> to boot "
+"should show you the &d-i; screens, and allow you to proceed with a standard "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:136
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Applied Micro Mustang Installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:137
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"UEFI is available for this machine but it is normally shipped with U-Boot so "
+"you will need to either install UEFI firmware first then use standard boot/"
+"install methods, or use U-Boot boot methods. You must use a serial console "
+"to control the installation because the graphical installer is not enabled "
+"on the arm64 architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The recommended install method is to copy the &d-i; kernel and initrd onto "
+"the hard drive, using the openembedded system supplied with the machine, "
+"then boot from that to run the installer. Alternatively use TFTP to get the "
+"kernel/dtb/initrd copied over and booted (<xref linkend=\"boot-tftp-uboot\"/"
+">). After installation, manual changes to boot from the installed image are "
+"needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:154
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Run a serial console at 115200, 8bit no parity, and boot the machine. Reboot "
+"the machine and when you see <quote>Hit any key to stop autoboot:</quote> "
+"hit a key to get a Mustang# prompt. Then use U-Boot commands to load and "
+"boot the kernel, dtb and initrd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:163
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting by TFTP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:169 boot-installer.xml:779 boot-installer.xml:1416
+#: boot-installer.xml:1546 boot-installer.xml:1939
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Booting from the network requires that you have a network connection and a "
+"TFTP network boot server (and probably also a DHCP, RARP, or BOOTP server "
+"for automatic network configuration)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:175 boot-installer.xml:785 boot-installer.xml:1422
+#: boot-installer.xml:1552 boot-installer.xml:1945
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Older systems such as the 715 might require the use of an RBOOT server "
+"instead of a BOOTP server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:180 boot-installer.xml:790 boot-installer.xml:1427
+#: boot-installer.xml:1557 boot-installer.xml:1950
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The server-side setup to support network booting is described in <xref "
+"linkend=\"install-tftp\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:189
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "TFTP-booting in U-Boot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:190
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Network booting on systems using the U-Boot firmware consists of three "
+"steps: a) configuring the network, b) loading the images (kernel/initial "
+"ramdisk/dtb) into memory and c) actually executing the previosly loaded code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:196
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"First you have to configure the network, either automatically via DHCP by "
+"running <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"setenv autoload no\n"
+"dhcp\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> or manually by setting several environment "
+"variables <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"setenv ipaddr &lt;ip address of the client&gt;\n"
+"setenv netmask &lt;netmask&gt;\n"
+"setenv serverip &lt;ip address of the tftp server&gt;\n"
+"setenv dnsip &lt;ip address of the nameserver&gt;\n"
+"setenv gatewayip &lt;ip address of the default gateway&gt;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If you prefer, you can make these settings "
+"permanent by running"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:203
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "saveenv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:205
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Afterwards you need to load the images (kernel/initial ramdisk/dtb) into "
+"memory. This is done with the tftpboot command, which has to be provided "
+"with the address at which the image shall be stored in memory. Unfortunately "
+"the memory map can vary from system to system, so there is no general rule "
+"which addresses can be used for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:213
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On some systems, U-Boot predefines a set of environment variables with "
+"suitable load addresses: kernel_addr_r, ramdisk_addr_r and fdt_addr_r. You "
+"can check whether they are defined by running <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"printenv kernel_addr_r ramdisk_addr_r fdt_addr_r\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If they are not defined, you have to check your "
+"system's documentation for appropriate values and set them manually. For "
+"systems based on Allwinner SunXi SOCs (e.g. the Allwinner A10, architecture "
+"name <quote>sun4i</quote> or the Allwinner A20, architecture name "
+"<quote>sun7i</quote>), you can e.g. use the following values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:224
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"setenv kernel_addr_r 0x46000000\n"
+"setenv fdt_addr_r 0x47000000\n"
+"setenv ramdisk_addr_r 0x48000000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:226
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When the load addresses are defined, you can load the images into memory "
+"from the previously defined tftp server with"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"tftpboot ${kernel_addr_r} &lt;filename of the kernel image&gt;\n"
+"tftpboot ${fdt_addr_r} &lt;filename of the dtb&gt;\n"
+"tftpboot ${ramdisk_addr_r} &lt;filename of the initial ramdisk image&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:231
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The third part is setting the kernel commandline and actually executing the "
+"loaded code. U-Boot passes the content of the <quote>bootargs</quote> "
+"environment variable as commandline to the kernel, so any parameters for the "
+"kernel and the installer - such as the console device (see <xref linkend="
+"\"boot-console\"/>) or preseeding options (see <xref linkend=\"installer-args"
+"\"/> and <xref linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>) - can be set with a command "
+"like <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 rootwait panic=10\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The exact command to execute the previously "
+"loaded code depends on the image format used. With uImage/uInitrd, the "
+"command is <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"bootm ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> and with native Linux images it is"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "bootz ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:246
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note: When booting standard linux images, it is important to load the "
+"initial ramdisk image after the kernel and the dtb as U-Boot sets the "
+"filesize variable to the size of the last file loaded and the bootz command "
+"requires the size of the ramdisk image to work correctly. In case of booting "
+"a platform-specific kernel, i.e. a kernel without device-tree, simply omit "
+"the ${fdt_addr_r} parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:257
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Pre-built netboot tarball"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:258
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; provides a pre-built tarball (&armmp-netboot-tarball;) that can "
+"simply be unpacked on your tftp server and contains all files necessary for "
+"netbooting. It also includes a boot script that automates all steps to load "
+"the installer. Modern U-Boot versions contain a tftp autoboot feature that "
+"becomes active if there is no bootable local storage device (MMC/SD, USB, "
+"IDE/SATA/SCSI) and then loads this boot script from the tftp server. "
+"Prerequisite for using this feature is that you have a dhcp server in your "
+"network which provides the client with the address of the tftp server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:270
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to trigger the tftp autoboot feature from the U-Boot "
+"commandline, you can use the follwing command:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "run bootcmd_dhcp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To manually load the bootscript provided by the tarball, you can "
+"alternatively issue the following commands at the U-Boot prompt:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:279
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"setenv autoload no\n"
+"dhcp\n"
+"tftpboot ${scriptaddr} /debian-installer/armhf/tftpboot.scr\n"
+"source ${scriptaddr}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:287
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from USB Memory Stick with UEFI"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:293 boot-installer.xml:555
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your computer will boot from USB, this will probably be the easiest route "
+"for installation. Assuming you have prepared everything from <phrase arch="
+"\"any-x86\"><xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select-x86\"/></phrase><phrase arch="
+"\"arm64\"><xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select-arm64\"/></phrase> and <xref "
+"linkend=\"boot-usb-files\"/>, just plug your USB stick into some free USB "
+"connector and reboot the computer. The system should boot up, and unless you "
+"have used the flexible way to build the stick and not enabled it, you should "
+"be presented with a graphical boot menu (on hardware that supports it). Here "
+"you can select various installer options, or just hit &enterkey;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:312
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from a USB stick in U-Boot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Many modern U-Boot versions have USB support and allow booting from USB mass "
+"storage devices such as USB sticks. Unfortunately the exact steps required "
+"to do that can vary quite a bit from device to device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:320
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"U-Boot v2014.10 has introduced a common commandline handling and autoboot "
+"framework. This allows building generic boot images that work on any system "
+"implementing this framework. The &d-i; supports installation from a USB "
+"stick on such systems, but unfortunately not all platforms have adopted this "
+"new framework yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:329
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To build a bootable USB stick for installing &debian;, unpack the hd-media "
+"tarball (see <xref linkend=\"where-files\"/>) onto a USB stick formatted "
+"with a filesystem supported by the U-Boot version on your device. For modern "
+"U-Boot versions, any of FAT16 / FAT32 / ext2 / ext3 / ext4 usually works. "
+"Then copy the ISO image file of the first &debian; installation CD or DVD "
+"onto the stick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The autoboot framework in modern U-Boot versions works similar to the boot "
+"ordering options in a PC BIOS, i.e. it checks a list of possible boot "
+"devices for a valid boot image and starts the first one it finds. If there "
+"is no operating system installed, plugging in the USB stick and powering up "
+"the system should result in starting the installer. You can also initiate "
+"the USB-boot process any time from the U-Boot prompt by entering the "
+"<quote>run bootcmd_usb0</quote> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:349
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One problem that can come up when booting from a USB stick while using a "
+"serial console can be a console baudrate mismatch. If a console variable is "
+"defined in U-Boot, the &d-i; boot script automatically passes it to the "
+"kernel to set the primary console device and, if applicable, the console "
+"baudrate. Unfortunately the handling of the console variable varies from "
+"platform to platform - on some platforms, the console variable includes the "
+"baudrate (as in <quote>console=ttyS0,115200</quote>), while on other "
+"platforms the console variable contains only the device (as in "
+"<quote>console=ttyS0</quote>). The latter case leads to a garbled console "
+"output when the default baudrate differs between U-Boot and the kernel. "
+"Modern U-Boot versions often use 115200 baud while the kernel still defaults "
+"to the traditional 9600 baud. If this happens, you should manually set the "
+"console variable to contain the correct baudrate for your system and then "
+"start the installer with the <quote>run bootcmd_usb0</quote> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:370
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using pre-built SD-card images with the installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:371
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For a number of systems, Debian provides SD card images that contain both U-"
+"Boot and the &d-i;. These images are provided in two variants - one for "
+"downloading the software packages over the network (available at &armmp-"
+"netboot-sd-img;) and one for offline installations using a Debian CD/DVD "
+"(available at &armmp-hd-media-sd-img;). To save space and network bandwidth, "
+"the images consist of two parts - a system-dependent part named "
+"<quote>firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;.img.gz</quote>, and a system-independent "
+"part named <quote>partition.img.gz</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:382
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To create a complete image from the two parts on Linux systems, you can use "
+"zcat as follows: <informalexample><screen>zcat firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;."
+"img.gz partition.img.gz &gt; complete_image.img</screen></informalexample> "
+"On Windows systems, you have to first decompress the two parts separately, "
+"which can be done e.g. by using 7-Zip, and then concatenate the decompressed "
+"parts together by running the command <informalexample><screen>copy /b "
+"firmware.&lt;system-type&gt;.img + partition.img complete_image.img</"
+"screen></informalexample> in a Windows CMD.exe window."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:396
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Write the resulting image onto an SD card, e.g. by running the following "
+"command on a Linux system: <informalexample><screen>cat complete_image.img "
+"&gt; /dev/SD_CARD_DEVICE</screen></informalexample> After plugging the SD "
+"card into the target system and powering the system up, the installer is "
+"loaded from the SD card. If you use the hd-media variant for offline "
+"installations, you must provide the installer with access to the first "
+"&debian; CD/DVD on a separate medium, which can e.g. be a CD/DVD ISO image "
+"on a USB stick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:408
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When you come to the partitioning step in the installer (see <xref linkend="
+"\"di-partition\"/>), you can delete or replace any previous partitions on "
+"the card. Once the installer is started, it runs completely in the system's "
+"main memory and does not need to access the SD card anymore, so you can use "
+"the full card for installing &debian;. The easiest way to create a proper "
+"partition layout on the SD card is to let the installer automatically create "
+"one for you (see <xref linkend=\"partman-auto\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:549
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from USB Memory Stick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:573 boot-installer.xml:1030 boot-installer.xml:1973
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from a CD-ROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:579 boot-installer.xml:1036 boot-installer.xml:1979
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a CD set, and if your machine supports booting directly off the "
+"CD, great! Simply <phrase arch=\"x86\"> configure your system for booting "
+"off a CD as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select-x86\"/>, </phrase> "
+"insert your CD, reboot, and proceed to the next chapter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:589 boot-installer.xml:1046 boot-installer.xml:1989
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that certain CD drives may require special drivers, and thus be "
+"inaccessible in the early installation stages. If it turns out the standard "
+"way of booting off a CD doesn't work for your hardware, revisit this chapter "
+"and read about alternate kernels and installation methods which may work for "
+"you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:597 boot-installer.xml:1054 boot-installer.xml:1997
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Even if you cannot boot from CD-ROM, you can probably install the &debian; "
+"system components and any packages you want from CD-ROM. Simply boot using a "
+"different medium and when it's time to install the operating system, base "
+"system, and any additional packages, point the installation system at the CD-"
+"ROM drive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:605 boot-installer.xml:1062 boot-installer.xml:2005
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have problems booting, see <xref linkend=\"boot-troubleshooting\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:615
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from Windows"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:616
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "To start the installer from Windows, you can either"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:621
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"obtain CD-ROM/DVD-ROM<phrase condition=\"bootable-usb\"> or USB memory "
+"stick</phrase> installation media as described in <xref linkend=\"official-"
+"cdrom\"/><phrase condition=\"bootable-usb\"> respective <xref linkend=\"boot-"
+"usb-files\"/></phrase> or"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:629
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"download a standalone Windows executable, which is available as <ulink url="
+"\"&win32-loader-exe;\">tools/win32-loader/stable/win32-loader.exe</ulink> on "
+"the &debian; mirrors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:638
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you use an installation CD or DVD, a pre-installation program should be "
+"launched automatically when you insert the disc. In case Windows does not "
+"start it automatically, or if you are using a USB memory stick, you can run "
+"it manually by accessing the device and executing <command>setup.exe</"
+"command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:646
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After the program has been started, a few preliminary questions will be "
+"asked and the system will be prepared to reboot into the &debian-gnu; "
+"installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:656
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from DOS using loadlin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:657
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot into DOS (not Windows). To do this, you can for instance boot from a "
+"recovery or diagnostic disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:662
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you can access the installation CD, change the current drive to the CD-"
+"ROM drive, e.g. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"d:\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> else make sure you have first prepared your hard "
+"disk as explained in <xref linkend=\"files-loadlin\"/>, and change the "
+"current drive to it if needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:672
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Enter the subdirectory for the flavor you chose, e.g., "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"cd \\&x86-install-dir;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If you prefer using the graphical installer, "
+"enter the <filename>gtk</filename> sub-directory. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"cd gtk\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Next, execute <command>install.bat</command>. "
+"The kernel will load and launch the installer system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:690
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Booting from Linux using <command>LILO</command> or <command>GRUB</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:693
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To boot the installer from hard disk, you must first download and place the "
+"needed files as described in <xref linkend=\"boot-drive-files\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:698
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you intend to use the hard drive only for booting and then download "
+"everything over the network, you should download the <filename>netboot/"
+"debian-installer/&architecture;/initrd.gz</filename> file and its "
+"corresponding kernel <filename>netboot/debian-installer/&architecture;/"
+"linux</filename>. This will allow you to repartition the hard disk from "
+"which you boot the installer, although you should do so with care."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:708
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively, if you intend to keep an existing partition on the hard drive "
+"unchanged during the install, you can download the <filename>hd-media/initrd."
+"gz</filename> file and its kernel, as well as copy a CD (or DVD) iso to the "
+"drive (make sure the file is named ending in <literal>.iso</literal>). The "
+"installer can then boot from the drive and install from the CD/DVD image, "
+"without needing the network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:717
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For <command>LILO</command>, you will need to configure two essential things "
+"in <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> to "
+"load the <filename>initrd.gz</filename> installer at boot time; </para></"
+"listitem> <listitem><para> have the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> kernel use "
+"a RAM disk as its root partition. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> Here is "
+"a <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:738
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"image=/boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
+" label=newinstall\n"
+" initrd=/boot/newinstall/initrd.gz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:738
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more details, refer to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>initrd</"
+"refentrytitle> <manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
+"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lilo.conf</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>5</"
+"manvolnum></citerefentry> man pages. Now run <userinput>lilo</userinput> and "
+"reboot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:747
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The procedure for <command>GRUB1</command> is quite similar. Locate your "
+"<filename>menu.lst</filename> in the <filename>/boot/grub/</filename> "
+"directory (or sometimes <filename>/boot/boot/grub/</filename>) and add an "
+"entry for the installer, for example (assuming <filename>/boot</filename> is "
+"on the first partition of the first disk in the system):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:755
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"title New Install\n"
+"root (hd0,0)\n"
+"kernel /boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
+"initrd /boot/newinstall/initrd.gz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:757
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The procedure for <command>GRUB2</command> is very similar. The file is "
+"named <filename>grub.cfg</filename> instead of <filename>menu.lst</"
+"filename>. An entry for the installer would be for instance for example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:763
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"menuentry 'New Install' {\n"
+"insmod part_msdos\n"
+"insmod ext2\n"
+"set root='(hd0,msdos1)'\n"
+"linux /boot/newinstall/vmlinuz\n"
+"initrd /boot/newinstall/initrd.gz\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:765
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"From here on, there should be no difference between <command>GRUB</command> "
+"or <command>LILO</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:773 boot-installer.xml:1398 boot-installer.xml:1540
+#: boot-installer.xml:1933
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting with TFTP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:798
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "There are various ways to do a TFTP boot on i386."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:804
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NIC or Motherboard that support PXE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:805
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It could be that your Network Interface Card or Motherboard provides PXE "
+"boot functionality. This is a <trademark class=\"trade\">Intel</trademark> "
+"re-implementation of TFTP boot. If so, you may be able to configure your "
+"BIOS to boot from the network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:816
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NIC with Network BootROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:817
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It could be that your Network Interface Card provides TFTP boot "
+"functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:822
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Let us (<email>&email-debian-boot-list;</email>) know how did you manage it. "
+"Please refer to this document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:830
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Etherboot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:831
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"http://www.etherboot.org\">etherboot project</ulink> "
+"provides bootdiskettes and even bootroms that do a TFTPboot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:841
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The Boot Screen"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:842
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When the installer boots, you should be presented with a friendly graphical "
+"screen showing the &debian; logo and a menu:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:847
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian-gnu; installer boot menu\n"
+"\n"
+"Graphical install\n"
+"Install\n"
+"Advanced options >\n"
+"Help\n"
+"Install with speech synthesis"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:851
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This graphical screen will look very slightly different depending on how "
+"your computer has booted (BIOS or UEFI), but the same options will be shown."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:859
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Depending on the installation method you are using, the <quote>Graphical "
+"install</quote> option may not be available. Bi-arch images additionally "
+"have a 64 bit variant for each install option, right below it, thus almost "
+"doubling the number of options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:866
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For a normal installation, select either the <quote>Graphical install</"
+"quote> or the <quote>Install</quote> entry &mdash; using either the arrow "
+"keys on your keyboard or by typing the first (highlighted) letter &mdash; "
+"and press &enterkey; to boot the installer. The <quote>Graphical install</"
+"quote> entry is already selected by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:874
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>Advanced options</quote> entry gives access to a second menu that "
+"allows to boot the installer in expert mode, in rescue mode and for "
+"automated installs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:880
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you wish or need to add any boot parameters for either the installer or "
+"the kernel, press &tabkey; (BIOS boot), or &ekey; then &downkey; three times "
+"then &endkey; (UEFI boot). This will bring the boot command for the selected "
+"menu entry and allow you to edit it to suit your needs. Note that the "
+"keyboard layout at this point is still QWERTY. The help screens (see below) "
+"list some common possible options. Press &enterkey; (BIOS boot) or &f10key; "
+"(UEFI boot) to boot the installer with your options; pressing &escapekey; "
+"will return you to the boot menu and undo any changes you made."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:893
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Choosing the <quote>Help</quote> entry will result in the first help screen "
+"being displayed which gives an overview of all available help screens. To "
+"return to the boot menu after the help screens have been displayed, type "
+"<quote>menu</quote> at the boot prompt and press &enterkey;. All help "
+"screens have a boot prompt at which the boot command can be typed: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"Press F1 for the help index, or ENTER to boot:\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> At this boot prompt you can either just press "
+"&enterkey; to boot the installer with default options or enter a specific "
+"boot command and, optionally, boot parameters. A number of boot parameters "
+"which might be useful can be found on the various help screens. If you do "
+"add any parameters to the boot command line, be sure to first type the boot "
+"method (the default is <userinput>install</userinput>) and a space before "
+"the first parameter (e.g., <userinput>install fb=false</userinput>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:911
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The keyboard is assumed to have a default American English layout at this "
+"point. This means that if your keyboard has a different (language-specific) "
+"layout, the characters that appear on the screen may be different from what "
+"you'd expect when you type parameters. Wikipedia has a <ulink url=\"&url-us-"
+"keymap;\">schema of the US keyboard layout</ulink> which can be used as a "
+"reference to find the correct keys to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:921
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are using a system that has the BIOS configured to use serial "
+"console, you may not be able to see the initial graphical splash screen upon "
+"booting the installer; you may even not see the boot menu. The same can "
+"happen if you are installing the system via a remote management device that "
+"provides a text interface to the VGA console. Examples of these devices "
+"include the text console of Compaq's <quote>integrated Lights Out</quote> "
+"(iLO) and HP's <quote>Integrated Remote Assistant</quote> (IRA)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:931
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To bypass the graphical boot screen you can either blindly press &escapekey; "
+"to get a text boot prompt, or (equally blindly) press <quote>H</quote> "
+"followed by &enterkey; to select the <quote>Help</quote> option described "
+"above. After that your keystrokes should be echoed at the prompt. To prevent "
+"the installer from using the framebuffer for the rest of the installation, "
+"you will also want to add <userinput>vga=normal fb=false</userinput> to the "
+"boot prompt, as described in the help text."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:947
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The Graphical Installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:948
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The graphical version of the installer is only available for a limited "
+"number of architectures, including &arch-title;. The functionality of the "
+"graphical installer is essentially the same as that of the text-based "
+"installer as it basically uses the same programs, but with a different "
+"frontend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:956
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although the functionality is identical, the graphical installer still has a "
+"few significant advantages. The main advantage is that it supports more "
+"languages, namely those that use a character set that cannot be displayed "
+"with the text-based <quote>newt</quote> frontend. It also has a few "
+"usability advantages such as the option to use a mouse, and in some cases "
+"several questions can be displayed on a single screen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:965
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The graphical installer is available with all CD images and with the hd-"
+"media installation method. To boot the graphical installer simply select the "
+"relevant option from the boot menu. Expert and rescue mode for the graphical "
+"installer can be selected from the <quote>Advanced options</quote> menu. The "
+"previously used boot methods <userinput>installgui</userinput>, "
+"<userinput>expertgui</userinput> and <userinput>rescuegui</userinput> can "
+"still be used from the boot prompt which is shown after selecting the "
+"<quote>Help</quote> option in the boot menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:976
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There is also a graphical installer image that can be netbooted. And there "
+"is a special <quote>mini</quote> ISO image<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso-x86\"> "
+"<para> The mini ISO image can be downloaded from a &debian; mirror as "
+"described in <xref linkend=\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for "
+"<filename>netboot/gtk/mini.iso</filename>. </para> </footnote>, which is "
+"mainly useful for testing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:989
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For &arch-title;, currently only an experimental <quote>mini</quote> ISO "
+"image is available<footnote id=\"gtk-miniiso-powerpc\"> <para> The mini ISO "
+"image can be downloaded from a &debian; mirror as described in <xref linkend="
+"\"downloading-files\"/>. Look for <filename>netboot/gtk/mini.iso</filename>. "
+"</para> </footnote>. It should work on almost all PowerPC systems that have "
+"an ATI graphical card, but is unlikely to work on other systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1003
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Just as with the text-based installer it is possible to add boot parameters "
+"when starting the graphical installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1009
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The graphical installer requires significantly more memory to run than the "
+"text-based installer: &minimum-memory-gtk;. If insufficient memory is "
+"available, it will automatically fall back to the text-based <quote>newt</"
+"quote> frontend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1016
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the amount of memory in your system is below &minimum-memory;, the "
+"graphical installer may fail to boot at all while booting the text-based "
+"installer would still work. Using the text-based installer is recommended "
+"for systems with little available memory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1070
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CD Contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1072
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are three basic variations of &debian; Install CDs. The "
+"<emphasis>Business Card</emphasis> CD has a minimal installation that will "
+"fit on the small form factor CD media. It requires a network connection in "
+"order to install the rest of the base installation and make a usable system. "
+"The <emphasis>Network Install</emphasis> CD has all of the packages for a "
+"base install but requires a network connection to a &debian; mirror site in "
+"order to install the extra packages one would want for a complete system . "
+"The set of &debian; CDs can install a complete system from the wide range of "
+"packages without needing access to the network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1088
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The IA-64 architecture uses the next generation Extensible Firmware "
+"Interface (EFI) from Intel. Unlike the traditional x86 BIOS which knows "
+"little about the boot device other than the partition table and Master Boot "
+"Record (MBR), EFI can read and write files from FAT16 or FAT32 formatted "
+"disk partitions. This simplifies the often arcane process of starting a "
+"system. The system boot loader and the EFI firmware that supports it have a "
+"full filesystem to store the files necessary for booting the machine. This "
+"means that the system disk on an IA-64 system has an additional disk "
+"partition dedicated to EFI instead of the simple MBR or boot block on more "
+"conventional systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; Installer CD contains a small EFI partition where the "
+"<command>ELILO</command> bootloader, its configuration file, the installer's "
+"kernel, and initial filesystem (initrd) are located. The running system also "
+"contains an EFI partition where the necessary files for booting the system "
+"reside. These files are readable from the EFI Shell as described below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1113
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most of the details of how <command>ELILO</command> actually loads and "
+"starts a system are transparent to the system installer. However, the "
+"installer must set up an EFI partition prior to installing the base system. "
+"Otherwise, the installation of <command>ELILO</command> will fail, rendering "
+"the system un-bootable. The EFI partition is allocated and formatted in the "
+"partitioning step of the installation prior to loading any packages on the "
+"system disk. The partitioning task also verifies that a suitable EFI "
+"partition is present before allowing the installation to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1125
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EFI Boot Manager is presented as the last step of the firmware "
+"initialization. It displays a menu list from which the user can select an "
+"option. Depending on the model of system and what other software has been "
+"loaded on the system, this menu may be different from one system to another. "
+"There should be at least two menu items displayed, <command>Boot Option "
+"Maintenance Menu</command> and <command>EFI Shell (Built-in)</command>. "
+"Using the first option is preferred, however, if that option is not "
+"available or the CD for some reason does not boot with it, use the second "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1144
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IMPORTANT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EFI Boot Manager will select a default boot action, typically the first "
+"menu choice, within a pre-set number of seconds. This is indicated by a "
+"countdown at the bottom of the screen. Once the timer expires and the "
+"systems starts the default action, you may have to reboot the machine in "
+"order to continue the installation. If the default action is the EFI Shell, "
+"you can return to the Boot Manager by running <command>exit</command> at the "
+"shell prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1157
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Option 1: Booting from the Boot Option Maintenance Menu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1164
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Insert the CD in the DVD/CD drive and reboot the machine. The firmware will "
+"display the EFI Boot Manager page and menu after it completes its system "
+"initialization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1170
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Select <command>Boot Maintenance Menu</command> from the menu with the arrow "
+"keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will display a new menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1176
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Select <command>Boot From a File</command> from the menu with the arrow keys "
+"and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will display a list of devices "
+"probed by the firmware. You should see two menu lines containing either the "
+"label <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</command> or <command>Removable Media "
+"Boot</command>. If you examine the rest of the menu line, you will notice "
+"that the device and controller information should be the same."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can choose either of the entries that refer to the CD/DVD drive. Select "
+"your choice with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. If you "
+"choose <command>Removable Media Boot</command> the machine will immediately "
+"start the boot load sequence. If you choose <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</"
+"command> instead, it will display a directory listing of the bootable "
+"portion of the CD, requiring you to proceed to the next (additional) step."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1198
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will only need this step if you chose <command>Debian Inst [Acpi ...</"
+"command>. The directory listing will also show <command>[Treat like "
+"Removable Media Boot]</command> on the next to the last line. Select this "
+"line with the arrow keys and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will start "
+"the boot load sequence."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1210
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These steps start the &debian; boot loader which will display a menu page "
+"for you to select a boot kernel and options. Proceed to selecting the boot "
+"kernel and options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1220
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Option 2: Booting from the EFI Shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If, for some reason, option 1 is not successful, reboot the machine and when "
+"the EFI Boot Manager screen appears there should be one option called "
+"<command>EFI Shell [Built-in]</command>. Boot the &debian; Installer CD with "
+"the following steps:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1232
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Insert the CD in the DVD/CD drive and reboot the machine. The firmware will "
+"display the EFI Boot Manager page and menu after it completes system "
+"initialization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Select <command>EFI Shell</command> from the menu with the arrow keys and "
+"press <command>ENTER</command>. The EFI Shell will scan all of the bootable "
+"devices and display them to the console before displaying its command "
+"prompt. The recognized bootable partitions on devices will show a device "
+"name of <filename>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:</filename>. All other "
+"recognized partitions will be named <filename>blk<replaceable>n</"
+"replaceable>:</filename>. If you inserted the CD just before entering the "
+"shell, this may take a few extra seconds as it initializes the CD drive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1252
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Examine the output from the shell looking for the CDROM drive. It is most "
+"likely the <filename>fs0:</filename> device although other devices with "
+"bootable partitions will also show up as <filename>fs<replaceable>n</"
+"replaceable></filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1259
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Enter <command>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:</command> and press "
+"<command>ENTER</command> to select that device where <replaceable>n</"
+"replaceable> is the partition number for the CDROM. The shell will now "
+"display the partition number as its prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1266
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Enter <command>elilo</command> and press <command>ENTER</command>. This will "
+"start the boot load sequence."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As with option 1, these steps start the &debian; boot loader which will "
+"display a menu page for you to select a boot kernel and options. You can "
+"also enter the shorter <command>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:elilo</"
+"command> command at the shell prompt. Proceed to selecting the boot kernel "
+"and options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1287
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing using a Serial Console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1289
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You may choose to perform an install using a monitor and keyboard or using a "
+"serial connection. To use a monitor/keyboard setup, select an option "
+"containing the string [VGA console]. To install over a serial connection, "
+"choose an option containing the string [<replaceable>BAUD</replaceable> baud "
+"serial console], where <replaceable>BAUD</replaceable> is the speed of your "
+"serial console. Menu items for the most typical baud rate settings on the "
+"ttyS0 device are preconfigured."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1300
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In most circumstances, you will want the installer to use the same baud rate "
+"as your connection to the EFI console. If you aren't sure what this setting "
+"is, you can obtain it using the command <command>baud</command> at the EFI "
+"shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1307
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If there is not an option available that is configured for the serial device "
+"or baud rate you would like to use, you may override the console setting for "
+"one of the existing menu options. For example, to use a 57600 baud console "
+"over the ttyS1 device, enter <command>console=ttyS1,57600n8</command> into "
+"the <classname>Boot:</classname> text window."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1318
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most IA-64 boxes ship with a default console setting of 9600 baud. This "
+"setting is rather slow, and the normal installation process will take a "
+"significant time to draw each screen. You should consider either increasing "
+"the baud rate used for performing the installation, or performing a Text "
+"Mode installation. See the <classname>Params</classname> help menu for "
+"instructions on starting the installer in Text Mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1327
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you select the wrong console type, you will be able to select the kernel "
+"and enter parameters but both the display and your input will go dead as "
+"soon as the kernel starts, requiring you to reboot before you can begin the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1336
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Selecting the Boot Kernel and Options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1338
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The boot loader will display a form with a menu list and a text window with "
+"a <classname>Boot:</classname> prompt. The arrow keys select an item from "
+"the menu and any text typed at the keyboard will appear in the text window. "
+"There are also help screens which can be displayed by pressing the "
+"appropriate function key. The <classname>General</classname> help screen "
+"explains the menu choices and the <classname>Params</classname> screen "
+"explains the common command line options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Consult the <classname>General</classname> help screen for the description "
+"of the kernels and install modes most appropriate for your installation. You "
+"should also consult <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/> below for any additional "
+"parameters that you may want to set in the <classname>Boot:</classname> text "
+"window. The kernel version you choose selects the kernel version that will "
+"be used for both the installation process and the installed system. If you "
+"encounter kernel problems with the installation, you may also have those "
+"same problems with the system you install. The following two steps will "
+"select and start the install:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Select the kernel version and installation mode most appropriate to your "
+"needs with the arrow keys."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1373
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Enter any boot parameters by typing at the keyboard. The text will be "
+"displayed directly in the text window. This is where kernel parameters (such "
+"as serial console settings) are specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Press <command>ENTER</command>. This will load and start the kernel. The "
+"kernel will display its usual initialization messages followed by the first "
+"screen of the &debian; Installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1389 boot-installer.xml:1526
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Proceed to the next chapter to continue the installation where you will set "
+"up the language locale, network, and disk partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1400
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Booting an IA-64 system from the network is similar to a CD boot. The only "
+"difference is how the installation kernel is loaded. The EFI Boot Manager "
+"can load and start programs from a server on the network. Once the "
+"installation kernel is loaded and starts, the system install will proceed "
+"through the same steps as the CD install with the exception that the "
+"packages of the base install will be loaded from the network rather than the "
+"CD drive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1435
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Network booting an IA-64 system requires two architecture-specific actions. "
+"On the boot server, DHCP and TFTP must be configured to deliver "
+"<command>elilo</command>. On the client a new boot option must be defined in "
+"the EFI boot manager to enable loading over a network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1446
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1447
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A suitable TFTP entry for network booting an IA-64 system looks something "
+"like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"host mcmuffin {\n"
+" hardware ethernet 00:30:6e:1e:0e:83;\n"
+" fixed-address 10.0.0.21;\n"
+" filename \"debian-installer/ia64/elilo.efi\";\n"
+"}\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Note that the goal is to get <command>elilo.efi</"
+"command> running on the client."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1457
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Extract the <filename>netboot.tar.gz</filename> file into the directory used "
+"as the root for your tftp server. Typical tftp root directories include "
+"<filename>/var/lib/tftp</filename> and <filename>/tftpboot</filename>. This "
+"will create a <filename>debian-installer</filename> directory tree "
+"containing the boot files for an IA-64 system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:1467
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# cd /var/lib/tftp\n"
+"# tar xvfz /home/user/netboot.tar.gz\n"
+"./\n"
+"./debian-installer/\n"
+"./debian-installer/ia64/\n"
+"[...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1467
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <filename>netboot.tar.gz</filename> contains an <filename>elilo.conf</"
+"filename> file that should work for most configurations. However, should you "
+"need to make changes to this file, you can find it in the <filename>debian-"
+"installer/ia64/</filename> directory. It is possible to have different "
+"config files for different clients by naming them using the client's IP "
+"address in hex with the suffix <filename>.conf</filename> instead of "
+"<filename>elilo.conf</filename>. See documentation provided in the "
+"<classname>elilo</classname> package for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1484
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Client"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1485
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To configure the client to support TFTP booting, start by booting to EFI and "
+"entering the <guimenu>Boot Option Maintenance Menu</guimenu>. <itemizedlist> "
+"<listitem><para> Add a boot option. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> You "
+"should see one or more lines with the text <guimenuitem>Load File "
+"[Acpi()/.../Mac()]</guimenuitem>. If more than one of these entries exist, "
+"choose the one containing the MAC address of the interface from which you'll "
+"be booting. Use the arrow keys to highlight your choice, then press enter. </"
+"para></listitem> <listitem><para> Name the entry <userinput>Netboot</"
+"userinput> or something similar, save, and exit back to the boot options "
+"menu. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> You should see the new boot option "
+"you just created, and selecting it should initiate a DHCP query, leading to "
+"a TFTP load of <filename>elilo.efi</filename> from the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1517
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The boot loader will display its prompt after it has downloaded and "
+"processed its configuration file. At this point, the installation proceeds "
+"with the same steps as a CD install. Select a boot option as in above and "
+"when the kernel has completed installing itself from the network, it will "
+"start the &debian; Installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1571
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S/390 Limitations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1572
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to run the installation system a working network setup and ssh "
+"session is needed on S/390."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1577
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The booting process starts with a network setup that prompts you for several "
+"network parameters. If the setup is successful, you will login to the system "
+"by starting an ssh session which will launch the standard installation "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S/390 Boot Parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1589
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On S/390 you can append boot parameters in the parm file. This file can "
+"either be in ASCII or EBCDIC format. It needs to be fixed-width with 80 "
+"characters per line. A sample parm file <filename>parmfile.debian</filename> "
+"is provided with the installation images. If a parameter is too long to fit "
+"into the 80 characters limit it can simply be continued in the first column "
+"of the next line. All the lines are concatenated without spaces when being "
+"passed to the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1606
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you boot the installer in a logical partition (LPAR) or virtual machine "
+"(VM) where a lot of devices are visible, you can instruct the kernel to "
+"restrict the list to a fixed set of devices. This is advised for the "
+"installer's boot process if a lot of disks are visible, most likely in LPAR "
+"mode. The <quote>cio_ignore</quote> option supports both a blacklist (to "
+"only disallow a few devices) and a whitelist (to only allow specific "
+"devices): <informalexample role=\"example\"><screen>\n"
+" # blacklist: just ignore the two devices 300 and 301\n"
+" cio_ignore=0.0.0300-0.0.0301\n"
+" # whitelist: ignore everything but 1150, FD00, FD01 and FD02\n"
+" cio_ignore=all,!0.0.1150,!0.0.fd00-0.0.fd02\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Please note that all devices numbers' hex digits "
+"need to be specified in lower case. Furthermore if this boot parameter is "
+"used all devices need to be listed: this includes at least disks, network "
+"devices and the console. To be considered during the installer's boot "
+"process the above option needs to be added to <filename>parmfile.debian</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1891
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting a ppc64el machine"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1892
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How to boot a ppc64el machine:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:1898
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Petitboot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Petitboot is a platform independent bootloader based on the Linux kexec. "
+"Petitboot supports loading kernel, initrd and device tree files from any "
+"Linux mountable filesystem, plus can load files from the network using the "
+"FTP, SFTP, TFTP, NFS, HTTP and HTTPS protocols. Petitboot can boot any "
+"operating system that includes kexec boot support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1907
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Petitboot looks for bootloader configuration files on mountable devices in "
+"the system, and can also be configured to use boot information from a DHCP "
+"server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:1958
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On machines with OpenBoot, simply enter the boot monitor on the machine "
+"which is being installed (see <xref linkend=\"invoking-openboot\"/>). Use "
+"the command <userinput>boot net</userinput> to boot from a TFTP and RARP "
+"server, or try <userinput>boot net:bootp</userinput> or <userinput>boot net:"
+"dhcp</userinput> to boot from a TFTP and BOOTP or DHCP server. You can pass "
+"extra boot parameters to &d-i; at the end of the <userinput>boot</userinput> "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2012
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most OpenBoot versions support the <userinput>boot cdrom</userinput> command "
+"which is simply an alias to boot from the SCSI device on ID 6 (or the "
+"secondary master for IDE based systems)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2021
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IDPROM Messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2022
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you cannot boot because you get messages about a problem with "
+"<quote>IDPROM</quote>, then it's possible that your NVRAM battery, which "
+"holds configuration information for you firmware, has run out. See the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-sun-nvram-faq;\">Sun NVRAM FAQ</ulink> for more "
+"information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2041
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Accessibility"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2042
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some users may need specific support because of e.g. some visual impairment. "
+"<phrase arch=\"ia64;powerpc;ppc64el;x86\">USB braille displays are detected "
+"automatically (not serial displays connected via a serial-to-USB converter), "
+"but most other</phrase> <phrase arch=\"arm;hppa;mips;mipsel;mips64el;sparc"
+"\">Most</phrase> accessibility features have to be enabled manually. <phrase "
+"arch=\"x86\">On machines that support it, the boot menu emits beeps when it "
+"is ready to receive keystrokes. It beeps once on BIOS systems, and beeps "
+"twice on UEFI systems.</phrase> Some boot parameters can <phrase arch="
+"\"x86\">then</phrase> be appended to enable accessibility features<phrase "
+"arch=\"x86\"> (see also <xref linkend=\"boot-screen\"/>)</phrase>. Note that "
+"on most architectures the boot loader interprets your keyboard as a QWERTY "
+"keyboard."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2062
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installer front-end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2063
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; installer supports several front-ends for asking questions, "
+"with varying convenience for accessibility: notably, <userinput>text</"
+"userinput> uses plain text while <userinput>newt</userinput> uses text-based "
+"dialog boxes. The choice can be made at the boot prompt, see the "
+"documentation for <userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND</userinput> in <xref linkend="
+"\"installer-args\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2075
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "USB Braille Displays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2076
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"USB braille displays should be automatically detected. A textual version of "
+"the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for the "
+"braille display will be automatically installed on the target system. You "
+"can thus just press &enterkey; at the boot menu. Once <classname>brltty</"
+"classname> is started, you can choose a braille table by entering the "
+"preference menu. Documentation on key bindings for braille devices is "
+"available on the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-driver-help;\"><classname>brltty</"
+"classname> website</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2091
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Serial Braille Displays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2092
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Serial braille displays cannot safely be automatically detected (since that "
+"may damage some of them). You thus need to append the "
+"<userinput>brltty=<replaceable>driver</replaceable>,<replaceable>port</"
+"replaceable></userinput> boot parameter to tell <classname>brltty</"
+"classname> which driver and port it should use. <replaceable>driver</"
+"replaceable> should be replaced by the two-letter driver code for your "
+"terminal (see the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-manual;\">BRLTTY manual</ulink>). "
+"<replaceable>port</replaceable> should be replaced by the name of the serial "
+"port the display is connected to, <userinput>ttyS0</userinput> is the "
+"default, <userinput>ttyUSB0</userinput> can be typically used when using a "
+"serial-to-USB converter. A third parameter can be provided, to choose the "
+"name of the braille table to be used (see the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-"
+"manual;\">BRLTTY manual</ulink>); the English table is the default. Note "
+"that the table can be changed later by entering the preference menu. A "
+"fourth parameter can be provided to pass parameters to the braille driver, "
+"such as <userinput>protocol=foo</userinput> which is needed for some rare "
+"models. Documentation on key bindings for braille devices is available on "
+"the <ulink url=\"&url-brltty-driver-help;\"><classname>brltty</classname> "
+"website</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2119 boot-installer.xml:3109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Software Speech Synthesis"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2120
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for software speech synthesis is available on all installer images "
+"which have the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD images, and "
+"the netboot gtk variant. It can be activated by selecting it in the boot "
+"menu by typing <userinput>s</userinput> &enterkey;. The textual version of "
+"the installer will then be automatically selected, and support for software "
+"speech synthesis will be automatically installed on the target system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If several sound cards are detected, you will be prompted to press "
+"&enterkey; when you hear speech from the desired sound card."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The first question (language) is spoken in english, and the remainder of "
+"installation is spoken in the selected language (if available in "
+"<classname>espeak</classname>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The default speech rate is quite slow. To make it faster, press "
+"<keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>6</keycap></keycombo>. To make it "
+"slower, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>5</keycap></"
+"keycombo>. The default volume should be medium. To make it louder, press "
+"<keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>2</keycap></keycombo>. To make it "
+"quieter, press <keycombo><keycap>CapsLock</keycap><keycap>1</keycap></"
+"keycombo>. To get more details on the browsing shortcuts, see the <ulink url="
+"\"&url-speakup-guide;\">Speakup guide</ulink>. To just accept the default "
+"answer for a question, simply press <keycap>Enter</keycap> at the prompt. To "
+"provide an empty answer for a question, type <userinput>!</userinput> at the "
+"prompt. To get back to the previous question, type <userinput>&lt;</"
+"userinput> at the prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2168
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware Speech Synthesis"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2169
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is available on all installer "
+"images which have the graphical installer, i.e. all netinst, CD and DVD "
+"images, and the netboot gtk variant. You thus need to select a "
+"<quote>Graphical install</quote> entry in the boot menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2176
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Hardware speech synthesis devices cannot be automatically detected. You thus "
+"need to append the <userinput>speakup.synth=<replaceable>driver</"
+"replaceable></userinput> boot parameter to tell <classname>speakup</"
+"classname> which driver it should use. <replaceable>driver</replaceable> "
+"should be replaced by the driver code for your device (see <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"speakup-guide;\">driver code list</ulink>). The textual version of the "
+"installer will then be automatically selected, and support for the speech "
+"synthesis device will be automatically installed on the target system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2191
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Board Devices"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2192
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some accessibility devices are actual boards that are plugged inside the "
+"machine and that read text directly from the video memory. To get them to "
+"work framebuffer support must be disabled by using the <userinput arch="
+"\"x86\">vga=normal</userinput> <userinput>fb=false</userinput> boot "
+"parameter. This will however reduce the number of available languages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2200
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If desired a textual version of the bootloader can be activated before "
+"adding the boot parameter by typing <userinput>h</userinput> &enterkey;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2208
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "High-Contrast Theme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2209
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For users with low vision, the installer can use a high-contrast color theme "
+"that makes it more readable. To enable it, you can use the <quote>Accessible "
+"high contrast</quote> entry from the boot screen with the <userinput>d</"
+"userinput> shortcut, or append the <userinput>theme=dark</userinput> boot "
+"parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2220
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Zoom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For users with low vision, the graphical installer has a very basic zoom "
+"support: the <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>+</keycap></"
+"keycombo> and <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>-</keycap></"
+"keycombo> shortcuts increase and decrease the font size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2231
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Expert install, rescue mode, automated install"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2232
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Expert, Rescue, and Automated installation choices are also available with "
+"accessibility support. To access them, one has to first enter the "
+"<quote>Advanced options</quote> submenu from the boot menu by typing "
+"<userinput>a</userinput>. When using a BIOS system (the boot menu will have "
+"beeped only once), this has to be followed by &enterkey; ; for UEFI systems "
+"(the boot menu will have beeped twice) that must not be done. Then, to "
+"enable speech synthesis, <userinput>s</userinput> can optionally be pressed "
+"(followed again by &enterkey; on BIOS systems but not on UEFI systems). From "
+"there, various shortcuts can be used: <userinput>x</userinput> for expert "
+"installation, <userinput>r</userinput> for rescue mode, or <userinput>a</"
+"userinput> for automated installation. Again these need to be followed by "
+"&enterkey; when using a BIOS system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2247
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The automated install choice allows to install &debian; completely "
+"automatically by using preseeding, whose source can be entered after "
+"accessibility features get started. Preseeding itself is documented in <xref "
+"linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2257
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Accessibility of the installed system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2258
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Documentation on accessibility of the installed system is available on the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-wiki-accessibility;\">Debian Accessibility wiki "
+"page</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2272
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot Parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot parameters are Linux kernel parameters which are generally used to make "
+"sure that peripherals are dealt with properly. For the most part, the kernel "
+"can auto-detect information about your peripherals. However, in some cases "
+"you'll have to help the kernel a bit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2280
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If this is the first time you're booting the system, try the default boot "
+"parameters (i.e., don't try setting parameters) and see if it works "
+"correctly. It probably will. If not, you can reboot later and look for any "
+"special parameters that inform the system about your hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2287
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Information on many boot parameters can be found in the <ulink url=\"http://"
+"www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html\"> Linux BootPrompt HOWTO</ulink>, "
+"including tips for obscure hardware. This section contains only a sketch of "
+"the most salient parameters. Some common gotchas are included below in <xref "
+"linkend=\"boot-troubleshooting\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2299
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2301
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are booting with a serial console, generally the kernel will "
+"autodetect this. If you have a videocard (framebuffer) and a keyboard also "
+"attached to the computer which you wish to boot via serial console, you may "
+"have to pass the <userinput>console=<replaceable>device</replaceable></"
+"userinput> argument to the kernel, where <replaceable>device</replaceable> "
+"is your serial device, which is usually something like <filename>ttyS0</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You may need to specify parameters for the serial port, such as speed and "
+"parity, for instance <userinput>console=ttyS0,9600n8</userinput>; other "
+"typical speeds may be 57600 or 115200. Be sure to specify this option after "
+"<quote>---</quote>, so that it is copied into the bootloader configuration "
+"for the installed system (if supported by the installer for the bootloader)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2321
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to ensure the terminal type used by the installer matches your "
+"terminal emulator, the parameter <userinput>TERM=<replaceable>type</"
+"replaceable></userinput> can be added. Note that the installer only supports "
+"the following terminal types: <literal>linux</literal>, <literal>bterm</"
+"literal>, <literal>ansi</literal>, <literal>vt102</literal> and "
+"<literal>dumb</literal>. The default for serial console in &d-i; is "
+"<userinput>vt102</userinput>. If you are using an IPMI console, or a "
+"virtualization tool which does not provide conversion into such terminals "
+"types itself, e.g. QEMU/KVM, you can start it inside a <command>screen</"
+"command> session. That will indeed perform translation into the "
+"<literal>screen</literal> terminal type, which is very close to "
+"<literal>vt102</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2337
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For &arch-title; the serial devices are <filename>ttya</filename> or "
+"<filename>ttyb</filename>. Alternatively, set the <envar>input-device</"
+"envar> and <envar>output-device</envar> OpenPROM variables to "
+"<filename>ttya</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2349
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian; Installer Parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation system recognizes a few additional boot "
+"parameters<footnote> <para> With current kernels (2.6.9 or newer) you can "
+"use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. If these numbers are "
+"exceeded, the kernel will panic. Also there is a limit of 255 characters for "
+"the whole kernel command line, everything above this limit may be silently "
+"truncated. </para> </footnote> which may be useful."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2365
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A number of parameters have a <quote>short form</quote> that helps avoid the "
+"limitations of the kernel command line options and makes entering the "
+"parameters easier. If a parameter has a short form, it will be listed in "
+"brackets behind the (normal) long form. Examples in this manual will "
+"normally use the short form too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2377
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debconf/priority (priority)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2378
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This parameter sets the lowest priority of messages to be displayed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2382
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The default installation uses <userinput>priority=high</userinput>. This "
+"means that both high and critical priority messages are shown, but medium "
+"and low priority messages are skipped. If problems are encountered, the "
+"installer adjusts the priority as needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2389
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you add <userinput>priority=medium</userinput> as boot parameter, you "
+"will be shown the installation menu and gain more control over the "
+"installation. When <userinput>priority=low</userinput> is used, all messages "
+"are shown (this is equivalent to the <emphasis>expert</emphasis> boot "
+"method). With <userinput>priority=critical</userinput>, the installation "
+"system will display only critical messages and try to do the right thing "
+"without fuss."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2403
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "DEBIAN_FRONTEND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2404
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This boot parameter controls the type of user interface used for the "
+"installer. The current possible parameter settings are: <itemizedlist> "
+"<listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive</userinput></"
+"para> </listitem><listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text</"
+"userinput></para> </listitem><listitem> "
+"<para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=newt</userinput></para> </"
+"listitem><listitem> <para><userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=gtk</userinput></para> "
+"</listitem> </itemizedlist> The default frontend is "
+"<userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=newt</userinput>. "
+"<userinput>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text</userinput> may be preferable for serial "
+"console installs. Some specialized types of install media may only offer a "
+"limited selection of frontends, but the <userinput>newt</userinput> and "
+"<userinput>text</userinput> frontends are available on most default install "
+"media. On architectures that support it, the graphical installer uses the "
+"<userinput>gtk</userinput> frontend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2435
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BOOT_DEBUG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2436
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Setting this boot parameter to 2 will cause the installer's boot process to "
+"be verbosely logged. Setting it to 3 makes debug shells available at "
+"strategic points in the boot process. (Exit the shells to continue the boot "
+"process.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:2445
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2446
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This is the default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:2450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2451
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "More verbose than usual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:2455
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2456
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Lots of debugging information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:2460
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BOOT_DEBUG=3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2461
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Shells are run at various points in the boot process to allow detailed "
+"debugging. Exit the shell to continue the boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2475
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "log_host"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2476
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "log_port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2477
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Causes the installer to send log messages to a remote syslog on the "
+"specified host and port as well as to a local file. If not specified, the "
+"port defaults to the standard syslog port 514."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2488
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "lowmem"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2489
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Can be used to force the installer to a lowmem level higher than the one the "
+"installer sets by default based on available memory. Possible values are 1 "
+"and 2. See also <xref linkend=\"lowmem\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2499
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "noshell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2500
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Prevents the installer from offering interactive shells on tty2 and tty3. "
+"Useful for unattended installations where physical security is limited."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2509
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/framebuffer (fb)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2510
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some architectures use the kernel framebuffer to offer installation in a "
+"number of languages. If framebuffer causes a problem on your system you can "
+"disable the feature using the parameter <userinput arch=\"x86\">vga=normal</"
+"userinput> <userinput>fb=false</userinput>. Problem symptoms are error "
+"messages about bterm or bogl, a blank screen, or a freeze within a few "
+"minutes after starting the install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2519
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Such problems have been reported on hppa."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2523
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Because of display problems on some systems, framebuffer support is "
+"<emphasis>disabled by default</emphasis> for &arch-title;. This can result "
+"in ugly display on systems that do properly support the framebuffer, like "
+"those with ATI graphical cards. If you see display problems in the "
+"installer, you can try booting with parameter <userinput>debian-installer/"
+"framebuffer=true</userinput> or <userinput>fb=true</userinput> for short."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/theme (theme)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2538
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A theme determines how the user interface of the installer looks (colors, "
+"icons, etc.). What themes are available differs per frontend. Currently both "
+"the newt and gtk frontends only have a <quote>dark</quote> theme that was "
+"designed for visually impaired users. Set the theme by booting with "
+"<userinput>theme=<replaceable>dark</replaceable></userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2550 boot-installer.xml:2783
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netcfg/disable_autoconfig"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2551
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, the &d-i; automatically probes for network configuration via "
+"IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP. If the probe succeeds, you won't have a "
+"chance to review and change the obtained settings. You can get to the manual "
+"network setup only in case the automatic configuration fails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2558
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have an IPv6 router or a DHCP server on your local network, but want "
+"to avoid them because e.g. they give wrong answers, you can use the "
+"parameter <userinput>netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true</userinput> to prevent "
+"any automatic configuration of the network (neither v4 nor v6) and to enter "
+"the information manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2569
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "hw-detect/start_pcmcia"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2570
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>false</userinput> to prevent starting PCMCIA services, if "
+"that causes problems. Some laptops are well known for this misbehavior."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2580
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "disk-detect/dmraid/enable (dmraid)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2581
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to enable support for Serial ATA RAID "
+"(also called ATA RAID, BIOS RAID or fake RAID) disks in the installer. Note "
+"that this support is currently experimental. Additional information can be "
+"found on the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-wiki;\">&debian; Installer Wiki</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2592
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/url (url)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2593
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Specify the url to a preconfiguration file to download and use for "
+"automating the install. See <xref linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2602
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/file (file)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2603
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Specify the path to a preconfiguration file to load for automating the "
+"install. See <xref linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2612
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/interactive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2613
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to display questions even if they have "
+"been preseeded. Can be useful for testing or debugging a preconfiguration "
+"file. Note that this will have no effect on parameters that are passed as "
+"boot parameters, but for those a special syntax can be used. See <xref "
+"linkend=\"preseed-seenflag\"/> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2625
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "auto-install/enable (auto)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2626
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Delay questions that are normally asked before preseeding is possible until "
+"after the network is configured. See <xref linkend=\"preseed-auto\"/> for "
+"details about using this to automate installs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2637
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "finish-install/keep-consoles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2638
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During installations from serial or management console, the regular virtual "
+"consoles (VT1 to VT6) are normally disabled in <filename>/etc/inittab</"
+"filename>. Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to prevent this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2649
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "cdrom-detect/eject"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2650
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, before rebooting, &d-i; automatically ejects the optical media "
+"used during the installation. This can be unnecessary if the system does not "
+"automatically boot off the CD. In some cases it may even be undesirable, for "
+"example if the optical drive cannot reinsert the media itself and the user "
+"is not there to do it manually. Many slot loading, slim-line, and caddy "
+"style drives cannot reload media automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2659
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>false</userinput> to disable automatic ejection, and be "
+"aware that you may need to ensure that the system does not automatically "
+"boot from the optical drive after the initial installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2670
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "base-installer/install-recommends (recommends)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2671
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By setting this option to <userinput>false</userinput>, the package "
+"management system will be configured to not automatically install "
+"<quote>Recommends</quote>, both during the installation and for the "
+"installed system. See also <xref linkend=\"di-install-base\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2678
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that this option allows to have a leaner system, but can also result in "
+"features being missing that you might normally expect to be available. You "
+"may have to manually install some of the recommended packages to obtain the "
+"full functionality you want. This option should therefore only be used by "
+"very experienced users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2690
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2691
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated using a "
+"known gpg key. Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to disable that "
+"authentication. <emphasis role=\"bold\">Warning: insecure, not recommended.</"
+"emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2702
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ramdisk_size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2703
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This parameter should already be set to a correct value where needed; set it "
+"only it you see errors during the boot that indicate the ramdisk could not "
+"be loaded completely. The value is in kB."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2713
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "rescue/enable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2714
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>true</userinput> to enter rescue mode rather than "
+"performing a normal installation. See <xref linkend=\"rescue\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2727
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using boot parameters to answer questions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2728
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"With some exceptions, a value can be set at the boot prompt for any question "
+"asked during the installation, though this is only really useful in specific "
+"cases. General instructions how to do this can be found in <xref linkend="
+"\"preseed-bootparms\"/>. Some specific examples are listed below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2740
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/language (language)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2741
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/country (country)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2742
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/locale (locale)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2743
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are two ways to specify the language, country and locale to use for "
+"the installation and the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2748
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The first and easiest is to pass only the parameter <literal>locale</"
+"literal>. Language and country will then be derived from its value. You can "
+"for example use <userinput>locale=de_CH</userinput> to select German as "
+"language and Switzerland as country (<literal>de_CH.UTF-8</literal> will be "
+"set as default locale for the installed system). Limitation is that not all "
+"possible combinations of language, country and locale can be achieved this "
+"way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2757
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The second, more flexible option is to specify <literal>language</literal> "
+"and <literal>country</literal> separately. In this case <literal>locale</"
+"literal> can optionally be added to specify a specific default locale for "
+"the installed system. Example: <userinput>language=en country=DE "
+"locale=en_GB.UTF-8</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2769
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "anna/choose_modules (modules)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Can be used to automatically load installer components that are not loaded "
+"by default. Examples of optional components that may be useful are "
+"<classname>openssh-client-udeb</classname> (so you can use <command>scp</"
+"command> during the installation)<phrase arch=\"not-s390\"> and "
+"<classname>ppp-udeb</classname> (see <xref linkend=\"pppoe\"/>)</phrase>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2784
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set to <userinput>true</userinput> if you want to disable IPv6 "
+"autoconfiguration and DHCP and instead force static network configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2793
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mirror/protocol (protocol)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2794
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default the installer will use the http protocol to download files from "
+"&debian; mirrors and changing that to ftp is not possible during "
+"installations at normal priority. By setting this parameter to "
+"<userinput>ftp</userinput>, you can force the installer to use that protocol "
+"instead. Note that you cannot select an ftp mirror from a list, you have to "
+"enter the hostname manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: boot-installer.xml:2807
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "tasksel:tasksel/first (tasks)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2808
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Can be used to select tasks that are not available from the interactive task "
+"list, such as the <literal>kde-desktop</literal> task. See <xref linkend="
+"\"pkgsel\"/> for additional information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2822
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Passing parameters to kernel modules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2823
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If drivers are compiled into the kernel, you can pass parameters to them as "
+"described in the kernel documentation. However, if drivers are compiled as "
+"modules and because kernel modules are loaded a bit differently during an "
+"installation than when booting an installed system, it is not possible to "
+"pass parameters to modules as you would normally do. Instead, you need to "
+"use a special syntax recognized by the installer which will then make sure "
+"that the parameters are saved in the proper configuration files and will "
+"thus be used when the modules are actually loaded. The parameters will also "
+"be propagated automatically to the configuration for the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2836
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that it is now quite rare that parameters need to be passed to modules. "
+"In most cases the kernel will be able to probe the hardware present in a "
+"system and set good defaults that way. However, in some situations it may "
+"still be needed to set parameters manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2843
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The syntax to use to set parameters for modules is: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"<replaceable>module_name</replaceable>.<replaceable>parameter_name</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If you need to pass multiple parameters to the "
+"same or different modules, just repeat this. For example, to set an old 3Com "
+"network interface card to use the BNC (coax) connector and IRQ 10, you would "
+"pass:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:2853
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "3c509.xcvr=3 3c509.irq=10"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2859
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Blacklisting kernel modules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2860
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes it may be necessary to blacklist a module to prevent it from being "
+"loaded automatically by the kernel and udev. One reason could be that a "
+"particular module causes problems with your hardware. The kernel also "
+"sometimes lists two different drivers for the same device. This can cause "
+"the device to not work correctly if the drivers conflict or if the wrong "
+"driver is loaded first."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2869
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can blacklist a module using the following syntax: "
+"<userinput><replaceable>module_name</replaceable>.blacklist=yes</userinput>. "
+"This will cause the module to be blacklisted in <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/"
+"blacklist.local</filename> both during the installation and for the "
+"installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2877
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that a module may still be loaded by the installation system itself. "
+"You can prevent that from happening by running the installation in expert "
+"mode and unselecting the module from the list of modules displayed during "
+"the hardware detection phases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2893
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Troubleshooting the Installation Process"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2898
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CD-ROM Reliability"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes, especially with older CD-ROM drives, the installer may fail to "
+"boot from a CD-ROM. The installer may also &mdash; even after booting "
+"successfully from CD-ROM &mdash; fail to recognize the CD-ROM or return "
+"errors while reading from it during the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2906
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are many different possible causes for these problems. We can only "
+"list some common issues and provide general suggestions on how to deal with "
+"them. The rest is up to you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2912
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "There are two very simple things that you should try first."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2917
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the CD-ROM does not boot, check that it was inserted correctly and that "
+"it is not dirty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2923
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the installer fails to recognize a CD-ROM, try just running the option "
+"<menuchoice> <guimenuitem>Detect and mount CD-ROM</guimenuitem> </"
+"menuchoice> a second time. Some DMA related issues with very old CD-ROM "
+"drives are known to be resolved in this way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2933
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If this does not work, then try the suggestions in the subsections below. "
+"Most, but not all, suggestions discussed there are valid for both CD-ROM and "
+"DVD, but we'll use the term CD-ROM for simplicity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2939
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you cannot get the installation working from CD-ROM, try one of the other "
+"installation methods that are available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2947
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Common issues"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2950
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some older CD-ROM drives do not support reading from discs that were burned "
+"at high speeds using a modern CD writer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2967
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some very old CD-ROM drives do not work correctly if <quote>direct memory "
+"access</quote> (DMA) is enabled for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:2978
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How to investigate and maybe solve issues"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2979
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "If the CD-ROM fails to boot, try the suggestions listed below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2984
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check that your BIOS actually supports booting from CD-ROM (only an issue "
+"for very old systems) and that CD booting is enabled in the BIOS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:2991
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you downloaded an iso image, check that the md5sum of that image matches "
+"the one listed for the image in the <filename>MD5SUMS</filename> file that "
+"should be present in the same location as where you downloaded the image "
+"from. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ md5sum <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso</replaceable>\n"
+"a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92 <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst."
+"iso</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Next, check that the md5sum of the burned CD-ROM "
+"matches as well. The following command should work. It uses the size of the "
+"image to read the correct number of bytes from the CD-ROM."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-installer.xml:3004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"$ dd if=/dev/cdrom | \\\n"
+"&gt; head -c `stat --format=%s <replaceable>debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso</"
+"replaceable>` | \\\n"
+"&gt; md5sum\n"
+"a20391b12f7ff22ef705cee4059c6b92 -\n"
+"262668+0 records in\n"
+"262668+0 records out\n"
+"134486016 bytes (134 MB) copied, 97.474 seconds, 1.4 MB/s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3009
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If, after the installer has been booted successfully, the CD-ROM is not "
+"detected, sometimes simply trying again may solve the problem. If you have "
+"more than one CD-ROM drive, try changing the CD-ROM to the other drive. If "
+"that does not work or if the CD-ROM is recognized but there are errors when "
+"reading from it, try the suggestions listed below. Some basic knowledge of "
+"&arch-kernel; is required for this. To execute any of the commands, you "
+"should first switch to the second virtual console (VT2) and activate the "
+"shell there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3021
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Switch to VT4 or view the contents of <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename> "
+"(use <command>nano</command> as editor) to check for any specific error "
+"messages. After that, also check the output of <command>dmesg</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3028
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check in the output of <command>dmesg</command> if your CD-ROM drive was "
+"recognized. You should see something like (the lines do not necessarily have "
+"to be consecutive): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"ata1.00: ATAPI: MATSHITADVD-RAM UJ-822S, 1.61, max UDMA/33\n"
+"ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33\n"
+"scsi 0:0:0:0: CD-ROM MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-822S 1.61 PQ: 0 ANSI: "
+"5\n"
+"sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray\n"
+"cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If you don't see something like that, chances "
+"are the controller your CD-ROM is connected to was not recognized or may be "
+"not supported at all. If you know what driver is needed for the controller, "
+"you can try loading it manually using <command>modprobe</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3042
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check that there is a device node for your CD-ROM drive under <filename>/dev/"
+"</filename>. In the example above, this would be <filename>/dev/sr0</"
+"filename>. There should also be a <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3050
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Use the <command>mount</command> command to check if the CD-ROM is already "
+"mounted; if not, try mounting it manually: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ mount /dev/<replaceable>hdc</replaceable> /cdrom\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Check if there are any error messages after that "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3060
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check if DMA is currently enabled: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ cd /proc/<replaceable>ide</replaceable>/<replaceable>hdc</replaceable>\n"
+"$ grep using_dma settings\n"
+"using_dma 1 0 1 rw\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> A <quote>1</quote> in the first column after "
+"<literal>using_dma</literal> means it is enabled. If it is, try disabling "
+"it: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ echo -n \"using_dma:0\" &gt;settings\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Make sure that you are in the directory for the "
+"device that corresponds to your CD-ROM drive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3075
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If there are any problems during the installation, try checking the "
+"integrity of the CD-ROM using the option near the bottom of the installer's "
+"main menu. This option can also be used as a general test if the CD-ROM can "
+"be read reliably."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3089
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot Configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3091
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have problems and the kernel hangs during the boot process, doesn't "
+"recognize peripherals you actually have, or drives are not recognized "
+"properly, the first thing to check is the boot parameters, as discussed in "
+"<xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3100
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, malfunctions can be caused by missing device firmware (see "
+"<xref linkend=\"hardware-firmware\"/> and <xref linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/"
+">)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3111
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If software speech synthesis does not work, there is most probably an issue "
+"with your sound board, usually because either the driver for it is not "
+"included in the installer, or because it has unusual mixer level names which "
+"are set to muted by default. You should thus submit a bug report which "
+"includes the output of the following commands, run on the same machine from "
+"a Linux system which is known to have sound working (e.g., a live CD)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:3122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "dmesg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:3124
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "lspci"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:3126
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "lsmod"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: userinput
+#: boot-installer.xml:3128
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "amixer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3136 boot-installer.xml:3241
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Common &arch-title; Installation Problems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3137
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are some common installation problems that can be solved or avoided by "
+"passing certain boot parameters to the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3182
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your screen begins to show a weird picture while the kernel boots, eg. "
+"pure white, pure black or colored pixel garbage, your system may contain a "
+"problematic video card which does not switch to the framebuffer mode "
+"properly. Then you can use the boot parameter <userinput>fb=false</"
+"userinput> to disable the framebuffer console. Only a reduced set of "
+"languages will be available during the installation due to limited console "
+"features. See <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3196
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "System Freeze During the PCMCIA Configuration Phase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3197
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some very old laptop models produced by Dell are known to crash when PCMCIA "
+"device detection tries to access some hardware addresses. Other laptops may "
+"display similar problems. If you experience such a problem and you don't "
+"need PCMCIA support during the installation, you can disable PCMCIA using "
+"the <userinput>hw-detect/start_pcmcia=false</userinput> boot parameter. You "
+"can then configure PCMCIA after the installation is completed and exclude "
+"the resource range causing the problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3207
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively, you can boot the installer in expert mode. You will then be "
+"asked to enter the resource range options your hardware needs. For example, "
+"if you have one of the Dell laptops mentioned above, you should enter "
+"<userinput>exclude port 0x800-0x8ff</userinput> here. There is also a list "
+"of some common resource range options in the <ulink url=\"http://pcmcia-cs."
+"sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.12\">System resource "
+"settings section of the PCMCIA HOWTO</ulink>. Note that you have to omit the "
+"commas, if any, when you enter this value in the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3242
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "There are some common installation problems that are worth mentioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3248
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Misdirected video output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3249
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is fairly common for &arch-title; to have two video cards in one machine, "
+"for example an ATI card and a Sun Creator 3D. In some cases, this may result "
+"in the video output getting misdirected soon after the system boots. In "
+"typical cases, the display will only show: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"Remapping the kernel... done\n"
+"Booting Linux...\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> To work around this, you can either pull out one "
+"of the video cards, or disable the one not used during the OpenProm boot "
+"phase using a kernel parameter. For example, to disable an ATI card, you "
+"should boot the installer with <userinput>video=atyfb:off</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3263
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that you may also have to manually add this parameter to the silo "
+"configuration (edit <filename>/target/etc/silo.conf</filename> before "
+"rebooting) and, if you installed X11, modify the video driver in <filename>/"
+"etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3274
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Failure to Boot or Install from CD-ROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some Sparc systems are notoriously difficult to boot from CD-ROM and even if "
+"they do boot, there may be inexplicable failures during the installation. "
+"Most problems have been reported with SunBlade systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3281
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "We recommend to install such systems by netbooting the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Interpreting the Kernel Startup Messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3292
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During the boot sequence, you may see many messages in the form "
+"<computeroutput>can't find <replaceable>something</replaceable></"
+"computeroutput>, or <computeroutput><replaceable>something</replaceable> not "
+"present</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>can't initialize "
+"<replaceable>something</replaceable></computeroutput>, or even "
+"<computeroutput>this driver release depends on <replaceable>something</"
+"replaceable></computeroutput>. Most of these messages are harmless. You see "
+"them because the kernel for the installation system is built to run on "
+"computers with many different peripheral devices. Obviously, no one computer "
+"will have every possible peripheral device, so the operating system may emit "
+"a few complaints while it looks for peripherals you don't own. You may also "
+"see the system pause for a while. This happens when it is waiting for a "
+"device to respond, and that device is not present on your system. If you "
+"find the time it takes to boot the system unacceptably long, you can create "
+"a custom kernel later <phrase arch=\"linux-any\">(see <xref linkend=\"kernel-"
+"baking\"/>)</phrase>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3317
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Reporting Installation Problems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3318
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you get through the initial boot phase but cannot complete the install, "
+"the menu option <guimenuitem>Save debug logs</guimenuitem> may be helpful. "
+"It lets you store system error logs and configuration information from the "
+"installer on a storage medium, or download them using a web browser. This "
+"information may provide clues as to what went wrong and how to fix it. If "
+"you are submitting a bug report, you may want to attach this information to "
+"the bug report."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3329
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Other pertinent installation messages may be found in <filename>/var/log/</"
+"filename> during the installation, and <filename>/var/log/installer/</"
+"filename> after the computer has been booted into the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-installer.xml:3340
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Submitting Installation Reports"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3341
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you still have problems, please submit an installation report. We also "
+"encourage installation reports to be sent even if the installation is "
+"successful, so that we can get as much information as possible on the "
+"largest number of hardware configurations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3348
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that your installation report will be published in the Debian Bug "
+"Tracking System (BTS) and forwarded to a public mailing list. Make sure that "
+"you use an e-mail address that you do not mind being made public."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3354
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a working &debian; system, the easiest way to send an "
+"installation report is to install the <classname>installation-report</"
+"classname> and <classname>reportbug</classname> packages (<command>apt "
+"install installation-report reportbug</command>), configure "
+"<classname>reportbug</classname> as explained in <xref linkend=\"mail-"
+"outgoing\"/>, and run the command <command>reportbug installation-reports</"
+"command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-installer.xml:3364
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively you can use this template when filling out installation "
+"reports, and file the report as a bug report against the "
+"<classname>installation-reports</classname> pseudo package, by sending it to "
+"<email>submit@bugs.debian.org</email>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"Package: installation-reports\n"
+"\n"
+"Boot method: &lt;How did you boot the installer? CD? USB stick? Network?"
+"&gt;\n"
+"Image version: &lt;Full URL to image you downloaded is best&gt;\n"
+"Date: &lt;Date and time of the install&gt;\n"
+"\n"
+"Machine: &lt;Description of machine (eg, IBM Thinkpad R32)&gt;\n"
+"Processor:\n"
+"Memory:\n"
+"Partitions: &lt;df -Tl will do; the raw partition table is preferred&gt;\n"
+"\n"
+"Output of lspci -knn (or lspci -nn):\n"
+"\n"
+"Base System Installation Checklist:\n"
+"[O] = OK, [E] = Error (please elaborate below), [ ] = didn't try it\n"
+"\n"
+"Initial boot: [ ]\n"
+"Detect network card: [ ]\n"
+"Configure network: [ ]\n"
+"Detect CD: [ ]\n"
+"Load installer modules: [ ]\n"
+"Detect hard drives: [ ]\n"
+"Partition hard drives: [ ]\n"
+"Install base system: [ ]\n"
+"Clock/timezone setup: [ ]\n"
+"User/password setup: [ ]\n"
+"Install tasks: [ ]\n"
+"Install boot loader: [ ]\n"
+"Overall install: [ ]\n"
+"\n"
+"Comments/Problems:\n"
+"\n"
+"&lt;Description of the install, in prose, and any thoughts, comments\n"
+" and ideas you had during the initial install.&gt;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> In the bug report, describe what the problem is, "
+"including the last visible kernel messages in the event of a kernel hang. "
+"Describe the steps that you did which brought the system into the problem "
+"state."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/boot-new.po b/po/uk/boot-new.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11e014ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/boot-new.po
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: boot-new_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting Into Your New &debian; System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:7
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The Moment of Truth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:8
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your system's first boot on its own power is what electrical engineers call "
+"the <quote>smoke test</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:13
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you did a default installation, the first thing you should see when you "
+"boot the system is the menu of the <classname>grub</classname><phrase arch="
+"\"x86\"> or possibly the <classname>lilo</classname> bootloader</phrase>. "
+"The first choices in the menu will be for your new &debian; system. If you "
+"had any other operating systems on your computer (like Windows) that were "
+"detected by the installation system, those will be listed lower down in the "
+"menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:23
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the system fails to start up correctly, don't panic. If the installation "
+"was successful, chances are good that there is only a relatively minor "
+"problem that is preventing the system from booting &debian;. In most cases "
+"such problems can be fixed without having to repeat the installation. One "
+"available option to fix boot problems is to use the installer's built-in "
+"rescue mode (see <xref linkend=\"rescue\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:32
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are new to &debian; and &arch-kernel;, you may need some help from "
+"more experienced users. <phrase arch=\"x86\">For direct on-line help you can "
+"try the IRC channels #debian or #debian-boot on the OFTC network. "
+"Alternatively you can contact the <ulink url=\"&url-list-subscribe;\">debian-"
+"user mailing list</ulink>.</phrase> <phrase arch=\"not-x86\">For less common "
+"architectures like &arch-title;, your best option is to ask on the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-list-subscribe;\">debian-&arch-listname; mailing list</ulink>.</"
+"phrase> You can also file an installation report as described in <xref "
+"linkend=\"submit-bug\"/>. Please make sure that you describe your problem "
+"clearly and include any messages that are displayed and may help others to "
+"diagnose the issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:48
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you had any other operating systems on your computer that were not "
+"detected or not detected correctly, please file an installation report."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:56
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "OldWorld PowerMacs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:57
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the machine fails to boot after completing the installation, and stops "
+"with a <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, try typing <userinput>Linux</"
+"userinput> followed by &enterkey;. (The default boot configuration in "
+"<filename>quik.conf</filename> is labeled Linux). The labels defined in "
+"<filename>quik.conf</filename> will be displayed if you press the "
+"<keycap>Tab</keycap> key at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. You can also "
+"try booting back into the installer, and editing the <filename>/target/etc/"
+"quik.conf</filename> placed there by the <guimenuitem>Install Quik on a Hard "
+"Disk</guimenuitem> step. Clues for dealing with <command>quik</command> are "
+"available at <ulink url=\"&url-powerpc-quik-faq;\"></ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:71
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To boot back into MacOS without resetting the nvram, type <userinput>bye</"
+"userinput> at the OpenFirmware prompt (assuming MacOS has not been removed "
+"from the machine). To obtain an OpenFirmware prompt, hold down the "
+"<keycombo> <keycap>command</keycap> <keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>o</"
+"keycap> <keycap>f</keycap> </keycombo> keys while cold booting the machine. "
+"If you need to reset the OpenFirmware nvram changes to the MacOS default in "
+"order to boot back to MacOS, hold down the <keycombo> <keycap>command</"
+"keycap> <keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>p</keycap> <keycap>r</keycap> </"
+"keycombo> keys while cold booting the machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:84
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you use <command>BootX</command> to boot into the installed system, just "
+"select your desired kernel in the <filename>Linux Kernels</filename> folder, "
+"un-choose the ramdisk option, and add a root device corresponding to your "
+"installation; e.g. <userinput>/dev/sda8</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:96
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NewWorld PowerMacs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:97
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On G4 machines and iBooks, you can hold down the <keycap>option</keycap> key "
+"and get a graphical screen with a button for each bootable OS, &debian-gnu; "
+"will be a button with a small penguin icon."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you kept MacOS and at some point it changes the OpenFirmware <envar>boot-"
+"device</envar> variable you should reset OpenFirmware to its default "
+"configuration. To do this hold down the <keycombo> <keycap>command</keycap> "
+"<keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>p</keycap> <keycap>r</keycap> </keycombo> "
+"keys while cold booting the machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:112
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The labels defined in <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> will be displayed if "
+"you press the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:118
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Resetting OpenFirmware on G3 or G4 hardware will cause it to boot &debian-"
+"gnu; by default (if you correctly partitioned and placed the Apple_Bootstrap "
+"partition first). If you have &debian-gnu; on a SCSI disk and MacOS on an "
+"IDE disk this may not work and you will have to enter OpenFirmware and set "
+"the <envar>boot-device</envar> variable, <command>ybin</command> normally "
+"does this automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:127
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you boot &debian-gnu; for the first time you can add any additional "
+"options you desire (such as dual boot options) to <filename>/etc/yaboot."
+"conf</filename> and run <command>ybin</command> to update your boot "
+"partition with the changed configuration. Please read the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"powerpc-yaboot-faq;\">yaboot HOWTO</ulink> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mounting encrypted volumes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:147
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you created encrypted volumes during the installation and assigned them "
+"mount points, you will be asked to enter the passphrase for each of these "
+"volumes during the boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For partitions encrypted using dm-crypt you will be shown the following "
+"prompt during the boot: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"Starting early crypto disks... <replaceable>part</"
+"replaceable>_crypt(starting)\n"
+"Enter LUKS passphrase:\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> In the first line of the prompt, "
+"<replaceable>part</replaceable> is the name of the underlying partition, e."
+"g. sda2 or md0. You are now probably wondering <emphasis>for which volume</"
+"emphasis> you are actually entering the passphrase. Does it relate to your "
+"<filename>/home</filename>? Or to <filename>/var</filename>? Of course, if "
+"you have just one encrypted volume, this is easy and you can just enter the "
+"passphrase you used when setting up this volume. If you set up more than one "
+"encrypted volume during the installation, the notes you wrote down as the "
+"last step in <xref linkend=\"partman-crypto\"/> come in handy. If you did "
+"not make a note of the mapping between <filename><replaceable>part</"
+"replaceable>_crypt</filename> and the mount points before, you can still "
+"find it in <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> and <filename>/etc/fstab</"
+"filename> of your new system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:178
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The prompt may look somewhat different when an encrypted root file system is "
+"mounted. This depends on which initramfs generator was used to generate the "
+"initrd used to boot the system. The example below is for an initrd generated "
+"using <classname>initramfs-tools</classname>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-new.xml:185
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Begin: Mounting <emphasis>root file system</emphasis>... ...\n"
+"Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ...\n"
+"Enter LUKS passphrase:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"No characters (even asterisks) will be shown while entering the passphrase. "
+"If you enter the wrong passphrase, you have two more tries to correct it. "
+"After the third try the boot process will skip this volume and continue to "
+"mount the next filesystem. Please see <xref linkend=\"crypto-troubleshooting"
+"\"/> for further information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:195
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "After entering all passphrases the boot should continue as usual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:202
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Troubleshooting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If some of the encrypted volumes could not be mounted because a wrong "
+"passphrase was entered, you will have to mount them manually after the boot. "
+"There are several cases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:213
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The first case concerns the root partition. When it is not mounted "
+"correctly, the boot process will halt and you will have to reboot the "
+"computer to try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:220
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The easiest case is for encrypted volumes holding data like <filename>/home</"
+"filename> or <filename>/srv</filename>. You can simply mount them manually "
+"after the boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:226
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"However for dm-crypt this is a bit tricky. First you need to register the "
+"volumes with <application>device mapper</application> by running: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>/etc/init.d/cryptdisks start</userinput>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> This will scan all volumes mentioned in "
+"<filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> and will create appropriate devices under "
+"the <filename>/dev</filename> directory after entering the correct "
+"passphrases. (Already registered volumes will be skipped, so you can repeat "
+"this command several times without worrying.) After successful registration "
+"you can simply mount the volumes the usual way:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: boot-new.xml:241
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount <replaceable>/mount_point</replaceable></"
+"userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If any volume holding noncritical system files could not be mounted "
+"(<filename>/usr</filename> or <filename>/var</filename>), the system should "
+"still boot and you should be able to mount the volumes manually like in the "
+"previous case. However, you will also need to (re)start any services usually "
+"running in your default runlevel because it is very likely that they were "
+"not started. The easiest way is to just reboot the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: boot-new.xml:262
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Log In"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once your system boots, you'll be presented with the login prompt. Log in "
+"using the personal login and password you selected during the installation "
+"process. Your system is now ready for use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:270
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are a new user, you may want to explore the documentation which is "
+"already installed on your system as you start to use it. There are currently "
+"several documentation systems, work is proceeding on integrating the "
+"different types of documentation. Here are a few starting points."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:278
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Documentation accompanying programs you have installed can be found in "
+"<filename>/usr/share/doc/</filename>, under a subdirectory named after the "
+"program (or, more precise, the &debian; package that contains the program). "
+"However, more extensive documentation is often packaged separately in "
+"special documentation packages that are mostly not installed by default. For "
+"example, documentation about the package management tool <command>apt</"
+"command> can be found in the packages <classname>apt-doc</classname> or "
+"<classname>apt-howto</classname>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:289
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In addition, there are some special folders within the <filename>/usr/share/"
+"doc/</filename> hierarchy. Linux HOWTOs are installed in <emphasis>.gz</"
+"emphasis> (compressed) format, in <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/</"
+"filename>. After installing <classname>dhelp</classname>, you will find a "
+"browsable index of documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc/HTML/index."
+"html</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:298
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One easy way to view these documents using a text based browser is to enter "
+"the following commands: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ cd /usr/share/doc/\n"
+"$ w3m .\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The dot after the <command>w3m</command> command "
+"tells it to show the contents of the current directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:308
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a graphical desktop environment installed, you can also use its "
+"web browser. Start the web browser from the application menu and enter "
+"<userinput>/usr/share/doc/</userinput> in the address bar."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: boot-new.xml:314
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also type <userinput>info <replaceable>command</replaceable></"
+"userinput> or <userinput>man <replaceable>command</replaceable></userinput> "
+"to see documentation on most commands available at the command prompt. "
+"Typing <userinput>help</userinput> will display help on shell commands. And "
+"typing a command followed by <userinput>--help</userinput> will usually "
+"display a short summary of the command's usage. If a command's results "
+"scroll past the top of the screen, type <userinput>|&nbsp;more</userinput> "
+"after the command to cause the results to pause before scrolling past the "
+"top of the screen. To see a list of all commands available which begin with "
+"a certain letter, type the letter and then two tabs."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/gpl.po b/po/uk/gpl.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a3d8396b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/gpl.po
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gpl_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: gpl.xml:4
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:6
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"[[This note, consisting of two paragraphs, should only be included in your "
+"translation if you translate the GPL in this appendix. See build/lang-"
+"options/README on how to enable this paragraph and for additional "
+"information. Its condition is \"gpl-unofficial\".]] [[LEAVE THIS PARAGRAPH "
+"IN ENGLISH! Only replace {language} with the English name of your language. "
+"Do not change the link to the GPL!]] This is an unofficial translation of "
+"the GNU General Public License into {language}. It was not published by the "
+"Free Software Foundation, and does not legally state the distribution terms "
+"for software that uses the GNU GPL &mdash; only the original <ulink url="
+"\"&url-gnu-copyleft;\">English text</ulink> of the GNU GPL does that. "
+"However, we hope that this translation will help {language} speakers to "
+"better understand the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:22
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"[[See build/lang-options/README on how to enable this paragraph and for "
+"additional information. Its condition is \"gpl-unofficial\".]] [[THIS "
+"PARAGRAPH SHOULD BE TRANSLATED. Replace {language} with the English name of "
+"your language before translating. Do not change the link to the GPL!]] This "
+"is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License into "
+"{language}. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, and does "
+"not legally state the distribution terms for software that uses the GNU GPL "
+"&mdash; only the original <ulink url=\"&url-gnu-copyleft;\">English text</"
+"ulink> of the GNU GPL does that. However, we hope that this translation will "
+"help {language} speakers to better understand the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:37
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Version 2, June 1991"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: gpl.xml:41
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
+"51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.\n"
+"\n"
+"Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\n"
+"of this license document, but changing it is not allowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: gpl.xml:45
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preamble"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:46
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to "
+"share and change it. By contrast, the gnu General Public License is intended "
+"to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software &mdash; to make "
+"sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License "
+"applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other "
+"program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software "
+"Foundation software is covered by the gnu Library General Public License "
+"instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:58
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our "
+"General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom "
+"to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you "
+"wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you "
+"can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that "
+"you know you can do these things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to "
+"deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These "
+"restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute "
+"copies of the software, or if you modify it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:75
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or "
+"for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You "
+"must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you "
+"must show them these terms so they know their rights."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:83
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) "
+"offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute "
+"and/or modify the software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:89
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that "
+"everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If "
+"the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its "
+"recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any "
+"problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' "
+"reputations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We "
+"wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will "
+"individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program "
+"proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be "
+"licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification "
+"follow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: gpl.xml:115
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: gpl.xml:118
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:121
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">0.</emphasis> This License applies to any program or "
+"other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it "
+"may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "
+"<quote>Program</quote>, below, refers to any such program or work, and a "
+"<quote>work based on the Program</quote> means either the Program or any "
+"derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the "
+"Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or "
+"translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included "
+"without limitation in the term <quote>modification</quote>.) Each licensee "
+"is addressed as <quote>you</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered "
+"by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program "
+"is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its "
+"contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been "
+"made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the "
+"Program does."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:143
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">1.</emphasis> You may copy and distribute verbatim "
+"copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, "
+"provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an "
+"appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the "
+"notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and "
+"give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with "
+"the Program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:154
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you "
+"may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:160
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">2.</emphasis> You may modify your copy or copies of "
+"the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, "
+"and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of "
+"Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:169
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that "
+"you changed the files and the date of any change."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:175
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in "
+"part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be "
+"licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of "
+"this License."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:183
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you "
+"must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most "
+"ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate "
+"copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying "
+"that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program "
+"under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this "
+"License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not "
+"normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not "
+"required to print an announcement.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:197
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable "
+"sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be "
+"reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then "
+"this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you "
+"distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections "
+"as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of "
+"the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other "
+"licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part "
+"regardless of who wrote it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:210
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your "
+"rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise "
+"the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works "
+"based on the Program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:217
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with "
+"the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage "
+"or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this "
+"License."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:224
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">3.</emphasis> You may copy and distribute the "
+"Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or "
+"executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you "
+"also do one of the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:233
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, "
+"which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a "
+"medium customarily used for software interchange; or,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:241
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give "
+"any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically "
+"performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the "
+"corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 "
+"and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:251
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute "
+"corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for "
+"noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object "
+"code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b "
+"above.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:260
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making "
+"modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all "
+"the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface "
+"definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and "
+"installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source "
+"code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in "
+"either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, "
+"and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that "
+"component itself accompanies the executable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to "
+"copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the "
+"source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, "
+"even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with "
+"the object code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:281
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">4.</emphasis> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, "
+"or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. "
+"Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program "
+"is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. "
+"However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this "
+"License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties "
+"remain in full compliance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:292
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">5.</emphasis> You are not required to accept this "
+"License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you "
+"permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. "
+"These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. "
+"Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on "
+"the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all "
+"its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program "
+"or works based on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:304
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">6.</emphasis> Each time you redistribute the Program "
+"(or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a "
+"license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program "
+"subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further "
+"restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You "
+"are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this "
+"License."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:315
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">7.</emphasis> If, as a consequence of a court "
+"judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not "
+"limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court "
+"order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this "
+"License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you "
+"cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under "
+"this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you "
+"may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license "
+"would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who "
+"receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you "
+"could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from "
+"distribution of the Program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:332
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any "
+"particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and "
+"the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents "
+"or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; "
+"this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free "
+"software distribution system, which is implemented by public license "
+"practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of "
+"software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent "
+"application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or "
+"she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a "
+"licensee cannot impose that choice."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:352
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a "
+"consequence of the rest of this License."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:357
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">8.</emphasis> If the distribution and/or use of the "
+"Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by "
+"copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program "
+"under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation "
+"excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or "
+"among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates "
+"the limitation as if written in the body of this License."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">9.</emphasis> The Free Software Foundation may "
+"publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time "
+"to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, "
+"but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version "
+"is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version "
+"number of this License which applies to it and <quote>any later version</"
+"quote>, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of "
+"that version or of any later version published by the Free Software "
+"Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this "
+"License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software "
+"Foundation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:383
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">10.</emphasis> If you wish to incorporate parts of "
+"the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are "
+"different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is "
+"copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software "
+"Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be "
+"guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of "
+"our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software "
+"generally."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: gpl.xml:397
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NO WARRANTY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:399
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">11.</emphasis> BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE "
+"OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY "
+"APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT "
+"HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM <quote>AS IS</quote> "
+"WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT "
+"NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A "
+"PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE "
+"PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST "
+"OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:412
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">12.</emphasis> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY "
+"APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL AND COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY "
+"OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED "
+"ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, "
+"INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO "
+"USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING "
+"RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE "
+"OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR "
+"OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: gpl.xml:428
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: gpl.xml:433
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:434
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible "
+"use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software "
+"which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:441
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to "
+"attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the "
+"exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "
+"<quote>copyright</quote> line and a pointer to where the full notice is "
+"found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: gpl.xml:448
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<replaceable>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it "
+"does.</replaceable>\n"
+"Copyright (C) <replaceable>year name of author</replaceable>\n"
+"\n"
+"This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n"
+"modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License\n"
+"as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2\n"
+"of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n"
+"\n"
+"This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
+"but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
+"MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the\n"
+"GNU General Public License for more details.\n"
+"\n"
+"You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n"
+"along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n"
+"Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, "
+"USA."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:455
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when "
+"it starts in an interactive mode:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: gpl.xml:460
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <replaceable>year name of author</"
+"replaceable>\n"
+"Gnomovision comes with absolutely no warranty; for details\n"
+"type <userinput>show w</userinput>. This is free software, and you are "
+"welcome\n"
+"to redistribute it under certain conditions; type <userinput>show c</"
+"userinput>\n"
+"for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:462
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The hypothetical commands <quote>show w</quote> and <quote>show c</quote> "
+"should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, "
+"the commands you use may be called something other than <quote>show w</"
+"quote> and <quote>show c</quote>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu "
+"items &mdash; whatever suits your program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:470
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your "
+"school, if any, to sign a <quote>copyright disclaimer</quote> for the "
+"program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: gpl.xml:476
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\n"
+"program <userinput>Gnomovision</userinput> (which makes passes at compilers) "
+"written\n"
+"by James Hacker.\n"
+"\n"
+"<replaceable>signature of Ty Coon</replaceable>, 1 April 1989\n"
+"Ty Coon, President of Vice"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: gpl.xml:478
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into "
+"proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may "
+"consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the "
+"library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public "
+"License instead of this License."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/hardware.po b/po/uk/hardware.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96e3a1005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/hardware.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2870 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: hardware_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "System Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:7
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section contains information about what hardware you need to get "
+"started with &debian;. You will also find links to further information about "
+"hardware supported by GNU and &arch-kernel;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:20
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Supported Hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:21
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; does not impose hardware requirements beyond the requirements of "
+"the Linux or kFreeBSD kernel and the GNU tool-sets. Therefore, any "
+"architecture or platform to which the Linux or kFreeBSD kernel, libc, "
+"<command>gcc</command>, etc. have been ported, and for which a &debian; port "
+"exists, can run &debian;. Please refer to the Ports pages at <ulink url="
+"\"&url-ports;\"></ulink> for more details on &arch-title; architecture "
+"systems which have been tested with &debian-gnu;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:32
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Rather than attempting to describe all the different hardware configurations "
+"which are supported for &arch-title;, this section contains general "
+"information and pointers to where additional information can be found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:41
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Supported Architectures"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:42
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; GNU/Linux &release; supports ten major architectures and several "
+"variations of each architecture known as <quote>flavors</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:53
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Architecture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:53
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian; Designation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:54
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Subarchitecture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:54
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Flavor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:60
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "AMD64 &amp; Intel 64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:61
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "amd64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:67
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Intel x86-based"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "i386"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:69
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "default x86 machines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:70
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:72
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Xen PV domains only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:73
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>xen</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:77
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>ARM</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:78
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "armel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:79
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Marvell Kirkwood and Orion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:80
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "marvell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:84
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ARM with hardware FPU"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:85
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "armhf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:86
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "multiplatform"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:87
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "armmp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:91
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "64bit ARM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:92
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "arm64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "32bit MIPS (big-endian)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:99
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mips"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:100 hardware.xml:110 hardware.xml:123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>MIPS Malta</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:101 hardware.xml:124
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "4kc-malta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:103 hardware.xml:113 hardware.xml:126
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>Cavium Octeon</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:104 hardware.xml:114 hardware.xml:127
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "octeon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:108
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "64bit MIPS (little-endian)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mips64el"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:111
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "5kc-malta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:116 hardware.xml:129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>Loongson 3</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:117 hardware.xml:130
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "loongson-3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:121
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "32bit MIPS (little-endian)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mipsel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:148
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Systems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:149
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ppc64el"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:150
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IBM POWER8 or newer machines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:175
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "64bit IBM S/390"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:176
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "s390x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:177
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IPL from VM-reader and DASD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:178
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "generic"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:185
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document covers installation for the <emphasis>&arch-title;</emphasis> "
+"architecture using the <emphasis>&arch-kernel;</emphasis> kernel. If you are "
+"looking for information on any of the other &debian;-supported architectures "
+"take a look at the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/\">&debian;-"
+"Ports</ulink> pages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:195
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the first official release of &debian-gnu; for the &arch-title; "
+"architecture. We feel that it has proven itself sufficiently to be released. "
+"However, because it has not had the exposure (and hence testing by users) "
+"that some other architectures have had, you may encounter a few bugs. Use "
+"our <ulink url=\"&url-bts;\">Bug Tracking System</ulink> to report any "
+"problems; make sure to mention the fact that the bug is on the &arch-title; "
+"platform using the <emphasis>&arch-kernel;</emphasis> kernel. It can be "
+"necessary to use the <ulink url=\"&url-list-subscribe;\">debian-&arch-"
+"listname; mailing list</ulink> as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:217
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CPU Support"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:218
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Both AMD64 and Intel 64 processors are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:242
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Three different ARM ports"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The ARM architecture has evolved over time and modern ARM processors provide "
+"features which are not available in older models. &debian; therefore "
+"provides three ARM ports to give the best support for a very wide range of "
+"different machines:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:250
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian;/armel targets older 32-bit ARM processors without support for a "
+"hardware floating point unit (FPU),"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:254
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian;/armhf works only on newer 32-bit ARM processors which implement at "
+"least the ARMv7 architecture with version 3 of the ARM vector floating point "
+"specification (VFPv3). It makes use of the extended features and performance "
+"enhancements available on these models."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:261
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian;/arm64 works on 64-bit ARM processors which implement at least the "
+"ARMv8 architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:268
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Technically, all currently available ARM CPUs can be run in either endian "
+"mode (big or little), but in practice the vast majority use little-endian "
+"mode. All of &debian;/arm64, &debian;/armhf and &debian;/armel support only "
+"little-endian systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:277
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Variations in ARM CPU designs and support complexity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:279
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"ARM systems are much more heterogeneous than those based on the i386/amd64-"
+"based PC architecture, so the support situation can be much more complicated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The ARM architecture is used mainly in so-called <quote>system-on-chip</"
+"quote> (SoC) designs. These SoCs are designed by many different companies "
+"with vastly varying hardware components even for the very basic "
+"functionality required to bring the system up. System firmware interfaces "
+"have been increasingly standardised over time, but especially on older "
+"hardware firmware/boot interfaces vary a great deal, so on these systems the "
+"Linux kernel has to take care of many system-specific low-level issues which "
+"would be handled by the mainboard's BIOS in the PC world."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:297
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At the beginning of the ARM support in the Linux kernel, the hardware "
+"variety resulted in the requirement of having a separate kernel for each ARM "
+"system in contrast to the <quote>one-fits-all</quote> kernel for PC systems. "
+"As this approach does not scale to a large number of different systems, work "
+"was done to allow booting with a single ARM kernel that can run on different "
+"ARM systems. Support for newer ARM systems is now implemented in a way that "
+"allows the use of such a multiplatform kernel, but for several older systems "
+"a separate specific kernel is still required. Because of this, the standard "
+"&debian; distribution only supports installation on a selected number of "
+"such older ARM systems, alongside the newer systems which are supported by "
+"the ARM multiplatform kernels (called <quote>armmp</quote>) in &debian;/"
+"armhf."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The ARM architecture is used mainly in so-called <quote>system-on-chip</"
+"quote> (SoC) designs. These SoCs are designed by many different companies, "
+"often with vastly varying hardware components even for the very basic "
+"functionality required to bring the system up. Older versions of the ARM "
+"architecture have seen massive differences from one SoC to the next, but "
+"ARMv8 (arm64) is much more standardised and so is easier for the Linux "
+"kernel and other software to support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:324
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Server versions of ARMv8 hardware are typically configured using the Unified "
+"Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and Advanced Configuration and Power "
+"Interface (ACPI) standards. These two provide common, device-independent "
+"ways to boot and configure computer hardware. They are also common in the "
+"x86 PC world."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:334
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms supported by Debian/arm64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:336
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Arm64/AArch64/ARMv8 hardware became available quite late in the &debian; "
+"&releasename-cap; release cycle so not many platforms had support merged in "
+"the mainline kernel version by the time of this release; this is the main "
+"requirement to have &d-i; working on them. The following platforms are known "
+"to be supported by &debian;/arm64 in this release. There is only one kernel "
+"image, which supports all the listed platforms."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:348
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Applied Micro (APM) Mustang/X-Gene"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The APM Mustang was the first Linux-capable ARMv8 system available. It uses "
+"the X-gene SoC, which has since also been used in other machines. It is an 8-"
+"core CPU, with ethernet, USB and serial. A common form-factor looks just "
+"like a desktop PC box, but many other versions are expected in the future. "
+"Most of the hardware is supported in the mainline kernel, but at this point "
+"USB support is lacking in the &releasename-cap; kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:364
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ARM Juno Development Platform"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:366
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Juno is a capable development board with a 6-core (2xA57, 4xA53) ARMv8-A "
+"800Mhz CPU, Mali (T624) graphics, 8GB DDR3 RAM, Ethernet, USB, Serial. It "
+"was designed for system bring-up and power testing so is neither small nor "
+"cheap, but was one of the first boards available. All the on-board hardware "
+"is supported in the mainline kernel and in &releasename-cap;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When using &d-i; on non-UEFI systems, you may have to manually make the "
+"system bootable at the end of the installation, e.g. by running the required "
+"commands in a shell started from within &d-i;. flash-kernel knows how to set "
+"up an X-Gene system booting with U-Boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:388
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Other platforms"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:389
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The multiplatform support in the arm64 Linux kernel may also allow running "
+"&d-i; on arm64 systems not explicitly listed above. So long as the kernel "
+"used by &d-i; has support for the target system's components, and a device-"
+"tree file for that target is available, a new target system may work just "
+"fine. In these cases, the installer can usually provide a working "
+"installation, and so long as UEFI is in use, it should be able to make the "
+"system bootable as well. If UEFI is not used you may also need to perform "
+"some manual configuration steps to make the system bootable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:405
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms supported by Debian/armhf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:407
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following systems are known to work with &debian;/armhf using the "
+"multiplatform (armmp) kernel:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:414
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Freescale MX53 Quick Start Board (MX53 LOCO Board)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:416
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The IMX53QSB is a development board based on the i.MX53 SoC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:423
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Versatile Express"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:425
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Versatile Express is a development board series from ARM consisting of a "
+"baseboard which can be equipped with various CPU daughter boards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:434
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Certain Allwinner sunXi-based development boards and embedded systems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:437
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The armmp kernel supports several development boards and embedded systems "
+"based on the Allwinner A10 (architecture codename <quote>sun4i</quote>), "
+"A10s/A13 (architecture codename <quote>sun5i</quote>), A20 (architecture "
+"codename <quote>sun7i</quote>), A31/A31s (architecture codename "
+"<quote>sun6i</quote>) and A23/A33 (part of the <quote>sun8i</quote> family) "
+"SoCs. Full installer support (including provision of ready-made SD card "
+"images with the installer) is currently available for the following sunXi-"
+"based systems:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:451
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Cubietech Cubieboard 1 + 2 / Cubietruck"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:454
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "LeMaker Banana Pi and Banana Pro"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:457
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "LinkSprite pcDuino and pcDuino3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:460
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Olimex A10-Olinuxino-LIME / A20-Olinuxino-LIME / A20-Olinuxino-LIME2 / A20-"
+"Olinuxino Micro / A20-SOM-EVB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:464
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Xunlong OrangePi Plus"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:470
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"System support for Allwinner sunXi-based devices is limited to drivers and "
+"device-tree information available in the mainline Linux kernel. Vendor-"
+"specific kernel trees (such as the Allwinner SDK kernels) and the android-"
+"derived linux-sunxi.org kernel 3.4 series are not supported by &debian;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:478
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The mainline Linux kernel generally supports serial console, ethernet, SATA, "
+"USB and MMC/SD-cards on Allwinner A10, A10s/A13, A20, A23/A33 and A31/A31s "
+"SoCs. The level of support for local display (HDMI/VGA/LCD) and audio "
+"hardware varies between individual systems. For most systems, the kernel "
+"doesn't have native graphics drivers but instead uses the <quote>simplefb</"
+"quote> infrastructure in which the bootloader initializes the display and "
+"the kernel just re-uses the pre-initialized framebuffer. This generally "
+"works reasonably well, although it results in certain limitations (the "
+"display resolution cannot be changed on the fly and display powermanagement "
+"is not possible)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:493
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Onboard flash memory intended to be used as a mass storage device generally "
+"exists in two basic variants on sunXi-based systems: raw NAND flash and eMMC "
+"flash. Most older sunXi-based boards with onboard flash storage use raw NAND "
+"flash for which support is not generally available in the mainline kernel "
+"and therefore also not in Debian. A number of newer systems use eMMC flash "
+"instead of raw NAND flash. An eMMC flash chip basically appears as a fast, "
+"non-removable SD card and is supported in the same way as a regular SD card."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:506
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer includes basic support for a number of sunXi-based systems not "
+"listed above, but it is largely untested on those systems as the &debian; "
+"project doesn't have access to the corresponding hardware. No pre-built SD "
+"card images with the installer are provided for those systems. Development "
+"boards with such limited support include:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:515
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Olimex A10s-Olinuxino Micro / A13-Olinuxino / A13-Olinuxino Micro"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:519
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sinovoip BPI-M2 (A31s-based)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:522
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Xunlong Orange Pi (A20-based) / Orange Pi Mini (A20-based)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:527
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In addition to the SoCs and systems listed above, the installer has very "
+"limited support for the Allwinner H3 SoC and a number of boards based on it. "
+"Mainline kernel support for the H3 is still largely work in progress at the "
+"time of the Debian 9 release freeze, so the installer only supports serial "
+"console, MMC/SD and the USB host controller on H3-based systems. There is no "
+"driver for the on-board ethernet port of the H3 yet, so networking is only "
+"possible with a USB ethernet adaptor or a USB wifi dongle. Systems based on "
+"the H3 for which such very basic installer support is available include:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:540
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "FriendlyARM NanoPi NEO"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:543
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Xunlong Orange Pi Lite / Orange Pi One / Orange Pi PC / Orange Pi PC Plus / "
+"Orange Pi Plus / Orange Pi Plus 2E / Orange Pi 2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:554
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NVIDIA Jetson TK1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:556
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The NVIDIA Jetson TK1 is a developer board based on the Tegra K1 chip (also "
+"known as Tegra 124). The Tegra K1 features a quad-core 32-bit ARM Cortex-A15 "
+"CPU and Kepler GPU (GK20A) with 192 CUDA cores. Other systems based on the "
+"Tegra 124 may work, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:567
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Seagate Personal Cloud and Seagate NAS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:569
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Seagate Personal Cloud and Seagate NAS are NAS devices based on "
+"Marvell's Armada 370 platform. Debian supports the Personal Cloud (SRN21C), "
+"Personal Cloud 2-Bay (SRN22C), Seagate NAS 2-Bay (SRPD20) and Seagate NAS 4-"
+"Bay (SRPD40)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:579
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SolidRun Cubox-i2eX / Cubox-i4Pro"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:581
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Cubox-i series is a set of small, cubical-shaped systems based on the "
+"Freescale i.MX6 SoC family. System support for the Cubox-i series is limited "
+"to drivers and device-tree information available in the mainline Linux "
+"kernel; the Freescale 3.0 kernel series for the Cubox-i is not supported by "
+"&debian;. Available drivers in the mainline kernel include serial console, "
+"ethernet, USB, MMC/SD-card and display support over HDMI (console and X11). "
+"In addition to that, the eSATA port on the Cubox-i4Pro is supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:596
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Wandboard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:598
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Wandboard Quad, Dual and Solo are development boards based on the "
+"Freescale i.MX6 Quad SoC. System support is limited to drivers and device-"
+"tree information available in the mainline Linux kernel; the wandboard-"
+"specific 3.0 and 3.10 kernel series from wandboard.org are not supported by "
+"&debian;. The mainline kernel includes driver support for serial console, "
+"display via HDMI (console and X11), ethernet, USB, MMC/SD, SATA (Quad only) "
+"and analog audio. Support for the other audio options (S/PDIF, HDMI-Audio) "
+"and for the onboard WLAN/Bluetooth module is untested or not available in "
+"&debian; 9."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:616
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Generally, the ARM multiplatform support in the Linux kernel allows running "
+"&d-i; on armhf systems not explicitly listed above, as long as the kernel "
+"used by &d-i; has support for the target system's components and a device-"
+"tree file for the target is available. In these cases, the installer can "
+"usually provide a working installation, but it may not be able to "
+"automatically make the system bootable. Doing that in many cases requires "
+"device-specific information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:628
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When using &d-i; on such systems, you may have to manually make the system "
+"bootable at the end of the installation, e.g. by running the required "
+"commands in a shell started from within &d-i;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:637
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms no longer supported by Debian/armhf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:641
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "EfikaMX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:642
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EfikaMX platform (Genesi Efika Smartbook and Genesi EfikaMX nettop) was "
+"supported in &debian; 7 with a platform-specific kernel, but is no longer "
+"supported from &debian; 8 onwards. The code required to build the formerly "
+"used platform-specific kernel has been removed from the upstream Linux "
+"kernel source in 2012, so &debian; cannot provide newer builds. Using the "
+"armmp multiplatform kernel on the EfikaMX platform would require device-tree "
+"support for it, which is currently not available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:660
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms supported by Debian/armel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:662
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following platforms are supported by &debian;/armel; they require "
+"platform-specific kernels."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:670
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Kirkwood"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:671
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Kirkwood is a system-on-chip (SoC) from Marvell that integrates an ARM CPU, "
+"Ethernet, SATA, USB, and other functionality in one chip. &debian; currently "
+"supports the following Kirkwood based devices:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: hardware.xml:679
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Plug computers (SheevaPlug, GuruPlug, DreamPlug and Seagate FreeAgent "
+"DockStar)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:682
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"&url-arm-cyrius-qnap-kirkwood;\">QNAP Turbo Station</ulink> "
+"(all TS-11x/TS-12x, HS-210, TS-21x/TS-22x and TS-41x/TS-42x models)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:686
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"LaCie NASes (Network Space v2, Network Space Max v2, Internet Space v2, d2 "
+"Network v2, 2Big Network v2 and 5Big Network v2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:690
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "OpenRD (OpenRD-Base, OpenRD-Client and OpenRD-Ultimate)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:699 hardware.xml:743
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Orion5x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:700
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Orion is a system-on-chip (SoC) from Marvell that integrates an ARM CPU, "
+"Ethernet, SATA, USB, and other functionality in one chip. There are many "
+"Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices on the market that are based on an "
+"Orion chip. &debian; currently supports the following Orion based devices: "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-arm-cyrius-kuroboxpro;\">Buffalo Kurobox</ulink> and "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-arm-cyrius-mv2120;\">HP mv2120</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:714
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Versatile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:715
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Versatile platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to "
+"test and run &debian; on ARM if you don't have real hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:728
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms and devices no longer supported by Debian/armel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:732
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IXP4xx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:733
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for the Intel IXP4xx platform has been dropped in &debian; 9. The "
+"Linksys NSLU2 device is based on IXP4xx and is therefore no longer supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:744
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for the D-Link DNS-323 and Conceptronic CH3SNAS devices has been "
+"dropped from the Orion5x platform in &debian; 9. The Linux kernel no longer "
+"fits into the flash on these devices. Other Orion devices, such as Buffalo "
+"Kurobox and HP mv2120, are still supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:763 hardware.xml:931 hardware.xml:1374
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CPU, Main Boards, and Video Support"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:764
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Complete information concerning supported peripherals can be found at <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-hardware-howto;\">Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO</ulink>. "
+"This section merely outlines the basics."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:772 hardware.xml:875
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<title>CPU</title>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:773
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all x86-based (IA-32) processors still in use in personal computers "
+"are supported. This also includes 32-bit AMD and VIA (former Cyrix) "
+"processors, and processors like the Athlon XP and Intel P4 Xeon."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:780
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"However, &debian; GNU/Linux &releasename; will <emphasis>not</emphasis> run "
+"on 586 (Pentium) or earlier processors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:786
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your system has a 64-bit processor from the AMD64 or Intel 64 families, "
+"you will probably want to use the installer for the amd64 architecture "
+"instead of the installer for the (32-bit) i386 architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:795
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "I/O Bus"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:796
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The system bus is the part of the motherboard which allows the CPU to "
+"communicate with peripherals such as storage devices. Your computer must use "
+"the PCI, PCIe, or PCI-X bus. Essentially all personal computers sold in "
+"recent years use one of these."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:813
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms supported by the &debian; &architecture; port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:815
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian; on &arch-title; supports the following platforms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:821
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<term>Cavium Octeon</term>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:823
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cavium designs a range of 64-bit MIPS Octeon processors which are mainly "
+"used in networking devices. Devices with these processors include the "
+"Ubiquiti EdgeRouter and the Rhino Labs UTM8."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:832
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<term>Loongson 3</term>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:834
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Devices based on the Loongson 3A and 3B processors are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:842
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<term>MIPS Malta</term>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:844
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to test and "
+"run &debian; on MIPS if you don't have the hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:848
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are two Malta kernel flavours: 4kc-malta is built for 32-bit "
+"processors, and 5kc-malta is built for 64-bit processors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:856
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In addition, other boards which contain <phrase arch=\"mips;mipsel"
+"\">MIPS32r2 or</phrase> MIPS64r2 based processors should also be able to run "
+"&debian;, however kernels for these processors are not built and the "
+"&debian; installer does not directly support them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:864
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Complete information regarding supported mips/mipsel/mips64el machines can "
+"be found at the <ulink url=\"&url-linux-mips;\">Linux-MIPS homepage</ulink>. "
+"In the following, only the systems supported by the &debian; installer will "
+"be covered. If you are looking for support for other subarchitectures, "
+"please contact the <ulink url=\"&url-list-subscribe;\"> debian-&arch-"
+"listname; mailing list</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:876
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some MIPS machines can be operated in both big and little endian mode. "
+"<phrase arch=\"mips64el;mipsel\"> For little endian MIPS, please read the "
+"documentation for the mipsel and mips64el architectures. </phrase> <phrase "
+"arch=\"mips\"> For big endian MIPS, please read the documentation for the "
+"mips architecture. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:891
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Platforms no longer supported by the &debian; &architecture; port"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:892
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Since &debian; Stretch, support for all MIPS processors which do not "
+"implement MIPS32 Release 2 have been dropped. Therefore the following "
+"platforms supported in Jessie are no longer supported:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Loongson 2E and 2F"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: listitem
+#: hardware.xml:900
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These are the older Loongson processors. Devices based on them include the "
+"Fuloong Mini-PC and the Lemote Yeeloong laptop."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:906
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SGI IP22"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: listitem
+#: hardware.xml:907
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This platform includes the SGI machines Indy, Indigo 2 and Challenge S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:912
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SGI IP32"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: listitem
+#: hardware.xml:913
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This platform is generally known as SGI O2."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:916
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Broadcom BCM91250"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: listitem
+#: hardware.xml:917
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Development board for Broadcom's SiByte core. Also known by its codename "
+"SWARM."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:932
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For &debian-gnu; &release; only the PMac (Power-Macintosh or PowerMac) and "
+"PreP subarchitectures are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:953
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Kernel Flavours"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:955
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are two flavours of the powerpc kernel in &debian;, based on the CPU "
+"type:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:962
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "powerpc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:963
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This kernel flavour supports the PowerPC 601, 603, 604, 740, 750, and 7400 "
+"processors. All Apple PowerMac machines up to and including the one marketed "
+"as G4 use one of these processors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:973
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "powerpc-smp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:974
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "All Apple PowerMac G4 SMP machines."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:982
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "power64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:983
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The power64 kernel flavour supports the following CPUs:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:987
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The POWER3 processor is used in older IBM 64-bit server systems: known "
+"models include the IntelliStation POWER Model 265, the pSeries 610 and 640, "
+"and the RS/6000 7044-170, 7043-260, and 7044-270."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:993
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The POWER4 processor is used in more recent IBM 64-bit server systems: known "
+"models include the pSeries 615, 630, 650, 655, 670, and 690."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:998
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Systems using the PPC970 processor (Apple G5, YDL PowerStation, IBM "
+"Intellistation POWER 185) are also based on the POWER4 architecture, and use "
+"this kernel flavour."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Newer IBM systems using POWER5, POWER6, and POWER7 processors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1037
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh (pmac) subarchitecture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1039
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Apple (and briefly a few other manufacturers &mdash; Power Computing, for "
+"example) made a series of Macintosh computers based on the PowerPC "
+"processor. For purposes of architecture support, they are categorized as "
+"NuBus (not supported by &debian;), OldWorld, and NewWorld."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1046
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"OldWorld systems are most Power Macintoshes with a floppy drive and a PCI "
+"bus. Most 603, 603e, 604, and 604e based Power Macintoshes are OldWorld "
+"machines. Those pre-iMac PowerPC models from Apple use a four digit naming "
+"scheme, except for the beige colored G3 systems, which are also OldWorld."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1054
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The so called NewWorld PowerMacs are any PowerMacs in translucent colored "
+"plastic cases and later models. That includes all iMacs, iBooks, G4 systems, "
+"blue colored G3 systems, and most PowerBooks manufactured in and after 1999. "
+"The NewWorld PowerMacs are also known for using the <quote>ROM in RAM</"
+"quote> system for MacOS, and were manufactured from mid-1998 onwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1062
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Specifications for Apple hardware are available at <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"info.apple.com/support/applespec.html\">AppleSpec</ulink>, and, for older "
+"hardware, <ulink url=\"http://www.info.apple.com/support/applespec.legacy/"
+"index.html\">AppleSpec Legacy</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1078 hardware.xml:1213 hardware.xml:1257 hardware.xml:1290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Model Name/Number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1079
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Generation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1085
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Apple"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1086
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iMac Bondi Blue, 5 Flavors, Slot Loading"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1087 hardware.xml:1090 hardware.xml:1093 hardware.xml:1096
+#: hardware.xml:1099 hardware.xml:1102 hardware.xml:1105 hardware.xml:1108
+#: hardware.xml:1111 hardware.xml:1114 hardware.xml:1117 hardware.xml:1120
+#: hardware.xml:1123 hardware.xml:1126 hardware.xml:1129 hardware.xml:1132
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "NewWorld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1089
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iMac Summer 2000, Early 2001"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1092
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iMac G5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1095
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iBook, iBook SE, iBook Dual USB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1098
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iBook2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1101
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iBook G4"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh Blue and White (B&amp;W) G3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh G4 PCI, AGP, Cube"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1110
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh G4 Gigabit Ethernet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1113
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh G4 Digital Audio, Quicksilver"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1116
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh G5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook G3 FireWire Pismo (2000)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook G3 Lombard (1999)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1125
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook G4 Titanium"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1128
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook G4 Aluminum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1131
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Xserve G5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Performa 4400, 54xx, 5500"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1135 hardware.xml:1138 hardware.xml:1141 hardware.xml:1144
+#: hardware.xml:1147 hardware.xml:1150 hardware.xml:1153 hardware.xml:1156
+#: hardware.xml:1159 hardware.xml:1162 hardware.xml:1165 hardware.xml:1168
+#: hardware.xml:1174 hardware.xml:1177 hardware.xml:1183 hardware.xml:1189
+#: hardware.xml:1195
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "OldWorld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1137
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Performa 6360, 6400, 6500"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh 4400, 5400"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1143
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh 7200, 7300, 7500, 7600"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1146
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh 8200, 8500, 8600"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1149
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh 9500, 9600"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1152
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh (Beige) G3 Minitower"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Macintosh (Beige) Desktop, All-in-One"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1158
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook 2400, 3400, 3500"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1161
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBook G3 Wallstreet (1998)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1164
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1167
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Workgroup Server 7250, 7350, 8550, 9650, G3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1172
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power Computing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1173
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerBase, PowerTower / Pro, PowerWave"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1176
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PowerCenter / Pro, PowerCurve"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1181
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "UMAX"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1182
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "C500, C600, J700, S900"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>APS</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1188
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "APS Tech M*Power 604e/2000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1193 hardware.xml:1219
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Motorola"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, 5500"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1203
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PReP subarchitecture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1220
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Firepower, PowerStack Series E, PowerStack II"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1222
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "MPC 7xx, 8xx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1224
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "MTX, MTX+"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1226
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "MVME2300(SC)/24xx/26xx/27xx/36xx/46xx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1228
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "MCP(N)750"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1232 hardware.xml:1263
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IBM RS/6000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1233
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "40P, 43P"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1235
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Power 830/850/860 (6070, 6050)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1237
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "6030, 7025, 7043"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1239
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "p640"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1247
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CHRP subarchitecture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "B50, 43P-150, 44P"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1267
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Genesi"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1268
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Pegasos I, Pegasos II"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1271
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Fixstars"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1272
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "YDL PowerStation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1280
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "APUS subarchitecture (unsupported)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1296
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Amiga Power-UP Systems (APUS)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: hardware.xml:1297
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "A1200, A3000, A4000"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1305
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Nubus PowerMac subarchitecture (unsupported)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1307
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"NuBus systems are not currently supported by &debian;/powerpc. The "
+"monolithic Linux/PPC kernel architecture does not have support for these "
+"machines; instead, one must use the MkLinux Mach microkernel, which &debian; "
+"does not yet support. These include the following: <itemizedlist> "
+"<listitem><para> Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100 </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> Performa 5200, 6200, 6300 </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> Powerbook 1400, 2300, and 5300 </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> Workgroup Server 6150, 8150, 9150 </para></listitem> </"
+"itemizedlist> A linux kernel for these machines and limited support is "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/\"></ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1344
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Non-PowerPC Macs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1346
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Macintosh computers using the 680x0 series of processors are <emphasis>not</"
+"emphasis> in the PowerPC family but are instead m68k machines. Those models "
+"start with <quote>Mac II</quote> series, go on to the <quote>LC</quote> "
+"family, then the Centris series, and culminate in the Quadras and Performas. "
+"These models usually have a Roman numeral or 3-digit model number such as "
+"Mac IIcx, LCIII or Quadra 950."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1355
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This model range started with the Mac II (Mac II, IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIsi, "
+"IIvi, IIvx, IIfx), then the LC (LC, LCII, III, III+, 475, 520, 550, 575, "
+"580, 630), then the Mac TV, then the Centris (610, 650, 660AV), the Quadra "
+"(605, 610, 630, 650, 660AV, 700, 800, 840AV, 900, 950), and finally the "
+"Performa 200-640CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1363
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In laptops, it started with the Mac Portable, then the PowerBook 100-190cs "
+"and the PowerBook Duo 210-550c (excluding PowerBook 500 which is Nubus, "
+"please see the section above)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1377
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Machines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S822L"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1385
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S821L"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1390
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S822"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1395
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "S821"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1400
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "TYAN GN70-BP010"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1415
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "zSeries and System z machine types"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1416
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Since &debian; Squeeze, support for booting in ESA/390 mode was dropped. "
+"Your machine needs to support the z/Architecture, 64-bit support is "
+"mandatory. The userland of the S/390 port is still compiled for ESA/390, "
+"though. All zSeries and System z hardware is fully supported. &arch-title; "
+"support software is included from the kernel 4.3 development stream. The "
+"most current information about IBM's Linux support can be found at the "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/"
+"development_technical.html\"> Linux on <trademark class=\"registered"
+"\">System z</trademark> page on developerWorks</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1433
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PAV and HyperPAV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1434
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"PAV and HyperPAV are supported transparently, multipathing is not needed to "
+"take advantage of these storage system features. Be sure to configure the "
+"devices during DASD device selection. The alias devices will not be offered "
+"neither for formatting, partitioning nor direct use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CPU and Main Boards Support"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1451
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Sparc-based hardware is divided into a number of different subarchitectures, "
+"identified by one of the following names: sun4, sun4c, sun4d, sun4m, sun4u "
+"or sun4v. The following list describes what machines they include and what "
+"level of support may be expected for each of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:1462
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sun4, sun4c, sun4d, sun4m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1464
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"None of these 32-bit sparc subarchitectures (sparc32) is supported. For a "
+"complete list of machines belonging to these subarchitectures, please "
+"consult the <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARCstation"
+"\">Wikipedia SPARCstation page</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1471
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last &debian; release to support sparc32 was Etch, but even then only "
+"for sun4m systems. Support for the other 32-bits subarchitectures had "
+"already been discontinued after earlier releases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:1481
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sun4u"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1483
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This subarchitecture includes all 64-bit machines (sparc64) based on the "
+"UltraSparc processor and its clones. Most of the machines are well "
+"supported, even though for some you may experience problems booting from CD "
+"due to firmware or bootloader bugs (this problem may be worked around by "
+"using netbooting). Use the sparc64 or sparc64-smp kernel in UP and SMP "
+"configurations respectively."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: hardware.xml:1496
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sun4v"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1498
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the newest addition to the Sparc family, which includes machines "
+"based on the Niagara multi-core CPUs. At the moment such CPUs are only "
+"available in T1000 and T2000 servers by Sun, and are well supported. Use the "
+"sparc64-smp kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1509
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that Fujitsu's SPARC64 CPUs used in PRIMEPOWER family of servers are "
+"not supported due to lack of support in the Linux kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1518
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Laptops"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1519
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"From a technical point of view, laptops are normal PCs, so all information "
+"regarding PC systems applies to laptops as well. Installations on laptops "
+"nowadays usually work out of the box, including things like automatically "
+"suspending the system on closing the lid and laptop specfic hardware buttons "
+"like those for disabling the wifi interfaces (<quote>airplane mode</quote>). "
+"Nonetheless sometimes the hardware vendors use specialized or proprietary "
+"hardware for some laptop-specific functions which might not be supported. To "
+"see if your particular laptop works well with GNU/Linux, see for example the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-x86-laptop;\">Linux Laptop pages</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1536 hardware.xml:1556 hardware.xml:1578 hardware.xml:1601
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Multiple Processors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</"
+"quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture. Having multiple "
+"processors in a computer was originally only an issue for high-end server "
+"systems but has become common in recent years nearly everywhere with the "
+"introduction of so called <quote>multi-core</quote> processors. These "
+"contain two or more processor units, called <quote>cores</quote>, in one "
+"physical chip."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1547
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The standard &debian; &release; kernel image has been compiled with SMP "
+"support. It is also usable on non-SMP systems without problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1558
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</"
+"quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture. The standard "
+"&debian; &release; kernel image has been compiled with <firstterm>SMP-"
+"alternatives</firstterm> support. This means that the kernel will detect the "
+"number of processors (or processor cores) and will automatically deactivate "
+"SMP on uniprocessor systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1567
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Having multiple processors in a computer was originally only an issue for "
+"high-end server systems but has become common in recent years nearly "
+"everywhere with the introduction of so called <quote>multi-core</quote> "
+"processors. These contain two or more processor units, called <quote>cores</"
+"quote>, in one physical chip."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1579
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</"
+"quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture. However, the "
+"standard &debian; &release; kernel image does not support SMP. This should "
+"not prevent installation, since the standard, non-SMP kernel should boot on "
+"SMP systems; the kernel will simply use only the first CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you'll have to replace "
+"the standard &debian; kernel.<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> You can find a "
+"discussion of how to do this in <xref linkend=\"kernel-baking\"/>. At this "
+"time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way you enable SMP is to select "
+"<quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the <quote>&smp-config-section;</"
+"quote> section of the kernel config.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1602
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Multiprocessor support &mdash; also called <quote>symmetric multiprocessing</"
+"quote> or SMP &mdash; is available for this architecture, and is supported "
+"by a precompiled &debian; kernel image. Depending on your install media, "
+"this SMP-capable kernel may or may not be installed by default. This should "
+"not prevent installation, since the standard, non-SMP kernel should boot on "
+"SMP systems; the kernel will simply use the first CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1612
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to take advantage of multiple processors, you should check to see "
+"if a kernel package that supports SMP is installed, and if not, choose an "
+"appropriate kernel package."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1618
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also build your own customized kernel to support SMP.<phrase arch="
+"\"linux-any\"> You can find a discussion of how to do this in <xref linkend="
+"\"kernel-baking\"/>. At this time (kernel version &kernelversion;) the way "
+"you enable SMP is to select <quote>&smp-config-option;</quote> in the "
+"<quote>&smp-config-section;</quote> section of the kernel config.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1629
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Graphics Hardware Support"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1630
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian;'s support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying "
+"support found in X.Org's X11 system, and the kernel. Basic framebuffer "
+"graphics is provided by the kernel, whilst desktop environments use X11. "
+"Whether advanced graphics card features such as 3D-hardware acceleration or "
+"hardware-accelerated video are available, depends on the actual graphics "
+"hardware used in the system and in some cases on the installation of "
+"additional <quote>firmware</quote> images (see <xref linkend=\"hardware-"
+"firmware\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1642
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On modern PCs, having a graphical display usually works out of the box. In "
+"very few cases there have been reports about hardware on which installation "
+"of additional graphics card firmware was required even for basic graphics "
+"support, but these have been rare exceptions. For quite a lot of hardware, "
+"3D acceleration also works well out of the box, but there is still some "
+"hardware that needs binary blobs to work well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1653
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all ARM machines have the graphics hardware built-in, rather than "
+"being on a plug-in card. Some machines do have expansion slots which will "
+"take graphics cards, but that is a rarity. Hardware designed to be headless "
+"with no graphics at all is quite common. Whilst basic framebuffer video "
+"provided by the kernel should work on all devices that have graphics, fast "
+"3D graphics invariably needs binary drivers to work. The situation is "
+"changing quickly but at the time of the &releasename; release free drivers "
+"for nouveau (Nvidia Tegra K1 SoC) and freedreno (Qualcomm Snapdragon SoCs) "
+"are available in the release. Other hardware needs non-free drivers from 3rd "
+"parties."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1667
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Details on supported graphics hardware and pointing devices can be found at "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-xorg;\"></ulink>. &debian; &release; ships with X.Org "
+"version &x11ver;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1672
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most graphics options commonly found on Sparc-based machines are supported. "
+"X.org graphics drivers are available for sunbw2, suncg14, suncg3, suncg6, "
+"sunleo and suntcx framebuffers, Creator3D and Elite3D cards (sunffb driver), "
+"PGX24/PGX64 ATI-based video cards (ati driver), and PermediaII-based cards "
+"(glint driver). To use an Elite3D card with X.org you additionally need to "
+"install the <classname>afbinit</classname> package, and read the "
+"documentation included with it on how to activate the card."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1682
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is not uncommon for a Sparc machine to have two graphics cards in a "
+"default configuration. In such a case there is a possibility that the Linux "
+"kernel will not direct its output to the card initially used by the "
+"firmware. The lack of output on the graphical console may then be mistaken "
+"for a hang (usually the last message seen on console is 'Booting Linux...'). "
+"One possible solution is to physically remove one of the video cards; "
+"another option is to disable one of the cards using a kernel boot parameter. "
+"Also, if graphical output is not required or desired, serial console may be "
+"used as an alternative. On some systems use of serial console can be "
+"activated automatically by disconnecting the keyboard before booting the "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1704
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network Connectivity Hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1705
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Almost any network interface card (NIC) supported by the &arch-kernel; "
+"kernel should also be supported by the installation system; drivers should "
+"normally be loaded automatically. <phrase arch=\"x86\">This includes most "
+"PCI/PCI-Express cards as well as PCMCIA/Express Cards on laptops.</phrase> "
+"<phrase arch=\"i386\">Many older ISA cards are supported as well.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1715
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This includes a lot of generic PCI cards (for systems that have PCI) and the "
+"following NICs from Sun:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1721
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sun LANCE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1726
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sun Happy Meal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1731
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sun BigMAC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1736
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sun QuadEthernet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1741
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "MyriCOM Gigabit Ethernet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1748
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The list of supported network devices is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1753
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Channel to Channel (CTC) and ESCON connection (real or emulated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1758
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "OSA-2 Token Ring/Ethernet and OSA-Express Fast Ethernet (non-QDIO)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1763
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "OSA-Express in QDIO mode, HiperSockets and Guest-LANs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1772
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On &arch-title;, most built-in Ethernet devices are supported and modules "
+"for additional PCI and USB devices are provided."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1777
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ISDN is supported, but not during the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1784
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Wireless Network Cards"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1785
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Wireless networking is in general supported as well and a growing number of "
+"wireless adapters are supported by the official &arch-kernel; kernel, "
+"although many of them do require firmware to be loaded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1792
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If firmware is needed, the installer will prompt you to load firmware. See "
+"<xref linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/> for detailed information on how to load "
+"firmware during the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1797
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Wireless NICs that are not supported by the official &arch-kernel; kernel "
+"can generally be made to work under &debian-gnu;, but are not supported "
+"during the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1802
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If there is a problem with wireless and there is no other NIC you can use "
+"during the installation, it is still possible to install &debian-gnu; using "
+"a full CD-ROM or DVD image. Select the option to not configure a network and "
+"install using only the packages available from the CD/DVD. You can then "
+"install the driver and firmware you need after the installation is completed "
+"(after the reboot) and configure your network manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1812
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In some cases the driver you need may not be available as a &debian; "
+"package. You will then have to look if there is source code available in the "
+"internet and compile the driver yourself. How to do this is outside the "
+"scope of this manual. <phrase arch=\"x86\">If no Linux driver is available, "
+"your last resort is to use the <classname>ndiswrapper</classname> package, "
+"which allows you to use a Windows driver.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1826
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Known Issues for &arch-title;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1827
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are a couple of issues with specific network cards that are worth "
+"mentioning here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1834
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Conflict between tulip and dfme drivers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1836
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are various PCI network cards that have the same PCI identification, "
+"but are supported by related, but different drivers. Some cards work with "
+"the <literal>tulip</literal> driver, others with the <literal>dfme</literal> "
+"driver. Because they have the same identification, the kernel cannot "
+"distinguish between them and it is not certain which driver will be loaded. "
+"If this happens to be the wrong one, the NIC may not work, or work badly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1846
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is a common problem on Netra systems with a Davicom (DEC-Tulip "
+"compatible) NIC. In that case the <literal>tulip</literal> driver is "
+"probably the correct one. You can prevent this issue by blacklisting the "
+"wrong driver module as described in <xref linkend=\"module-blacklist\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1854
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An alternative solution during the installation is to switch to a shell and "
+"unload the wrong driver module using <userinput>modprobe -r "
+"<replaceable>module</replaceable></userinput> (or both, if they are both "
+"loaded). After that you can load the correct module using "
+"<userinput>modprobe <replaceable>module</replaceable></userinput>. Note that "
+"the wrong module may then still be loaded when the system is rebooted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1867
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sun B100 blade"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1869
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>cassini</literal> network driver does not work with Sun B100 "
+"blade systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1884
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Braille Displays"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1885
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for braille displays is determined by the underlying support found "
+"in <classname>brltty</classname>. Most displays work under "
+"<classname>brltty</classname>, connected via either a serial port, USB or "
+"bluetooth. Details on supported braille devices can be found on the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-brltty;\"><classname>brltty</classname> website</ulink>. &debian-"
+"gnu; &release; ships with <classname>brltty</classname> version &brlttyver;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware Speech Synthesis"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1900
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for hardware speech synthesis devices is determined by the "
+"underlying support found in <classname>speakup</classname>. "
+"<classname>speakup</classname> only supports integrated boards and external "
+"devices connected to a serial port (no USB, serial-to-USB or PCI adapters "
+"are supported). Details on supported hardware speech synthesis devices can "
+"be found on the <ulink url=\"&url-speakup;\"><classname>speakup</classname> "
+"website</ulink>. &debian-gnu; &release; ships with <classname>speakup</"
+"classname> version &speakupver;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1920
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Peripherals and Other Hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1921
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&arch-kernel; supports a large variety of hardware devices such as mice, "
+"printers, scanners, PCMCIA/CardBus/ExpressCard and USB devices. However, "
+"most of these devices are not required while installing the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1927
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"USB hardware generally works fine. On some very old PC systems some USB "
+"keyboards may require additional configuration (see <xref linkend=\"hardware-"
+"issues\"/>). On modern PCs, USB keyboards and mice work without requiring "
+"any specific configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1936
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Package installations from XPRAM and tape are not supported by this system. "
+"All packages that you want to install need to be available on a DASD or over "
+"the network using NFS, HTTP or FTP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:1949
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Devices Requiring Firmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1950
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Besides the availability of a device driver, some hardware also requires so-"
+"called <firstterm>firmware</firstterm> or <firstterm>microcode</firstterm> "
+"to be loaded into the device before it can become operational. This is most "
+"common for network interface cards (especially wireless NICs), but for "
+"example some USB devices and even some hard disk controllers also require "
+"firmware. With many graphics cards, basic functionality is available without "
+"additional firmware, but the use of advanced features requires an "
+"appropriate firmware file to be installed in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1961
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On many older devices which require firmware to work, the firmware file was "
+"permanently placed in an EEPROM/Flash chip on the device itself by the "
+"manufacturer. Nowadays most new devices do not have the firmware embedded "
+"this way anymore, so the firmware file must be uploaded into the device by "
+"the host operating system every time the system boots."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1969
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In most cases firmware is non-free according to the criteria used by the "
+"&debian-gnu; project and thus cannot be included in the main distribution or "
+"in the installation system. If the device driver itself is included in the "
+"distribution and if &debian-gnu; legally can distribute the firmware, it "
+"will often be available as a separate package from the non-free section of "
+"the archive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1978
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"However, this does not mean that such hardware cannot be used during an "
+"installation. Starting with &debian-gnu; 5.0, &d-i; supports loading "
+"firmware files or packages containing firmware from a removable medium, such "
+"as a USB stick. See <xref linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/> for detailed "
+"information on how to load firmware files or packages during the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:1987
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the &d-i; prompts for a firmware file and you do not have this firmware "
+"file available or do not want to install a non-free firmware file on your "
+"system, you can try to proceed without loading the firmware. There are "
+"several cases where a driver prompts for additional firmware because it may "
+"be needed under certain circumstances, but the device does work without it "
+"on most systems (this e.g. happens with certain network cards using the tg3 "
+"driver)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/&arch-kernel;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2006
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are several vendors, who ship systems with &debian; or other "
+"distributions of GNU/Linux <ulink url=\"&url-pre-installed;\">pre-installed</"
+"ulink>. You might pay more for the privilege, but it does buy a level of "
+"peace of mind, since you can be sure that the hardware is well-supported by "
+"GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2014
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you do have to buy a machine with Windows bundled, carefully read the "
+"software license that comes with Windows; you may be able to reject the "
+"license and obtain a rebate from your vendor. Searching the Internet for "
+"<quote>windows refund</quote> may get you some useful information to help "
+"with that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2022
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Whether or not you are purchasing a system with &arch-kernel; bundled, or "
+"even a used system, it is still important to check that your hardware is "
+"supported by the &arch-kernel; kernel. Check if your hardware is listed in "
+"the references found above. Let your salesperson (if any) know that you're "
+"shopping for a &arch-kernel; system. Support &arch-kernel;-friendly hardware "
+"vendors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2033
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2034
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some hardware manufacturers simply won't tell us how to write drivers for "
+"their hardware. Others won't allow us access to the documentation without a "
+"non-disclosure agreement that would prevent us from releasing the driver's "
+"source code, which is one of the central elements of free software. Since we "
+"haven't been granted access to usable documentation on these devices, they "
+"simply won't work under &arch-kernel;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2044
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In many cases there are standards (or at least some de-facto standards) "
+"describing how an operating system and its device drivers communicate with a "
+"certain class of devices. All devices which comply to such a (de-"
+"facto-)standard can be used with a single generic device driver and no "
+"device-specific drivers are required. With some kinds of hardware (e.g. USB "
+"<quote>Human Interface Devices</quote>, i.e. keyboards, mice, etc., and USB "
+"mass storage devices like USB flash disks and memory card readers) this "
+"works very well and practically every device sold in the market is standards-"
+"compliant."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2056
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In other fields, among them e.g. printers, this is unfortunately not the "
+"case. While there are many printers which can be addressed via a small set "
+"of (de-facto-)standard control languages and therefore can be made to work "
+"without problems in any operating system, there are quite a few models which "
+"only understand proprietary control commands for which no usable "
+"documentation is available and therefore either cannot be used at all on "
+"free operating systems or can only be used with a vendor-supplied closed-"
+"source driver."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2067
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Even if there is a vendor-provided closed-source driver for such hardware "
+"when purchasing the device, the practical lifespan of the device is limited "
+"by driver availability. Nowadays product cycles have become short and it is "
+"not uncommon that a short time after a consumer device has ceased "
+"production, no driver updates get made available any more by the "
+"manufacturer. If the old closed-source driver does not work anymore after a "
+"system update, an otherwise perfectly working device becomes unusable due to "
+"lacking driver support and there is nothing that can be done in this case. "
+"You should therefore avoid buying closed hardware in the first place, "
+"regardless of the operating system you want to use it with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2080
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can help improve this situation by encouraging manufacturers of closed "
+"hardware to release the documentation and other resources necessary for us "
+"to provide free drivers for their hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2095
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation Media"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2097
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section will help you determine which different media types you can use "
+"to install &debian;. There is a whole chapter devoted to media, <xref "
+"linkend=\"install-methods\"/>, which lists the advantages and disadvantages "
+"of each media type. You may want to refer back to this page once you reach "
+"that section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Whenever you see <quote>CD-ROM</quote> in this manual, it applies to all of "
+"CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and BD-ROMs, because all these technologies are really the "
+"same from the operating system's point of view."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2115
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CD-ROM based installation is supported for most architectures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On PCs SATA, IDE/ATAPI, USB and SCSI CD-ROMs are supported, as are FireWire "
+"devices that are supported by the ohci1394 and sbp2 drivers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2136
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "USB Memory Stick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2138
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"USB flash disks a.k.a. USB memory sticks have become a commonly used and "
+"cheap storage device. Most modern computer systems also allow booting the &d-"
+"i; from such a stick. Many modern computer systems, in particular netbooks "
+"and thin laptops, do not have a CD/DVD-ROM drive anymore at all and booting "
+"from USB media is the standard way of installing a new operating system on "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2150
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2152
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The network can be used during the installation to retrieve files needed for "
+"the installation. Whether the network is used or not depends on the "
+"installation method you choose and your answers to certain questions that "
+"will be asked during the installation. The installation system supports most "
+"types of network connections (including PPPoE, but not ISDN or PPP), via "
+"either HTTP or FTP. After the installation is completed, you can also "
+"configure your system to use ISDN and PPP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2162
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also <emphasis>boot</emphasis> the installation system over the "
+"network without needing any local media like CDs/DVDs or USB sticks. If you "
+"already have a netboot-infrastructure available (i.e. you are already "
+"running DHCP and TFTP services in your network), this allows an easy and "
+"fast deployment of a large number of machines. Setting up the necessary "
+"infrastructure requires a certain level of technical experience, so this is "
+"not recommended for novice users. <phrase arch=\"mips;mipsel;mips64el\">This "
+"is the preferred installation technique for &arch-title;.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2175
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Diskless installation, using network booting from a local area network and "
+"NFS-mounting of all local filesystems, is another option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2184
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2186
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Booting the installation system directly from a hard disk is another option "
+"for many architectures. This will require some other operating system to "
+"load the installer onto the hard disk. This method is only recommended for "
+"special cases when no other installation method is available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2193
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although the &arch-title; does not allow booting from SunOS (Solaris), you "
+"can install from a SunOS partition (UFS slices)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2202
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Un*x or GNU system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are running another Unix-like system, you could use it to install "
+"&debian-gnu; without using the &d-i; described in the rest of this manual. "
+"This kind of install may be useful for users with otherwise unsupported "
+"hardware or on hosts which can't afford downtime. If you are interested in "
+"this technique, skip to the <xref linkend=\"linux-upgrade\"/>. This "
+"installation method is only recommended for advanced users when no other "
+"installation method is available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2217
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Supported Storage Systems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2219
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; installer contains a kernel which is built to maximize the "
+"number of systems it runs on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2223
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Generally, the &debian; installation system includes support for IDE (also "
+"known as PATA) drives, SATA and SCSI controllers and drives, USB, and "
+"FireWire. The supported file systems include FAT, Win-32 FAT extensions "
+"(VFAT) and NTFS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2240
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the "
+"boot system. The following SCSI drivers are supported in the default kernel: "
+"<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Sparc ESP </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> PTI Qlogic,ISP </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Adaptec "
+"AIC7xxx </para></listitem> <listitem><para> NCR and Symbios 53C8XX </para></"
+"listitem> </itemizedlist> IDE systems (such as the UltraSPARC 5) are also "
+"supported. See <ulink url=\"&url-sparc-linux-faq;\">Linux for SPARC "
+"Processors FAQ</ulink> for more information on SPARC hardware supported by "
+"the Linux kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the "
+"boot system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any storage system supported by the Linux kernel is also supported by the "
+"boot system. This means that FBA and ECKD DASDs are supported with the old "
+"Linux disk layout (ldl) and the new common S/390 disk layout (cdl)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: hardware.xml:2307
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Memory and Disk Space Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2309
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You must have at least &minimum-memory; of memory and &minimum-fs-size; of "
+"hard disk space to perform a normal installation. Note that these are fairly "
+"minimal numbers. For more realistic figures, see <xref linkend=\"minimum-"
+"hardware-reqts\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: hardware.xml:2316
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Installation on systems with less memory<footnote condition=\"gtk\"> <para> "
+"Installation images that support the graphical installer require more memory "
+"than images that support only the textual installer and should not be used "
+"on systems with less than &minimum-memory; of memory. If there is a choice "
+"between booting the text-based and the graphical installer, the former "
+"should be selected on such systems. </para> </footnote> or disk space "
+"available may be possible but is only advised for experienced users."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/install-methods.po b/po/uk/install-methods.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..060b97d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/install-methods.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1380 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: install-methods_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Obtaining System Installation Media"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:12
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Official &debian-gnu; CD/DVD-ROM Sets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:13
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By far the easiest way to install &debian-gnu; is from an Official &debian; "
+"CD/DVD-ROM Set. You can buy a set from a vendor (see the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"debian-cd-vendors;\">CD vendors page</ulink>). You may also download the CD/"
+"DVD-ROM images from a &debian; mirror and make your own set, if you have a "
+"fast network connection and a CD/DVD burner (see the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"debian-cd;\">Debian CD page</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&url-debian-cd-faq;"
+"\">Debian CD FAQ</ulink> for detailed instructions). If you have a &debian; "
+"CD/DVD set and CDs/DVDs are bootable on your machine<phrase arch=\"x86\">, "
+"which is the case on all modern PCs</phrase>, you can skip right to <xref "
+"linkend=\"boot-installer\"/>. Much effort has been expended to ensure the "
+"most-used files are on the first CDs and DVDs, so that a basic desktop "
+"installation can be done with only the first DVD or - to a limited extent - "
+"even with only the first CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:30
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As CDs have a rather limited capacity by today's standards, not all "
+"graphical desktop environments are installable with only the first CD; for "
+"some desktop environments a CD installation requires either network "
+"connectivity during the installation to download the remaining files or "
+"additional CDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:38
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Also, keep in mind: if the CDs/DVDs you are using don't contain some "
+"packages you need, you can always install those packages afterwards from "
+"your running new Debian system (after the installation has finished). If you "
+"need to know on which CD/DVD to find a specific package, visit <ulink url="
+"\"https://cdimage-search.debian.org/\">https://cdimage-search.debian.org/</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:46
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your machine doesn't support CD booting<phrase arch=\"x86\"> (only "
+"relevant on very old PC systems)</phrase>, but you do have a CD set, you can "
+"use an alternative strategy such as <phrase arch=\"s390\">VM reader,</"
+"phrase> <phrase condition=\"bootable-disk\">hard disk,</phrase> <phrase "
+"condition=\"bootable-usb\">usb stick,</phrase> <phrase condition=\"supports-"
+"tftp\">net boot,</phrase> or manually loading the kernel from the CD to "
+"initially boot the system installer. The files you need for booting by "
+"another means are also on the CD; the &debian; network archive and CD folder "
+"organization are identical. So when archive file paths are given below for "
+"particular files you need for booting, look for those files in the same "
+"directories and subdirectories on your CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:67
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once the installer is booted, it will be able to obtain all the other files "
+"it needs from the CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:72
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you don't have a CD set, then you will need to download the installer "
+"system files and place them on the <phrase arch=\"s390\">VM minidisk</"
+"phrase> <phrase condition=\"bootable-disk\">hard disk or</phrase> <phrase "
+"condition=\"bootable-usb\">usb stick or</phrase> <phrase condition="
+"\"supports-tftp\">a connected computer</phrase> so they can be used to boot "
+"the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:96
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Downloading Files from &debian; Mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To find the nearest (and thus probably the fastest) mirror, see the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-debian-mirrors;\">list of &debian; mirrors</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:106
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Where to Find Installation Images"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:108
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation images are located on each &debian; mirror in the directory "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-installer;images\">debian/dists/&releasename;/main/"
+"installer-&architecture;/current/images/</ulink> &mdash; the <ulink url="
+"\"&url-debian-installer;images/MANIFEST\">MANIFEST</ulink> lists each image "
+"and its purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:120
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Kurobox Pro Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:121
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Kurobox Pro requires a kernel and ramdisk on an ext2 partition on the "
+"disk on which you intend to install &debian;. These images can be obtained "
+"from &kuroboxpro-firmware-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:131
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "HP mv2120 Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:132
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A firmware image is provided for the HP mv2120 which will automatically boot "
+"<classname>debian-installer</classname>. This image can be installed with "
+"uphpmvault on Linux and other systems and with the HP Media Vault Firmware "
+"Recovery Utility on Windows. The firmware image can be obtained from &mv2120-"
+"firmware-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:144
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "QNAP Turbo Station Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation files for the QNAP Turbo Station consist of a kernel and "
+"ramdisk as well as a script to write these images to flash. You can obtain "
+"the installation files for QNAP TS-11x/TS-12x, HS-210, TS-21x/TS-22x and "
+"TS-41x/TS-42x models from &qnap-kirkwood-firmware-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:156
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Plug Computer and OpenRD Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:157
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation files for plug computers (SheevaPlug, GuruPlug, DreamPlug "
+"etc) and OpenRD devices consist of a kernel and initrd for U-Boot. You can "
+"obtain these files from &kirkwood-marvell-firmware-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:167
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "LaCie NASes Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:168
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation files for LaCie NASes (Network Space v2, Network Space Max "
+"v2, Internet Space v2, d2 Network v2, 2Big Network v2 and 5Big Network v2) "
+"consist of a kernel and initrd for U-Boot. You can obtain these files from "
+"&lacie-kirkwood-firmware-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:179
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Armhf Multiplatform Installation Files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:180
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation files for systems supported by the armhf multiplatform "
+"kernel (see <xref linkend=\"armhf-armmp-supported-platforms\"/>) consist of "
+"a standard Linux kernel image, a standard Linux initial ramdisk image and a "
+"system-specific device-tree blob. The kernel and the initial ramdisk image "
+"for tftp-booting can be obtained from &armmp-firmware-img; and the device-"
+"tree blob can be obtained from &armmp-dtb-img;. The tar archive for creating "
+"a bootable USB stick with the installer can be obtained from &armmp-hd-media-"
+"tarball;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:192
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"U-boot images for various armhf platforms are available at &armmp-uboot-img;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:240
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To prepare the USB stick, you will need a system where GNU/Linux is already "
+"running and where USB is supported. With current GNU/Linux systems the USB "
+"stick should be automatically recognized when you insert it. If it is not "
+"you should check that the usb-storage kernel module is loaded. When the USB "
+"stick is inserted, it will be mapped to a device named <filename>/dev/sdX</"
+"filename>, where the <quote>X</quote> is a letter in the range a-z. You "
+"should be able to see to which device the USB stick was mapped by running "
+"the command <command>dmesg</command> after inserting it. To write to your "
+"stick, you may have to turn off its write protection switch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:253
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The procedures described in this section will destroy anything already on "
+"the device! Make very sure that you use the correct device name for your USB "
+"stick. If you use the wrong device the result could be that all information "
+"on for example a hard disk could be lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:263
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preparing a USB stick using a hybrid CD or DVD image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian CD and DVD images can now be written directly to a USB stick, which "
+"is a very easy way to make a bootable USB stick. Simply choose a CD or DVD "
+"image (such as the netinst, CD-1, DVD-1, or netboot) that will fit on your "
+"USB stick. See <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/> to get a CD or DVD image."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:272
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively, for very small USB sticks, only a few megabytes in size, you "
+"can download the <filename>mini.iso</filename> image from the "
+"<filename>netboot</filename> directory (at the location mentioned in <xref "
+"linkend=\"where-files\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:279
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The CD or DVD image you choose should be written directly to the USB stick, "
+"overwriting its current contents. For example, when using an existing GNU/"
+"Linux system, the CD or DVD image file can be written to a USB stick as "
+"follows, after having made sure that the stick is unmounted: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp <replaceable>debian.iso</replaceable> /dev/"
+"<replaceable>sdX</replaceable></userinput>\n"
+"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sync</userinput>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Information about how to do this on other "
+"operating systems can be found in the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-cd-faq-write-"
+"usb;\">Debian CD FAQ</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:291
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The image must be written to the whole-disk device and not a partition, e."
+"g. /dev/sdb and not /dev/sdb1. Do not use tools like <command>unetbootin</"
+"command> which alter the image."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:297
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Simply writing the CD or DVD image to USB like this should work fine for "
+"most users. The other options below are more complex, mainly for people with "
+"specialised needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:305
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The hybrid image on the stick does not occupy all the storage space, so it "
+"may be worth considering using the free space to hold firmware files or "
+"packages or any other files of your choice. This could be useful if you have "
+"only one stick or just want to keep everything you need on one device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Create a second, FAT partition on the stick, mount the partition and copy or "
+"unpack the firmware onto it. For example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: install-methods.xml:318
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /mnt\n"
+"# cd /mnt\n"
+"# tar zxvf <replaceable>/path/to/</replaceable>firmware.tar.gz\n"
+"# cd /\n"
+"# umount /mnt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:320
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You might have written the <filename>mini.iso</filename> to the USB stick. "
+"In this case the second partition doesn't have to be created as, very "
+"nicely, it will already be present. Unplugging and replugging the USB stick "
+"should make the two partitions visible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:334
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Manually copying files to the USB stick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:335
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An alternative way to set up your USB stick is to manually copy the "
+"installer files, and also a CD image to it. Note that the USB stick should "
+"be at least 1 GB in size (smaller setups are possible if you follow <xref "
+"linkend=\"usb-copy-flexible\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:342
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There is an all-in-one file <filename>hd-media/boot.img.gz</filename> which "
+"contains all the installer files (including the kernel) <phrase arch="
+"\"x86\">as well as <classname>syslinux</classname> and its configuration "
+"file</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">as well as <classname>yaboot</"
+"classname> and its configuration file</phrase>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:351
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that, although convenient, this method does have one major "
+"disadvantage: the logical size of the device will be limited to 1 GB, even "
+"if the capacity of the USB stick is larger. You will need to repartition the "
+"USB stick and create new file systems to get its full capacity back if you "
+"ever want to use it for some different purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:359
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "To use this image simply extract it directly to your USB stick:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: install-methods.xml:363
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz &gt; /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:365
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Create a partition of type \"Apple_Bootstrap\" on your USB stick using "
+"<command>mac-fdisk</command>'s <userinput>C</userinput> command and extract "
+"the image directly to that:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: install-methods.xml:371
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz &gt; /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:373
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After that, mount the USB memory stick <phrase arch="
+"\"x86\">(<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable> /mnt</"
+"userinput>),</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">(<userinput>mount /dev/"
+"<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /mnt</userinput>),</phrase> which will now "
+"have <phrase arch=\"x86\">a FAT filesystem</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc"
+"\">an HFS filesystem</phrase> on it, and copy a &debian; ISO image (netinst "
+"or full CD) to it. Unmount the stick (<userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>) "
+"and you are done."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:390
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Manually copying files to the USB stick &mdash; the flexible way"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:391
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you like more flexibility or just want to know what's going on, you "
+"should use the following method to put the files on your stick. One "
+"advantage of using this method is that &mdash; if the capacity of your USB "
+"stick is large enough &mdash; you have the option of copying any ISO image, "
+"even a DVD image, to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:406 install-methods.xml:528
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning the USB stick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:407
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We will show how to set up the memory stick to use the first partition, "
+"instead of the entire device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:412
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Since most USB sticks come pre-configured with a single FAT16 partition, you "
+"probably won't have to repartition or reformat the stick. If you have to do "
+"that anyway, use <command>cfdisk</command> or any other partitioning tool to "
+"create a FAT16 partition<footnote> <para> Don't forget to set the "
+"<quote>bootable</quote> bootable flag. </para> </footnote>, install an MBR "
+"using: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# install-mbr /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The <command>install-mbr</command> command is "
+"contained in the <classname>mbr</classname> &debian; package. Then create "
+"the filesystem using: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mkdosfs /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Take care that you use the correct device name "
+"for your USB stick. The <command>mkdosfs</command> command is contained in "
+"the <classname>dosfstools</classname> &debian; package."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:436
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a "
+"boot loader on the stick. Although any boot loader (e.g. <classname>lilo</"
+"classname>) should work, it's convenient to use <classname>syslinux</"
+"classname>, since it uses a FAT16 partition and can be reconfigured by just "
+"editing a text file. Any operating system which supports the FAT file system "
+"can be used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:446
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To put <classname>syslinux</classname> on the FAT16 partition on your USB "
+"stick, install the <classname>syslinux</classname> and <classname>mtools</"
+"classname> packages on your system, and do: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# syslinux /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Again, take care that you use the correct device "
+"name. The partition must not be mounted when starting <command>syslinux</"
+"command>. This procedure writes a boot sector to the partition and creates "
+"the file <filename>ldlinux.sys</filename> which contains the boot loader "
+"code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:463 install-methods.xml:575
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Adding the installer image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:464
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable> /"
+"mnt</userinput>) and copy the following installer image files to the stick: "
+"<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>vmlinuz</filename> or "
+"<filename>linux</filename> (kernel binary) </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> <filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image) </"
+"para></listitem> </itemizedlist> You can choose between either the text-"
+"based or the graphical version of the installer. The latter can be found in "
+"the <filename>gtk</filename> subdirectory. If you want to rename the files, "
+"please note that <classname>syslinux</classname> can only process DOS (8.3) "
+"file names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:488
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next you should create a <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename> configuration "
+"file, which at a bare minimum should contain the following line (change the "
+"name of the kernel binary to <quote><filename>linux</filename></quote> if "
+"you used a <filename>netboot</filename> image): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"default vmlinuz initrd=initrd.gz\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> For the graphical installer you should add "
+"<userinput>vga=788</userinput> to the line. Other parameters can be appended "
+"as desired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:500
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To enable the boot prompt to permit further parameter appending, add a "
+"<userinput>prompt 1</userinput> line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:505 install-methods.xml:615
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you used an <filename>hd-media</filename> image, you should now copy the "
+"ISO file of a &debian; ISO image<footnote> <para> You can use either a "
+"netinst or a full CD image (see <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/>). Be sure "
+"to select one that fits. Note that the <quote>netboot <filename>mini.iso</"
+"filename></quote> image is not usable for this purpose. </para> </footnote> "
+"onto the stick. When you are done, unmount the USB memory stick "
+"(<userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most USB sticks do not come pre-configured in such a way that Open Firmware "
+"can boot from them, so you will need to repartition the stick. On Mac "
+"systems, run <userinput>mac-fdisk /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable></"
+"userinput>, initialise a new partition map using the <userinput>i</"
+"userinput> command, and create a new partition of type Apple_Bootstrap using "
+"the <userinput>C</userinput> command. (Note that the first \"partition\" "
+"will always be the partition map itself.) Then type "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ hformat /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Take care that you use the correct device name "
+"for your USB stick. The <command>hformat</command> command is contained in "
+"the <classname>hfsutils</classname> &debian; package."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:546
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a "
+"boot loader on the stick. The <command>yaboot</command> boot loader can be "
+"installed on an HFS filesystem and can be reconfigured by just editing a "
+"text file. Any operating system which supports the HFS file system can be "
+"used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:555
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The normal <command>ybin</command> tool that comes with <command>yaboot</"
+"command> does not yet understand USB storage devices, so you will have to "
+"install <command>yaboot</command> by hand using the <classname>hfsutils</"
+"classname> tools. Type <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ hmount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>\n"
+"$ hcopy -r /usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot :\n"
+"$ hattrib -c UNIX -t tbxi :yaboot\n"
+"$ hattrib -b :\n"
+"$ humount\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Again, take care that you use the correct device "
+"name. The partition must not be otherwise mounted during this procedure. "
+"This procedure writes the boot loader to the partition, and uses the HFS "
+"utilities to mark it in such a way that Open Firmware will boot it. Having "
+"done this, the rest of the USB stick may be prepared using the normal Unix "
+"utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:576
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /"
+"mnt</userinput>) and copy the following installer image files to the stick:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:583
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>vmlinux</filename> (kernel binary)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:593
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> (yaboot configuration file)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:598
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>boot.msg</filename> (optional boot message)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:605
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> configuration file should contain the "
+"following lines: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"default=install\n"
+"root=/dev/ram\n"
+"\n"
+"message=/boot.msg\n"
+"\n"
+"image=/vmlinux\n"
+" label=install\n"
+" initrd=/initrd.gz\n"
+" initrd-size=10000\n"
+" read-only\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Please note that the <userinput>initrd-size</"
+"userinput> parameter may need to be increased, depending on the image you "
+"are booting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:643
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:644
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer may be booted using boot files placed on an existing hard "
+"drive partition, either launched from another operating system or by "
+"invoking a boot loader directly from the BIOS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:650
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A full, <quote>pure network</quote> installation can be achieved using this "
+"technique. This avoids all hassles of removable media, like finding and "
+"burning CD images."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:656
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer cannot boot from files on an HFS+ file system. MacOS System "
+"8.1 and above may use HFS+ file systems; NewWorld PowerMacs all use HFS+. To "
+"determine whether your existing file system is HFS+, select <userinput>Get "
+"Info</userinput> for the volume in question. HFS file systems appear as "
+"<userinput>Mac OS Standard</userinput>, while HFS+ file systems say "
+"<userinput>Mac OS Extended</userinput>. You must have an HFS partition in "
+"order to exchange files between MacOS and Linux, in particular the "
+"installation files you download."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:667
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Different programs are used for hard disk installation system booting, "
+"depending on whether the system is a <quote>NewWorld</quote> or an "
+"<quote>OldWorld</quote> model."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:676
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Hard disk installer booting from Linux using <command>LILO</command> or "
+"<command>GRUB</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:678
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section explains how to add to or even replace an existing linux "
+"installation using either <command>LILO</command> or <command>GRUB</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:684
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At boot time, both bootloaders support loading in memory not only the "
+"kernel, but also a disk image. This RAM disk can be used as the root file-"
+"system by the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:690
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Copy the following files from the &debian; archives to a convenient location "
+"on your hard drive (note that LILO can not boot from files on an NTFS file "
+"system), for instance to <filename>/boot/newinstall/</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:698
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>vmlinuz</filename> (kernel binary)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:703
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (ramdisk image)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:710
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Finally, to configure the bootloader proceed to <xref linkend=\"boot-initrd"
+"\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:720
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hard disk installer booting from DOS using <command>loadlin</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:721
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section explains how to prepare your hard drive for booting the "
+"installer from DOS using <command>loadlin</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:726
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Copy the following directories from a &debian; CD image to <filename>c:\\</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:731
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/&x86-install-dir;</filename> (kernel binary and ramdisk image)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:736
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>/tools</filename> (loadlin tool)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:848
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:849
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your machine is connected to a local area network, you may be able to "
+"boot it over the network from another machine, using TFTP. If you intend to "
+"boot the installation system from another machine, the boot files will need "
+"to be placed in specific locations on that machine, and the machine "
+"configured to support booting of your specific machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:857
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to set up a TFTP server, and for many machines a DHCP server<phrase "
+"condition=\"supports-rarp\">, or RARP server</phrase><phrase condition="
+"\"supports-bootp\">, or BOOTP server</phrase>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:864
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase condition=\"supports-rarp\">The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol "
+"(RARP) is one way to tell your client what IP address to use for itself. "
+"Another way is to use the BOOTP protocol.</phrase> <phrase condition="
+"\"supports-bootp\">BOOTP is an IP protocol that informs a computer of its IP "
+"address and where on the network to obtain a boot image.</phrase> The DHCP "
+"(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a more flexible, backwards-"
+"compatible extension of BOOTP. Some systems can only be configured via DHCP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:878
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For PowerPC, if you have a NewWorld Power Macintosh machine, it is a good "
+"idea to use DHCP instead of BOOTP. Some of the latest machines are unable to "
+"boot using BOOTP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:884
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some older HPPA machines (e.g. 715/75) use RBOOTD rather than BOOTP. There "
+"is an <classname>rbootd</classname> package available in &debian;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:889
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used to serve the boot image to "
+"the client. Theoretically, any server, on any platform, which implements "
+"these protocols, may be used. In the examples in this section, we shall "
+"provide commands for SunOS 4.x, SunOS 5.x (a.k.a. Solaris), and GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:897
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For a &debian-gnu; server we recommend <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname>. "
+"It's written by the same author as the <classname>syslinux</classname> "
+"bootloader and is therefore least likely to cause issues. A good alternative "
+"is <classname>atftpd</classname>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:913
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up RARP server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:914
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To set up RARP, you need to know the Ethernet address (a.k.a. the MAC "
+"address) of the client computers to be installed. If you don't know this "
+"information, you can <phrase arch=\"sparc\"> pick it off the initial "
+"OpenPROM boot messages, use the OpenBoot <userinput>.enet-addr</userinput> "
+"command, or </phrase> boot into <quote>Rescue</quote> mode and use the "
+"command <userinput>ip addr show dev eth0</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:926
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On a RARP server system using a Linux kernel or Solaris/SunOS, you use the "
+"<command>rarpd</command> program. You need to ensure that the Ethernet "
+"hardware address for the client is listed in the <quote>ethers</quote> "
+"database (either in the <filename>/etc/ethers</filename> file, or via NIS/NIS"
+"+) and in the <quote>hosts</quote> database. Then you need to start the RARP "
+"daemon. Issue the command (as root): <userinput>/usr/sbin/rarpd -a</"
+"userinput> on most Linux systems and SunOS 5 (Solaris 2), <userinput>/usr/"
+"sbin/in.rarpd -a</userinput> on some other Linux systems, or <userinput>/usr/"
+"etc/rarpd -a</userinput> in SunOS 4 (Solaris 1)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:947
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up a DHCP server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:948
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One free software DHCP server is ISC <command>dhcpd</command>. For &debian-"
+"gnu;, the <classname>isc-dhcp-server</classname> package is recommended. "
+"Here is a sample configuration file for it (see <filename>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd."
+"conf</filename>):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: install-methods.xml:955
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"option domain-name \"example.com\";\n"
+"option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com;\n"
+"option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;\n"
+"default-lease-time 600;\n"
+"max-lease-time 7200;\n"
+"server-name \"servername\";\n"
+"\n"
+"subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n"
+" range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n"
+" option routers 192.168.1.1;\n"
+"}\n"
+"\n"
+"host clientname {\n"
+" filename \"/tftpboot.img\";\n"
+" server-name \"servername\";\n"
+" next-server servername;\n"
+" hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:AB;\n"
+" fixed-address 192.168.1.90;\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:957
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In this example, there is one server <replaceable>servername</replaceable> "
+"which performs all of the work of DHCP server, TFTP server, and network "
+"gateway. You will almost certainly need to change the domain-name options, "
+"as well as the server name and client hardware address. The "
+"<replaceable>filename</replaceable> option should be the name of the file "
+"which will be retrieved via TFTP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:967
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you have edited the <command>dhcpd</command> configuration file, "
+"restart it with <userinput>/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:975
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:976
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here is another example for a <filename>dhcp.conf</filename> using the Pre-"
+"boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"option domain-name \"example.com\";\n"
+"\n"
+"default-lease-time 600;\n"
+"max-lease-time 7200;\n"
+"\n"
+"allow booting;\n"
+"allow bootp;\n"
+"\n"
+"# The next paragraph needs to be modified to fit your case\n"
+"subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n"
+" range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n"
+" option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;\n"
+"# the gateway address which can be different\n"
+"# (access to the internet for instance)\n"
+" option routers 192.168.1.1;\n"
+"# indicate the dns you want to use\n"
+" option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.3;\n"
+"}\n"
+"\n"
+"group {\n"
+" next-server 192.168.1.3;\n"
+" host tftpclient {\n"
+"# tftp client hardware address\n"
+" hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n"
+" filename \"pxelinux.0\";\n"
+" }\n"
+"}\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Note that for PXE booting, the client filename "
+"<filename>pxelinux.0</filename> is a boot loader, not a kernel image (see "
+"<xref linkend=\"tftp-images\"/> below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:986
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your machine uses UEFI to boot, you will have to specify a boot loader "
+"appropriate for UEFI machines, for example"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: install-methods.xml:990
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"group {\n"
+" next-server 192.168.1.3;\n"
+" host tftpclient {\n"
+"# tftp client hardware address\n"
+" hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n"
+" filename \"debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi\";\n"
+" }\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1003
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up a BOOTP server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are two BOOTP servers available for GNU/Linux. The first is CMU "
+"<command>bootpd</command>. The other is actually a DHCP server: ISC "
+"<command>dhcpd</command>. In &debian-gnu; these are contained in the "
+"<classname>bootp</classname> and <classname>isc-dhcp-server</classname> "
+"packages respectively."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1012
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To use CMU <command>bootpd</command>, you must first uncomment (or add) the "
+"relevant line in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>. On &debian-gnu;, you "
+"can run <userinput>update-inetd --enable bootps</userinput>, then "
+"<userinput>/etc/init.d/inetd reload</userinput> to do so. Just in case your "
+"BOOTP server does not run &debian;, the line in question should look like: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -i -t 120\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Now, you must create an <filename>/etc/bootptab</"
+"filename> file. This has the same sort of familiar and cryptic format as the "
+"good old BSD <filename>printcap</filename>, <filename>termcap</filename>, "
+"and <filename>disktab</filename> files. See the <filename>bootptab</"
+"filename> manual page for more information. For CMU <command>bootpd</"
+"command>, you will need to know the hardware (MAC) address of the client. "
+"Here is an example <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"client:\\\n"
+" hd=/tftpboot:\\\n"
+" bf=tftpboot.img:\\\n"
+" ip=192.168.1.90:\\\n"
+" sm=255.255.255.0:\\\n"
+" sa=192.168.1.1:\\\n"
+" ha=0123456789AB:\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> You will need to change at least the <quote>ha</"
+"quote> option, which specifies the hardware address of the client. The "
+"<quote>bf</quote> option specifies the file a client should retrieve via "
+"TFTP; see <xref linkend=\"tftp-images\"/> for more details. <phrase arch="
+"\"mips\"> On SGI machines you can just enter the command monitor and type "
+"<userinput>printenv</userinput>. The value of the <userinput>eaddr</"
+"userinput> variable is the machine's MAC address. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1045
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, setting up BOOTP with ISC <command>dhcpd</command> is really "
+"easy, because it treats BOOTP clients as a moderately special case of DHCP "
+"clients. Some architectures require a complex configuration for booting "
+"clients via BOOTP. If yours is one of those, read the section <xref linkend="
+"\"dhcpd\"/>. Otherwise you will probably be able to get away with simply "
+"adding the <userinput>allow bootp</userinput> directive to the configuration "
+"block for the subnet containing the client in <filename>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd."
+"conf</filename>, and restart <command>dhcpd</command> with <userinput>/etc/"
+"init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1064
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Enabling the TFTP Server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1065
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To get the TFTP server ready to go, you should first make sure that "
+"<command>tftpd</command> is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1070
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the case of <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname> there are two ways the "
+"service can be run. It can be started on demand by the system's "
+"<classname>inetd</classname> daemon, or it can be set up to run as an "
+"independent daemon. Which of these methods is used is selected when the "
+"package is installed and can be changed by reconfiguring the package."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1079
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Historically, TFTP servers used <filename>/tftpboot</filename> as directory "
+"to serve images from. However, &debian-gnu; packages may use other "
+"directories to comply with the <ulink url=\"&url-fhs-home;\">Filesystem "
+"Hierarchy Standard</ulink>. For example, <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname> by "
+"default uses <filename>/srv/tftp</filename>. You may have to adjust the "
+"configuration examples in this section accordingly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1089
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"All <command>in.tftpd</command> alternatives available in &debian; should "
+"log TFTP requests to the system logs by default. Some of them support a "
+"<userinput>-v</userinput> argument to increase verbosity. It is recommended "
+"to check these log messages in case of boot problems as they are a good "
+"starting point for diagnosing the cause of errors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1097
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you intend to install &debian; on an SGI machine and your TFTP server is "
+"a GNU/Linux box running Linux 2.4, you'll need to set the following on your "
+"server: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_no_pmtu_disc\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> to turn off Path MTU discovery, otherwise the "
+"SGI's PROM can't download the kernel. Furthermore, make sure TFTP packets "
+"are sent from a source port no greater than 32767, or the download will "
+"stall after the first packet. Again, it's Linux 2.4.X tripping this bug in "
+"the PROM, and you can avoid it by setting <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# echo \"2048 32767\" &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> to adjust the range of source ports the Linux "
+"TFTP server uses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Move TFTP Images Into Place"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1120
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next, place the TFTP boot image you need, as found in <xref linkend=\"where-"
+"files\"/>, in the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. You may "
+"have to make a link from that file to the file which <command>tftpd</"
+"command> will use for booting a particular client. Unfortunately, the file "
+"name is determined by the TFTP client, and there are no strong standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On NewWorld Power Macintosh machines, you will need to set up the "
+"<command>yaboot</command> boot loader as the TFTP boot image. "
+"<command>Yaboot</command> will then retrieve the kernel and RAMdisk images "
+"via TFTP itself. You will need to download the following files from the "
+"<filename>netboot/</filename> directory:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: install-methods.xml:1140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "vmlinux"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: install-methods.xml:1145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "initrd.gz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: install-methods.xml:1150
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "yaboot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: install-methods.xml:1155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "yaboot.conf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: install-methods.xml:1160
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "boot.msg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1165
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the "
+"<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this "
+"tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure "
+"your dhcp server is configured to pass <filename>pxelinux.0</filename> to "
+"<command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot. For UEFI machines, you "
+"will need to pass an appropriate EFI boot image name (such as <filename>/"
+"debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi</filename>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1175
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the "
+"<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this "
+"tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure "
+"your dhcp server is configured to pass <filename>/debian-installer/ia64/"
+"elilo.efi</filename> to <command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SPARC TFTP Booting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1188
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some SPARC architectures add the subarchitecture names, such as "
+"<quote>SUN4M</quote> or <quote>SUN4C</quote>, to the filename. Thus, if your "
+"system's subarchitecture is a SUN4C, and its IP is 192.168.1.3, the filename "
+"would be <filename>C0A80103.SUN4C</filename>. However, there are also "
+"subarchitectures where the file the client looks for is just "
+"<filename>client-ip-in-hex</filename>. An easy way to determine the "
+"hexadecimal code for the IP address is to enter the following command in a "
+"shell (assuming the machine's intended IP is 10.0.0.4). "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"$ printf '%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\\n' 10 0 0 4\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> To get to the correct filename, you will need to "
+"change all letters to uppercase and if necessary append the subarchitecture "
+"name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you've done all this correctly, giving the command <userinput>boot net</"
+"userinput> from the OpenPROM should load the image. If the image cannot be "
+"found, try checking the logs on your tftp server to see which image name is "
+"being requested."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1211
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also force some sparc systems to look for a specific file name by "
+"adding it to the end of the OpenPROM boot command, such as <userinput>boot "
+"net my-sparc.image</userinput>. This must still reside in the directory that "
+"the TFTP server looks in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1222
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SGI TFTP Booting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1223
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On SGI machines you can rely on the <command>bootpd</command> to supply the "
+"name of the TFTP file. It is given either as the <userinput>bf=</userinput> "
+"in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or as the <userinput>filename=</"
+"userinput> option in <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1331
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Automatic Installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1332
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully automatic "
+"installations. &debian; packages intended for this include <classname>fai-"
+"quickstart</classname> (which can use an install server) and the &debian; "
+"Installer itself. Have a look at the <ulink url=\"http://fai-project.org"
+"\">FAI home page</ulink> for detailed information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: install-methods.xml:1344
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Automatic Installation Using the &debian; Installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1345
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; Installer supports automating installs via preconfiguration "
+"files. A preconfiguration file can be loaded from the network or from "
+"removable media, and used to fill in answers to questions asked during the "
+"installation process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: install-methods.xml:1352
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Full documentation on preseeding including a working example that you can "
+"edit is in <xref linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/installation-howto.po b/po/uk/installation-howto.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc0c67d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/installation-howto.po
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: installation-howto_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation Howto"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:7
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document describes how to install &debian-gnu; &releasename; for the "
+"&arch-title; (<quote>&architecture;</quote>) with the new &d-i;. It is a "
+"quick walkthrough of the installation process which should contain all the "
+"information you will need for most installs. When more information can be "
+"useful, we will link to more detailed explanations in other parts of this "
+"document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:19
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preliminaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:20
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase condition=\"unofficial-build\"> The debian-installer is still in a "
+"beta state. </phrase> If you encounter bugs during your install, please "
+"refer to <xref linkend=\"submit-bug\"/> for instructions on how to report "
+"them. If you have questions which cannot be answered by this document, "
+"please direct them to the debian-boot mailing list (&email-debian-boot-"
+"list;) or ask on IRC (#debian-boot on the OFTC network)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:36
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting the installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:37
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase condition=\"unofficial-build\"> For some quick links to CD images, "
+"check out the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i;\"> &d-i; home page</ulink>. </phrase> "
+"The debian-cd team provides builds of CD images using &d-i; on the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-debian-cd;\">Debian CD page</ulink>. For more information on "
+"where to get CDs, see <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:47
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some installation methods require other images than CD images. <phrase "
+"condition=\"unofficial-build\"> The <ulink url=\"&url-d-i;\">&d-i; home "
+"page</ulink> has links to other images. </phrase> <xref linkend=\"where-files"
+"\"/> explains how to find images on &debian; mirrors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:57
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The subsections below will give the details about which images you should "
+"get for each possible means of installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:65
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CDROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:67
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The netinst CD image is a popular image which can be used to install "
+"&releasename; with the &d-i;. This image is intended to boot from CD and "
+"install additional packages over a network; hence the name <quote>netinst</"
+"quote>. The image has the software components needed to run the installer "
+"and the base packages to provide a minimal &releasename; system. If you'd "
+"rather, you can get a full size CD image which will not need the network to "
+"install. You only need the first CD of the set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:77
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Download whichever type you prefer and burn it to a CD. <phrase arch=\"any-"
+"x86\">To boot the CD, you may need to change your BIOS configuration, as "
+"explained in <xref linkend=\"bios-setup\"/>.</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc"
+"\"> To boot a PowerMac from CD, press the <keycap>c</keycap> key while "
+"booting. See <xref linkend=\"boot-cd\"/> for other ways to boot from CD. </"
+"phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:91
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "USB memory stick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:92
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It's also possible to install from removable USB storage devices. For "
+"example a USB keychain can make a handy &debian; install medium that you can "
+"take with you anywhere."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download any Debian "
+"CD or DVD image that will fit on it, and write the CD image directly to the "
+"memory stick. Of course this will destroy anything already on the memory "
+"stick. This works because Debian CD images are \"isohybrid\" images that can "
+"boot both from CD and from USB drives."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:106
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download <filename>hd-"
+"media/boot.img.gz</filename>, and use gunzip to extract the 1 GB image from "
+"that file. Write this image directly to your memory stick, which must be at "
+"least 1 GB in size. Of course this will destroy anything already on the "
+"memory stick. Then mount the memory stick, which will now have a FAT "
+"filesystem on it. Next, download a &debian; netinst CD image, and copy that "
+"file to the memory stick; any filename is ok as long as it ends in <literal>."
+"iso</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:117
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are other, more flexible ways to set up a memory stick to use the "
+"debian-installer, and it's possible to get it to work with smaller memory "
+"sticks. For details, see <xref linkend=\"boot-usb-files\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, and some cannot. You may need to "
+"configure your BIOS to enable <quote>USB legacy support</quote>. The boot "
+"device selection menu should show <quote>removable drive</quote> or "
+"<quote>USB-HDD</quote> to get it to boot from the USB device. For helpful "
+"hints and details, see <xref linkend=\"usb-boot-x86\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:131
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Booting Macintosh systems from USB storage devices involves manual use of "
+"Open Firmware. For directions, see <xref linkend=\"usb-boot-powerpc\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:141
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It's also possible to boot &d-i; completely from the net. The various "
+"methods to netboot depend on your architecture and netboot setup. The files "
+"in <filename>netboot/</filename> can be used to netboot &d-i;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:147
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The easiest thing to set up is probably PXE netbooting. Untar the file "
+"<filename>netboot/pxeboot.tar.gz</filename> into <filename>/srv/tftp</"
+"filename> or wherever is appropriate for your tftp server. Set up your DHCP "
+"server to pass filename <filename>pxelinux.0</filename> to clients, and with "
+"luck everything will just work. For detailed instructions, see <xref linkend="
+"\"install-tftp\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:161
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Booting from hard disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:162
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It's possible to boot the installer using no removable media, but just an "
+"existing hard disk, which can have a different OS on it. Download "
+"<filename>hd-media/initrd.gz</filename>, <filename>hd-media/vmlinuz</"
+"filename>, and a &debian; CD image to the top-level directory of the hard "
+"disk. Make sure that the CD image has a filename ending in <literal>.iso</"
+"literal>. Now it's just a matter of booting linux with the initrd. <phrase "
+"arch=\"x86\"> <xref linkend=\"boot-initrd\"/> explains one way to do it. </"
+"phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:179
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:180
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once the installer starts, you will be greeted with an initial screen. Press "
+"&enterkey; to boot, or read the instructions for other boot methods and "
+"parameters (see <xref linkend=\"boot-parms\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:186
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After a while you will be asked to select your language. Use the arrow keys "
+"to pick a language and press &enterkey; to continue. Next you'll be asked to "
+"select your country, with the choices including countries where your "
+"language is spoken. If it's not on the short list, a list of all the "
+"countries in the world is available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You may be asked to confirm your keyboard layout. Choose the default unless "
+"you know better."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:199
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now sit back while debian-installer detects some of your hardware, and loads "
+"the rest of itself from CD, USB, etc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next the installer will try to detect your network hardware and set up "
+"networking by DHCP. If you are not on a network or do not have DHCP, you "
+"will be given the opportunity to configure the network manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:210
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Setting up the network is followed by the creation of user accounts. By "
+"default you are asked to provide a password for the <quote>root</quote> "
+"(administrator) account and information necessary to create one regular user "
+"account. If you do not specify a password for the <quote>root</quote> user, "
+"this account will be disabled but the <command>sudo</command> package will "
+"be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the "
+"new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed "
+"to use the <command>sudo</command> command to become root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The next step is setting up your clock and time zone. The installer will try "
+"to contact a time server on the Internet to ensure the clock is set "
+"correctly. The time zone is based on the country selected earlier and the "
+"installer will only ask to select one if a country has multiple zones."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:228
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now it is time to partition your disks. First you will be given the "
+"opportunity to automatically partition either an entire drive, or available "
+"free space on a drive (see <xref linkend=\"partman-auto\"/>). This is "
+"recommended for new users or anyone in a hurry. If you do not want to "
+"autopartition, choose <guimenuitem>Manual</guimenuitem> from the menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:236
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have an existing DOS or Windows partition that you want to preserve, "
+"be very careful with automatic partitioning. If you choose manual "
+"partitioning, you can use the installer to resize existing FAT or NTFS "
+"partitions to create room for the &debian; install: simply select the "
+"partition and specify its new size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:243
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On the next screen you will see your partition table, how the partitions "
+"will be formatted, and where they will be mounted. Select a partition to "
+"modify or delete it. If you did automatic partitioning, you should just be "
+"able to choose <guimenuitem>Finish partitioning and write changes to disk</"
+"guimenuitem> from the menu to use what it set up. Remember to assign at "
+"least one partition for swap space and to mount a partition on <filename>/</"
+"filename>. For more detailed information on how to use the partitioner, "
+"please refer to <xref linkend=\"di-partition\"/>; the appendix <xref linkend="
+"\"partitioning\"/> has more general information about partitioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:256
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now &d-i; formats your partitions and starts to install the base system, "
+"which can take a while. That is followed by installing a kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:261
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The base system that was installed earlier is a working, but very minimal "
+"installation. To make the system more functional the next step allows you to "
+"install additional packages by selecting tasks. Before packages can be "
+"installed <classname>apt</classname> needs to be configured as that defines "
+"from where the packages will be retrieved. The <quote>Standard system</"
+"quote> task will be selected by default and should normally be installed. "
+"Select the <quote>Desktop environment</quote> task if you would like to have "
+"a graphical desktop after the installation. See <xref linkend=\"pkgsel\"/> "
+"for additional information about this step."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last step is to install a boot loader. If the installer detects other "
+"operating systems on your computer, it will add them to the boot menu and "
+"let you know. <phrase arch=\"any-x86\">By default GRUB will be installed to "
+"the master boot record of the first harddrive, which is generally a good "
+"choice. You'll be given the opportunity to override that choice and install "
+"it elsewhere. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:283
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&d-i; will now tell you that the installation has finished. Remove the cdrom "
+"or other boot media and hit &enterkey; to reboot your machine. It should "
+"boot up into the newly installed system and allow you to log in. This is "
+"explained in <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you need more information on the install process, see <xref linkend=\"d-i-"
+"intro\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:299
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Send us an installation report"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:300
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you successfully managed an installation with &d-i;, please take time to "
+"provide us with a report. The simplest way to do so is to install the "
+"reportbug package (<command>apt install reportbug</command>), configure "
+"<classname>reportbug</classname> as explained in <xref linkend=\"mail-"
+"outgoing\"/>, and run <command>reportbug installation-reports</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:310
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you did not complete the install, you probably found a bug in debian-"
+"installer. To improve the installer it is necessary that we know about them, "
+"so please take the time to report them. You can use an installation report "
+"to report problems; if the install completely fails, see <xref linkend="
+"\"problem-report\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: installation-howto.xml:322
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "And finally&hellip;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: installation-howto.xml:323
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We hope that your &debian; installation is pleasant and that you find "
+"&debian; useful. You might want to read <xref linkend=\"post-install\"/>."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/partitioning.po b/po/uk/partitioning.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86f234204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/partitioning.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1098 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: partioning_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning for &debian;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:13
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Deciding on &debian; Partitions and Sizes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:14
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At a bare minimum, GNU/&arch-kernel; needs one partition for itself. You can "
+"have a single partition containing the entire operating system, "
+"applications, and your personal files. Most people feel that a separate swap "
+"partition is also a necessity, although it's not strictly true. <quote>Swap</"
+"quote> is scratch space for an operating system, which allows the system to "
+"use disk storage as <quote>virtual memory</quote>. By putting swap on a "
+"separate partition, &arch-kernel; can make much more efficient use of it. It "
+"is possible to force &arch-kernel; to use a regular file as swap, but it is "
+"not recommended."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:26
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most people choose to give GNU/&arch-kernel; more than the minimum number of "
+"partitions, however. There are two reasons you might want to break up the "
+"file system into a number of smaller partitions. The first is for safety. If "
+"something happens to corrupt the file system, generally only one partition "
+"is affected. Thus, you only have to replace (from the backups you've been "
+"carefully keeping) a portion of your system. At a bare minimum, you should "
+"consider creating what is commonly called a <quote>root partition</quote>. "
+"This contains the most essential components of the system. If any other "
+"partitions get corrupted, you can still boot into GNU/&arch-kernel; to fix "
+"the system. This can save you the trouble of having to reinstall the system "
+"from scratch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:40
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The second reason is generally more important in a business setting, but it "
+"really depends on your use of the machine. For example, a mail server "
+"getting spammed with e-mail can easily fill a partition. If you made "
+"<filename>/var/mail</filename> a separate partition on the mail server, most "
+"of the system will remain working even if you get spammed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:48
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The only real drawback to using more partitions is that it is often "
+"difficult to know in advance what your needs will be. If you make a "
+"partition too small then you will either have to reinstall the system or you "
+"will be constantly moving things around to make room in the undersized "
+"partition. On the other hand, if you make the partition too big, you will be "
+"wasting space that could be used elsewhere. Disk space is cheap nowadays, "
+"but why throw your money away?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:67
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The Directory Tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian-gnu; adheres to the <ulink url=\"&url-fhs-home;\">Filesystem "
+"Hierarchy Standard</ulink> for directory and file naming. This standard "
+"allows users and software programs to predict the location of files and "
+"directories. The root level directory is represented simply by the slash "
+"<filename>/</filename>. At the root level, all &debian; systems include "
+"these directories:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:82
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:82
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:88
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>bin</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:89
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Essential command binaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:91
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "boot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:92
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Static files of the boot loader"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:94
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>dev</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:95
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Device files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:97
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>etc</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Host-specific system configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:100
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:101
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "User home directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:103
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>lib</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Essential shared libraries and kernel modules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:106
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "media"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Contains mount points for replaceable media"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>mnt</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:110
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mount point for mounting a file system temporarily"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:112
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "proc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:113 partitioning.xml:125
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Virtual directory for system information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:115
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:116
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Home directory for the root user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:118
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>run</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Run-time variable data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:121
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sbin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Essential system binaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:124
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>sys</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:127
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>tmp</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:128
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Temporary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:130
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>usr</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:131
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Secondary hierarchy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:133
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>var</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Variable data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:136
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>srv</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:137
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Data for services provided by the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: partitioning.xml:139
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>opt</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: partitioning.xml:140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Add-on application software packages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:145
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following is a list of important considerations regarding directories "
+"and partitions. Note that disk usage varies widely given system "
+"configuration and specific usage patterns. The recommendations here are "
+"general guidelines and provide a starting point for partitioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The root partition <filename>/</filename> must always physically contain "
+"<filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>/bin</filename>, <filename>/sbin</"
+"filename>, <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>/dev</filename>, "
+"otherwise you won't be able to boot. Typically &root-system-size-min;&ndash;"
+"&root-system-size-max;MB is needed for the root partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:164
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/usr</filename>: contains all user programs (<filename>/usr/bin</"
+"filename>), libraries (<filename>/usr/lib</filename>), documentation "
+"(<filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>), etc. This is the part of the file "
+"system that generally takes up most space. You should provide at least 500MB "
+"of disk space. This amount should be increased depending on the number and "
+"type of packages you plan to install. A generous workstation or server "
+"installation should allow 4&ndash;6GB."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:177
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is now recommended to have <filename>/usr</filename> on the root "
+"partition <filename>/</filename>, otherwise it could cause some trouble at "
+"boot time. This means that you should provide at least 600&ndash;750MB of "
+"disk space for the root partition including <filename>/usr</filename>, or "
+"5&ndash;6GB for a workstation or a server installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/var</filename>: variable data like news articles, e-mails, web "
+"sites, databases, the packaging system cache, etc. will be placed under this "
+"directory. The size of this directory depends greatly on the usage of your "
+"system, but for most people will be dictated by the package management "
+"tool's overhead. If you are going to do a full installation of just about "
+"everything &debian; has to offer, all in one session, setting aside 2 or 3 "
+"GB of space for <filename>/var</filename> should be sufficient. If you are "
+"going to install in pieces (that is to say, install services and utilities, "
+"followed by text stuff, then X, ...), you can get away with 300&ndash;500 "
+"MB. If hard drive space is at a premium and you don't plan on doing major "
+"system updates, you can get by with as little as 30 or 40 MB."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:203
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/tmp</filename>: temporary data created by programs will most "
+"likely go in this directory. 40&ndash;100MB should usually be enough. Some "
+"applications &mdash; including archive manipulators, CD/DVD authoring tools, "
+"and multimedia software &mdash; may use <filename>/tmp</filename> to "
+"temporarily store image files. If you plan to use such applications, you "
+"should adjust the space available in <filename>/tmp</filename> accordingly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:214
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/home</filename>: every user will put his personal data into a "
+"subdirectory of this directory. Its size depends on how many users will be "
+"using the system and what files are to be stored in their directories. "
+"Depending on your planned usage you should reserve about 100MB for each "
+"user, but adapt this value to your needs. Reserve a lot more space if you "
+"plan to save a lot of multimedia files (pictures, MP3, movies) in your home "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:235
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Recommended Partitioning Scheme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:236
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For new users, personal &debian; boxes, home systems, and other single-user "
+"setups, a single <filename>/</filename> partition (plus swap) is probably "
+"the easiest, simplest way to go. The recommended partition type is ext4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:243
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For multi-user systems or systems with lots of disk space, it's best to put "
+"<filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, and <filename>/home</"
+"filename> each on their own partitions separate from the <filename>/</"
+"filename> partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:251
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You might need a separate <filename>/usr/local</filename> partition if you "
+"plan to install many programs that are not part of the &debian; "
+"distribution. If your machine will be a mail server, you might need to make "
+"<filename>/var/mail</filename> a separate partition. If you are setting up a "
+"server with lots of user accounts, it's generally good to have a separate, "
+"large <filename>/home</filename> partition. In general, the partitioning "
+"situation varies from computer to computer depending on its uses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:262
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For very complex systems, you should see the <ulink url=\"&url-multidisk-"
+"howto;\"> Multi Disk HOWTO</ulink>. This contains in-depth information, "
+"mostly of interest to ISPs and people setting up servers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:269
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"With respect to the issue of swap partition size, there are many views. One "
+"rule of thumb which works well is to use as much swap as you have system "
+"memory. It also shouldn't be smaller than 512MB, in most cases. Of course, "
+"there are exceptions to these rules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:276
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As an example, an older home machine might have 512MB of RAM and a 20GB SATA "
+"drive on <filename>/dev/sda</filename>. There might be a 8GB partition for "
+"another operating system on <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>, a 512MB swap "
+"partition on <filename>/dev/sda3</filename> and about 11.4GB on <filename>/"
+"dev/sda2</filename> as the Linux partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For an idea of the space taken by tasks you might be interested in adding "
+"after your system installation is complete, check <xref linkend=\"tasksel-"
+"size-list\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:301
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Device Names in Linux"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:302
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux disks and partition names may be different from other operating "
+"systems. You need to know the names that Linux uses when you create and "
+"mount partitions. Here's the basic naming scheme:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:310
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The first hard disk detected is named <filename>/dev/sda</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:315
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The second hard disk detected is named <filename>/dev/sdb</filename>, and so "
+"on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:321
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The first SCSI CD-ROM is named <filename>/dev/scd0</filename>, also known as "
+"<filename>/dev/sr0</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:330
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The first DASD device is named <filename>/dev/dasda</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:336
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The second DASD device is named <filename>/dev/dasdb</filename>, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:344
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The partitions on each disk are represented by appending a decimal number to "
+"the disk name: <filename>sda1</filename> and <filename>sda2</filename> "
+"represent the first and second partitions of the first SCSI disk drive in "
+"your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:351
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here is a real-life example. Let's assume you have a system with 2 SCSI "
+"disks, one at SCSI address 2 and the other at SCSI address 4. The first disk "
+"(at address 2) is then named <filename>sda</filename>, and the second "
+"<filename>sdb</filename>. If the <filename>sda</filename> drive has 3 "
+"partitions on it, these will be named <filename>sda1</filename>, "
+"<filename>sda2</filename>, and <filename>sda3</filename>. The same applies "
+"to the <filename>sdb</filename> disk and its partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:362
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that if you have two SCSI host bus adapters (i.e., controllers), the "
+"order of the drives can get confusing. The best solution in this case is to "
+"watch the boot messages, assuming you know the drive models and/or "
+"capacities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:369
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux represents the primary partitions as the drive name, plus the numbers "
+"1 through 4. For example, the first primary partition on the first drive is "
+"<filename>/dev/sda1</filename>. The logical partitions are numbered starting "
+"at 5, so the first logical partition on that same drive is <filename>/dev/"
+"sda5</filename>. Remember that the extended partition, that is, the primary "
+"partition holding the logical partitions, is not usable by itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:379
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Sun disk partitions allow for 8 separate partitions (or slices). The third "
+"partition is usually (and is preferred to have) the <quote>Whole Disk</"
+"quote> partition. This partition references all of the sectors of the disk, "
+"and is used by the boot loader (either SILO, or Sun's)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:386
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The partitions on each disk are represented by appending a decimal number to "
+"the disk name: <filename>dasda1</filename> and <filename>dasda2</filename> "
+"represent the first and second partitions of the first DASD device in your "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:401
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian; Partitioning Programs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:402
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Several varieties of partitioning programs have been adapted by &debian; "
+"developers to work on various types of hard disks and computer "
+"architectures. Following is a list of the program(s) applicable for your "
+"architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:415
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Recommended partitioning tool in &debian;. This Swiss army knife can also "
+"resize partitions, create filesystems <phrase arch=\"any-x86\"> "
+"(<quote>format</quote> in Windows speak)</phrase> and assign them to the "
+"mountpoints."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:427
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The original Linux disk partitioner, good for gurus."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:431
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Be careful if you have existing FreeBSD partitions on your machine. The "
+"installation kernels include support for these partitions, but the way that "
+"<command>fdisk</command> represents them (or not) can make the device names "
+"differ. See the <ulink url=\"&url-linux-freebsd;\">Linux+FreeBSD HOWTO</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:444
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "A simple-to-use, full-screen disk partitioner for the rest of us."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:448
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that <command>cfdisk</command> doesn't understand FreeBSD partitions at "
+"all, and, again, device names may differ as a result."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:458
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Atari-aware version of <command>fdisk</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:467
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Amiga-aware version of <command>fdisk</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:476
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mac-aware version of <command>fdisk</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:485
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"PowerMac-aware version of <command>fdisk</command>, also used by BVM and "
+"Motorola VMEbus systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:495
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&arch-title; version of <command>fdisk</command>; Please read the fdasd "
+"manual page or chapter 13 in <ulink url=\"http://oss.software.ibm.com/"
+"developerworks/opensource/linux390/docu/l390dd08.pdf\"> Device Drivers and "
+"Installation Commands</ulink> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:506
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One of these programs will be run by default when you select "
+"<guimenuitem>Partition disks</guimenuitem> (or similar). It may be possible "
+"to use a different partitioning tool from the command line on VT2, but this "
+"is not recommended."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:513
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Remember to mark your boot partition as <quote>Bootable</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:516
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One key point when partitioning for Mac type disks is that the swap "
+"partition is identified by its name; it must be named <quote>swap</quote>. "
+"All Mac linux partitions are the same partition type, Apple_UNIX_SRV2. "
+"Please read the fine manual. We also suggest reading the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"mac-fdisk-tutorial;\">mac-fdisk Tutorial</ulink>, which includes steps you "
+"should take if you are sharing your disk with MacOS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:532 partitioning.xml:556 partitioning.xml:652
+#: partitioning.xml:766 partitioning.xml:843
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning for &arch-title;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:533
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"PALO, the HPPA boot loader, requires a partition of type <quote>F0</quote> "
+"somewhere in the first 2GB. This is where the boot loader and an optional "
+"kernel and RAMdisk will be stored, so make it big enough for that &mdash; at "
+"least 4Mb (I like 8&ndash;16MB). An additional requirement of the firmware "
+"is that the Linux kernel must reside within the first 2GB of the disk. This "
+"is typically achieved by making the root ext2 partition fit entirely within "
+"the first 2GB of the disk. Alternatively you can create a small ext2 "
+"partition near the start of the disk and mount that on <filename>/boot</"
+"filename>, since that is the directory where the Linux kernel(s) will be "
+"stored. <filename>/boot</filename> needs to be big enough to hold whatever "
+"kernels (and backups) you might wish to load; 25&ndash;50MB is generally "
+"sufficient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:557
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have an existing other operating system such as DOS or Windows and "
+"you want to preserve that operating system while installing &debian;, you "
+"may need to resize its partition to free up space for the &debian; "
+"installation. The installer supports resizing of both FAT and NTFS "
+"filesystems; when you get to the installer's partitioning step, select the "
+"option <guimenuitem>Manual</guimenuitem> and then simply select an existing "
+"partition and change its size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:567
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The PC BIOS generally adds additional constraints for disk partitioning. "
+"There is a limit to how many <quote>primary</quote> and <quote>logical</"
+"quote> partitions a drive can contain. Additionally, with pre 1994&ndash;98 "
+"BIOSes, there are limits to where on the drive the BIOS can boot from. More "
+"information can be found in the <ulink url=\"&url-partition-howto;\">Linux "
+"Partition HOWTO</ulink>, but this section will include a brief overview to "
+"help you plan most situations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:577
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Primary</quote> partitions are the original partitioning scheme for "
+"PC disks. However, there can only be four of them. To get past this "
+"limitation, <quote>extended</quote> and <quote>logical</quote> partitions "
+"were invented. By setting one of your primary partitions as an extended "
+"partition, you can subdivide all the space allocated to that partition into "
+"logical partitions. You can create up to 60 logical partitions per extended "
+"partition; however, you can only have one extended partition per drive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux limits the partitions per drive to 255 partitions for SCSI disks (3 "
+"usable primary partitions, 252 logical partitions), and 63 partitions on an "
+"IDE drive (3 usable primary partitions, 60 logical partitions). However the "
+"normal &debian-gnu; system provides only 20 devices for partitions, so you "
+"may not install on partitions higher than 20 unless you first manually "
+"create devices for those partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:598
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a large IDE disk, and are using neither LBA addressing, nor "
+"overlay drivers (sometimes provided by hard disk manufacturers), then the "
+"boot partition (the partition containing your kernel image) must be placed "
+"within the first 1024 cylinders of your hard drive (usually around 524 "
+"megabytes, without BIOS translation)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:606
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This restriction doesn't apply if you have a BIOS newer than around "
+"1995&ndash;98 (depending on the manufacturer) that supports the "
+"<quote>Enhanced Disk Drive Support Specification</quote>. Both Lilo, the "
+"Linux loader, and &debian;'s alternative <command>mbr</command> must use the "
+"BIOS to read the kernel from the disk into RAM. If the BIOS int 0x13 large "
+"disk access extensions are found to be present, they will be utilized. "
+"Otherwise, the legacy disk access interface is used as a fall-back, and it "
+"cannot be used to address any location on the disk higher than the 1023rd "
+"cylinder. Once &arch-kernel; is booted, no matter what BIOS your computer "
+"has, these restrictions no longer apply, since &arch-kernel; does not use "
+"the BIOS for disk access."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:620
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a large disk, you might have to use cylinder translation "
+"techniques, which you can set from your BIOS setup program, such as LBA "
+"(Logical Block Addressing) or CHS translation mode (<quote>Large</quote>). "
+"More information about issues with large disks can be found in the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-large-disk-howto;\">Large Disk HOWTO</ulink>. If you are using a "
+"cylinder translation scheme, and the BIOS does not support the large disk "
+"access extensions, then your boot partition has to fit within the "
+"<emphasis>translated</emphasis> representation of the 1024th cylinder."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:632
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The recommended way of accomplishing this is to create a small "
+"(25&ndash;50MB should suffice) partition at the beginning of the disk to be "
+"used as the boot partition, and then create whatever other partitions you "
+"wish to have, in the remaining area. This boot partition <emphasis>must</"
+"emphasis> be mounted on <filename>/boot</filename>, since that is the "
+"directory where the &arch-kernel; kernel(s) will be stored. This "
+"configuration will work on any system, regardless of whether LBA or large "
+"disk CHS translation is used, and regardless of whether your BIOS supports "
+"the large disk access extensions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:653
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <command>partman</command> disk partitioner is the default partitioning "
+"tool for the installer. It manages the set of partitions and their mount "
+"points to ensure that the disks and filesystems are properly configured for "
+"a successful installation. It actually uses <command>parted</command> to do "
+"the on-disk partitioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:665
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "EFI Recognized Formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:666
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The IA-64 EFI firmware supports two partition table (or disk label) formats, "
+"GPT and MS-DOS. MS-DOS, the format typically used on i386 PCs, is no longer "
+"recommended for IA-64 systems. Although the installer also provides "
+"<command>cfdisk</command>, you should only use <ulink url=\"parted.txt\"> "
+"<command>parted</command></ulink> because only it can manage both GPT and MS-"
+"DOS tables correctly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:678
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The automatic partitioning recipes for <command>partman</command> allocate "
+"an EFI partition as the first partition on the disk. You can also set up the "
+"partition under the <guimenuitem>Guided partitioning</guimenuitem> from the "
+"main menu in a manner similar to setting up a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> "
+"partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:686
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <command>partman</command> partitioner will handle most disk layouts. "
+"For those rare cases where it is necessary to manually set up a disk, you "
+"can use the shell as described above and run the <command>parted</command> "
+"utility directly using its command line interface. Assuming that you want to "
+"erase your whole disk and create a GPT table and some partitions, then "
+"something similar to the following command sequence could be used: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+" mklabel gpt\n"
+" mkpartfs primary fat 0 50\n"
+" mkpartfs primary linux-swap 51 1000\n"
+" mkpartfs primary ext2 1001 3000\n"
+" set 1 boot on\n"
+" print\n"
+" quit\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> This creates a new partition table, and three "
+"partitions to be used as an EFI boot partition, swap space, and a root file "
+"system. Finally it sets the boot flag on the EFI partition. Partitions are "
+"specified in Megabytes, with start and end offsets from the beginning of the "
+"disk. So, for example, above we created a 1999MB ext2 file system starting "
+"at offset 1001MB from the start of the disk. Note that formatting swap space "
+"with <command>parted</command> can take a few minutes to complete, as it "
+"scans the partition for bad blocks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:711
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot Loader Partition Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:712
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"ELILO, the IA-64 boot loader, requires a partition containing a FAT file "
+"system with the <userinput>boot</userinput> flag set. The partition must be "
+"big enough to hold the boot loader and any kernels or RAMdisks you may wish "
+"to boot. A minimum size would be about 20MB, but if you expect to run with "
+"multiple kernels, then 128MB might be a better size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:721
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EFI Boot Manager and the EFI Shell fully support the GPT table so the "
+"boot partition does not necessarily have to be the first partition or even "
+"on the same disk. This is convenient if you should forget to allocate the "
+"partition and only find out after you have formatted the other partitions on "
+"your disk(s). The <command>partman</command> partitioner checks for an EFI "
+"partition at the same time it checks for a properly set up <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> partition. This gives you an opportunity to correct the disk "
+"layout before the package install begins. The easiest way to correct this "
+"omission is to shrink the last partition of the disk to make enough free "
+"space for adding an EFI partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:736
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is strongly recommended that you allocate the EFI boot partition on the "
+"same disk as the <emphasis>root</emphasis> filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:744
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "EFI Diagnostic Partitions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:745
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EFI firmware is significantly more sophisticated than the usual BIOS "
+"seen on most x86 PCs. Some system vendors take advantage of the ability of "
+"the EFI to access files and run programs from a hard disk filesystem to "
+"store diagnostics and EFI based system management utilities on the hard "
+"disk. This is a separate FAT format filesystem on the system disk. Consult "
+"the system documentation and accessories that come with the system for "
+"details. The easiest time to set up a diagnostics partition is at the same "
+"time you set up the EFI boot partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:767
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"SGI machines require an SGI disk label in order to make the system bootable "
+"from hard disk. It can be created in the fdisk expert menu. The thereby "
+"created volume header (partition number 9) should be at least 3MB large. If "
+"the volume header created is too small, you can simply delete partition "
+"number 9 and re-add it with a different size. Note that the volume header "
+"must start at sector 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: partitioning.xml:784
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning Newer PowerMacs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:785
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing onto a NewWorld PowerMac you must create a special "
+"bootstrap partition to hold the boot loader. The size of this partition must "
+"have at least 819200 bytes and its partition type must be "
+"<emphasis>Apple_Bootstrap</emphasis>. If the bootstrap partition is not "
+"created with the <emphasis>Apple_Bootstrap</emphasis> type your machine "
+"cannot be made bootable from the hard disk. This partition can easily be "
+"created by creating a new partition in <command>partman</command> and "
+"telling it to use it as a <quote>NewWorld boot partition</quote>, or in "
+"<command>mac-fdisk</command> using the <userinput>b</userinput> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:798
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The special partition type Apple_Bootstrap is required to prevent MacOS from "
+"mounting and damaging the bootstrap partition, as there are special "
+"modifications made to it in order for OpenFirmware to boot it automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:805
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the bootstrap partition is only meant to hold 3 very small files: "
+"the <command>yaboot</command> binary, its configuration <filename>yaboot."
+"conf</filename>, and a first stage OpenFirmware loader <command>ofboot.b</"
+"command>. It need not and must not be mounted on your file system nor have "
+"kernels or anything else copied to it. The <command>ybin</command> and "
+"<command>mkofboot</command> utilities are used to manipulate this partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:815
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian-gnu; the bootstrap "
+"partition should appear before other boot partitions on the disk, especially "
+"MacOS boot partitions. The bootstrap partition should be the first one you "
+"create. However, if you add a bootstrap partition later, you can use "
+"<command>mac-fdisk</command>'s <userinput>r</userinput> command to reorder "
+"the partition map so the bootstrap partition comes right after the map "
+"(which is always partition 1). It's the logical map order, not the physical "
+"address order, that counts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:827
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Apple disks normally have several small driver partitions. If you intend to "
+"dual boot your machine with MacOSX, you should retain these partitions and a "
+"small HFS partition (800k is the minimum size). That is because MacOSX, on "
+"every boot, offers to initialize any disks which do not have active MacOS "
+"partitions and driver partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:844
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Make sure you create a <quote>Sun disk label</quote> on your boot disk. This "
+"is the only kind of partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, and "
+"so it's the only scheme from which you can boot. The <keycap>s</keycap> key "
+"is used in <command>fdisk</command> to create Sun disk labels."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:852
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Furthermore, on &arch-title; disks, make sure your first partition on your "
+"boot disk starts at cylinder 0. While this is required, it also means that "
+"the first partition will contain the partition table and the boot block, "
+"which are the first two sectors of the disk. You must <emphasis>not</"
+"emphasis> put swap on the first partition of the boot drive, since swap "
+"partitions do not preserve the first few sectors of the partition. You can "
+"put Ext2 or UFS partitions there; these will leave the partition table and "
+"the boot block alone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: partitioning.xml:863
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is also advised that the third partition should be of type <quote>Whole "
+"disk</quote> (type 5), and contain the entire disk (from the first cylinder "
+"to the last). This is simply a convention of Sun disk labels, and helps the "
+"<command>SILO</command> boot loader keep its bearings."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/post-install.po b/po/uk/post-install.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..345e2db96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/post-install.po
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: post-install_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Next Steps and Where to Go From Here"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:13
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Shutting down the system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:15
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To shut down a running &debian-gnu; system, you must not reboot with the "
+"reset switch on the front or back of your computer, or just turn off the "
+"computer. &debian-gnu; should be shut down in a controlled manner, otherwise "
+"files might get lost and/or disk damage might occur. If you run a desktop "
+"environment, there is usually an option to <quote>log out</quote> available "
+"from the application menu that allows you to shutdown (or reboot) the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:25
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively you can press the key combination <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</"
+"keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Del</keycap> </keycombo> <phrase arch="
+"\"powerpc\"> or <keycombo> <keycap>Control</keycap> <keycap>Shift</keycap> "
+"<keycap>Power</keycap> </keycombo> on Macintosh systems</phrase>. If the key "
+"combinations do not work, a last option is to log in as root and type the "
+"necessary commands. Use <command>reboot</command> to reboot the system. Use "
+"<command>halt</command> to halt the system without powering it off "
+"<footnote> <para> Under the SysV init system <command>halt</command> had the "
+"same effect as <command>poweroff</command>, but with systemd as init system "
+"(the default since jessie) their effects are different. </para> </footnote>. "
+"To power off the machine, use <command>poweroff</command> or "
+"<command>shutdown -h now</command>. The systemd init system provides "
+"additional commands that perform the same functions; for example "
+"<command>systemctl reboot</command> or <command>systemctl poweroff</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:60
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Orienting Yourself to &debian;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:61
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're "
+"familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you should know "
+"about &debian; to help you to keep your system in a good, clean state. This "
+"chapter contains material to help you get oriented; it is not intended to be "
+"a tutorial for how to use &debian;, but just a very brief glimpse of the "
+"system for the very rushed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:72
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&debian; Packaging System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:73
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The most important concept to grasp is the &debian; packaging system. In "
+"essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control "
+"of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> "
+"<filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </"
+"para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make "
+"<filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> "
+"<listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </"
+"itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</"
+"filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</"
+"classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get "
+"around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</"
+"command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:114
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line "
+"version of <command>apt</command> as well as tools like "
+"<application>aptitude</application> or <application>synaptic</application> "
+"(which are just graphical frontends for <command>apt</command>). Note that "
+"apt will also let you merge main, contrib, and non-free so you can have "
+"restricted packages (strictly speaking not belonging to &debian;) as well as "
+"packages from &debian-gnu; at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:128
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Additional Software Available for &debian;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are official and unofficial software repositories that are not enabled "
+"in the default &debian; install. These contain software which many find "
+"important and expect to have. Information on these additional repositories "
+"can be found on the &debian; Wiki page titled <ulink url=\"&url-debian-wiki-"
+"software;\">The Software Available for &debian;'s Stable Release</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:141
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Application Version Management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:142
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If "
+"you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-"
+"alternatives man page."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:152
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Cron Job Management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:153
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in "
+"<filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a "
+"root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/"
+"cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/"
+"etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:162
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special "
+"user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either "
+"<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/"
+"whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that "
+"allows you to stipulate the user account under which the cron job runs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:171
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them "
+"automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more "
+"information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/"
+"README.Debian</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:186
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Further Reading and Information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian web site</ulink> contains a "
+"large quantity of documentation about &debian;. In particular, see the "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> "
+"and the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference"
+"\">Debian Reference</ulink>. An index of more &debian; documentation is "
+"available from the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian "
+"Documentation Project</ulink>. The &debian; community is self-supporting; to "
+"subscribe to one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the <ulink url="
+"\"http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</"
+"ulink> page. Last, but not least, the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/"
+"\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> contain a wealth of information on "
+"&debian;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:205
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you need information about a particular program, you should first try "
+"<userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or "
+"<userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:211
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There is lots of useful documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> "
+"as well. In particular, <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename> and "
+"<filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</filename> contain lots of interesting "
+"information. To submit bugs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</"
+"filename>. To read about &debian;-specific issues for particular programs, "
+"look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:222
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"tldp.org/\">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There you will find the "
+"HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/"
+"Linux system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux is an implementation of Unix. The <ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux "
+"Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink> collects a number of HOWTOs and online "
+"books relating to Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:236
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and do "
+"some reading. This <ulink url=\"&url-unix-faq;\">list of Unix FAQs</ulink> "
+"contains a number of UseNet documents which provide a nice historical "
+"reference."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:251
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting Up Your System To Use E-Mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:252
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Today, email is an important part of many people's life. As there are many "
+"options as to how to set it up, and as having it set up correctly is "
+"important for some &debian; utilities, we will try to cover the basics in "
+"this section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:259
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are three main functions that make up an e-mail system. First there is "
+"the <firstterm>Mail User Agent</firstterm> (MUA) which is the program a user "
+"actually uses to compose and read mails. Then there is the <firstterm>Mail "
+"Transfer Agent</firstterm> (MTA) that takes care of transferring messages "
+"from one computer to another. And last there is the <firstterm>Mail Delivery "
+"Agent</firstterm> (MDA) that takes care of delivering incoming mail to the "
+"user's inbox."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:269
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These three functions can be performed by separate programs, but they can "
+"also be combined in one or two programs. It is also possible to have "
+"different programs handle these functions for different types of mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On Linux and Unix systems <command>mutt</command> is historically a very "
+"popular MUA. Like most traditional Linux programs it is text based. It is "
+"often used in combination with <command>exim</command> or <command>sendmail</"
+"command> as MTA and <command>procmail</command> as MDA."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:282
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"With the increasing popularity of graphical desktop systems, the use of "
+"graphical e-mail programs like GNOME's <command>evolution</command>, KDE's "
+"<command>kmail</command> or Mozilla's <command>thunderbird</command> has "
+"becoming more popular. These programs combine the function of a MUA, MTA and "
+"MDA, but can &mdash; and often are &mdash; also be used in combination with "
+"the traditional Linux tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:294
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Default E-Mail Configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:295
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Even if you are planning to use a graphical mail program, it would be "
+"useful, to have a traditional MTA/MDA installed and correctly set up on your "
+"&debian-gnu; system. Reason is that various utilities running on the "
+"system<footnote> <para> Examples are: <command>cron</command>, "
+"<command>quota</command>, <command>logcheck</command>, <command>aide</"
+"command>, &hellip; </para> </footnote> can send important notices by e-mail "
+"to inform the system administrator of (potential) problems or changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:310
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For this you can install <classname>exim4</classname> and <classname>mutt</"
+"classname> with <command>apt install exim4 mutt</command>. <classname>exim4</"
+"classname> is a combination MTA/MDA that is relatively small but very "
+"flexible. By default it will be configured to only handle e-mail local to "
+"the system itself and e-mails addressed to the system administrator (root "
+"account) will be delivered to the regular user account created during the "
+"installation<footnote> <para> The forwarding of mail for root to the regular "
+"user account is configured in <filename>/etc/aliases</filename>. If no "
+"regular user account was created, the mail will of course be delivered to "
+"the root account itself. </para> </footnote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:328
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When system e-mails are delivered they are added to a file in <filename>/var/"
+"mail/<replaceable>account_name</replaceable></filename>. The e-mails can be "
+"read using <command>mutt</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:338
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sending E-Mails Outside The System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As mentioned earlier, the installed &debian; system is only set up to handle "
+"e-mail local to the system, not for sending mail to others nor for receiving "
+"mail from others."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:345
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you would like <classname>exim4</classname> to handle external e-mail, "
+"please refer to the next subsection for the basic available configuration "
+"options. Make sure to test that mail can be sent and received correctly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:351
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you intend to use a graphical mail program and use a mail server of your "
+"Internet Service Provider (ISP) or your company, there is not really any "
+"need to configure <classname>exim4</classname> for handling external e-mail. "
+"Just configure your favorite graphical mail program to use the correct "
+"servers to send and receive e-mail (how is outside the scope of this manual)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:360
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"However, in that case you may need to configure individual utilities to "
+"correctly send e-mails. One such utility is <command>reportbug</command>, a "
+"program that facilitates submitting bug reports against &debian; packages. "
+"By default it expects to be able to use <classname>exim4</classname> to "
+"submit bug reports."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To correctly set up <command>reportbug</command> to use an external mail "
+"server, please run the command <command>reportbug --configure</command> and "
+"answer <quote>no</quote> to the question if an MTA is available. You will "
+"then be asked for the SMTP server to be used for submitting bug reports."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:379
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Exim4 Mail Transport Agent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you would like your system to also handle external e-mail, you will need "
+"to reconfigure the <classname>exim4</classname> package<footnote> <para> You "
+"can of course also remove <classname>exim4</classname> and replace it with "
+"an alternative MTA/MDA. </para> </footnote>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: post-install.xml:392
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:394
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After entering that command (as root), you will be asked if you want split "
+"the configuration into small files. If you are unsure, select the default "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:400
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next you will be presented with several common mail scenarios. Choose the "
+"one that most closely resembles your needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: post-install.xml:409
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "internet site"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:410
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your system is connected to a network and your mail is sent and received "
+"directly using SMTP. On the following screens you will be asked a few basic "
+"questions, like your machine's mail name, or a list of domains for which you "
+"accept or relay mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: post-install.xml:421
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mail sent by smarthost"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:422
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In this scenario your outgoing mail is forwarded to another machine, called "
+"a <quote>smarthost</quote>, which takes care of sending the message on to "
+"its destination. The smarthost also usually stores incoming mail addressed "
+"to your computer, so you don't need to be permanently online. That also "
+"means you have to download your mail from the smarthost via programs like "
+"fetchmail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:432
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In a lot of cases the smarthost will be your ISP's mail server, which makes "
+"this option very suitable for dial-up users. It can also be a company mail "
+"server, or even another system on your own network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: post-install.xml:442
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mail sent by smarthost; no local mail"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:443
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This option is basically the same as the previous one except that the system "
+"will not be set up to handle mail for a local e-mail domain. Mail on the "
+"system itself (e.g. for the system administrator) will still be handled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: post-install.xml:454
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "local delivery only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:455
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This is the option your system is configured for by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: post-install.xml:463
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "no configuration at this time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:464
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Choose this if you are absolutely convinced you know what you are doing. "
+"This will leave you with an unconfigured mail system &mdash; until you "
+"configure it, you won't be able to send or receive any mail and you may miss "
+"some important messages from your system utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:475
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If none of these scenarios suits your needs, or if you need a finer grained "
+"setup, you will need to edit configuration files under the <filename>/etc/"
+"exim4</filename> directory after the installation is complete. More "
+"information about <classname>exim4</classname> may be found under <filename>/"
+"usr/share/doc/exim4</filename>; the file <filename>README.Debian.gz</"
+"filename> has further details about configuring <classname>exim4</classname> "
+"and explains where to find additional documentation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:486
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that sending mail directly to the Internet when you don't have an "
+"official domain name, can result in your mail being rejected because of anti-"
+"spam measures on receiving servers. Using your ISP's mail server is "
+"preferred. If you still do want to send out mail directly, you may want to "
+"use a different e-mail address than is generated by default. If you use "
+"<classname>exim4</classname> as your MTA, this is possible by adding an "
+"entry in <filename>/etc/email-addresses</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:504
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Compiling a New Kernel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:505
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is most probably not "
+"necessary since the default kernel shipped with &debian; handles almost all "
+"configurations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:511
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to compile your own kernel nevertheless, this is of course "
+"possible and we recommend the use of the <quote>make deb-pkg</quote> target. "
+"For more information read the <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-handbook;\">Debian "
+"Linux Kernel Handbook</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: post-install.xml:526
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Recovering a Broken System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:527
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no "
+"longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying "
+"out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps "
+"cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in <filename>/sbin/init</"
+"filename>. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to have a system to work "
+"from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To access rescue mode, select <userinput>rescue</userinput> from the boot "
+"menu, type <userinput>rescue</userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> "
+"prompt, or boot with the <userinput>rescue/enable=true</userinput> boot "
+"parameter. You'll be shown the first few screens of the installer, with a "
+"note in the corner of the display to indicate that this is rescue mode, not "
+"a full installation. Don't worry, your system is not about to be "
+"overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes advantage of the hardware detection "
+"facilities available in the installer to ensure that your disks, network "
+"devices, and so on are available to you while repairing your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:554
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of "
+"the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, "
+"you should select the partition containing the root file system that you "
+"need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as "
+"those created directly on disks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:562
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the "
+"file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary "
+"repairs. <phrase arch=\"any-x86\"> For example, if you need to reinstall the "
+"GRUB boot loader into the master boot record of the first hard disk, you "
+"could enter the command <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput> to do "
+"so. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:574
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you "
+"selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a "
+"warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. "
+"You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will "
+"often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you "
+"selected will be mounted on the <filename>/target</filename> directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:583
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: post-install.xml:587
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this "
+"manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong "
+"or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/preface.po b/po/uk/preface.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c39738380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/preface.po
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: preface_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preface.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; &release; for &architecture;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preface.xml:6
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We are delighted that you have decided to try &debian;, and are sure that "
+"you will find that &debian;'s GNU/&arch-kernel; distribution is unique. "
+"&debian-gnu; brings together high-quality free software from around the "
+"world, integrating it into a coherent whole. We believe that you will find "
+"that the result is truly more than the sum of the parts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preface.xml:15
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We understand that many of you want to install &debian; without reading this "
+"manual, and the &debian; installer is designed to make this possible. If you "
+"don't have time to read the whole Installation Guide right now, we recommend "
+"that you read the Installation Howto, which will walk you through the basic "
+"installation process, and links to the manual for more advanced topics or "
+"for when things go wrong. The Installation Howto can be found in <xref "
+"linkend=\"installation-howto\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preface.xml:25
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"With that said, we hope that you have the time to read most of this manual, "
+"and doing so will lead to a more informed and likely more successful "
+"installation experience."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/preparing.po b/po/uk/preparing.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3df7a129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/preparing.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2324 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: preparing_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Before Installing &debian-gnu;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:6
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This chapter deals with the preparation for installing &debian; before you "
+"even boot the installer. This includes backing up your data, gathering "
+"information about your hardware, and locating any necessary information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:19
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Overview of the Installation Process"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:20
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"First, just a note about re-installations. With &debian;, a circumstance "
+"that will require a complete re-installation of your system is very rare; "
+"perhaps mechanical failure of the hard disk would be the most common case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:27
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Many common operating systems may require a complete installation to be "
+"performed when critical failures take place or for upgrades to new OS "
+"versions. Even if a completely new installation isn't required, often the "
+"programs you use must be re-installed to operate properly in the new OS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:35
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Under &debian-gnu;, it is much more likely that your OS can be repaired "
+"rather than replaced if things go wrong. Upgrades never require a wholesale "
+"installation; you can always upgrade in-place. And the programs are almost "
+"always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version "
+"requires newer supporting software, the &debian; packaging system ensures "
+"that all the necessary software is automatically identified and installed. "
+"The point is, much effort has been put into avoiding the need for re-"
+"installation, so think of it as your very last option. The installer is "
+"<emphasis>not</emphasis> designed to re-install over an existing system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:48
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here's a road map for the steps you will take during the installation "
+"process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:56
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Back up any existing data or documents on the hard disk where you plan to "
+"install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:62
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before "
+"starting the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create partitionable space for &debian; on your hard disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:73
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Locate and/or download the installer software and any specialized driver or "
+"firmware files your machine requires."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:79
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Set up boot media such as CDs/DVDs/USB sticks or provide a network boot "
+"infrastructure from which the installer can be booted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:85
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot the installation system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:90
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Select the installation language."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:95
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Activate the ethernet network connection, if available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:101
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure one network interface."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:106
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Open an ssh connection to the new system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:111
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Attach one or more DASDs (Direct Access Storage Device)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:117
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If necessary, resize existing partitions on your target harddisk to make "
+"space for the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create and mount the partitions on which &debian; will be installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:127
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Watch the automatic download/install/setup of the <firstterm>base system</"
+"firstterm>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:133
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Select and install <firstterm>additional software</firstterm>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:138
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Install a <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> which can start up &debian-gnu; "
+"and/or your existing system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:144
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Load the newly installed system for the first time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:151
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For &arch-title; you have the option of using <phrase arch=\"any-x86\">a</"
+"phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">an experimental</phrase> graphical version "
+"of the installation system. For more information about this graphical "
+"installer, see <xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:159
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which "
+"packages are involved in which steps. Introducing the leading software "
+"actors in this installation drama:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:165
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer software, <classname>debian-installer</classname>, is the "
+"primary concern of this manual. It detects hardware and loads appropriate "
+"drivers, uses <classname>dhcp-client</classname> to set up the network "
+"connection, runs <classname>debootstrap</classname> to install the base "
+"system packages, and runs <classname>tasksel</classname> to allow you to "
+"install certain additional software. Many more actors play smaller parts in "
+"this process, but <classname>debian-installer</classname> has completed its "
+"task when you load the new system for the first time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:177
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To tune the system to your needs, <classname>tasksel</classname> allows you "
+"to choose to install various predefined bundles of software like a Web "
+"server or a Desktop environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:183
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One important option during the installation is whether or not to install a "
+"graphical desktop environment, consisting of the X Window System and one of "
+"the available graphical desktop environments. If you choose not to select "
+"the <quote>Desktop environment</quote> task, you will only have a relatively "
+"basic, command line driven system. Installing the Desktop environment task "
+"is optional because in relation to a text-mode-only system it requires a "
+"comparatively large amount of disk space and because many &debian-gnu; "
+"systems are servers which don't really have any need for a graphical user "
+"interface to do their job."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:196
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Just be aware that the X Window System is completely separate from "
+"<classname>debian-installer</classname>, and in fact is much more "
+"complicated. Troubleshooting of the X Window System is not within the scope "
+"of this manual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:211
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Back Up Your Existing Data!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your "
+"system. If this is the first time a non-native operating system is going to "
+"be installed on your computer, it is quite likely you will need to re-"
+"partition your disk to make room for &debian-gnu;. Anytime you partition "
+"your disk, you run a risk of losing everything on the disk, no matter what "
+"program you use to do it. The programs used in the installation of &debian-"
+"gnu; are quite reliable and most have seen years of use; but they are also "
+"quite powerful and a false move can cost you. Even after backing up, be "
+"careful and think about your answers and actions. Two minutes of thinking "
+"can save hours of unnecessary work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:225
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are creating a multi-boot system, make sure that you have the "
+"distribution media of any other present operating systems on hand. Even "
+"though this is normally not necessary, there might be situations in which "
+"you could be required to reinstall your operating system's boot loader to "
+"make the system boot or in a worst case even have to reinstall the complete "
+"operating system and restore your previously made backup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Information You Will Need"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:247
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Documentation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:250
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation Manual"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:252
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "This document you are now reading, in plain ASCII, HTML or PDF format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: itemizedlist
+#: preparing.xml:258
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&list-install-manual-files;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The document you are now reading, which is the official version of the "
+"Installation Guide for the &releasename; release of &debian;; available in "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-release-area;/installmanual\">various formats and "
+"translations</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The document you are now reading, which is a development version of the "
+"Installation Guide for the next release of &debian;; available in <ulink url="
+"\"&url-d-i-dillon-manual;\">various formats and translations</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware documentation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:286
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Often contains useful information on configuring or using your hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:297
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The Debian Wiki hardware page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:303
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Linux for SPARC Processors FAQ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:309
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Linux/MIPS website"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:318
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&arch-title; Hardware References"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:319
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Documentation of &arch-title;-specific boot sequence, commands and device "
+"drivers (e.g. DASD, XPRAM, Console, OSA, HiperSockets and z/VM interaction)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:330
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Device Drivers, Features, and Commands (Linux Kernel 3.2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:335
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"IBM Redbook describing how Linux can be combined with z/VM on zSeries and "
+"&arch-title; hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:345
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Linux for &arch-title;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:351
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"IBM Redbook describing the Linux distributions available for the mainframe. "
+"It has no chapter about &debian; but the basic installation concepts are the "
+"same across all &arch-title; distributions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: ulink
+#: preparing.xml:362
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: Distributions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:372
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Finding Sources of Hardware Information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:373
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In many cases, the installer will be able to automatically detect your "
+"hardware. But to be prepared, we do recommend familiarizing yourself with "
+"your hardware before the install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:379
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware information can be gathered from:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:386
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The manuals that come with each piece of hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:391
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The BIOS setup screens of your computer. You can view these screens when you "
+"start your computer by pressing a combination of keys. Check your manual for "
+"the combination. Often, it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> or the <keycap>F2</"
+"keycap> key, but some manufacturers use other keys or key combinations. "
+"Usually upon starting the computer there will be a message stating which key "
+"to press to enter the setup screen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:401
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The cases and boxes for each piece of hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:407
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The System window in the Windows Control Panel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:413
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"System commands or tools in another operating system, including file manager "
+"displays. This source is especially useful for information about RAM and "
+"hard drive memory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:420
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your system administrator or Internet Service Provider. These sources can "
+"tell you the settings you need to set up your networking and e-mail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:432
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware Information Helpful for an Install"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:436
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:436
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Information You Might Need"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:442
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hard Drives"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:443
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How many you have."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:445
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Their order on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:447
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Whether IDE (also known as PATA), SATA or SCSI."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:449 preparing.xml:498
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Available free space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:452
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitions where other operating systems are installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:480
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network interfaces"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:481
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Type/model of available network interfaces."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:485
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Printer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:486
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Model and manufacturer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:490
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Video Card"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:491
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Type/model and manufacturer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:495
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "DASD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:496
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Device number(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:501
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:502
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Type of adapter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:504
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Device numbers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:505
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Relative adapter number for OSA cards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:513
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware Compatibility"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:515
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Many products work without trouble on &arch-kernel;. Moreover, hardware "
+"support in &arch-kernel; is improving daily. However, &arch-kernel; still "
+"does not run as many different types of hardware as some operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:521
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Drivers in &arch-kernel; in most cases are not written for a certain "
+"<quote>product</quote> or <quote>brand</quote> from a specific manufacturer, "
+"but for a certain hardware/chipset. Many seemingly different products/brands "
+"are based on the same hardware design; it is not uncommon that chip "
+"manufacturers provide so-called <quote>reference designs</quote> for "
+"products based on their chips which are then used by several different "
+"device manufacturers and sold under lots of different product or brand names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:532
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This has advantages and disadvantages. An advantage is that a driver for one "
+"chipset works with lots of different products from different manufacturers, "
+"as long as their product is based on the same chipset. The disadvantage is "
+"that it is not always easy to see which actual chipset is used in a certain "
+"product/brand. Unfortunately sometimes device manufacturers change the "
+"hardware base of their product without changing the product name or at least "
+"the product version number, so that when having two items of the same brand/"
+"product name bought at different times, they can sometimes be based on two "
+"different chipsets and therefore use two different drivers or there might be "
+"no driver at all for one of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:545
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For USB and PCI/PCI-Express/ExpressCard devices, a good way to find out on "
+"which chipset they are based is to look at their device IDs. All USB/PCI/PCI-"
+"Express/ExpressCard devices have so called <quote>vendor</quote> and "
+"<quote>product</quote> IDs, and the combination of these two is usually the "
+"same for any product based on the same chipset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:553
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On Linux systems, these IDs can be read with the <command>lsusb</command> "
+"command for USB devices and with the <command>lspci -nn</command> command "
+"for PCI/PCI-Express/ExpressCard devices. The vendor and product IDs are "
+"usually given in the form of two hexadecimal numbers, seperated by a colon, "
+"such as <quote>1d6b:0001</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:561
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An example for the output of <command>lsusb</command>: <quote>Bus 001 Device "
+"001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub</quote>, whereby 1d6b is the "
+"vendor ID and 0002 is the product ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:567
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An example for the output of <command>lspci -nn</command> for an Ethernet "
+"card: <quote>03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., "
+"Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8168] (rev "
+"06)</quote>. The IDs are given inside the rightmost square brackets, i.e. "
+"here 10ec is the vendor- and 8168 is the product ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:575
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As another example, a graphics card could give the following output: "
+"<quote>04:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices "
+"[AMD] nee ATI RV710 [Radeon HD 4350] [1002:954f]</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:581
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On Windows systems, the IDs for a device can be found in the Windows device "
+"manager on the tab <quote>details</quote>, where the vendor ID is prefixed "
+"with VEN_ and the product ID is prefixed with DEV_. On Windows 7 systems, "
+"you have to select the property <quote>Hardware IDs</quote> in the device "
+"manager's details tab to actually see the IDs, as they are not displayed by "
+"default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:591
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Searching on the internet with the vendor/product ID, <quote>&arch-kernel;</"
+"quote> and <quote>driver</quote> as the search terms often results in "
+"information regarding the driver support status for a certain chipset. If a "
+"search for the vendor/product ID does not yield usable results, a search for "
+"the chip code names, which are also often provided by lsusb and lspci "
+"(<quote>RTL8111</quote>/<quote>RTL8168B</quote> in the network card example "
+"and <quote>RV710</quote> in the graphics card example), can help."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:604
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Testing hardware compatibility with a Live-System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:606
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian-gnu; is also available as a so-called <quote>live system</quote> for "
+"certain architectures. A live system is a preconfigured ready-to-use system "
+"in a compressed format that can be booted and used from a read-only medium "
+"like a CD or DVD. Using it by default does not create any permanent changes "
+"on your computer. You can change user settings and install additional "
+"programs from within the live system, but all this only happens in the "
+"computer's RAM, i.e. if you turn off the computer and boot the live system "
+"again, everything is reset to its defaults. If you want to see whether your "
+"hardware is supported by &debian-gnu;, the easiest way is to run a &debian; "
+"live system on it and try it out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:619
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are a few limitations in using a live system. The first is that as all "
+"changes you do within the live system must be held in your computer's RAM, "
+"this only works on systems with enough RAM to do that, so installing "
+"additional large software packages may fail due to memory constraints. "
+"Another limitation with regards to hardware compatibility testing is that "
+"the official &debian-gnu; live system contains only free components, i.e. "
+"there are no non-free firmware files included in it. Such non-free packages "
+"can of course be installed manually within the system, but there is no "
+"automatic detection of required firmware files like in the &d-i;, so "
+"installation of non-free components must be done manually if needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:632
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Information about the available variants of the &debian; live images can be "
+"found at the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-live-cd;\">Debian Live Images website</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:646
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network Settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:648
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your computer is connected to a fixed network (i.e. an Ethernet or "
+"equivalent connection &mdash; not a dialup/PPP connection) which is "
+"administered by somebody else, you should ask your network's system "
+"administrator for this information:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:656
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Your host name (you may be able to decide this on your own)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:661
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Your domain name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:666
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Your computer's IP address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:671
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The netmask to use with your network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:676
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The IP address of the default gateway system you should route to, if your "
+"network <emphasis>has</emphasis> a gateway."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:682
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The system on your network that you should use as a DNS (Domain Name "
+"Service) server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:690
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the network you are connected to uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration "
+"Protocol) for configuring network settings, you don't need this information "
+"because the DHCP server will provide it directly to your computer during the "
+"installation process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:697
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have internet access via DSL or cable modem (i.e. over a cable tv "
+"network) and have a router (often provided preconfigured by your phone or "
+"catv provider) which handles your network connectivity, DHCP is usually "
+"available by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:705
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As a rule of thumb: if you run a Windows system in your home network and did "
+"not have to manually perform any network settings there to achieve Internet "
+"access, network connectivity in &debian-gnu; will also be configured "
+"automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:712
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "If you use a WLAN/WiFi network, you should find out:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:717
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The ESSID (<quote>network name</quote>) of your wireless network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:722
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The WEP or WPA/WPA2 security key to access the network (if applicable)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:739
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:740
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once you have gathered information about your computer's hardware, check "
+"that your hardware will let you do the type of installation that you want to "
+"do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:746
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Depending on your needs, you might manage with less than some of the "
+"recommended hardware listed in the table below. However, most users risk "
+"being frustrated if they ignore these suggestions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:752
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A Pentium 4, 1GHz system is the minimum recommended for a desktop system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:757
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Any OldWorld or NewWorld PowerPC can serve well as a desktop system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:764
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Recommended Minimum System Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:768
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:769
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAM (minimum)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAM (recommended)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:771
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hard Drive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:777
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "No desktop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:778
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "256 megabytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:779
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "512 megabytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:780 preparing.xml:784
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "2 gigabytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:782
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "With Desktop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:783
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "1 gigabytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preparing.xml:785
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "10 gigabytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:790
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The minimum values assumes that swap will be enabled. The <quote>No desktop</"
+"quote> value assumes that the non-graphical installer is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:795
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The actual minimum memory requirements are a lot less than the numbers "
+"listed in this table. With swap enabled, it is possible to install &debian; "
+"with as little as &minimum-memory-strict;. The same goes for the disk space "
+"requirements, especially if you pick and choose which applications to "
+"install; see <xref linkend=\"tasksel-size-list\"/> for additional "
+"information on disk space requirements."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:805
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to run a graphical desktop environment on older or low-end "
+"systems, but in that case it is recommended to install a window manager that "
+"is less resource-hungry than those of the GNOME or KDE Plasma desktop "
+"environments; alternatives include <classname>xfce4</classname>, "
+"<classname>icewm</classname> and <classname>wmaker</classname>, but there "
+"are others to choose from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:814
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is practically impossible to give general memory or disk space "
+"requirements for server installations as those very much depend on what the "
+"server is to be used for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:820
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Remember that these sizes don't include all the other materials which are "
+"usually to be found, such as user files, mail, and data. It is always best "
+"to be generous when considering the space for your own files and data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:827
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Disk space required for the smooth operation of the &debian-gnu; system "
+"itself is taken into account in these recommended system requirements. "
+"Notably, the <filename>/var</filename> partition contains a lot of state "
+"information specific to &debian; in addition to its regular contents, like "
+"logfiles. The <command>dpkg</command> files (with information on all "
+"installed packages) can easily consume 40MB. Also, <command>apt</command> "
+"puts downloaded packages here before they are installed. You should usually "
+"allocate at least 200MB for <filename>/var</filename>, and a lot more if you "
+"install a graphical desktop environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:851
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:852
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Partitioning your disk simply refers to the act of breaking up your disk "
+"into sections. Each section is then independent of the others. It's roughly "
+"equivalent to putting up walls inside a house; if you add furniture to one "
+"room it doesn't affect any other room."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:859
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Whenever this section talks about <quote>disks</quote> you should translate "
+"this into a DASD or VM minidisk in the &arch-title; world. Also a machine "
+"means an LPAR or VM guest in this case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:865
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you already have an operating system on your system <phrase arch=\"any-"
+"x86\"> (Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7, OS/2, MacOS, Solaris, "
+"FreeBSD, &hellip;) </phrase> <phrase arch=\"s390\"> (VM, z/OS, OS/390, "
+"&hellip;) </phrase> which uses the whole disk and you want to stick &debian; "
+"on the same disk, you will need to repartition it. &debian; requires its own "
+"hard disk partitions. It cannot be installed on Windows or Mac OS X "
+"partitions. It may be able to share some partitions with other Unix systems, "
+"but that's not covered here. At the very least you will need a dedicated "
+"partition for the &debian; root filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:884
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can find information about your current partition setup by using a "
+"partitioning tool for your current operating system<phrase arch=\"any-"
+"x86\">, such as the integrated Disk Manager in Windows or fdisk in DOS</"
+"phrase><phrase arch=\"powerpc\">, such as Disk Utility, Drive Setup, HD "
+"Toolkit, or MacTools</phrase><phrase arch=\"s390\">, such as the VM diskmap</"
+"phrase>. Partitioning tools always provide a way to show existing partitions "
+"without making changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:894
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In general, changing a partition with a file system already on it will "
+"destroy any information there. Thus you should always make backups before "
+"doing any repartitioning. Using the analogy of the house, you would probably "
+"want to move all the furniture out of the way before moving a wall or you "
+"risk destroying it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:902
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Several modern operating systems offer the ability to move and resize "
+"certain existing partitions without destroying their contents. This allows "
+"making space for additional partitions without losing existing data. Even "
+"though this works quite well in most cases, making changes to the "
+"partitioning of a disk is an inherently dangerous action and should only be "
+"done after having made a full backup of all data. <phrase arch=\"any-"
+"x86\">For FAT/FAT32 and NTFS partitions as used by DOS and Windows systems, "
+"the ability to move and resize them losslessly is provided both by &d-i; as "
+"well as by the integrated Disk Manager of Windows 7. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:917
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To losslessly resize an existing FAT or NTFS partition from within &d-i;, go "
+"to the partitioning step, select the option for manual partitioning, select "
+"the partition to resize, and simply specify its new size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: preparing.xml:925
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "FIXME: write about HP-UX disks?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:927
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Creating and deleting partitions can be done from within &d-i; as well as "
+"from an existing operating system. As a rule of thumb, partitions should be "
+"created by the system for which they are to be used, i.e. partitions to be "
+"used by &debian-gnu; should be created from within &d-i; and partitions to "
+"be used from another operating system should be created from there. &d-i; is "
+"capable of creating non-&arch-kernel; partitions, and partitions created "
+"this way usually work without problems when used in other operating systems, "
+"but there are a few rare corner cases in which this could cause problems, so "
+"if you want to be sure, use the native partitioning tools to create "
+"partitions for use by other operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:940
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are going to install more than one operating system on the same "
+"machine, you should install all other system(s) before proceeding with the "
+"&debian; installation. Windows and other OS installations may destroy your "
+"ability to start &debian;, or encourage you to reformat non-native "
+"partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:948
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can recover from these actions or avoid them, but installing the native "
+"system first saves you trouble."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:953
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order for OpenFirmware to automatically boot &debian-gnu; the &arch-"
+"parttype; partitions should appear before all other partitions on the disk, "
+"especially Mac OS X boot partitions. This should be kept in mind when pre-"
+"partitioning; you should create a &arch-parttype; placeholder partition to "
+"come <emphasis>before</emphasis> the other bootable partitions on the disk. "
+"(The small partitions dedicated to Apple disk drivers are not bootable.) You "
+"can delete the placeholder with the &debian; partition tools later during "
+"the actual install, and replace it with &arch-parttype; partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1029
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning from SunOS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1031
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It's perfectly fine to partition from SunOS; in fact, if you intend to run "
+"both SunOS and &debian; on the same machine, it is recommended that you "
+"partition using SunOS prior to installing &debian;. The Linux kernel "
+"understands Sun disk labels, so there are no problems there. SILO supports "
+"booting Linux and SunOS from any of EXT2 (Linux), UFS (SunOS), romfs or "
+"iso9660 (CDROM) partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1043
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning from Linux or another OS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1045
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Whatever system you are using to partition, make sure you create a "
+"<quote>Sun disk label</quote> on your boot disk. This is the only kind of "
+"partition scheme that the OpenBoot PROM understands, and so it's the only "
+"scheme from which you can boot. In <command>fdisk</command>, the <keycap>s</"
+"keycap> key is used to create Sun disk labels. You only need to do this on "
+"drives that do not already have a Sun disk label. If you are using a drive "
+"that was previously formatted using a PC (or other architecture) you must "
+"create a new disk label, or problems with the disk geometry will most likely "
+"occur."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1057
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will probably be using <command>SILO</command> as your boot loader (the "
+"small program which runs the operating system kernel). <command>SILO</"
+"command> has certain requirements for partition sizes and location; see "
+"<xref linkend=\"partitioning\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1072
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mac OS X Partitioning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1074
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <application>Disk Utility</application> application can be found under "
+"the <filename>Utilities</filename> menu in Mac OS X Installer. It will not "
+"adjust existing partitions; it is limited to partitioning the entire disk at "
+"once."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1080
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Remember to create a placeholder partition for GNU/Linux, preferably "
+"positioned first in the disk layout. it doesn't matter what type it is, it "
+"will be deleted and replaced later inside the &debian-gnu; installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1086
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; installer partition table editing tools are compatible with OS X, "
+"but not with MacOS 9. If you are planning to use both MacOS 9 and OS X, it "
+"is best to install OS X and &debian; on one hard drive, and put MacOS 9 on a "
+"separate hard drive. Separate options for OS 9 and OS X will appear when "
+"holding the <keycap>option</keycap> key at boot time, and separate options "
+"can be installed in the <application>yaboot</application> boot menu as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1096
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"GNU/Linux is unable to access information on UFS partitions, but can access "
+"HFS+ (aka MacOS Extended) partitions. OS X requires one of these two types "
+"for its boot partition. MacOS 9 can be installed on either HFS (aka MacOS "
+"Standard) or HFS+. To share information between the Mac OS X and GNU/Linux "
+"systems, an exchange partition is handy. HFS, HFS+ and MS-DOS FAT file "
+"systems are supported by MacOS 9, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1116
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1117
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section will walk you through pre-installation hardware setup, if any, "
+"that you will need to do prior to installing &debian;. Generally, this "
+"involves checking and possibly changing BIOS/system firmware settings for "
+"your system. The <quote>BIOS</quote> or <quote>system firmware</quote> is "
+"the core software used by the hardware; it is most critically invoked during "
+"the bootstrap process (after power-up)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1132
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine and to "
+"allow your operating system to access your hardware. Your system provides a "
+"BIOS setup menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. To enter the BIOS "
+"setup menu you have to press a key or key combination after turning on the "
+"computer. Often it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> or the <keycap>F2</keycap> "
+"key, but some manufacturers use other keys. Usually upon starting the "
+"computer there will be a message stating which key to press to enter the "
+"setup screen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1148 preparing.xml:1492 preparing.xml:1670
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot Device Selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1150
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Within the BIOS setup menu, you can select which devices shall be checked in "
+"which sequence for a bootable operating system. Possible choices usually "
+"include the internal harddisks, the CD/DVD-ROM drive and USB mass storage "
+"devices such as USB sticks or external USB harddisks. On modern systems "
+"there is also often a possibility to enable network booting via PXE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1158
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Depending on the installation media (CD/DVD ROM, USB stick, network boot) "
+"you have chosen you should enable the appropriate boot devices if they are "
+"not already enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1164
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most BIOS versions allow you to call up a boot menu on system startup in "
+"which you select from which device the computer should start for the current "
+"session. If this option is available, the BIOS usually displays a short "
+"message like <quote>press <keycap>F12</keycap> for boot menu</quote> on "
+"system startup. The actual key used to select this menu varies from system "
+"to system; commonly used keys are <keycap>F12</keycap>, <keycap>F11</keycap> "
+"and <keycap>F8</keycap>. Choosing a device from this menu does not change "
+"the default boot order of the BIOS, i.e. you can start once from a USB stick "
+"while having configured the internal harddisk as the normal primary boot "
+"device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1178
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your BIOS does not provide you with a boot menu to do ad-hoc choices of "
+"the current boot device, you will have to change your BIOS setup to make the "
+"device from which the &d-i; shall be booted the primary boot device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1184
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately some computers contain buggy BIOS versions. Booting &d-i; from "
+"a USB stick might not work even if there is an appropriate option in the "
+"BIOS setup menu and the stick is selected as the primary boot device. On "
+"some of these systems using a USB stick as boot medium is impossible; others "
+"can be tricked into booting from the stick by changing the device type in "
+"the BIOS setup from the default <quote>USB harddisk</quote> or <quote>USB "
+"stick</quote> to <quote>USB ZIP</quote> or <quote>USB CDROM</quote>. <phrase "
+"condition=\"isohybrid-supported\"> In particular if you use an isohybrid CD/"
+"DVD image on a USB stick (see <xref linkend=\"usb-copy-isohybrid\"/>), "
+"changing the device type to <quote>USB CDROM</quote> helps on some BIOSes "
+"which will not boot from a USB stick in USB harddisk mode.</phrase> You may "
+"need to configure your BIOS to enable <quote>USB legacy support</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1200
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you cannot manipulate the BIOS to boot directly from a USB stick you "
+"still have the option of using an ISO copied to the stick. Boot &d-i; using "
+"<xref linkend=\"boot-drive-files\"/> and, after scanning the hard drives for "
+"an installer ISO image, select the USB device and choose an installation "
+"image."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1218
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Invoking OpenFirmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1219
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There is normally no need to set up the BIOS (called OpenFirmware) on &arch-"
+"title; systems. PReP and CHRP are equipped with OpenFirmware, but "
+"unfortunately, the means you use to invoke it vary from manufacturer to "
+"manufacturer. You'll have to consult the hardware documentation which came "
+"with your machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1227
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On &arch-title; Macintoshes, you invoke OpenFirmware with "
+"<keycombo><keycap>Command (cloverleaf/Apple)</keycap><keycap>Option</"
+"keycap><keycap>o</keycap><keycap>f</keycap></keycombo> while booting. "
+"Generally it will check for these keystrokes after the chime, but the exact "
+"timing varies from model to model. See <ulink url=\"&url-netbsd-powerpc-faq;"
+"\"></ulink> for more hints."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1235
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The OpenFirmware prompt looks like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"ok\n"
+"0 &gt;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Note that on older model &arch-title; Macs, the "
+"default and sometimes hardwired I/O for OpenFirmware user interaction is "
+"through the serial (modem) port. If you invoke OpenFirmware on one of these "
+"machines, you will just see a black screen. In that case, a terminal program "
+"running on another computer, connected to the modem port, is needed to "
+"interact with OpenFirmware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1248
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The OpenFirmware on OldWorld Beige G3 machines, OF versions 2.0f1 and 2.4, "
+"is broken. These machines will most likely not be able to boot from the hard "
+"drive unless the firmware is patched. A firmware patch is included in the "
+"<application>System Disk 2.3.1</application> utility, available from Apple "
+"at <ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/macosxserver/utilities/"
+"SystemDisk2.3.1.smi.bin\"></ulink>. After unpacking the utility in MacOS, "
+"and launching it, select the <guibutton>Save</guibutton> button to have the "
+"firmware patches installed to nvram."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How to update bare metal ppc64el firmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1265
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is an excerpt from <ulink url=\"&url-ibm-powerkvm;\">IBM PowerKVM on "
+"IBM POWER8</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1270
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Open Power Abstraction Layer (OPAL) is the system firmware in the stack of "
+"POWER processor-based server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There may be instances when the user might have to upgrade the Power Systems "
+"firmware to a more recent level to acquire new features or additional "
+"support for devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1281
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Make sure that the following requirements are met:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1286
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "an OS to be running on the system;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1288
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "the .img file of the OPAL level that the user needs to update to;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "the machine isn't under HMC control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1294
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Power Systems has two sides of flash to boot firmware from, namely permanent "
+"and temporary. This provides a way to test firmware updates on the temporary "
+"side of the flash before committing the tested changes to the permanent "
+"side, thereby committing the new updates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1301
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Perform the following steps for the update:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1306
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Save the level of the existing firmware before really updating. In ASM, in "
+"the system menu, click <command>Service Aids -&gt; Service Processor Command "
+"Line</command>, and run the following command:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preparing.xml:1310
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "cupdcmd -f"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1311
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Download the .img file of the level of firmware to be updated to a location "
+"in the host filesystem. Refer to <ulink url=\"&url-ibm-fixcentral;\">IBM Fix "
+"Central</ulink> for downloading the image file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1316
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Verify the image downloaded by running the following command and save the "
+"output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preparing.xml:1319
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "$update_flash -v -f &lt;file_name.img&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1321
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Update the firmware by running the following command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preparing.xml:1323
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "$update_flash -f &lt;file_name.img&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1329
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The command reboots the system and therefore, sessions if any, would be lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1332
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Do not reboot or switch off the system until it is back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Verify the updated firmware level of the temporary side of the flash as in "
+"step 1."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1342
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In case the update has to be reverted, the user can do so by running this "
+"command: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+" $update_flash -r\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Rejection would reject only the temporary side "
+"of the flash. Therefore, the new level should be committed to the permanent "
+"side only after thorough testing of the new firmware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1349
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The new updated level can be committed to the permanent side of the flash by "
+"running the following command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preparing.xml:1352
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "$update_flash -c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1360
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Updating KVM guest firmware (SLOF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1361
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Slimline Open Firmware (SLOF) is an implementation of the IEEE 1275 "
+"standard. It can be used as partition firmware for pSeries machines running "
+"on QEMU or KVM."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The package qemu-slof is, in fact, a dependency of package qemu-system-ppc "
+"(which also provides the virtual package qemu-system-ppc64), and can be "
+"installed or updated via <command>apt</command> tool on Debian-based "
+"distros. Like so: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# apt install qemu-slof\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> SLOF can also be installed into rpm-based "
+"distribution systems, given the proper repository or rpm package. "
+"Additionally, the upstream source code is available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"github.com/leilihh/SLOF\"></ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1383
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Thus, one can use a different SLOF file rather than the default, when "
+"running <command>qemu-system</command>, by adding the command line argument "
+"<userinput>-bios &lt;slof_file&gt; </userinput> when starting qemu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1393
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Updating PowerKVM hypervisor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1394
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Instructions for Netboot installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1395
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will need a DHCP/TFTP (BOOTP) server, as well as a web server. After "
+"downloading ibm-powerkvm-*-ppc64-service-*.iso, mount loop it and unpack it "
+"into some directory within your HTTP server www root structure (say "
+"wwwroot): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# cd &lt;directory-where-the-iso-is&gt;\n"
+"# mkdir ./iso\n"
+"# sudo mount -o loop ibm-powerkvm-*-ppc64-service-*.iso ./iso\n"
+"# cp -a ./iso/* &lt;path-to-wwwroot&gt;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Create the petitboot.conf file in a directory "
+"under your tftproot, say /tftproot/powerkvm, with the following contents: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"label PowerKVM Automated Install\n"
+"kernel http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/SOME-PATH-TO-wwwroot/ppc/ppc64/vmlinuz\n"
+"initrd http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/SOME-PATH-TO-wwwroot/ppc/ppc64/initrd.img\n"
+"append root=live:http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/SOME-PATH-TO-wwwroot/LiveOS/squashfs."
+"img repo=http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/SOME-PATH-TO-wwwroot/packages rd.dm=0 rd.md=0 "
+"console=hvc0 console=tty0\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Editing your dhcpd.conf, set this directive at "
+"the beginning: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"option conf-file code 209 = text;\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Add the system directive: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"host &lt;your-system&gt; {\n"
+" hardware ethernet &lt;system macaddr&gt;\n"
+" fixed-address &lt;system ip&gt;;\n"
+" option host-name \"&lt;system hostname&gt;\";\n"
+" option conf-file \"&lt;powerkvm/petitboot.conf&gt;\";\n"
+" }\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Reboot the dhcp server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1419
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot your PowerLinux machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1423
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There should be the following option at petitboot (select it): "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"\"Power KVM Automated Install\" \n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The installer menu should appear automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1434
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Instructions for DVD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1435
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot the ISO ibm-powerkvm-*-ppc64-service-*.iso (either burn a DVD or make "
+"it virtual if using QEMU) and simply wait for the boot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1438
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There should be the following option at petitboot (select it): "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"\"POWERKVM_LIVECD\" \n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The installer menu should appear automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1459
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Invoking OpenBoot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1461
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"OpenBoot provides the basic functions needed to boot the &arch-title; "
+"architecture. This is rather similar in function to the BIOS in the x86 "
+"architecture, although much nicer. The Sun boot PROMs have a built-in forth "
+"interpreter which lets you do quite a number of things with your machine, "
+"such as diagnostics and simple scripts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1469
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To get to the boot prompt you need to hold down the <keycap>Stop</keycap> "
+"key (on older type 4 keyboards, use the <keycap>L1</keycap> key, if you have "
+"a PC keyboard adapter, use the <keycap>Break</keycap> key) and press the "
+"<keycap>A</keycap> key. The boot PROM will give you a prompt, either "
+"<userinput>ok</userinput> or <userinput>&gt;</userinput>. It is preferred to "
+"have the <userinput>ok</userinput> prompt. So if you get the old style "
+"prompt, hit the <keycap>n</keycap> key to get the new style prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1481
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are using a serial console, send a break to the machine. With "
+"Minicom, use <keycap>Ctrl-A F</keycap>, with cu, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap>, "
+"then type <userinput>%~break</userinput>. Consult the documentation of your "
+"terminal emulator if you are using a different program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1494
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can use OpenBoot to boot from specific devices, and also to change your "
+"default boot device. However, you need to know some details about how "
+"OpenBoot names devices; it's considerably different from Linux device "
+"naming, described in <xref linkend=\"device-names\"/>. Also, the command "
+"will vary a bit, depending on what version of OpenBoot you have. More "
+"information about OpenBoot can be found in the <ulink url=\"&url-openboot;"
+"\">Sun OpenBoot Reference</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1504
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To boot from a specific device, use the command <userinput>boot "
+"<replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput>. You can set this behavior as "
+"the default using the <userinput>setenv</userinput> command. However, the "
+"name of the variable to set changed between OpenBoot revisions. In OpenBoot "
+"1.x, use the command <userinput>setenv boot-from <replaceable>device</"
+"replaceable></userinput>. In later revisions of OpenBoot, use the command "
+"<userinput>setenv boot-device <replaceable>device</replaceable></userinput>. "
+"Note, this is also configurable using the <command>eeprom</command> command "
+"on Solaris, or modifying the appropriate files in <filename>/proc/openprom/"
+"options/</filename>, for example under Linux: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# echo disk1:1 &gt; /proc/openprom/options/boot-device\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> and under Solaris:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preparing.xml:1548
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "eeprom boot-device=disk1:1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1558
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "BIOS Setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1559
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to install &debian-gnu; on a &arch-title; or zSeries machine you "
+"have first boot a kernel into the system. The boot mechanism of this "
+"platform is inherently different to other ones, especially from PC-like "
+"systems, and you will notice a big difference while you work with this "
+"platform: most (if not all) of the time you will work remote, with the help "
+"of some client session software like telnet, or a browser. This is due to "
+"that special system architecture where the 3215/3270 console is line-based "
+"instead of character-based."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1571
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux on this platform runs either natively on the bare machine, in a so-"
+"called LPAR (Logical Partition) or in a virtual machine supplied by the VM "
+"system. Boot media differs depending on the runtime mode. For example, you "
+"can use the virtual card reader of a virtual machine, or boot from the HMC "
+"(Hardware Management Console) of an LPAR if the HMC and this option is "
+"available for you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1580
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Before you actually perform an installation, you have to go over some design "
+"and preparation steps. IBM has made documentation available about the whole "
+"process, e.g. how to prepare an installation medium and how actually to boot "
+"from that medium. Duplicating that information here is neither possible nor "
+"necessary. However, we will describe here which kind of &debian;-specific "
+"data is needed and where to find it. Using both sources of information, you "
+"have to prepare your machine and the installation medium before you can "
+"perform a boot from it. When you see the welcome message in your client "
+"session, return to this document to go through the &debian;-specific "
+"installation steps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1597
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Native and LPAR installations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1598
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please refer to chapter 5 of the <ulink url=\"http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/"
+"pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg244987.pdf\"> Linux for &arch-title;</ulink> Redbook "
+"and chapter 3.2 of the <ulink url=\"http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/"
+"redbooks/sg246264.pdf\"> Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: "
+"Distributions</ulink> Redbook on how to set up an LPAR for Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1612
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation as a VM guest"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1614
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please refer to chapter 6 of the <ulink url=\"http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/"
+"pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg244987.pdf\"> Linux for &arch-title;</ulink> Redbook "
+"and chapter 3.1 of the <ulink url=\"http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/"
+"redbooks/sg246264.pdf\"> Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and &arch-title;: "
+"Distributions</ulink> Redbook on how to set up a VM guest for running Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1624
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to copy all the files from the <filename>generic</filename> sub-"
+"directory to your CMS disk. Be sure to transfer <filename>kernel.debian</"
+"filename> and <filename>initrd.debian</filename> in binary mode with a fixed "
+"record length of 80 characters (by specifying <userinput>BINARY</userinput> "
+"and <userinput>LOCSITE FIX 80</userinput> in your FTP client). "
+"<filename>parmfile.debian</filename> can be in either ASCII or EBCDIC "
+"format. A sample <filename>debian.exec</filename> script, which will punch "
+"the files in the proper order, is included with the images."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1641
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up an installation server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1643
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you don't have a connection to the Internet (either directly or via a web "
+"proxy) you need to create a local installation server that can be accessed "
+"from your S/390. This server keeps all the packages you want to install and "
+"must make them available using NFS, HTTP or FTP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1651
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation server needs to copy the exact directory structure from any "
+"&debian-gnu; mirror, but only the S/390 and architecture-independent files "
+"are required. You can also copy the contents of all installation CDs into "
+"such a directory tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: preparing.xml:1660
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "FIXME: more information needed &mdash; from a Redbook?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1677
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ARM firmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1679
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As already mentioned before, there is unfortunately no standard for system "
+"firmware on ARM systems. Even the behaviour of different systems which use "
+"nominally the same firmware can be quite different. This results from the "
+"fact that a large part of the devices using the ARM architecture are "
+"embedded systems, for which the manufacturers usually build heavily "
+"customized firmware versions and include device-specific patches. "
+"Unfortunately the manufacturers often do not submit their changes and "
+"extensions back to the mainline firmware developers, so their changes are "
+"not integrated into newer versions of the original firmware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1691
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As a result even newly sold systems often use a firmware that is based on a "
+"years-old manufacturer-modified version of a firmware whose mainline "
+"codebase has evolved a lot further in the meantime and offers additional "
+"features or shows different behaviour in certain aspects. In addition to "
+"that, the naming of onboard devices is not consistent between different "
+"manufacturer-modified versions of the same firmware, therefore it is nearly "
+"impossible to provide usable product-independend instructions for ARM-based "
+"systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1704
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Debian-provided U-Boot (system firmware) images"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1705
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian provides U-Boot images for various armhf systems that can load their "
+"U-Boot from an SD card at &armmp-uboot-img;. The U-Boot builds are offered "
+"in two formats: raw U-Boot components and a ready-made card image that can "
+"easily be written onto an SD card. The raw U-Boot components are provided "
+"for advanced users; the generally recommended way is to use one of the ready-"
+"made SD card images. They are named &lt;system-type&gt;.sdcard.img.gz and "
+"can be written to a card e.g. with <informalexample><screen>zcat &lt;system-"
+"type&gt;.sdcard.img.gz &gt; /dev/SD_CARD_DEVICE</screen></informalexample> "
+"As with all images, please be aware that writing the image to an SD card "
+"wipes all previous contents of the card!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1720
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If Debian provides a U-Boot image for your system, it is recommended that "
+"you use this image instead of the vendor-provided U-Boot, as the version in "
+"Debian is usually newer and has more features."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1728
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting the ethernet MAC address in U-Boot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1729
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The MAC address of every ethernet interface should normally be globally "
+"unique, and it technically has to be unique within its ethernet broadcast "
+"domain. To achieve this, the manufacturer usually allocates a block of MAC "
+"addresses from a centrally-administered pool (for which a fee has to be "
+"paid) and preconfigures one of these addresses on each item sold."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1737
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the case of development boards, sometimes the manufacturer wants to avoid "
+"paying these fees and therefore provides no globally unique addresses. In "
+"these cases the users themselves have to define MAC addresses for their "
+"systems. When no MAC address is defined for an ethernet interface, some "
+"network drivers generate a random MAC address that can change on every boot, "
+"and if this happens, network access would be possible even when the user has "
+"not manually set an address, but e.g. assigning semi-static IP addresses by "
+"DHCP based on the MAC address of the requesting client would obviously not "
+"work reliably."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1748
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To avoid conflicts with existing officially-assigned MAC addresses, there is "
+"an address pool which is reserved for so-called <quote>locally administered</"
+"quote> addresses. It is defined by the value of two specific bits in the "
+"first byte of the address (the article <quote>MAC address</quote> in the "
+"English language Wikipedia gives a good explanation). In practice this means "
+"that e.g. any address starting with hexadecimal ca (such as ca:ff:"
+"ee:12:34:56) can be used as a locally administered address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1758
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On systems using U-Boot as system firmware, the ethernet MAC address is "
+"placed in the <quote>ethaddr</quote> environment variable. It can be checked "
+"at the U-Boot command prompt with the command <quote>printenv ethaddr</"
+"quote> and can be set with the command <quote>setenv ethaddr ca:ff:"
+"ee:12:34:56</quote>. After setting the value, the command <quote>saveenv</"
+"quote> makes the assignment permanent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1769
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Kernel/Initrd/Device-Tree relocation issues in U-Boot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On some systems with older U-Boot versions there can be problems with "
+"properly relocating the Linux kernel, the initial ramdisk and the device-"
+"tree blob in memory during the boot process. In this case, U-Boot shows the "
+"message <quote>Starting kernel ...</quote>, but the system freezes "
+"afterwards without further output. These issues have been solved with newer "
+"U-Boot versions from v2014.07 onwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1779
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the system has originally used a U-Boot version older than v2014.07 and "
+"has been upgraded to a newer version later, the problem might still occur "
+"even after upgrading U-Boot. Upgrading U-Boot usually does not modify the "
+"existing U-Boot environment variables and the fix requires an additional "
+"environment variable (bootm_size) to be set, which U-Boot does automatically "
+"only on fresh installations without existing environment data. It is "
+"possible to manually set bootm_size to the new U-Boot's default value by "
+"running the command <quote>env default bootm_size; saveenv</quote> at the U-"
+"Boot prompt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1790
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Another possibility to circumvent relocation-related problems is to run the "
+"command <quote>setenv fdt_high ffffffff; setenv initrd_high 0xffffffff; "
+"saveenv</quote> at the U-Boot prompt to completely disable the relocation of "
+"the initial ramdisk and the device-tree blob."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1800
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Systems with UEFI firmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1801
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"UEFI (<quote>Unified Extensible Firmware Interface</quote>) is a new kind of "
+"system firmware that is used on many modern systems and is - among other "
+"uses - intended to replace the classic PC BIOS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1807
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Currently most PC systems that use UEFI also have a so-called "
+"<quote>Compatibility Support Module</quote> (CSM) in the firmware, which "
+"provides exactly the same interfaces to an operating system as a classic PC "
+"BIOS, so that software written for the classic PC BIOS can be used "
+"unchanged. Nonetheless UEFI is intended to one day completely replace the "
+"old PC BIOS without being fully backwards-compatible and there are already a "
+"lot of systems with UEFI but without CSM."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1817
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On systems with UEFI there are a few things to take into consideration when "
+"installing an operating system. The way the firmware loads an operating "
+"system is fundamentally different between the classic BIOS (or UEFI in CSM "
+"mode) and native UEFI. One major difference is the way the harddisk "
+"partitions are recorded on the harddisk. While the classic BIOS and UEFI in "
+"CSM mode use a DOS partition table, native UEFI uses a different "
+"partitioning scheme called <quote>GUID Partition Table</quote> (GPT). On a "
+"single disk, for all practical purposes only one of the two can be used and "
+"in case of a multi-boot setup with different operating systems on one disk, "
+"all of them must therefore use the same type of partition table. Booting "
+"from a disk with GPT is only possible in native UEFI mode, but using GPT "
+"becomes more and more common as hard disk sizes grow, because the classic "
+"DOS partition table cannot address disks larger than about 2 Terabytes while "
+"GPT allows for far larger disks. The other major difference between BIOS (or "
+"UEFI in CSM mode) and native UEFI is the location where boot code is stored "
+"and in which format it has to be. This means that different bootloaders are "
+"needed for each system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1837
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The latter becomes important when booting &d-i; on a UEFI system with CSM "
+"because &d-i; checks whether it was started on a BIOS- or on a native UEFI "
+"system and installs the corresponding bootloader. Normally this simply works "
+"but there can be a problem in multi-boot environments. On some UEFI systems "
+"with CSM the default boot mode for removable devices can be different from "
+"what is actually used when booting from hard disk, so when booting the "
+"installer from a USB stick in a different mode from what is used when "
+"booting another already installed operating system from the hard disk, the "
+"wrong bootloader might be installed and the system might be unbootable after "
+"finishing the installation. When choosing the boot device from a firmware "
+"boot menu, some systems offer two seperate choices for each device, so that "
+"the user can select whether booting shall happen in CSM or in native UEFI "
+"mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1853
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Another UEFI-related topic is the so-called <quote>secure boot</quote> "
+"mechanism. Secure boot means a function of UEFI implementations that allows "
+"the firmware to only load and execute code that is cryptographically signed "
+"with certain keys and thereby blocking any (potentially malicious) boot code "
+"that is unsigned or signed with unknown keys. In practice the only key "
+"accepted by default on most UEFI systems with secure boot is a key from "
+"Microsoft used for signing the Windows bootloader. As the boot code used by "
+"&d-i; is not signed by Microsoft, booting the installer requires prior "
+"deactivation of secure boot in case it is enabled. Secure boot is often "
+"enabled by default on systems that come preinstalled with a 64-bit version "
+"of Windows 8 and there is unfortunately no standard way to disable it in the "
+"UEFI setup. On some systems, the option to disable secure boot is only made "
+"visible when a BIOS password has been set by the user, so if you have a "
+"system with secure boot enabled, but cannot find an option to disable it, "
+"try setting a BIOS password, powercycle the machine and look again for an "
+"appropriate option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1875
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Disabling the Windows 8 <quote>fast boot</quote> feature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1876
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Windows 8 offers a feature called <quote>fast boot</quote> to cut down "
+"system startup time. Technically, when this feature is enabled, Windows 8 "
+"does not do a real shutdown and a real cold boot afterwards when ordered to "
+"shut down, but instead does something resembling a partial suspend to disk "
+"to reduce the <quote>boot</quote> time. As long as Windows 8 is the only "
+"operating system on the machine, this is unproblematic, but it can result in "
+"problems and data loss when you have a dual boot setup in which another "
+"operating system accesses the same filesystems as Windows 8 does. In that "
+"case the real state of the filesystem can be different from what Windows 8 "
+"believes it to be after the <quote>boot</quote> and this could cause "
+"filesystem corruption upon further write accesses to the filesystem. "
+"Therefore in a dual boot setup, to avoid filesystem corruption the "
+"<quote>fast boot</quote> feature has to be disabled within Windows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1892
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It may also be necessary to disable <quote>fast boot</quote> to even allow "
+"access to UEFI setup to choose to boot another operating system or &d-i;. On "
+"some UEFI systems, the firmware will reduce <quote>boot</quote> time by not "
+"initialising the keyboard controller or USB hardware; in these cases, it is "
+"necessary to boot into Windows and disable this feature to allow for a "
+"change of boot order."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1904
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Hardware Issues to Watch Out For"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1907
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "USB BIOS support and keyboards"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1908
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have no PS/2-style keyboard, but only a USB model, on some very old "
+"PCs you may need to enable legacy keyboard emulation in your BIOS setup to "
+"be able to use your keyboard in the bootloader menu, but this is not an "
+"issue for modern systems. If your keyboard does not work in the bootloader "
+"menu, consult your mainboard manual and look in the BIOS for <quote>Legacy "
+"keyboard emulation</quote> or <quote>USB keyboard support</quote> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preparing.xml:1921
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Display-visibility on OldWorld Powermacs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preparing.xml:1923
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some OldWorld Powermacs, most notably those with the <quote>control</quote> "
+"display driver, may not reliably produce a colormap under Linux when the "
+"display is configured for more than 256 colors. If you are experiencing such "
+"issues with your display after rebooting (you can sometimes see data on the "
+"monitor, but on other occasions cannot see anything) or, if the screen turns "
+"black after booting the installer instead of showing you the user interface, "
+"try changing your display settings under MacOS to use 256 colors instead of "
+"<quote>thousands</quote> or <quote>millions</quote>."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/preseed.po b/po/uk/preseed.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72bf38633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/preseed.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2296 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: preseed_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:16
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Automating the installation using preseeding"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:18
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This appendix explains how to preseed answers to questions in &d-i; to "
+"automate your installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:23 preseed.xml:707
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The configuration fragments used in this appendix are also available as an "
+"example preconfiguration file from &urlset-example-preseed;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:31
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:32
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions asked during the "
+"installation process, without having to manually enter the answers while the "
+"installation is running. This makes it possible to fully automate most types "
+"of installation and even offers some features not available during normal "
+"installations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:40
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Preseeding is not required. If you use an empty preseed file, the installer "
+"will behave just the same way as in a normal manual installation. Each "
+"question you preseed will (if you got it right!) modify the installation in "
+"some way from that baseline."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:50
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preseeding methods"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:51
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are three methods that can be used for preseeding: <firstterm>initrd</"
+"firstterm>, <firstterm>file</firstterm> and <firstterm>network</firstterm>. "
+"Initrd preseeding will work with any installation method and supports "
+"preseeding of more things, but it requires the most preparation. File and "
+"network preseeding each can be used with different installation methods."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:60
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following table shows which preseeding methods can be used with which "
+"installation methods."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:69
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation method"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:69
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "initrd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:70 preseed.xml:531
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:70
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:76
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "CD/DVD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:77 preseed.xml:78 preseed.xml:79 preseed.xml:89 preseed.xml:91
+#: preseed.xml:94 preseed.xml:95 preseed.xml:99 preseed.xml:101
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>yes</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:81
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"but only if you have network access, and set <literal>preseed/url</literal> "
+"appropriately"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:88
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netboot"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:90 preseed.xml:100
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>no</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:93
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"hd-media <phrase condition=\"bootable-usb\">(including usb-stick)</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:96
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "yes<footnoteref linkend=\"apx-ps-net\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "generic"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:107
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An important difference between the preseeding methods is the point at which "
+"the preconfiguration file is loaded and processed. For initrd preseeding "
+"this is right at the start of the installation, before the first question is "
+"even asked. Preseeding from the kernel command line happens just after. It "
+"is thus possible to override configuration set in the initrd by editing the "
+"kernel command line (either in the bootloader configuration or manually at "
+"boot time for bootloaders that allow it). For file preseeding this is after "
+"the CD or CD image has been loaded. For network preseeding it is only after "
+"the network has been configured."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Obviously, any questions that have been processed before the "
+"preconfiguration file is loaded cannot be preseeded (this will include "
+"questions that are only displayed at medium or low priority, like the first "
+"hardware detection run). A not so convenient way to avoid these questions "
+"from being asked is to preseed them through the boot parameters, as "
+"described in <xref linkend=\"preseed-bootparms\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:128
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In order to easily avoid the questions that would normally appear before the "
+"preseeding occurs, you can start the installer in <quote>auto</quote> mode. "
+"This delays questions that would normally be asked too early for preseeding "
+"(i.e. language, country and keyboard selection) until after the network "
+"comes up, thus allowing them to be preseeded. It also runs the installation "
+"at critical priority, which avoids many unimportant questions. See <xref "
+"linkend=\"preseed-auto\"/> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:142
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Limitations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:143
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although most questions used by &d-i; can be preseeded using this method, "
+"there are some notable exceptions. You must (re)partition an entire disk or "
+"use available free space on a disk; it is not possible to use existing "
+"partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:217
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using preseeding"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:218
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will first need to create a preconfiguration file and place it in the "
+"location from where you want to use it. Creating the preconfiguration file "
+"is covered later in this appendix. Putting it in the correct location is "
+"fairly straightforward for network preseeding or if you want to read the "
+"file off a usb-stick. If you want to include the file on a CD or DVD, you "
+"will have to remaster the ISO image. How to get the preconfiguration file "
+"included in the initrd is outside the scope of this document; please consult "
+"the developers' documentation for &d-i;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An example preconfiguration file that you can use as basis for your own "
+"preconfiguration file is available from &urlset-example-preseed;. This file "
+"is based on the configuration fragments included in this appendix."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Loading the preconfiguration file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:239
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are using initrd preseeding, you only have to make sure a file named "
+"<filename>preseed.cfg</filename> is included in the root directory of the "
+"initrd. The installer will automatically check if this file is present and "
+"load it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:246
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For the other preseeding methods you need to tell the installer what file to "
+"use when you boot it. This is normally done by passing the kernel a boot "
+"parameter, either manually at boot time or by editing the bootloader "
+"configuration file <phrase arch=\"linux-any\">(e.g. <filename>syslinux.cfg</"
+"filename>) and adding the parameter to the end of the append line(s) for the "
+"kernel.</phrase><phrase arch=\"kfreebsd-any\">(e.g. <filename>grub.cfg</"
+"filename>) and adding the parameter as a new <literal>set</literal> line for "
+"the kernel.</phrase><phrase arch=\"hurd-any\">(e.g. <filename>grub.cfg</"
+"filename>) and adding the parameter to the end of the <filename>gnumach.gz</"
+"filename> line.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:259
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you do specify the preconfiguration file in the bootloader configuration, "
+"you might change the configuration so you don't need to hit enter to boot "
+"the installer. <phrase arch=\"linux-any\">For syslinux this means setting "
+"the timeout to <literal>1</literal> in <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename>.</"
+"phrase><phrase arch=\"kfrebsd-any;hurd-any\">For grub this means setting the "
+"timeout to <literal>0</literal> in <filename>grub.cfg</filename>.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:268
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To make sure the installer gets the right preconfiguration file, you can "
+"optionally specify a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a "
+"md5sum, and if specified it must match the preconfiguration file or the "
+"installer will refuse to use it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:277
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot parameters to specify:\n"
+"- if you're netbooting:\n"
+" preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed.cfg\n"
+" preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n"
+"- or\n"
+" preseed/url=tftp://host/path/to/preseed.cfg\n"
+" preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n"
+"\n"
+"- if you're booting a remastered CD:\n"
+" preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg\n"
+" preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n"
+"\n"
+"- if you're installing from USB media (put the preconfiguration file in the\n"
+" toplevel directory of the USB stick):\n"
+" preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg\n"
+" preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:279
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that <filename>preseed/url</filename> can be shortened to just "
+"<filename>url</filename>, <filename>preseed/file</filename> to just "
+"<filename>file</filename> and <filename>preseed/file/checksum</filename> to "
+"just <filename>preseed-md5</filename> when they are passed as boot "
+"parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:290
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using boot parameters to preseed questions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:291
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If a preconfiguration file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install "
+"can still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values on the "
+"command line when booting the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:297
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot parameters can also be used if you do not really want to use "
+"preseeding, but just want to provide an answer for a specific question. Some "
+"examples where this can be useful are documented elsewhere in this manual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:303
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To set a value to be used inside &d-i;, just pass "
+"<userinput><replaceable>path/to/variable</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
+"replaceable></userinput> for any of the preseed variables listed in the "
+"examples in this appendix. If a value is to be used to configure packages "
+"for the target system, you will need to prepend the <firstterm>owner</"
+"firstterm><footnote> <para> The owner of a debconf variable (or template) is "
+"normally the name of the package that contains the corresponding debconf "
+"template. For variables used in the installer itself the owner is <quote>d-"
+"i</quote>. Templates and variables can have more than one owner which helps "
+"to determine whether they can be removed from the debconf database if the "
+"package is purged. </para> </footnote> of the variable as in "
+"<userinput><replaceable>owner</replaceable>:<replaceable>path/to/variable</"
+"replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput>. If you don't "
+"specify the owner, the value for the variable will not be copied to the "
+"debconf database in the target system and thus remain unused during the "
+"configuration of the relevant package."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:326
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Normally, preseeding a question in this way will mean that the question will "
+"not be asked. To set a specific default value for a question, but still have "
+"the question asked, use <quote>?=</quote> instead of <quote>=</quote> as "
+"operator. See also <xref linkend=\"preseed-seenflag\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:333
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that some variables that are frequently set at the boot prompt have a "
+"shorter alias. If an alias is available, it is used in the examples in this "
+"appendix instead of the full variable. The <literal>preseed/url</literal> "
+"variable for example has been aliased as <literal>url</literal>. Another "
+"example is the <literal>tasks</literal> alias, which translates to "
+"<literal>tasksel:tasksel/first</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:342
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A <quote>---</quote> in the boot options has special meaning. Kernel "
+"parameters that appear after the last <quote>---</quote> may be copied into "
+"the bootloader configuration for the installed system (if supported by the "
+"installer for the bootloader). The installer will automatically filter out "
+"any options (like preconfiguration options) that it recognizes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:351
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Current linux kernels (2.6.9 and later) accept a maximum of 32 command line "
+"options and 32 environment options, including any options added by default "
+"for the installer. If these numbers are exceeded, the kernel will panic "
+"(crash). (For earlier kernels, these numbers were lower.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:359
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For most installations some of the default options in your bootloader "
+"configuration file, like <literal>vga=normal</literal>, may be safely "
+"removed which may allow you to add more options for preseeding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:366
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It may not always be possible to specify values with spaces for boot "
+"parameters, even if you delimit them with quotes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:375
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Auto mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:376
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are several features of &debian; Installer that combine to allow "
+"fairly simple command lines at the boot prompt to result in arbitrarily "
+"complex customized automatic installs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:382
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is enabled by using the <literal>Automated install</literal> boot "
+"choice, also called <literal>auto</literal> for some architectures or boot "
+"methods. In this section, <literal>auto</literal> is thus not a parameter, "
+"it means selecting that boot choice, and appending the following boot "
+"parameters on the boot prompt. <phrase arch=\"x86\">See <xref linkend=\"boot-"
+"screen\"/> for information on how to add a boot parameter.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:391
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To illustrate this, here are some examples that can be used at the boot "
+"prompt: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"auto url=autoserver\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> This relies on there being a DHCP server that "
+"will get the machine to the point where <literal>autoserver</literal> can be "
+"resolved by DNS, perhaps after adding the local domain if that was provided "
+"by DHCP. If this was done at a site where the domain is <literal>example."
+"com</literal>, and they have a reasonably sane DHCP setup, it would result "
+"in the preseed file being retrieved from <literal>http://autoserver.example."
+"com/d-i/&releasename;/./preseed.cfg</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:405
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The last part of that url (<literal>d-i/&releasename;/./preseed.cfg</"
+"literal>) is taken from <literal>auto-install/defaultroot</literal>. By "
+"default this includes the directory <literal>&releasename;</literal> to "
+"allow future versions to specify their own codename and let people migrate "
+"forwards in a controlled manner. The <literal>/./</literal> bit is used to "
+"indicate a root, relative to which subsequent paths can be anchored (for use "
+"in preseed/include and preseed/run). This allows files to be specified "
+"either as full URLs, paths starting with / that are thus anchored, or even "
+"paths relative to the location where the last preseed file was found. This "
+"can be used to construct more portable scripts where an entire hierarchy of "
+"scripts can be moved to a new location without breaking it, for example "
+"copying the files onto a USB stick when they started out on a web server. In "
+"this example, if the preseed file sets <literal>preseed/run</literal> to "
+"<literal>/scripts/late_command.sh</literal> then the file will be fetched "
+"from <literal>http://autoserver.example.com/d-i/&releasename;/./scripts/"
+"late_command.sh</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:425
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If there is no local DHCP or DNS infrastructure, or if you do not want to "
+"use the default path to <filename>preseed.cfg</filename>, you can still use "
+"an explicit url, and if you don't use the <literal>/./</literal> element it "
+"will be anchored to the start of the path (i.e. the third <literal>/</"
+"literal> in the URL). Here is an example that requires minimal support from "
+"the local network infrastructure: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"auto url=<replaceable>http://192.168.1.2/path/to/mypreseed.file</"
+"replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The way this works is that:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:438
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "if the URL is missing a protocol, http is assumed,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:441
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"if the hostname section contains no periods, it has the domain derived from "
+"DHCP appended to it, and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:445
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"if there's no <literal>/</literal>'s after the hostname, then the default "
+"path is added."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:451
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In addition to specifying the url, you can also specify settings that do not "
+"directly affect the behavior of &d-i; itself, but can be passed through to "
+"scripts specified using <literal>preseed/run</literal> in the loaded preseed "
+"file. At present, the only example of this is <literal>auto-install/classes</"
+"literal>, which has an alias <literal>classes</literal>. This can be used "
+"thus: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"auto url=<replaceable>example.com</replaceable> classes=<replaceable>class_A;"
+"class_B</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The classes could for example denote the type of "
+"system to be installed, or the localization to be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:465
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is of course possible to extend this concept, and if you do, it is "
+"reasonable to use the auto-install namespace for this. So one might have "
+"something like <literal>auto-install/style</literal> which is then used in "
+"your scripts. If you feel the need to do this, please mention it on the "
+"<email>debian-boot@lists.debian.org</email> mailing list so that we can "
+"avoid namespace conflicts, and perhaps add an alias for the parameter for "
+"you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:475
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>auto</literal> boot choice is not yet defined on all arches. "
+"The same effect may be achieved by simply adding the two parameters "
+"<literal>auto=true priority=critical</literal> to the kernel command line. "
+"The <literal>auto</literal> kernel parameter is an alias for <literal>auto-"
+"install/enable</literal> and setting it to <literal>true</literal> delays "
+"the locale and keyboard questions until after there has been a chance to "
+"preseed them, while <literal>priority</literal> is an alias for "
+"<literal>debconf/priority</literal> and setting it to <literal>critical</"
+"literal> stops any questions with a lower priority from being asked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:489
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Additional options that may be of interest while attempting to automate an "
+"install while using DHCP are: <literal>interface=auto netcfg/"
+"dhcp_timeout=60</literal> which makes the machine choose the first viable "
+"NIC and be more patient about getting a reply to its DHCP query."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:498
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An extensive example of how to use this framework, including example scripts "
+"and classes, can be found on the <ulink url=\"http://hands.com/d-i/"
+"\">website of its developer</ulink>. The examples available there also show "
+"many other nice effects that can be achieved by creative use of "
+"preconfiguration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:509
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Aliases useful with preseeding"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:510
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following aliases can be useful when using (auto mode) preseeding. Note "
+"that these are simply short aliases for question names, and you always need "
+"to specify a value as well: for example, <literal>auto=true</literal> or "
+"<literal>interface=eth0</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:523
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:523
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debconf/priority"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:524
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>fb</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:524
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/framebuffer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:525
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "language"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:525
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/language"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:526
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "country"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:526
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/country"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:527
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "locale"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:527
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/locale"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:528
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "theme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:528
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "debian-installer/theme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "auto"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "auto-install/enable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:530
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "classes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:530
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "auto-install/classes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:531
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:532
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>url</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:532
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/url"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:533
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "domain"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:533
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netcfg/get_domain"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:534
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "hostname&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:534
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netcfg/get_hostname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:535
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:535
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netcfg/choose_interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:536
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "protocol"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:536
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mirror/protocol"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "suite"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mirror/suite"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:538
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "modules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:538
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "anna/choose_modules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:539
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "recommends"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:539
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "base-installer/install-recommends"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:540
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "tasks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:540
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "tasksel:tasksel/first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:541
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "desktop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:541
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "tasksel:tasksel/desktop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:542
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "dmraid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:542
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "disk-detect/dmraid/enable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:543
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "keymap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:543
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:544
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed-md5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: preseed.xml:544
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "preseed/file/checksum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:551
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using a DHCP server to specify preconfiguration files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:552
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It's also possible to use DHCP to specify a preconfiguration file to "
+"download from the network. DHCP allows specifying a filename. Normally this "
+"is a file to netboot, but if it appears to be an URL then installation media "
+"that support network preseeding will download the file from the URL and use "
+"it as a preconfiguration file. Here is an example of how to set it up in the "
+"dhcpd.conf for version 3 of the ISC DHCP server (the isc-dhcp-server "
+"&debian; package)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:563
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 3) = \"d-i\" {\n"
+" filename \"http://host/preseed.cfg\";\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:565
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the above example limits this filename to DHCP clients that "
+"identify themselves as <quote>d-i</quote>, so it will not affect regular "
+"DHCP clients, but only the installer. You can also put the text in a stanza "
+"for only one particular host to avoid preseeding all installs on your "
+"network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:572
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A good way to use the DHCP preseeding is to only preseed values specific to "
+"your network, such as the &debian; mirror to use. This way installs on your "
+"network will automatically get a good mirror selected, but the rest of the "
+"installation can be performed interactively. Using DHCP preseeding to fully "
+"automate &debian; installs should only be done with care."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:586
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Creating a preconfiguration file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:587
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The preconfiguration file is in the format used by the <command>debconf-set-"
+"selections</command> command. The general format of a line in a "
+"preconfiguration file is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:593
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&lt;owner&gt; &lt;question name&gt; &lt;question type&gt; &lt;value&gt;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:595
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The file should start with <literal>#_preseed_V1</literal>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:607
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are a few rules to keep in mind when writing a preconfiguration file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:614
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Put only a single space or tab between type and value: any additional "
+"whitespace will be interpreted as belonging to the value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:618
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A line can be split into multiple lines by appending a backslash "
+"(<quote><literal>\\</literal></quote>) as the line continuation character. A "
+"good place to split a line is after the question name; a bad place is "
+"between type and value. Split lines will be joined into a single line with "
+"all leading/trailing whitespace condensed to a single space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:625
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For debconf variables (templates) used only in the installer itself, the "
+"owner should be set to <quote>d-i</quote>; to preseed variables used in the "
+"installed system, the name of the package that contains the corresponding "
+"debconf template should be used. Only variables that have their owner set to "
+"something other than <quote>d-i</quote> will be propagated to the debconf "
+"database for the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:633
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Most questions need to be preseeded using the values valid in English and "
+"not the translated values. However, there are some questions (for example in "
+"<classname>partman</classname>) where the translated values need to be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:639
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some questions take a code as value instead of the English text that is "
+"shown during installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:643
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Start with <literal>#_preseed_V1</literal>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:649
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to create a preconfiguration file is to use the example file "
+"linked in <xref linkend=\"preseed-contents\"/> as basis and work from there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:654
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An alternative method is to do a manual installation and then, after "
+"rebooting, use the <command>debconf-get-selections</command> from the "
+"<classname>debconf-utils</classname> package to dump both the debconf "
+"database and the installer's cdebconf database to a single file:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:661
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"$ echo \"#_preseed_V1\" &gt; <replaceable>file</replaceable>\n"
+"$ debconf-get-selections --installer &gt;&gt; <replaceable>file</"
+"replaceable>\n"
+"$ debconf-get-selections &gt;&gt; <replaceable>file</replaceable>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:663
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"However, a file generated in this manner will have some items that should "
+"not be preseeded, and the example file is a better starting place for most "
+"users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:671
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This method relies on the fact that, at the end of the installation, the "
+"installer's cdebconf database is saved to the installed system in <filename>/"
+"var/log/installer/cdebconf</filename>. However, because the database may "
+"contain sensitive information, by default the files are only readable by "
+"root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:679
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The directory <filename>/var/log/installer</filename> and all files in it "
+"will be deleted from your system if you purge the package "
+"<classname>installation-report</classname>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:687
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To check possible values for questions, you can use <command>nano</command> "
+"to examine the files in <filename>/var/lib/cdebconf</filename> while an "
+"installation is in progress. View <filename>templates.dat</filename> for the "
+"raw templates and <filename>questions.dat</filename> for the current values "
+"and for the values assigned to variables."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:695
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To check if the format of your preconfiguration file is valid before "
+"performing an install, you can use the command <command>debconf-set-"
+"selections -c <replaceable>preseed.cfg</replaceable></command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:706
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Contents of the preconfiguration file (for &releasename;)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:712
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that this example is based on an installation for the Intel x86 "
+"architecture. If you are installing a different architecture, some of the "
+"examples (like keyboard selection and bootloader installation) may not be "
+"relevant and will need to be replaced by debconf settings appropriate for "
+"your architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:720
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Details on how the different Debian Installer components actually work can "
+"be found in <xref linkend=\"module-details\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:728
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Localization"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:729
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During a normal install the questions about localization are asked first, so "
+"these values can only be preseeded via the initrd or kernel boot parameter "
+"methods. Auto mode (<xref linkend=\"preseed-auto\"/>) includes the setting "
+"of <literal>auto-install/enable=true</literal> (normally via the "
+"<literal>auto</literal> preseed alias). This delays the asking of the "
+"localisation questions, so that they can be preseeded by any method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:738
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The locale can be used to specify both language and country and can be any "
+"combination of a language supported by &d-i; and a recognized country. If "
+"the combination does not form a valid locale, the installer will "
+"automatically select a locale that is valid for the selected language. To "
+"specify the locale as a boot parameter, use "
+"<userinput>locale=<replaceable>en_US</replaceable></userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:747
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although this method is very easy to use, it does not allow preseeding of "
+"all possible combinations of language, country and locale<footnote> <para> "
+"Preseeding <literal>locale</literal> to <userinput>en_NL</userinput> would "
+"for example result in <literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal> as default locale for "
+"the installed system. If e.g. <literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal> is preferred "
+"instead, the values will need to be preseeded individually. </para> </"
+"footnote>. So alternatively the values can be preseeded individually. "
+"Language and country can also be specified as boot parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:762
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.\n"
+"d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US\n"
+"\n"
+"# The values can also be preseeded individually for greater flexibility.\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/language string en\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/country string NL\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/locale string en_GB.UTF-8\n"
+"# Optionally specify additional locales to be generated.\n"
+"#d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, nl_NL.UTF-8"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:764
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Keyboard configuration consists of selecting a keymap and (for non-latin "
+"keymaps) a toggle key to switch between the non-latin keymap and the US "
+"keymap. Only basic keymap variants are available during installation. "
+"Advanced variants are available only in the installed system, through "
+"<command>dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:772
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Keyboard selection.\n"
+"d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us\n"
+"# d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No toggling"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:774
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To skip keyboard configuration, preseed <classname>keymap</classname> with "
+"<userinput>skip-config</userinput>. This will result in the kernel keymap "
+"remaining active."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:786
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:787
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Of course, preseeding the network configuration won't work if you're loading "
+"your preconfiguration file from the network. But it's great when you're "
+"booting from CD or USB stick. If you are loading preconfiguration files from "
+"the network, you can pass network config parameters by using kernel boot "
+"parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:795
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you need to pick a particular interface when netbooting before loading a "
+"preconfiguration file from the network, use a boot parameter such as "
+"<userinput>interface=<replaceable>eth1</replaceable></userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:801
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although preseeding the network configuration is normally not possible when "
+"using network preseeding (using <quote>preseed/url</quote>), you can use the "
+"following hack to work around that, for example if you'd like to set a "
+"static address for the network interface. The hack is to force the network "
+"configuration to run again after the preconfiguration file has been loaded "
+"by creating a <quote>preseed/run</quote> script containing the following "
+"commands:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:811
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "kill-all-dhcp; netcfg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:813
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The following debconf variables are relevant for network configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:819
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Disable network configuration entirely. This is useful for cdrom\n"
+"# installations on non-networked devices where the network questions,\n"
+"# warning and long timeouts are a nuisance.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/enable boolean false\n"
+"\n"
+"# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it\n"
+"# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.\n"
+"d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto\n"
+"\n"
+"# To pick a particular interface instead:\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1\n"
+"\n"
+"# To set a different link detection timeout (default is 3 seconds).\n"
+"# Values are interpreted as seconds.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10\n"
+"\n"
+"# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for\n"
+"# it, this might be useful.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/dhcpv6_timeout string 60\n"
+"\n"
+"# If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and\n"
+"# the static network configuration below.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and\n"
+"# without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network\n"
+"# configuration below.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually\n"
+"\n"
+"# Static network configuration.\n"
+"#\n"
+"# IPv4 example\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true\n"
+"#\n"
+"# IPv6 example\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string fc00::2\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string fc00::1\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string fc00::1\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over\n"
+"# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions\n"
+"# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.\n"
+"d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname\n"
+"d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain\n"
+"\n"
+"# If you want to force a hostname, regardless of what either the DHCP\n"
+"# server returns or what the reverse DNS entry for the IP is, uncomment\n"
+"# and adjust the following line.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/hostname string somehost\n"
+"\n"
+"# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.\n"
+"d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string\n"
+"# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.\n"
+"#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish\n"
+"\n"
+"# If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can\n"
+"# configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or\n"
+"# change to false to disable asking.\n"
+"#d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:821
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please note that <command>netcfg</command> will automatically determine the "
+"netmask if <classname>netcfg/get_netmask</classname> is not preseeded. In "
+"this case, the variable has to be marked as <literal>seen</literal> for "
+"automatic installations. Similarly, <command>netcfg</command> will choose an "
+"appropriate address if <classname>netcfg/get_gateway</classname> is not set. "
+"As a special case, you can set <classname>netcfg/get_gateway</classname> to "
+"<quote>none</quote> to specify that no gateway should be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:837
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Network console"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:839
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console\n"
+"# component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you\n"
+"# intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.\n"
+"#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console\n"
+"#d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url string http://10.0.0.1/openssh-key\n"
+"#d-i network-console/password password r00tme\n"
+"#d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:844
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mirror settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:845
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Depending on the installation method you use, a mirror may be used to "
+"download additional components of the installer, to install the base system, "
+"and to set up the <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> for the "
+"installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:852
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The parameter <classname>mirror/suite</classname> determines the suite for "
+"the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:857
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The parameter <classname>mirror/udeb/suite</classname> determines the suite "
+"for additional components for the installer. It is only useful to set this "
+"if components are actually downloaded over the network and should match the "
+"suite that was used to build the initrd for the installation method used for "
+"the installation. Normally the installer will automatically use the correct "
+"value and there should be no need to set this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:868
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.\n"
+"#d-i mirror/protocol string ftp\n"
+"d-i mirror/country string manual\n"
+"d-i mirror/http/hostname string &archive-mirror;\n"
+"d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian\n"
+"d-i mirror/http/proxy string\n"
+"\n"
+"# Suite to install.\n"
+"#d-i mirror/suite string testing\n"
+"# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional).\n"
+"#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:873
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Account setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:874
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The password for the root account and name and password for a first regular "
+"user's account can be preseeded. For the passwords you can use either clear "
+"text values or crypt(3) <emphasis>hashes</emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:881
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Be aware that preseeding passwords is not completely secure as everyone with "
+"access to the preconfiguration file will have the knowledge of these "
+"passwords. Storing hashed passwords is considered secure unless a weak "
+"hashing algorithm like DES or MD5 is used which allow for bruteforce "
+"attacks. Recommended password hashing algorithms are SHA-256 and SHA512."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:891
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to\n"
+"# use sudo).\n"
+"#d-i passwd/root-login boolean false\n"
+"# Alternatively, to skip creation of a normal user account.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/make-user boolean false\n"
+"\n"
+"# Root password, either in clear text\n"
+"#d-i passwd/root-password password r00tme\n"
+"#d-i passwd/root-password-again password r00tme\n"
+"# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]\n"
+"\n"
+"# To create a normal user account.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-fullname string Debian User\n"
+"#d-i passwd/username string debian\n"
+"# Normal user's password, either in clear text\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-password password insecure\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-password-again password insecure\n"
+"# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]\n"
+"# Create the first user with the specified UID instead of the default.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-uid string 1010\n"
+"\n"
+"# The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To\n"
+"# override that, use this.\n"
+"#d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:893
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <classname>passwd/root-password-crypted</classname> and "
+"<classname>passwd/user-password-crypted</classname> variables can also be "
+"preseeded with <quote>!</quote> as their value. In that case, the "
+"corresponding account is disabled. This may be convenient for the root "
+"account, provided of course that an alternative method is set up to allow "
+"administrative activities or root login (for instance by using SSH key "
+"authentication or <command>sudo</command>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:903
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following command (available from the <classname>whois</classname> "
+"package) can be used to generate a SHA-512 based crypt(3) hash for a "
+"password:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:908
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mkpasswd -m sha-512"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:914
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Clock and time zone setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:916
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.\n"
+"d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of\n"
+"# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.\n"
+"d-i time/zone string US/Eastern\n"
+"\n"
+"# Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install\n"
+"d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true\n"
+"# NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.\n"
+"#d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:921
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:922
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Using preseeding to partition the harddisk is limited to what is supported "
+"by <classname>partman-auto</classname>. You can choose to partition either "
+"existing free space on a disk or a whole disk. The layout of the disk can be "
+"determined by using a predefined recipe, a custom recipe from a recipe file "
+"or a recipe included in the preconfiguration file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:930
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Preseeding of advanced partition setups using RAID, LVM and encryption is "
+"supported, but not with the full flexibility possible when partitioning "
+"during a non-preseeded install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:936
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The examples below only provide basic information on the use of recipes. For "
+"detailed information see the files <filename>partman-auto-recipe.txt</"
+"filename> and <filename>partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt</filename> included in "
+"the <classname>debian-installer</classname> package. Both files are also "
+"available from the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-doc-devel;\">&d-i; source "
+"repository</ulink>. Note that the supported functionality may change between "
+"releases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:950
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The identification of disks is dependent on the order in which their drivers "
+"are loaded. If there are multiple disks in the system, make very sure the "
+"correct one will be selected before using preseeding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:959
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning example"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:961
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.\n"
+"# This is only honoured if partman-auto/method (below) is not set.\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free\n"
+"\n"
+"# Alternatively, you may specify a disk to partition. If the system has "
+"only\n"
+"# one disk the installer will default to using that, but otherwise the "
+"device\n"
+"# name must be given in traditional, non-devfs format (so e.g. /dev/sda\n"
+"# and not e.g. /dev/discs/disc0/disc).\n"
+"# For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda\n"
+"# In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.\n"
+"# The presently available methods are:\n"
+"# - regular: use the usual partition types for your architecture\n"
+"# - lvm: use LVM to partition the disk\n"
+"# - crypto: use LVM within an encrypted partition\n"
+"d-i partman-auto/method string lvm\n"
+"\n"
+"# You can define the amount of space that will be used for the LVM volume\n"
+"# group. It can either be a size with its unit (eg. 20 GB), a percentage of\n"
+"# free space or the 'max' keyword.\n"
+"d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max\n"
+"\n"
+"# If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned\n"
+"# contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a\n"
+"# warning. This can be preseeded away...\n"
+"d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true\n"
+"# The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:\n"
+"d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true\n"
+"# And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.\n"
+"d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:\n"
+"# - atomic: all files in one partition\n"
+"# - home: separate /home partition\n"
+"# - multi: separate /home, /var, and /tmp partitions\n"
+"d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic\n"
+"\n"
+"# Or provide a recipe of your own...\n"
+"# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can\n"
+"# just point at it.\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe\n"
+"\n"
+"# If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in "
+"one\n"
+"# (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable\n"
+"# swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \\\n"
+"# boot-root :: \\\n"
+"# 40 50 100 ext3 \\\n"
+"# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \\\n"
+"# method{ format } format{ } \\\n"
+"# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \\\n"
+"# mountpoint{ /boot } \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \\\n"
+"# method{ format } format{ } \\\n"
+"# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \\\n"
+"# mountpoint{ / } \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 64 512 300% linux-swap \\\n"
+"# method{ swap } format{ } \\\n"
+"# .\n"
+"\n"
+"# The full recipe format is documented in the file partman-auto-recipe.txt\n"
+"# included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source\n"
+"# repository. This also documents how to specify settings such as file\n"
+"# system labels, volume group names and which physical devices to include\n"
+"# in a volume group.\n"
+"\n"
+"# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided\n"
+"# that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.\n"
+"d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman/choose_partition select finish\n"
+"d-i partman/confirm boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# When disk encryption is enabled, skip wiping the partitions beforehand.\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto-crypto/erase_disks boolean false"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:965
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning using RAID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:966
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also use preseeding to set up partitions on software RAID arrays. "
+"Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10, creating degraded arrays and "
+"specifying spare devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:972
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are using RAID 1, you can preseed grub to install to all devices used "
+"in the array; see <xref linkend=\"preseed-bootloader\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:979
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This type of automated partitioning is easy to get wrong. It is also "
+"functionality that receives relatively little testing from the developers of "
+"&d-i;. The responsibility to get the various recipes right (so they make "
+"sense and don't conflict) lies with the user. Check <filename>/var/log/"
+"syslog</filename> if you run into problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:989
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# The method should be set to \"raid\".\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/method string raid\n"
+"# Specify the disks to be partitioned. They will all get the same layout,\n"
+"# so this will only work if the disks are the same size.\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda /dev/sdb\n"
+"\n"
+"# Next you need to specify the physical partitions that will be used. \n"
+"#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \\\n"
+"# multiraid :: \\\n"
+"# 1000 5000 4000 raid \\\n"
+"# $primary{ } method{ raid } \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 64 512 300% raid \\\n"
+"# method{ raid } \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 500 10000 1000000000 raid \\\n"
+"# method{ raid } \\\n"
+"# .\n"
+"\n"
+"# Last you need to specify how the previously defined partitions will be\n"
+"# used in the RAID setup. Remember to use the correct partition numbers\n"
+"# for logical partitions. RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10 are supported;\n"
+"# devices are separated using \"#\".\n"
+"# Parameters are:\n"
+"# &lt;raidtype&gt; &lt;devcount&gt; &lt;sparecount&gt; &lt;fstype&gt; &lt;"
+"mountpoint&gt; \\\n"
+"# &lt;devices&gt; &lt;sparedevices&gt;\n"
+"\n"
+"#d-i partman-auto-raid/recipe string \\\n"
+"# 1 2 0 ext3 / \\\n"
+"# /dev/sda1#/dev/sdb1 \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 1 2 0 swap - \\\n"
+"# /dev/sda5#/dev/sdb5 \\\n"
+"# . \\\n"
+"# 0 2 0 ext3 /home \\\n"
+"# /dev/sda6#/dev/sdb6 \\\n"
+"# .\n"
+"\n"
+"# For additional information see the file partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt\n"
+"# included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source\n"
+"# repository.\n"
+"\n"
+"# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation.\n"
+"d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman/choose_partition select finish\n"
+"d-i partman/confirm boolean true\n"
+"d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:994
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Controlling how partitions are mounted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:995
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Normally, filesystems are mounted using a universally unique identifier "
+"(UUID) as a key; this allows them to be mounted properly even if their "
+"device name changes. UUIDs are long and difficult to read, so, if you "
+"prefer, the installer can mount filesystems based on the traditional device "
+"names, or based on a label you assign. If you ask the installer to mount by "
+"label, any filesystems without a label will be mounted using a UUID instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Devices with stable names, such as LVM logical volumes, will continue to use "
+"their traditional names rather than UUIDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1011
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Traditional device names may change based on the order in which the kernel "
+"discovers devices at boot, which may cause the wrong filesystem to be "
+"mounted. Similarly, labels are likely to clash if you plug in a new disk or "
+"a USB drive, and if that happens your system's behaviour when started will "
+"be random."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1021
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# The default is to mount by UUID, but you can also choose \"traditional\" "
+"to\n"
+"# use traditional device names, or \"label\" to try filesystem labels "
+"before\n"
+"# falling back to UUIDs.\n"
+"#d-i partman/mount_style select uuid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1027
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Base system installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1028
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There is actually not very much that can be preseeded for this stage of the "
+"installation. The only questions asked concern the installation of the "
+"kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1035
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Configure APT to not install recommended packages by default. Use of this\n"
+"# option can result in an incomplete system and should only be used by very\n"
+"# experienced users.\n"
+"#d-i base-installer/install-recommends boolean false\n"
+"\n"
+"# The kernel image (meta) package to be installed; \"none\" can be used if "
+"no\n"
+"# kernel is to be installed.\n"
+"#d-i base-installer/kernel/image string &kernelpackage;-686"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1040
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Apt setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1041
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Setup of the <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and basic "
+"configuration options is fully automated based on your installation method "
+"and answers to earlier questions. You can optionally add other (local) "
+"repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1049
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true\n"
+"# Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false\n"
+"# Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.\n"
+"# Values shown below are the normal defaults.\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org\n"
+"\n"
+"# Additional repositories, local[0-9] available\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string \\\n"
+"# http://local.server/debian stable main\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server\n"
+"# Enable deb-src lines\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true\n"
+"# URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or\n"
+"# apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the\n"
+"# sources.list line will be left commented out.\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key\n"
+"# If the provided key file ends in \".asc\" the key file needs to be an\n"
+"# ASCII-armoured PGP key, if it ends in \".gpg\" it needs to use the\n"
+"# \"GPG key public keyring\" format, the \"keybox database\" format is\n"
+"# currently not supported.\n"
+"\n"
+"# By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated\n"
+"# using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that\n"
+"# authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# Uncomment this to add multiarch configuration for i386\n"
+"#d-i apt-setup/multiarch string i386"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1054
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Package selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1055
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. "
+"Available tasks as of this writing include:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1063
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>standard</userinput> (standard tools)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1066
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>desktop</userinput> (graphical desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1069
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>gnome-desktop</userinput> (Gnome desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1072
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>xfce-desktop</userinput> (XFCE desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1075
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>kde-desktop</userinput> (KDE Plasma desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1078
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>cinnamon-desktop</userinput> (Cinnamon desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1081
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>mate-desktop</userinput> (MATE desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1084
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>lxde-desktop</userinput> (LXDE desktop)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1087
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>web-server</userinput> (web server)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1090
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>print-server</userinput> (print server)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1093
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<userinput>ssh-server</userinput> (SSH server)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1098
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can also choose to install no tasks, and force the installation of a set "
+"of packages in some other way. We recommend always including the "
+"<userinput>standard</userinput> task."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to install some individual packages in addition to packages "
+"installed by tasks, you can use the parameter <classname>pkgsel/include</"
+"classname>. The value of this parameter can be a list of packages separated "
+"by either commas or spaces, which allows it to be used easily on the kernel "
+"command line as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1114
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, web-server, kde-desktop\n"
+"\n"
+"# Individual additional packages to install\n"
+"#d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential\n"
+"# Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.\n"
+"# Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade\n"
+"#d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none\n"
+"\n"
+"# Some versions of the installer can report back on what software you have\n"
+"# installed, and what software you use. The default is not to report back,\n"
+"# but sending reports helps the project determine what software is most\n"
+"# popular and include it on CDs.\n"
+"#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Boot loader installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1121
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"># Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If "
+"you want lilo installed\n"
+"# instead, uncomment this:\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true\n"
+"# To also skip installing lilo, and install no bootloader, uncomment this\n"
+"# too:\n"
+"#d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true</phrase>\n"
+"<phrase arch=\"kfreebsd-any;hurd-any\"># To install no bootloader, uncomment "
+"this\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true</phrase>\n"
+"\n"
+"# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the "
+"MBR\n"
+"# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.\n"
+"d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if it also finds some "
+"other\n"
+"# OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.\n"
+"d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# Due notably to potential USB sticks, the location of the MBR can not be\n"
+"# determined safely in general, so this needs to be specified:\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda\n"
+"# To install to the first device (assuming it is not a USB stick):\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default\n"
+"\n"
+"# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,\n"
+"# uncomment and edit these lines:\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1)\n"
+"# To install grub to multiple disks:\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1) (hd1,1) (hd2,1)\n"
+"\n"
+"# Optional password for grub, either in clear text\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme\n"
+"# or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).\n"
+"#d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]\n"
+"\n"
+"# Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the\n"
+"# installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).\n"
+"# Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An MD5 hash for a password for <classname>grub</classname> can be generated "
+"using <command>grub-md5-crypt</command>, or using the command from the "
+"example in <xref linkend=\"preseed-account\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1133
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Finishing up the installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1135
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# During installations from serial console, the regular virtual consoles\n"
+"# (VT1-VT6) are normally disabled in /etc/inittab. Uncomment the next\n"
+"# line to prevent this.\n"
+"#d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true\n"
+"\n"
+"# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.\n"
+"d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note\n"
+"\n"
+"# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot,\n"
+"# which is useful in some situations.\n"
+"#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false\n"
+"\n"
+"# This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not\n"
+"# reboot into the installed system.\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true\n"
+"# This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.\n"
+"#d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preseeding other packages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1142
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong\n"
+"# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may\n"
+"# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every\n"
+"# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an\n"
+"# installation, and then run these commands:\n"
+"# debconf-get-selections --installer &gt; file\n"
+"# debconf-get-selections &gt;&gt; file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1149
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Advanced options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1152
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Running custom commands during the installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1153
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A very powerful and flexible option offered by the preconfiguration tools is "
+"the ability to run commands or scripts at certain points in the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1159
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When the filesystem of the target system is mounted, it is available in "
+"<filename>/target</filename>. If an installation CD is used, when it is "
+"mounted it is available in <filename>/cdrom</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1167
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks\n"
+"# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a\n"
+"# preconfiguration file like this one. Only use preconfiguration files from\n"
+"# trusted locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful,\n"
+"# here's a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,\n"
+"# automatically.\n"
+"\n"
+"# This first command is run as early as possible, just after\n"
+"# preseeding is read.\n"
+"#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb\n"
+"# This command is run immediately before the partitioner starts. It may be\n"
+"# useful to apply dynamic partitioner preseeding that depends on the state\n"
+"# of the disks (which may not be visible when preseed/early_command runs).\n"
+"#d-i partman/early_command \\\n"
+"# string debconf-set partman-auto/disk \"$(list-devices disk | head -"
+"n1)\"\n"
+"# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is\n"
+"# still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it\n"
+"# directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install\n"
+"# packages and run commands in the target system.\n"
+"#d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install zsh; in-target chsh -s /bin/zsh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1172
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using preseeding to change default values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1173
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to use preseeding to change the default answer for a "
+"question, but still have the question asked. To do this the <firstterm>seen</"
+"firstterm> flag must be reset to <quote>false</quote> after setting the "
+"value for a question. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"d-i foo/bar string value\n"
+"d-i foo/bar seen false\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The same effect can be achieved for "
+"<emphasis>all</emphasis> questions by setting the parameter "
+"<classname>preseed/interactive=true</classname> at the boot prompt. This can "
+"also be useful for testing or debugging your preconfiguration file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1187
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the <quote>d-i</quote> owner should only be used for variables "
+"used in the installer itself. For variables belonging to packages installed "
+"on the target system, you should use the name of that package instead. See "
+"the footnote to <xref linkend=\"preseed-bootparms\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are preseeding using boot parameters, you can make the installer ask "
+"the corresponding question by using the <quote>?=</quote> operator, i.e. "
+"<userinput><replaceable>foo</replaceable>/<replaceable>bar</replaceable>?"
+"=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput> (or "
+"<userinput><replaceable>owner</replaceable>:<replaceable>foo/bar</"
+"replaceable>?=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput>). This will of "
+"course only have effect for parameters that correspond to questions that are "
+"actually displayed during an installation and not for <quote>internal</"
+"quote> parameters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more debugging information, use the boot parameter "
+"<classname>DEBCONF_DEBUG=5</classname>. This will cause <classname>debconf</"
+"classname> to print much more detail about the current settings of each "
+"variable and about its progress through each package's installation scripts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: preseed.xml:1216
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Chainloading preconfiguration files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1217
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to include other preconfiguration files from a "
+"preconfiguration file. Any settings in those files will override pre-"
+"existing settings from files loaded earlier. This makes it possible to put, "
+"for example, general networking settings for your location in one file and "
+"more specific settings for certain configurations in other files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: preseed.xml:1227
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# More than one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be\n"
+"# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their\n"
+"# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from\n"
+"# the same directory as the preconfiguration file that includes them.\n"
+"#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg\n"
+"\n"
+"# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preconfiguration files\n"
+"# before using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums\n"
+"# in the same order as the list of files to include.\n"
+"#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d\n"
+"\n"
+"# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of\n"
+"# preconfiguration files, includes those files. \n"
+"#d-i preseed/include_command \\\n"
+"# string if [ \"`hostname`\" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi\n"
+"\n"
+"# Most flexibly of all, this downloads a program and runs it. The program\n"
+"# can use commands such as debconf-set to manipulate the debconf database.\n"
+"# More than one script can be listed, separated by spaces.\n"
+"# Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from the same\n"
+"# directory as the preconfiguration file that runs them.\n"
+"#d-i preseed/run string foo.sh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: preseed.xml:1229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is also possible to chainload from the initrd or file preseeding phase, "
+"into network preseeding by setting preseed/url in the earlier files. This "
+"will cause network preseeding to be performed when the network comes up. You "
+"need to be careful when doing this, since there will be two distinct runs at "
+"preseeding, meaning for example that you get another chance to run the "
+"preseed/early command, the second one happening after the network comes up."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/random-bits.po b/po/uk/random-bits.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a856f8c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/random-bits.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1663 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: random-bits_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:4
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Random Bits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:11
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Linux Devices"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:12
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In Linux various special files can be found under the directory <filename>/"
+"dev</filename>. These files are called device files and behave unlike "
+"ordinary files. The most common types of device files are for block devices "
+"and character devices. These files are an interface to the actual driver "
+"(part of the Linux kernel) which in turn accesses the hardware. Another, "
+"less common, type of device file is the named <firstterm>pipe</firstterm>. "
+"The most important device files are listed in the tables below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:27
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>sda</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:28
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "First hard disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:30
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>sdb</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:31
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Second hard disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:33
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sda1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:34
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "First partition of the first hard disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:36
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "sdb7"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:37
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Seventh partition of the second hard disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:43
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>sr0</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:44
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "First CD-ROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:46
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>sr1</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:47
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Second CD-ROM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:53
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ttyS0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:54
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:56
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "ttyS1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:57
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:59
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "psaux"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:60
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "PS/2 mouse device"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:62
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "gpmdata"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:63
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:69
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "cdrom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:70
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:72
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "mouse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:73
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Symbolic link to the mouse device file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:79
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "null"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:80
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Anything written to this device will disappear"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: random-bits.xml:82
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "zero"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:83
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "One can endlessly read zeros out of this device"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:90
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting Up Your Mouse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:91
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window "
+"environment. Normally, this is a simple matter of installing <filename>gpm</"
+"filename> and the X server itself. Both should be configured to use "
+"<filename>/dev/input/mice</filename> as the mouse device. The correct mouse "
+"protocol is named <userinput>exps2</userinput> in gpm, and "
+"<userinput>ExplorerPS/2</userinput> in X. The respective configuration files "
+"are <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename> and <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:102
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Certain kernel modules must be loaded in order for your mouse to work. In "
+"most cases the correct modules are autodetected, but not always for old-"
+"style serial and bus mice<footnote> <para> Serial mice usually have a 9-hole "
+"D-shaped connector; bus mice have an 8-pin round connector, not to be "
+"confused with the 6-pin round connector of a PS/2 mouse or the 4-pin round "
+"connector of an ADB mouse. </para> </footnote>, which are quite rare except "
+"on very old computers. Summary of Linux kernel modules needed for different "
+"mouse types: <informaltable><tgroup cols=\"2\"><thead> <row> <entry>Module</"
+"entry> <entry>Description</entry> </row> </thead><tbody> <row> "
+"<entry>psmouse</entry> <entry>PS/2 mice (should be autodetected)</entry> </"
+"row> <row> <entry>usbhid</entry> <entry>USB mice (should be autodetected)</"
+"entry> </row> <row> <entry>sermouse</entry> <entry>Most serial mice</entry> "
+"</row> <row> <entry>logibm</entry> <entry>Bus mouse connected to Logitech "
+"adapter card</entry> </row> <row> <entry>inport</entry> <entry>Bus mouse "
+"connected to ATI or Microsoft InPort card</entry> </row> </tbody></tgroup></"
+"informaltable> To load a mouse driver module, you can use the "
+"<command>modconf</command> command (from the package with the same name) and "
+"look in the category <userinput>kernel/drivers/input/mouse</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:149
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse when "
+"your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to <filename>/"
+"etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:156
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# 3-button mouse emulation\n"
+"# turn on emulation\n"
+"/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1\n"
+"# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key\n"
+"/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87\n"
+"# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key\n"
+"/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88\n"
+"# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:163
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Disk Space Needed for Tasks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:164
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A standard installation for the amd64 architecture, including all standard "
+"packages and using the default kernel, takes up &std-system-size;MB of disk "
+"space. A minimal base installation, without the <quote>Standard system</"
+"quote> task selected, will take &base-system-size;MB."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:172
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In both cases this is the actual disk space used <emphasis>after</emphasis> "
+"the installation is finished and any temporary files deleted. It also does "
+"not take into account overhead used by the file system, for example for "
+"journal files. This means that significantly more disk space is needed both "
+"<emphasis>during</emphasis> the installation and for normal system use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:181
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in "
+"tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total "
+"installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by "
+"adding up the numbers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:188
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default the installer will install the GNOME desktop environment, but "
+"alternative desktop environments can be selected either by using one of the "
+"special CD images, or by specifying the desired desktop environment when the "
+"installer is booted (see <xref linkend=\"pkgsel\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:195
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size of "
+"the standard installation when determining the size of partitions. Most of "
+"the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in <filename>/"
+"usr</filename> and in <filename>/lib</filename>; the size listed as "
+"<quote>Download size</quote> is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:209
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Task"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:210
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installed size (MB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:211
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Download size (MB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Space needed to install (MB)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:218
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Desktop environment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:219 random-bits.xml:220 random-bits.xml:221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:224
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;GNOME (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:225
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:226
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:227
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-gnome-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:230
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;KDE Plasma"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:231
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-kde-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:232
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-kde-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:233
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-kde-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:236
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;Xfce"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:237
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:239
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-xfce-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:242
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;LXDE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:243
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:245
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-lxde-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:248
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;MATE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:249
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-mate-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:250
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-mate-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:251
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-mate-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:254
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&nbsp;&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;Cinnamon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:255
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:256
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:257
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-desktop-cinnamon-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:261
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Web server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:262
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-web-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:263
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-web-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-web-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:268
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Print server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:269
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-print-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:270
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-print-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:271
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-print-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "SSH server"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:276
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-ssh-inst;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:277
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-ssh-dl;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: random-bits.xml:278
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "&task-ssh-tot;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:284
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command> "
+"may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one "
+"is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; you "
+"should allow up to 350MB in total for download and installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:299
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; from a Unix/Linux System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:301
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; from an existing Unix or "
+"Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as explained in the "
+"rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote> HOWTO has been "
+"requested by users switching to &debian-gnu; from Red Hat, Mandriva, and "
+"SUSE. In this section some familiarity with entering *nix commands and "
+"navigating the file system is assumed. In this section, <prompt>$</prompt> "
+"symbolizes a command to be entered in the user's current system, while "
+"<prompt>#</prompt> refers to a command entered in the &debian; chroot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once you've got the new &debian; system configured to your preference, you "
+"can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on rolling. "
+"This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian-gnu; install. It's "
+"also a clever way for dealing with hardware that otherwise doesn't play "
+"friendly with various boot or installation media."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:324
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As this is a mostly manual procedure, you should bear in mind that you will "
+"need to do a lot of basic configuration of the system yourself, which will "
+"also require more knowledge of &debian; and of &arch-kernel; in general than "
+"performing a regular installation. You cannot expect this procedure to "
+"result in a system that is identical to a system from a regular "
+"installation. You should also keep in mind that this procedure only gives "
+"the basic steps to set up a system. Additional installation and/or "
+"configuration steps may be needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:338
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Getting Started"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as "
+"needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around &base-"
+"system-size;MB of space available for a console only install, or about &task-"
+"desktop-lxde-inst;MB if you plan to install X (more if you intend to install "
+"desktop environments like GNOME or KDE Plasma)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:347
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 "
+"file system on partition <filename>/dev/sda6</filename> (that's our example "
+"root partition): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mke2fs -j /dev/<replaceable>sda6</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> To create an ext2 file system instead, omit "
+"<userinput>-j</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:357
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your "
+"intended &debian; swap partition): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mkswap /dev/<replaceable>sda5</replaceable>\n"
+"# sync\n"
+"# swapon /dev/<replaceable>sda5</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</"
+"filename> (the installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) "
+"filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, "
+"it is referenced later below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:369
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# mkdir /mnt/debinst\n"
+"# mount /dev/<replaceable>sda6</replaceable> /mnt/debinst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:372
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on separate "
+"partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories manually "
+"before proceding with the next stage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:382
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install <command>debootstrap</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:383
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The utility used by the &debian; installer, and recognized as the official "
+"way to install a &debian; base system, is <command>debootstrap</command>. It "
+"uses <command>wget</command> and <command>ar</command>, but otherwise "
+"depends only on <classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux "
+"tools<footnote> <para> These include the GNU core utilities and commands "
+"like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> "
+"and <command>gzip</command>. </para> </footnote>. Install <command>wget</"
+"command> and <command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current "
+"system, then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:413
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work "
+"folder for extracting the .deb into: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mkdir work\n"
+"# cd work\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is "
+"located in the &debian; archive (be sure to select the proper file for your "
+"architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from the "
+"<ulink url=\"http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/\"> pool</"
+"ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. "
+"You will need to have root privileges to install the files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:428
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# ar -x debootstrap_0.X.X_all.deb\n"
+"# cd /\n"
+"# zcat /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:434
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Run <command>debootstrap</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:435
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly from "
+"the archive when you run it. You can substitute any &debian; archive mirror "
+"for <userinput>&archive-mirror;/debian</userinput> in the command example "
+"below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/mirror/list\"></ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:444
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have a &releasename; &debian-gnu; CD mounted at <filename>/cdrom</"
+"filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: "
+"<userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> in the "
+"<command>debootstrap</command> command: <userinput>amd64</userinput>, "
+"<userinput>arm64</userinput>, <userinput>armel</userinput>, "
+"<userinput>armhf</userinput>, <userinput>i386</userinput>, <userinput>mips</"
+"userinput>, <userinput>mips64el</userinput>, <userinput>mipsel</userinput>, "
+"<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, <userinput>ppc64el</userinput>, or "
+"<userinput>s390x</userinput>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH &releasename; \\\n"
+" /mnt/debinst http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If the target architecture is different than the "
+"host, you should add the <userinput>--foreign</userinput> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:476
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure The Base System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:477
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now you've got a real &debian; system, though rather lean, on disk. "
+"<command>chroot</command> into it: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If the target architecture is different from the "
+"host, you will need to first copy qemu-user-static to the new host: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# cp /usr/bin/qemu-ARCH-static /mnt/debinst/usr/bin\n"
+"# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot /mnt/debinst qemu-ARCH-static /bin/bash\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> After chrooting you may need to set the terminal "
+"definition to be compatible with the &debian; base system, for example: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# export TERM=<replaceable>xterm-color</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Depending on the value of TERM, you may have to "
+"install the <classname>ncurses-term</classname> package to get support for "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:497
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the target architecture is different from the host, you need to finish "
+"the multi-stage boot strap:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:501
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:506
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create device files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:507
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this point <filename>/dev/</filename> only contains very basic device "
+"files. For the next steps of the installation additional device files may be "
+"needed. There are different ways to go about this and which method you "
+"should use depends on the host system you are using for the installation, on "
+"whether you intend to use a modular kernel or not, and on whether you intend "
+"to use dynamic (e.g. using <classname>udev</classname>) or static device "
+"files for the new system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:517
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "A few of the available options are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:522
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"install the makedev package, and create a default set of static device files "
+"using (after chrooting)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:526
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# apt install makedev\n"
+"# mount none /proc -t proc\n"
+"# cd /dev\n"
+"# MAKEDEV generic"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"manually create only specific device files using <command>MAKEDEV</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:534
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"bind mount /dev from your host system on top of /dev in the target system; "
+"note that the postinst scripts of some packages may try to create device "
+"files, so this option should only be used with care"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:547
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Mount Partitions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:548
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# editor /etc/fstab\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Here is a sample you can modify to suit: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# /etc/fstab: static file system information.\n"
+"#\n"
+"# file system mount point type options dump pass\n"
+"/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1\n"
+"/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n"
+"\n"
+"/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0\n"
+"proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n"
+"\n"
+"/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0\n"
+"\n"
+"/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n"
+"/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n"
+"/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2\n"
+"/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all "
+"the file systems you have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, "
+"or, to mount file systems individually, use: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mount /path # e.g.: mount /usr\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Current &debian; systems have mountpoints for "
+"removable media under <filename>/media</filename>, but keep compatibility "
+"symlinks in <filename>/</filename>. Create these as as needed, for example: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# cd /media\n"
+"# mkdir cdrom0\n"
+"# ln -s cdrom0 cdrom\n"
+"# cd /\n"
+"# ln -s media/cdrom\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> You can mount the proc file system multiple "
+"times and to arbitrary locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is "
+"customary. If you didn't use <userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to "
+"mount proc before continuing:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:574
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# mount -t proc proc /proc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:576
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty "
+"directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside the "
+"chroot:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:582
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting Timezone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:589
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Setting the third line of the file <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> to "
+"<quote>UTC</quote> or <quote>LOCAL</quote> determines whether the system "
+"will interpret the hardware clock as being set to UTC respective local time. "
+"The following command allows you to set that. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# editor /etc/adjtime\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Here is a sample: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"0.0 0 0.0\n"
+"0\n"
+"UTC\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The following command allows you to choose your "
+"timezone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:603
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:609
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure Networking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:610
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To configure networking, edit <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, "
+"<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> "
+"and <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# editor /etc/network/interfaces\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Here are some simple examples from <filename>/"
+"usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"######################################################################\n"
+"# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)\n"
+"# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are\n"
+"# available.\n"
+"######################################################################\n"
+"\n"
+"# The loopback interface isn't really required any longer, but can be used\n"
+"# if needed.\n"
+"#\n"
+"# auto lo\n"
+"# iface lo inet loopback\n"
+"\n"
+"# To use dhcp:\n"
+"#\n"
+"# auto eth0\n"
+"# iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
+"\n"
+"# An example static IP setup: (network, broadcast and gateway are optional)\n"
+"#\n"
+"# auto eth0\n"
+"# iface eth0 inet static\n"
+"# address 192.168.0.42\n"
+"# network 192.168.0.0\n"
+"# netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
+"# broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
+"# gateway 192.168.0.1\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives "
+"in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# editor /etc/resolv.conf\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> A simple example <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</"
+"filename>: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"search example.com\n"
+"nameserver 10.1.1.36\n"
+"nameserver 192.168.9.100\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 "
+"characters): <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# echo DebianHostName &gt; /etc/hostname\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> And a basic <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> with "
+"IPv6 support: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
+"127.0.1.1 DebianHostName\n"
+"\n"
+"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
+"::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
+"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
+"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
+"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
+"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
+"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> If you have multiple network cards, you should "
+"arrange the names of driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> "
+"file into the desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated "
+"with the interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:651
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure Apt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:652
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debootstrap will have created a very basic <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</"
+"filename> that will allow installing additional packages. However, you may "
+"want to add some additional sources, for example for source packages and "
+"security updates: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian &releasename; main\n"
+"\n"
+"deb http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;/updates main\n"
+"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &releasename;/updates main\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Make sure to run <userinput>apt update</"
+"userinput> after you have made changes to the sources list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:668
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure Locales and Keyboard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:669
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To configure your locale settings to use a language other than English, "
+"install the <classname>locales</classname> support package and configure it. "
+"Currently the use of UTF-8 locales is recommended. "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# apt install locales\n"
+"# dpkg-reconfigure locales\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> To configure your keyboard (if needed):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:679
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# apt install console-setup\n"
+"# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:681
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be "
+"configured for the next reboot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:691
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install a Kernel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:692
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a &arch-kernel; kernel "
+"and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:697
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# apt search &kernelpackage;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:699
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Then install the kernel package of your choice using its package name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:703
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# apt install &kernelpackage;-<replaceable>arch-etc</replaceable>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:709
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Set up the Boot Loader"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:710
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To make your &debian-gnu; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load "
+"the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that "
+"<command>debootstrap</command> does not install a boot loader, but you can "
+"use <command>apt</command> inside your &debian; chroot to do so."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:717
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> <phrase arch=\"x86\">or "
+"<userinput>man lilo.conf</userinput></phrase> for instructions on setting up "
+"the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, "
+"just add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing grub2 "
+"<filename>grub.cfg</filename><phrase arch=\"x86\"> or <filename>lilo.conf</"
+"filename>. For <filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the "
+"new system and edit it there. After you are done editing, call "
+"<command>lilo</command> (remember it will use <filename>lilo.conf</filename> "
+"relative to the system you call it from)</phrase>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:729
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Installing and setting up <classname>grub2</classname> is as easy as: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# apt install grub-pc\n"
+"# grub-install /dev/<replaceable>sda</replaceable>\n"
+"# update-grub\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> The second command will install <command>grub2</"
+"command> (in this case in the MBR of <literal>sda</literal>). The last "
+"command will create a sane and working <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:739
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that this assumes that a <filename>/dev/sda</filename> device file has "
+"been created. There are alternative methods to install <command>grub2</"
+"command>, but those are outside the scope of this appendix."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:745
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:749
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"boot=/dev/<replaceable>sda6</replaceable>\n"
+"root=/dev/<replaceable>sda6</replaceable>\n"
+"install=menu\n"
+"delay=20\n"
+"lba32\n"
+"image=/vmlinuz\n"
+"initrd=/initrd.img\n"
+"label=Debian"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:751
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up "
+"the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install &debian;, "
+"just add an entry for the &debian; install to your existing <filename>yaboot."
+"conf</filename>. You could also copy it to the new system and edit it there. "
+"After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will use <filename>yaboot."
+"conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:761
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an example: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"boot=/dev/sda2\n"
+"device=hd:\n"
+"partition=6\n"
+"root=/dev/sda6\n"
+"magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot\n"
+"timeout=50\n"
+"image=/vmlinux\n"
+"label=Debian\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> On some machines, you may need to use "
+"<userinput>ide0:</userinput> instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:774
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Remote access: Installing SSH and setting up access"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:775
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In case you can login to the system via console, you can skip this section. "
+"If the system should be accessible via the network later on, you need to "
+"install SSH and set up access. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# apt install ssh\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Root login with password is disabled by default, "
+"so setting up access can be done by setting a password and re-enable root "
+"login with password: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# passwd\n"
+"# editor /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> This is the option to be enabled: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"PermitRootLogin yes\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Access can also be set up by adding an ssh key "
+"to the root account: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# mkdir /root/.ssh\n"
+"# cat &lt;&lt; EOF &gt; /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\n"
+"ssh-rsa ....\n"
+"EOF\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Lastly, access can be set up by adding a non-"
+"root user and setting a password:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:799
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"# adduser joe\n"
+"# passwd joe"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:804
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Finishing touches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:805
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As mentioned earlier, the installed system will be very basic. If you would "
+"like to make the system a bit more mature, there is an easy method to "
+"install all packages with <quote>standard</quote> priority: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# tasksel install standard\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Of course, you can also just use <command>apt</"
+"command> to install packages individually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:816
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After the installation there will be a lot of downloaded packages in "
+"<filename>/var/cache/apt/archives/</filename>. You can free up some "
+"diskspace by running:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:822
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# apt clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:833
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:835
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This section explains how to install &debian-gnu; on a computer without an "
+"Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via a Null-"
+"Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway computer should be "
+"connected to a network that has a &debian; mirror on it (e.g. to the "
+"Internet)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:843
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using a "
+"gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). We will "
+"use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP interfaces on the "
+"target system and the source system respectively (these addresses should be "
+"unused within your network address space)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:851
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available "
+"after the reboot into the installed system (see <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/"
+">)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:856
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base "
+"address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target "
+"systems. The most common values are <literal>io=0x378</literal>, "
+"<literal>irq=7</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:866
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:869
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A target computer, called <emphasis>target</emphasis>, where &debian; will "
+"be installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:875
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "System installation media; see <xref linkend=\"installation-media\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:880
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Another computer connected to the Internet, called <emphasis>source</"
+"emphasis>, that will function as the gateway."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:886
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the <ulink url=\"&url-plip-install-howto;"
+"\">PLIP-Install-HOWTO</ulink> for more information on this cable and "
+"instructions how to make your own."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:898
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the "
+"source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: random-bits.xml:904
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"#!/bin/sh\n"
+"\n"
+"# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to\n"
+"# reconfigure them manually.\n"
+"modprobe -r lp parport_pc\n"
+"modprobe parport_pc io=<replaceable>0x378</replaceable> irq=<replaceable>7</"
+"replaceable>\n"
+"modprobe plip\n"
+"\n"
+"# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip)\n"
+"ifconfig <replaceable>plip0 192.168.0.2</replaceable> pointopoint "
+"<replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask 255.255.255.255 up\n"
+"\n"
+"# Configure gateway\n"
+"modprobe iptable_nat\n"
+"iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o <replaceable>ppp0</replaceable> -j "
+"MASQUERADE\n"
+"echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:910
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing target"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:911
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in expert "
+"mode; enter <userinput>expert</userinput> at the boot prompt. If you need to "
+"set parameters for kernel modules, you also need to do this at the boot "
+"prompt. For example, to boot the installer and set values for the <quote>io</"
+"quote> and <quote>irq</quote> options for the parport_pc module, enter the "
+"following at the boot prompt: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"expert parport_pc.io=<replaceable>0x378</replaceable> parport_pc."
+"irq=<replaceable>7</replaceable>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Below are the answers that should be given "
+"during various stages of the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: random-bits.xml:930
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Load installer components from CD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:932
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Select the <userinput>plip-modules</userinput> option from the list; this "
+"will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: random-bits.xml:940
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Detect network hardware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:945
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If target <emphasis>does</emphasis> have a network card, a list of driver "
+"modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to use "
+"plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. Obviously, if "
+"target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not show this list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:954
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will "
+"ask you to select a network driver module from a list. Select the "
+"<userinput>plip</userinput> module."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: random-bits.xml:966
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configure the network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:969
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Auto-configure network with DHCP: No"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:974
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"IP address: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable></userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:979
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Point-to-point address: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable></"
+"userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:985
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on source (see "
+"<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: random-bits.xml:1004
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing &debian-gnu; using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1006
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In some countries PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a common protocol for "
+"broadband (ADSL or cable) connections to an Internet Service Provider. "
+"Setting up a network connection using PPPoE is not supported by default in "
+"the installer, but can be made to work very simply. This section explains "
+"how."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1014
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The PPPoE connection set up during the installation will also be available "
+"after the reboot into the installed system (see <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/"
+">)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1019
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To have the option of setting up and using PPPoE during the installation, "
+"you will need to install using one of the CD-ROM/DVD images that are "
+"available. It is not supported for other installation methods (e.g. netboot)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1026
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Installing over PPPoE is mostly the same as any other installation. The "
+"following steps explain the differences."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1034
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot the installer with the boot parameter <userinput>modules=ppp-udeb</"
+"userinput><footnote arch=\"x86\"> <para> See <xref linkend=\"boot-screen\"/> "
+"for information on how to add a boot parameter. </para> </footnote>. This "
+"will ensure the component responsible for the setup of PPPoE (<classname>ppp-"
+"udeb</classname>) will be loaded and run automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1049
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Follow the regular initial steps of the installation (language, country and "
+"keyboard selection; the loading of additional installer components<footnote> "
+"<para> The <classname>ppp-udeb</classname> component is loaded as one of the "
+"additional components in this step. If you want to install at medium or low "
+"priority (expert mode), you can also manually select the <classname>ppp-"
+"udeb</classname> instead of entering the <quote>modules</quote> parameter at "
+"the boot prompt. </para> </footnote>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1068
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The next step is the detection of network hardware, in order to identify any "
+"Ethernet cards present in the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1074
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After this the actual setup of PPPoE is started. The installer will probe "
+"all the detected Ethernet interfaces in an attempt to find a PPPoE "
+"concentrator (a type of server which handles PPPoE connections)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1080
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is possible that the concentrator will not to be found at the first "
+"attempt. This can happen occasionally on slow or loaded networks or with "
+"faulty servers. In most cases a second attempt to detect the concentrator "
+"will be successful; to retry, select <guimenuitem>Configure and start a "
+"PPPoE connection</guimenuitem> from the main menu of the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1089
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After a concentrator is found, the user will be prompted to type the login "
+"information (the PPPoE username and password)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: random-bits.xml:1095
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this point the installer will use the provided information to establish "
+"the PPPoE connection. If the correct information was provided, the PPPoE "
+"connection should be configured and the installer should be able to use it "
+"to connect to the Internet and retrieve packages over it (if needed). If the "
+"login information is not correct or some error appears, the installer will "
+"stop, but the configuration can be attempted again by selecting the menu "
+"entry <guimenuitem>Configure and start a PPPoE connection</guimenuitem>."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/using-d-i.po b/po/uk/using-d-i.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df582651a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/using-d-i.po
@@ -0,0 +1,4259 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: using-d-i_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using the &debian; Installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:7
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "How the Installer Works"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:8
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; Installer consists of a number of special-purpose components to "
+"perform each installation task. Each component performs its task, asking the "
+"user questions as necessary to do its job. The questions themselves are "
+"given priorities, and the priority of questions to be asked is set when the "
+"installer is started."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:16
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When a default installation is performed, only essential (high priority) "
+"questions will be asked. This results in a highly automated installation "
+"process with little user interaction. Components are automatically run in "
+"sequence; which components are run depends mainly on the installation method "
+"you use and on your hardware. The installer will use default values for "
+"questions that are not asked."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:25
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If there is a problem, the user will see an error screen, and the installer "
+"menu may be shown in order to select some alternative action. If there are "
+"no problems, the user will never see the installer menu, but will simply "
+"answer questions for each component in turn. Serious error notifications are "
+"set to priority <quote>critical</quote> so the user will always be notified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:34
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some of the defaults that the installer uses can be influenced by passing "
+"boot arguments when &d-i; is started. If, for example, you wish to force "
+"static network configuration (IPv6 autoconfiguration and DHCP are used by "
+"default if available), you could add the boot parameter <userinput>netcfg/"
+"disable_autoconfig=true</userinput>. See <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/> "
+"for available options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:43
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Power users may be more comfortable with a menu-driven interface, where each "
+"step is controlled by the user rather than the installer performing each "
+"step automatically in sequence. To use the installer in a manual, menu-"
+"driven way, add the boot argument <userinput>priority=medium</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:51
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your hardware requires you to pass options to kernel modules as they are "
+"installed, you will need to start the installer in <quote>expert</quote> "
+"mode. This can be done by either using the <command>expert</command> command "
+"to start the installer or by adding the boot argument "
+"<userinput>priority=low</userinput>. Expert mode gives you full control over "
+"&d-i;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:60
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a "
+"graphical one and a character-based one. The graphical interface is used by "
+"default unless you select an <quote>Install</quote> option in the boot menu. "
+"For more information about the graphical installer, please refer to <xref "
+"linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:68
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For this architecture the &d-i; supports two different user interfaces: a "
+"character-based one and a graphical one. The character-based interface is "
+"used by default unless you select the <quote>Graphical install</quote> "
+"option on purpose. For more information about the graphical installer, "
+"please refer to <xref linkend=\"graphical\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:76
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For this architecture the installer uses a character-based user interface. A "
+"graphical user interface is currently not available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:81
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the character-based environment the use of a mouse is not supported. Here "
+"are the keys you can use to navigate within the various dialogs. The "
+"<keycap>Tab</keycap> or <keycap>right</keycap> arrow keys move "
+"<quote>forward</quote>, and the <keycombo> <keycap>Shift</keycap> "
+"<keycap>Tab</keycap> </keycombo> or <keycap>left</keycap> arrow keys move "
+"<quote>backward</quote> between displayed buttons and selections. The "
+"<keycap>up</keycap> and <keycap>down</keycap> arrow select different items "
+"within a scrollable list, and also scroll the list itself. In addition, in "
+"long lists, you can type a letter to cause the list to scroll directly to "
+"the section with items starting with the letter you typed and use <keycap>Pg-"
+"Up</keycap> and <keycap>Pg-Down</keycap> to scroll the list in sections. The "
+"<keycap>space bar</keycap> selects an item such as a checkbox. Use "
+"&enterkey; to activate choices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:98
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some dialogs may offer additional help information. If help is available "
+"this will be indicated on the bottom line of the screen by displaying that "
+"help information can be accessed by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:104
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"S/390 does not support virtual consoles. You may open a second and third ssh "
+"session to view the logs described below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:109
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Error messages and logs are redirected to the fourth console. You can access "
+"this console by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</"
+"keycap></keycombo> (hold the left <keycap>Alt</keycap> key while pressing "
+"the <keycap>F4</keycap> function key); get back to the main installer "
+"process with <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></"
+"keycombo>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These messages can also be found in <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. "
+"After installation, this log is copied to <filename>/var/log/installer/"
+"syslog</filename> on your new system. Other installation messages may be "
+"found in <filename>/var/log/</filename> during the installation, and "
+"<filename>/var/log/installer/</filename> after the computer has been booted "
+"into the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:132
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using the graphical installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:133
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The graphical installer basically works the same as the text-based installer "
+"and thus the rest of this manual can be used to guide you through the "
+"installation process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:139
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you prefer using the keyboard over the mouse, there are two things you "
+"need to know. To expand a collapsed list (used for example for the selection "
+"of countries within continents), you can use the <keycap>+</keycap> and "
+"<keycap>-</keycap> keys. For questions where more than one item can be "
+"selected (e.g. task selection), you first need to tab to the &BTN-CONT; "
+"button after making your selections; hitting enter will toggle a selection, "
+"not activate &BTN-CONT;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:149
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If a dialog offers additional help information, a <guibutton>Help</"
+"guibutton> button will be displayed. The help information can be accessed "
+"either by activating the button or by pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To switch to another console, you will also need to use the <keycap>Ctrl</"
+"keycap> key, just as with the X Window System. For example, to switch to VT2 "
+"(the first debug shell) you would use: <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> "
+"<keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F2</keycap> </keycombo>. The graphical "
+"installer itself runs on VT5, so you can use <keycombo> <keycap>Left Alt</"
+"keycap> <keycap>F5</keycap> </keycombo> to switch back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:169
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Components Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:170
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here is a list of installer components with a brief description of each "
+"component's purpose. Details you might need to know about using a particular "
+"component are in <xref linkend=\"module-details\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:181
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "main-menu"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:181
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Shows the list of components to the user during installer operation, and "
+"starts a component when it is selected. Main-menu's questions are set to "
+"priority medium, so if your priority is set to high or critical (high is the "
+"default), you will not see the menu. On the other hand, if there is an error "
+"which requires your intervention, the question priority may be downgraded "
+"temporarily to allow you to resolve the problem, and in that case the menu "
+"may appear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:191
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You can get to the main menu by selecting the &BTN-GOBACK; button repeatedly "
+"to back all the way out of the currently running component."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:200
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "localechooser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:200
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Allows the user to select localization options for the installation and the "
+"installed system: language, country and locales. The installer will display "
+"messages in the selected language, unless the translation for that language "
+"is not complete in which case some messages may be shown in English."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "console-setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Shows a list of keyboard (layouts), from which the user chooses the one "
+"which matches his own model."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "hw-detect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Automatically detects most of the system's hardware, including network "
+"cards, disk drives, and PCMCIA."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:230
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "cdrom-detect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:230
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Looks for and mounts a &debian; installation CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "netcfg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Configures the computer's network connections so it can communicate over the "
+"internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:247
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "iso-scan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:247
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Searches for ISO images (<filename>.iso</filename> files) on hard drives."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:255
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "choose-mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:255
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Presents a list of &debian; archive mirrors. The user may choose the source "
+"of his installation packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "cdrom-checker"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Checks integrity of a CD-ROM. This way, the user may assure him/herself that "
+"the installation CD-ROM was not corrupted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "lowmem"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Lowmem tries to detect systems with low memory and then does various tricks "
+"to remove unnecessary parts of &d-i; from the memory (at the cost of some "
+"features)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:283
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "anna"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:283
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Anna's Not Nearly APT. Installs packages which have been retrieved from the "
+"chosen mirror or CD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:292
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "user-setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:292
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Sets up the root password, and adds a non-root user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:300
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "clock-setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:300
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Updates the system clock and determines whether the clock is set to UTC or "
+"not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:309
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "tzsetup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:309
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Selects the time zone, based on the location selected earlier."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:317
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "partman"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:317
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system, create file "
+"systems on the selected partitions, and attach them to the mountpoints. "
+"Included are also interesting features like a fully automatic mode or LVM "
+"support. This is the preferred partitioning tool in &debian;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:329
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "partitioner"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:329
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Allows the user to partition disks attached to the system. A partitioning "
+"program appropriate to your computer's architecture is chosen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "partconf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:339
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Displays a list of partitions, and creates file systems on the selected "
+"partitions according to user instructions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:348
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "partman-lvm"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:348
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Helps the user with the configuration of the <firstterm>LVM</firstterm> "
+"(Logical Volume Manager)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:357
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "partman-md"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:357
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Allows the user to set up Software <firstterm>RAID</firstterm> (Redundant "
+"Array of Inexpensive Disks). This Software RAID is usually superior to the "
+"cheap IDE (pseudo hardware) RAID controllers found on newer motherboards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "base-installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Installs the most basic set of packages which would allow the computer to "
+"operate under &debian-gnu; when rebooted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:377
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "apt-setup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:377
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Configures apt, mostly automatically, based on what media the installer is "
+"running from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:386
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "pkgsel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:386
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Uses <classname>tasksel</classname> to select and install additional "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:394
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "os-prober"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:394
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Detects currently installed operating systems on the computer and passes "
+"this information to the bootloader-installer, which may offer you an ability "
+"to add discovered operating systems to the bootloader's start menu. This way "
+"the user could easily choose at the boot time which operating system to "
+"start."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:406
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "bootloader-installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:406
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The various bootloader installers each install a boot loader program on the "
+"hard disk, which is necessary for the computer to start up using &arch-"
+"kernel; without using a USB stick or CD-ROM. Many boot loaders allow the "
+"user to choose an alternate operating system each time the computer boots."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:417
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:417
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Allows the user to execute a shell from the menu, or in the second console."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:426
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "save-logs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:426
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Provides a way for the user to record information on a USB stick, network, "
+"hard disk, or other media when trouble is encountered, in order to "
+"accurately report installer software problems to &debian; developers later."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:444
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using Individual Components"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:445
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In this section we will describe each installer component in detail. The "
+"components have been grouped into stages that should be recognizable for "
+"users. They are presented in the order they appear during the install. Note "
+"that not all modules will be used for every installation; which modules are "
+"actually used depends on the installation method you use and on your "
+"hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:457
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting up &debian; Installer and Hardware Configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:458
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Let's assume the &debian; Installer has booted and you are facing its first "
+"screen. At this time, the capabilities of &d-i; are still quite limited. It "
+"doesn't know much about your hardware, preferred language, or even the task "
+"it should perform. Don't worry. Because &d-i; is quite clever, it can "
+"automatically probe your hardware, locate the rest of its components and "
+"upgrade itself to a capable installation system. However, you still need to "
+"help &d-i; with some information it can't determine automatically (like "
+"selecting your preferred language, keyboard layout or desired network "
+"mirror)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:471
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will notice that &d-i; performs <firstterm>hardware detection</"
+"firstterm> several times during this stage. The first time is targeted "
+"specifically at the hardware needed to load installer components (e.g. your "
+"CD-ROM or network card). As not all drivers may be available during this "
+"first run, hardware detection needs to be repeated later in the process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:479
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During hardware detection &d-i; checks if any of the drivers for the "
+"hardware devices in your system require firmware to be loaded. If any "
+"firmware is requested but unavailable, a dialog will be displayed that "
+"allows the missing firmware to be loaded from a removable medium. See <xref "
+"linkend=\"loading-firmware\"/> for further details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:494
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Check available memory / low memory mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:496
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One of the first things &d-i; does, is to check available memory. If the "
+"available memory is limited, this component will make some changes in the "
+"installation process which hopefully will allow you to install &debian-gnu; "
+"on your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:503
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The first measure taken to reduce memory consumption by the installer is to "
+"disable translations, which means that the installation can only be done in "
+"English. Of course, you can still localize the installed system after the "
+"installation has completed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:510
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If that is not sufficient, the installer will further reduce memory "
+"consumption by loading only those components essential to complete a basic "
+"installation. This reduces the functionality of the installation system. You "
+"will be given the opportunity to load additional components manually, but "
+"you should be aware that each component you select will use additional "
+"memory and thus may cause the installation to fail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:519
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the installer runs in low memory mode, it is recommended to create a "
+"relatively large swap partition (64&ndash;128MB). The swap partition will be "
+"used as virtual memory and thus increases the amount of memory available to "
+"the system. The installer will activate the swap partition as early as "
+"possible in the installation process. Note that heavy use of swap will "
+"reduce performance of your system and may lead to high disk activity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Despite these measures, it is still possible that your system freezes, that "
+"unexpected errors occur or that processes are killed by the kernel because "
+"the system runs out of memory (which will result in <quote>Out of memory</"
+"quote> messages on VT4 and in the syslog)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:536
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For example, it has been reported that creating a big ext3 file system fails "
+"in low memory mode when there is insufficient swap space. If a larger swap "
+"doesn't help, try creating the file system as ext2 (which is an essential "
+"component of the installer) instead. It is possible to change an ext2 "
+"partition to ext3 after the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:544
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to force the installer to use a higher lowmem level than the "
+"one based on available memory by using the boot parameter <quote>lowmem</"
+"quote> as described in <xref linkend=\"installer-args\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:559
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Selecting Localization Options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:561
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In most cases the first questions you will be asked concern the selection of "
+"localization options to be used both for the installation and for the "
+"installed system. The localization options consist of language, location and "
+"locales."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:568
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The language you choose will be used for the rest of the installation "
+"process, provided a translation of the different dialogs is available. If no "
+"valid translation is available for the selected language, the installer will "
+"default to English."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:575
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The selected geographic location (in most cases a country) will be used "
+"later in the installation process to select the correct time zone and a "
+"&debian; mirror appropriate for that country. Language and country together "
+"will help determine the default locale for your system and select the "
+"correct keyboard layout."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:583
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will first be asked to select your preferred language. The language "
+"names are listed both in English (left side) and in the language itself "
+"(right side); the names on the right side are also shown in the proper "
+"script for the language. The list is sorted on the English names. At the top "
+"of the list is an extra option that allows you to select the <quote>C</"
+"quote> locale instead of a language. Choosing the <quote>C</quote> locale "
+"will result in the installation proceding in English; the installed system "
+"will have no localization support as the <classname>locales</classname> "
+"package will not be installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:595
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next you will be asked to select your geographic location. If you selected a "
+"language that is recognized as an official language for more than one "
+"country<footnote> <para> In technical terms: where multiple locales exist "
+"for that language with differing country codes. </para> </footnote>, you "
+"will be shown a list of only those countries. To select a country that is "
+"not in that list, choose <guimenuitem>other</guimenuitem> (the last option). "
+"You will then be presented with a list of continents; selecting a continent "
+"will lead to a list of relevant countries on that continent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:612
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the language has only one country associated with it, a list of countries "
+"will be displayed for the continent or region the country belongs to, with "
+"that country selected as the default. Use the <guibutton>Go Back</guibutton> "
+"option to select countries on a different continent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:619
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is important to select the country where you live or where you are "
+"located as it determines the time zone that will be configured for the "
+"installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:625
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you selected a combination of language and country for which no locale is "
+"defined and there exist multiple locales for the language, then the "
+"installer will allow you to choose which of those locales you prefer as the "
+"default locale for the installed system<footnote> <para> At medium and low "
+"priority you can always select your preferred locale from those available "
+"for the selected language (if there's more than one). </para> </footnote>. "
+"In all other cases a default locale will be selected based on the selected "
+"language and country."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:640
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any default locale selected as described in the previous paragraph will use "
+"<firstterm>UTF-8</firstterm> as character encoding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:645
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing at low priority, you will have the option of selecting "
+"additional locales, including so-called <quote>legacy</quote> "
+"locales<footnote> <para> Legacy locales are locales which do not use UTF-8, "
+"but one of the older standards for character encoding such as "
+"ISO&nbsp;8859-1 (used by West European languages) or EUC-JP (used by "
+"Japanese). </para> </footnote>, to be generated for the installed system; if "
+"you do, you will be asked which of the selected locales should be the "
+"default for the installed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:669
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Choosing a Keyboard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:671
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Keyboards are often tailored to the characters used in a language. Select a "
+"layout that conforms to the keyboard you are using, or select something "
+"close if the keyboard layout you want isn't represented. Once the system "
+"installation is complete, you'll be able to select a keyboard layout from a "
+"wider range of choices (run <command>dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-"
+"configuration</command> as root after you have completed the installation)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:681
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Move the highlight to the keyboard selection you desire and press "
+"&enterkey;. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight &mdash; they are in the "
+"same place in all national language keyboard layouts, so they are "
+"independent of the keyboard configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:708
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Looking for the &debian; Installer ISO Image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:709
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When installing via the <emphasis>hd-media</emphasis> method, there will be "
+"a moment where you need to find and mount the &debian; Installer iso image "
+"in order to get the rest of the installation files. The component "
+"<command>iso-scan</command> does exactly this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:716
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At first, <command>iso-scan</command> automatically mounts all block devices "
+"(e.g. partitions and logical volumes) which have some known filesystem on "
+"them and sequentially searches for filenames ending with <filename>.iso</"
+"filename> (or <filename>.ISO</filename> for that matter). Beware that the "
+"first attempt scans only files in the root directory and in the first level "
+"of subdirectories (i.e. it finds <filename>/<replaceable>whatever</"
+"replaceable>.iso</filename>, <filename>/data/<replaceable>whatever</"
+"replaceable>.iso</filename>, but not <filename>/data/tmp/"
+"<replaceable>whatever</replaceable>.iso</filename>). After an iso image has "
+"been found, <command>iso-scan</command> checks its content to determine if "
+"the image is a valid &debian; iso image or not. In the former case we are "
+"done, in the latter <command>iso-scan</command> seeks for another image."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:733
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In case the previous attempt to find an installer iso image fails, "
+"<command>iso-scan</command> will ask you whether you would like to perform a "
+"more thorough search. This pass doesn't just look into the topmost "
+"directories, but really traverses whole filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:740
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If <command>iso-scan</command> does not discover your installer iso image, "
+"reboot back to your original operating system and check if the image is "
+"named correctly (ending in <filename>.iso</filename>), if it is placed on a "
+"filesystem recognizable by &d-i;, and if it is not corrupted (verify the "
+"checksum). Experienced Unix users could do this without rebooting on the "
+"second console."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:749
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the partition (or disk) hosting the ISO image can't be reused "
+"during the installation process as it will be in use by the installer. To "
+"work-around this, and provided that you have enough system memory, the "
+"installer can copy the ISO image into RAM before mounting it. This is "
+"controlled by the low priority <literal>iso-scan/copy_iso_to_ram</literal> "
+"debconf question (it is only asked if the memory requirement is met)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:772
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As you enter this step, if the system detects that you have more than one "
+"network device, you'll be asked to choose which device will be your "
+"<emphasis>primary</emphasis> network interface, i.e. the one which you want "
+"to use for installation. The other interfaces won't be configured at this "
+"time. You may configure additional interfaces after installation is "
+"complete; see the <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle> "
+"<manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> man page."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:786
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Automatic network configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:787
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, &d-i; tries to configure your computer's network automatically "
+"as far as possible. If the automatic configuration fails, that may be caused "
+"by many factors ranging from an unplugged network cable to missing "
+"infrastructure for automatic configuration. For further explanation in case "
+"of errors, check the error messages on the fourth console. In any case, you "
+"will be asked if you want to retry, or if you want to perform a manual "
+"setup. Sometimes the network services used for autoconfiguration can be slow "
+"in their responses, so if you are sure everything is in place, simply start "
+"the autoconfiguration attempt again. If autoconfiguration fails repeatedly, "
+"you can instead choose the manual network setup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:806
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Manual network configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:807
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The manual network setup in turn asks you a number of questions about your "
+"network, notably <computeroutput>IP address</computeroutput>, "
+"<computeroutput>Netmask</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Gateway</"
+"computeroutput>, <computeroutput>Name server addresses</computeroutput>, and "
+"a <computeroutput>Hostname</computeroutput>. Moreover, if you have a "
+"wireless network interface, you will be asked to provide your "
+"<computeroutput>Wireless ESSID</computeroutput> (<quote>wireless network "
+"name</quote>) and a <computeroutput>WEP key</computeroutput> or "
+"<computeroutput>WPA/WPA2 passphrase</computeroutput>. Fill in the answers "
+"from <xref linkend=\"needed-info\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:823
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some technical details you might, or might not, find handy: the program "
+"assumes the network IP address is the bitwise-AND of your system's IP "
+"address and your netmask. The default broadcast address is calculated as the "
+"bitwise OR of your system's IP address with the bitwise negation of the "
+"netmask. It will also guess your gateway. If you can't find any of these "
+"answers, use the offered defaults &mdash; if necessary, you can change them "
+"by editing <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> once the system has "
+"been installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:838
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IPv4 and IPv6"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:839
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"From &debian-gnu; 7.0 (<quote>Wheezy</quote>) onwards, &d-i; supports IPv6 "
+"as well as the <quote>classic</quote> IPv4. All combinations of IPv4 and "
+"IPv6 (IPv4-only, IPv6-only and dual-stack configurations) are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:845
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Autoconfiguration for IPv4 is done via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration "
+"Protocol). Autoconfiguration for IPv6 supports stateless autoconfiguration "
+"using NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol, including recursive DNS server "
+"(RDNSS) assignment), stateful autoconfiguration via DHCPv6 and mixed "
+"stateless/stateful autoconfiguration (address configuration via NDP, "
+"additional parameters via DHCPv6)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:889
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting Up Users And Passwords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:890
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Just before configuring the clock, the installer will allow you to set up "
+"the <quote>root</quote> account and/or an account for the first user. Other "
+"user accounts can be created after the installation has been completed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:904
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Set the Root Password"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:906
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <emphasis>root</emphasis> account is also called the <emphasis>super-"
+"user</emphasis>; it is a login that bypasses all security protection on your "
+"system. The root account should only be used to perform system "
+"administration, and only used for as short a time as possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:914
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any password you create should contain at least 6 characters, and should "
+"contain both upper- and lower-case characters, as well as punctuation "
+"characters. Take extra care when setting your root password, since it is "
+"such a powerful account. Avoid dictionary words or use of any personal "
+"information which could be guessed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:922
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If anyone ever tells you they need your root password, be extremely wary. "
+"You should normally never give your root password out, unless you are "
+"administering a machine with more than one system administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:928
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In case you do not specify a password for the <quote>root</quote> user here, "
+"this account will be disabled but the <command>sudo</command> package will "
+"be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the "
+"new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed "
+"to use the <command>sudo</command> command to become root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:940
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create an Ordinary User"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:942
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The system will ask you whether you wish to create an ordinary user account "
+"at this point. This account should be your main personal log-in. You should "
+"<emphasis>not</emphasis> use the root account for daily use or as your "
+"personal login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:951
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Why not? Well, one reason to avoid using root's privileges is that it is "
+"very easy to do irreparable damage as root. Another reason is that you might "
+"be tricked into running a <emphasis>Trojan-horse</emphasis> program &mdash; "
+"that is a program that takes advantage of your super-user powers to "
+"compromise the security of your system behind your back. Any good book on "
+"Unix system administration will cover this topic in more detail &mdash; "
+"consider reading one if it is new to you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:961
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will first be prompted for the user's full name. Then you'll be asked "
+"for a name for the user account; generally your first name or something "
+"similar will suffice and indeed will be the default. Finally, you will be "
+"prompted for a password for this account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:968
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If at any point after installation you would like to create another account, "
+"use the <command>adduser</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:983
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Clock and Time Zone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:985
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer will first attempt to connect to a time server on the Internet "
+"(using the <firstterm>NTP</firstterm> protocol) in order to correctly set "
+"the system time. If this does not succeed, the installer will assume the "
+"time and date obtained from the system clock when the installation system "
+"was booted are correct. It is not possible to manually set the system time "
+"during the installation process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:994
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The installer does not modify the system clock on the S/390 platform."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1007
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Depending on the location selected earlier in the installation process, you "
+"may be shown a list of time zones relevant for that location. If your "
+"location has only one time zone and you are doing a default installation, "
+"you will not be asked anything and the system will assume that time zone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1015
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In expert mode or when installing at medium priority, you will have the "
+"additional option to select <quote>Coordinated Universal Time</quote> (UTC) "
+"as time zone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1021
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If for some reason you wish to set a time zone for the installed system that "
+"does <emphasis>not</emphasis> match the selected location, there are two "
+"options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1032
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The simplest option is to just select a different time zone after the "
+"installation has been completed and you've booted into the new system. The "
+"command to do this is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: screen
+#: using-d-i.xml:1038
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1044
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Alternatively, the time zone can be set at the very start of the "
+"installation by passing the parameter <userinput>time/"
+"zone=<replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput> when you boot the "
+"installation system. The value should of course be a valid time zone, for "
+"example <userinput>Europe/London</userinput> or <userinput>UTC</userinput>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1058
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For automated installations the time zone can be set to any desired value "
+"using preseeding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1071
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning and Mount Point Selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1072
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this time, after hardware detection has been executed a final time, &d-i; "
+"should be at its full strength, customized for the user's needs and ready to "
+"do some real work. As the title of this section indicates, the main task of "
+"the next few components lies in partitioning your disks, creating "
+"filesystems, assigning mountpoints and optionally configuring closely "
+"related options like RAID, LVM or encrypted devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1093
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are uncomfortable with partitioning, or just want to know more "
+"details, see <xref linkend=\"partitioning\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1099
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If a hard disk has previously used under Solaris, the partitioner may not "
+"detect the size of the drive correctly. Creating a new partition table does "
+"not fix this issue. What does help, is to <quote>zero</quote> the first few "
+"sectors of the drive: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable> bs=512 count=2; "
+"sync\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Note that this will make any existing data on "
+"that disk inaccessible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1112
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"First you will be given the opportunity to automatically partition either an "
+"entire drive, or available free space on a drive. This is also called "
+"<quote>guided</quote> partitioning. If you do not want to autopartition, "
+"choose <guimenuitem>Manual</guimenuitem> from the menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1122
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Supported partitioning options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The partitioner used in &d-i; is fairly versatile. It allows to create many "
+"different partitioning schemes, using various partition tables, file systems "
+"and advanced block devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Exactly which options are available depends mainly on the architecture, but "
+"also on other factors. For example, on systems with limited internal memory "
+"some options may not be available. Defaults may vary as well. The type of "
+"partition table used by default can for example be different for large "
+"capacity hard disks than for smaller hard disks. Some options can only be "
+"changed when installing at medium or low debconf priority; at higher "
+"priorities sensible defaults will be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1140
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer supports various forms of advanced partitioning and use of "
+"storage devices, which in many cases can be used in combination."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1147
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Logical Volume Management (LVM)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1150
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Software RAID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1151
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Supported are RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1155
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Encryption"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1157
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Serial ATA RAID</emphasis> (using <classname>dmraid</classname>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1159
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Also called <quote>fake RAID</quote> or <quote>BIOS RAID</quote>. Support "
+"for Serial ATA RAID is currently only available if enabled when the "
+"installer is booted. Further information is available on <ulink url=\"&url-d-"
+"i-sataraid;\">our Wiki</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1165
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>Multipath</emphasis> (experimental)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1167
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"See <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-multipath;\">our Wiki</ulink> for information. "
+"Support for multipath is currently only available if enabled when the "
+"installer is booted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1174
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The following file systems are supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1179
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase arch=\"arm;mipsel;mips64el\"><emphasis>ext2r0</emphasis>,</phrase> "
+"<emphasis>ext2</emphasis>, <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext3</"
+"emphasis>,</phrase> <phrase arch=\"linux-any\"><emphasis>ext4</emphasis></"
+"phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1184
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The default file system selected in most cases is ext4; for <filename>/boot</"
+"filename> partitions ext2 will be selected by default when guided "
+"partitioning is used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1189
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>jfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1193
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>ufs</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "The default file system is UFS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1197
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>xfs</emphasis> (not available on all architectures)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1201
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>zfs</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1202
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As ZFS support in the installer is still in development, only a basic subset "
+"of ZFS features are supported. Some of them can be enabled manually after "
+"the initial install, but there are some caveats:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1207
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Each ZFS pool will host only one filesystem. After install is finished, more "
+"filesystems can be created on this pool by using the <quote>zfs create</"
+"quote> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Each ZFS pool will be composed of exactly one partition. After install is "
+"finished, a single-device ZFS pool can be converted into a multi-device pool "
+"by using the <quote>zpool add</quote> command, or into a mirrored pool by "
+"using the <quote>zpool attach</quote> command. However, you shouldn't do "
+"this on the pool that hosts root filesystem, as it would prevent GRUB from "
+"booting your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1220
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Compression is not currently supported. After the install is finished, "
+"compression can be enabled by setting the <quote>compression</quote> "
+"property via the <quote>zfs set</quote> command. However, if a compression "
+"algorithm other than the default (lzjb) is used on the pool that hosts your "
+"root filesystem, this may prevent GRUB from booting your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>reiserfs</emphasis> (optional; not available on all architectures)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1231
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Support for the Reiser file system is no longer available by default. When "
+"the installer is running at medium or low debconf priority it can be enabled "
+"by selecting the <classname>partman-reiserfs</classname> component. Only "
+"version 3 of the file system is supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "jffs2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1239
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Used on some systems to read flash memory. It is not possible to create new "
+"jffs2 partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: emphasis
+#: using-d-i.xml:1244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "qnx4"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1245
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Existing partitions will be recognized and it is possible to assign mount "
+"points for them. It is not possible to create new qnx4 partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1249
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>FAT16</emphasis>, <emphasis>FAT32</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1252
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<emphasis>NTFS</emphasis> (read-only)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1254
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Existing NTFS partitions can be resized and it is possible to assign mount "
+"points for them. It is not possible to create new NTFS partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Guided Partitioning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1265
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you choose guided partitioning, you may have three options: to create "
+"partitions directly on the hard disk (classic method), or to create them "
+"using Logical Volume Management (LVM), or to create them using encrypted "
+"LVM<footnote> <para> The installer will encrypt the LVM volume group using a "
+"256 bit AES key and makes use of the kernel's <quote>dm-crypt</quote> "
+"support. </para> </footnote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1280
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The option to use (encrypted) LVM may not be available on all architectures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When using LVM or encrypted LVM, the installer will create most partitions "
+"inside one big partition; the advantage of this method is that partitions "
+"inside this big partition can be resized relatively easily later. In the "
+"case of encrypted LVM the big partition will not be readable without knowing "
+"a special key phrase, thus providing extra security of your (personal) data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1294
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When using encrypted LVM, the installer will also automatically erase the "
+"disk by writing random data to it. This further improves security (as it "
+"makes it impossible to tell which parts of the disk are in use and also "
+"makes sure that any traces of previous installations are erased), but may "
+"take some time depending on the size of your disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1303
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you choose guided partitioning using LVM or encrypted LVM, some changes "
+"in the partition table will need to be written to the selected disk while "
+"LVM is being set up. These changes effectively erase all data that is "
+"currently on the selected hard disk and you will not be able to undo them "
+"later. However, the installer will ask you to confirm these changes before "
+"they are written to disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1313
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you choose guided partitioning<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> (either classic "
+"or using (encrypted) LVM)</phrase> for a whole disk, you will first be asked "
+"to select the disk you want to use. Check that all your disks are listed "
+"and, if you have several disks, make sure you select the correct one. The "
+"order they are listed in may differ from what you are used to. The size of "
+"the disks may help to identify them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1322
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any data on the disk you select will eventually be lost, but you will always "
+"be asked to confirm any changes before they are written to the disk. <phrase "
+"arch=\"linux-any\"> If you have selected the classic method of partitioning, "
+"you will be able to undo any changes right until the end; when using "
+"(encrypted) LVM this is not possible. </phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1332
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next, you will be able to choose from the schemes listed in the table below. "
+"All schemes have their pros and cons, some of which are discussed in <xref "
+"linkend=\"partitioning\"/>. If you are unsure, choose the first one. Bear in "
+"mind that guided partitioning needs a certain minimal amount of free space "
+"to operate with. If you don't give it at least about 1GB of space (depends "
+"on chosen scheme), guided partitioning will fail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1348
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Partitioning scheme"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1349
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Minimum space"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Created partitions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1356
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "All files in one partition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1357
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "600MB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1358
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>/</filename>, swap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1360
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Separate /home partition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1361
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "500MB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1362
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, swap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1366
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Separate /home, /var and /tmp partitions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1367
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>1GB</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1368
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<filename>/</filename>, <filename>/home</filename>, <filename>/var</"
+"filename>, <filename>/tmp</filename>, swap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1377
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you choose guided partitioning using (encrypted) LVM, the installer will "
+"also create a separate <filename>/boot</filename> partition. The other "
+"partitions, including the swap partition, will be created inside the LVM "
+"partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1383
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have booted in EFI mode then within the guided partitioning setup "
+"there will be an additional partition, formatted as a FAT32 bootable "
+"filesystem, for the EFI boot loader. This partition is known as an EFI "
+"System Partition (ESP). There is also an additional menu item in the "
+"formatting menu to manually set up a partition as an ESP."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1391
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After selecting a scheme, the next screen will show your new partition "
+"table, including information on whether and how partitions will be formatted "
+"and where they will be mounted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1397
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The list of partitions might look like this: <informalexample><screen>\n"
+" SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 6.4 GB WDC AC36400L\n"
+" #1 primary 16.4 MB B f ext2 /boot\n"
+" #2 primary 551.0 MB swap swap\n"
+" #3 primary 5.8 GB ntfs\n"
+" pri/log 8.2 MB FREE SPACE\n"
+"\n"
+" SCSI2 (1,0,0) (sdb) - 80.0 GB ST380021A\n"
+" #1 primary 15.9 MB ext3\n"
+" #2 primary 996.0 MB fat16\n"
+" #3 primary 3.9 GB xfs /home\n"
+" #5 logical 6.0 GB f ext4 /\n"
+" #6 logical 1.0 GB f ext3 /var\n"
+" #7 logical 498.8 MB ext3\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> This example shows two hard drives divided into "
+"several partitions; the first disk has some free space. Each partition line "
+"consists of the partition number, its type, size, optional flags, file "
+"system, and mountpoint (if any). Note: this particular setup cannot be "
+"created using guided partitioning but it does show possible variation that "
+"can be achieved using manual partitioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1410
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This concludes the guided partitioning. If you are satisfied with the "
+"generated partition table, you can choose <guimenuitem>Finish partitioning "
+"and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the menu to implement the new "
+"partition table (as described at the end of this section). If you are not "
+"happy, you can choose to <guimenuitem>Undo changes to partitions</"
+"guimenuitem> and run guided partitioning again, or modify the proposed "
+"changes as described below for manual partitioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1424
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Manual Partitioning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1425
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A similar screen to the one shown just above will be displayed if you choose "
+"manual partitioning except that your existing partition table will be shown "
+"and without the mount points. How to manually set up your partition table "
+"and the usage of partitions by your new &debian; system will be covered in "
+"the remainder of this section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1433
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you select a pristine disk which has neither partitions nor free space on "
+"it, you will be asked if a new partition table should be created (this is "
+"needed so you can create new partitions). After this, a new line entitled "
+"<quote>FREE SPACE</quote> should appear in the table under the selected disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1441
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you select some free space, you will have the opportunity to create a new "
+"partition. You will have to answer a quick series of questions about its "
+"size, type (primary or logical), and location (beginning or end of the free "
+"space). After this, you will be presented with a detailed overview of your "
+"new partition. The main setting is <guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, which "
+"determines if the partition will have a file system on it, or be used for "
+"swap,<phrase arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM, an encrypted file "
+"system,</phrase> or not be used at all. Other settings include mountpoint, "
+"mount options, and bootable flag; which settings are shown depends on how "
+"the partition is to be used. If you don't like the preselected defaults, "
+"feel free to change them to your liking. E.g. by selecting the option "
+"<guimenuitem>Use as:</guimenuitem>, you can choose a different filesystem "
+"for this partition, including options to use the partition for swap,<phrase "
+"arch=\"linux-any\"> software RAID, LVM,</phrase> or not use it at all. When "
+"you are satisfied with your new partition, select <guimenuitem>Done setting "
+"up the partition</guimenuitem> and you will return to <command>partman</"
+"command>'s main screen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1462
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you decide you want to change something about your partition, simply "
+"select the partition, which will bring you to the partition configuration "
+"menu. This is the same screen as is used when creating a new partition, so "
+"you can change the same settings. One thing that may not be very obvious at "
+"a first glance is that you can resize the partition by selecting the item "
+"displaying the size of the partition. Filesystems known to work are at least "
+"fat16, fat32, ext2, ext3 and swap. This menu also allows you to delete a "
+"partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1473
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Be sure to create at least two partitions: one for the <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> filesystem (which must be mounted as <filename>/</filename>) and "
+"one for <emphasis>swap</emphasis>. If you forget to mount the root "
+"filesystem, <command>partman</command> won't let you continue until you "
+"correct this issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1481
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you boot in EFI mode but forget to select and format an EFI System "
+"Partition, <command>partman</command> will detect this and will not let you "
+"continue until you allocate one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1487
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Capabilities of <command>partman</command> can be extended with installer "
+"modules, but are dependent on your system's architecture. So if you can't "
+"see all promised goodies, check if you have loaded all required modules (e."
+"g. <filename>partman-ext3</filename>, <filename>partman-xfs</filename>, or "
+"<filename>partman-lvm</filename>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1495
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you are satisfied with partitioning, select <guimenuitem>Finish "
+"partitioning and write changes to disk</guimenuitem> from the partitioning "
+"menu. You will be presented with a summary of changes made to the disks and "
+"asked to confirm that the filesystems should be created as requested."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1523
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1524
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you have more than one harddrive<footnote><para> To be honest, you can "
+"construct an MD device even from partitions residing on single physical "
+"drive, but that won't give any benefits. </para></footnote> in your "
+"computer, you can use <command>partman-md</command> to set up your drives "
+"for increased performance and/or better reliability of your data. The result "
+"is called <firstterm>Multidisk Device</firstterm> (or after its most famous "
+"variant <firstterm>software RAID</firstterm>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1537
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"MD is basically a bunch of partitions located on different disks and "
+"combined together to form a <emphasis>logical</emphasis> device. This device "
+"can then be used like an ordinary partition (i.e. in <command>partman</"
+"command> you can format it, assign a mountpoint, etc.)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1545
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"What benefits this brings depends on the type of MD device you are creating. "
+"Currently supported are: <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>RAID0</"
+"term><listitem><para> Is mainly aimed at performance. RAID0 splits all "
+"incoming data into <firstterm>stripes</firstterm> and distributes them "
+"equally over each disk in the array. This can increase the speed of read/"
+"write operations, but when one of the disks fails, you will lose "
+"<emphasis>everything</emphasis> (part of the information is still on the "
+"healthy disk(s), the other part <emphasis>was</emphasis> on the failed "
+"disk). </para><para> The typical use for RAID0 is a partition for video "
+"editing. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID1</"
+"term><listitem><para> Is suitable for setups where reliability is the first "
+"concern. It consists of several (usually two) equally-sized partitions where "
+"every partition contains exactly the same data. This essentially means three "
+"things. First, if one of your disks fails, you still have the data mirrored "
+"on the remaining disks. Second, you can use only a fraction of the available "
+"capacity (more precisely, it is the size of the smallest partition in the "
+"RAID). Third, file-reads are load-balanced among the disks, which can "
+"improve performance on a server, such as a file server, that tends to be "
+"loaded with more disk reads than writes. </para><para> Optionally you can "
+"have a spare disk in the array which will take the place of the failed disk "
+"in the case of failure. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> "
+"<term>RAID5</term><listitem><para> Is a good compromise between speed, "
+"reliability and data redundancy. RAID5 splits all incoming data into stripes "
+"and distributes them equally on all but one disk (similar to RAID0). Unlike "
+"RAID0, RAID5 also computes <firstterm>parity</firstterm> information, which "
+"gets written on the remaining disk. The parity disk is not static (that "
+"would be called RAID4), but is changing periodically, so the parity "
+"information is distributed equally on all disks. When one of the disks "
+"fails, the missing part of information can be computed from remaining data "
+"and its parity. RAID5 must consist of at least three active partitions. "
+"Optionally you can have a spare disk in the array which will take the place "
+"of the failed disk in the case of failure. </para><para> As you can see, "
+"RAID5 has a similar degree of reliability to RAID1 while achieving less "
+"redundancy. On the other hand, it might be a bit slower on write operations "
+"than RAID0 due to computation of parity information. </para></listitem> </"
+"varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID6</term><listitem><para> Is similar "
+"to RAID5 except that it uses two parity devices instead of one. </"
+"para><para> A RAID6 array can survive up to two disk failures. </para></"
+"listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term>RAID10</term><listitem><para> "
+"RAID10 combines striping (as in RAID0) and mirroring (as in RAID1). It "
+"creates <replaceable>n</replaceable> copies of incoming data and distributes "
+"them across the partitions so that none of the copies of the same data are "
+"on the same device. The default value of <replaceable>n</replaceable> is 2, "
+"but it can be set to something else in expert mode. The number of partitions "
+"used must be at least <replaceable>n</replaceable>. RAID10 has different "
+"layouts for distributing the copies. The default is near copies. Near copies "
+"have all of the copies at about the same offset on all of the disks. Far "
+"copies have the copies at different offsets on the disks. Offset copies copy "
+"the stripe, not the individual copies. </para><para> RAID10 can be used to "
+"achieve reliability and redundancy without the drawback of having to "
+"calculate parity. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> To sum "
+"it up:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1659
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1660
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Minimum Devices"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1661
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Spare Device"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1662
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Survives disk failure?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1663
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Available Space"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1669
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAID0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1670 using-d-i.xml:1678 using-d-i.xml:1708
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>2</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1671 using-d-i.xml:1672
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>no</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1673
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Size of the smallest partition multiplied by number of devices in RAID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1677
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAID1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1679 using-d-i.xml:1687 using-d-i.xml:1698 using-d-i.xml:1709
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1680 using-d-i.xml:1688 using-d-i.xml:1699 using-d-i.xml:1710
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>yes</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1681
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Size of the smallest partition in RAID"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1685
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAID5"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1686
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>3</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1689
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID "
+"minus one)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1696
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAID6"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1697
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<entry>4</entry>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1700
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Size of the smallest partition multiplied by (number of devices in RAID "
+"minus two)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1707
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "RAID10"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: entry
+#: using-d-i.xml:1711
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Total of all partitions divided by the number of chunk copies (defaults to "
+"two)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1718
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to know more about Software RAID, have a look at <ulink url="
+"\"&url-software-raid-howto;\">Software RAID HOWTO</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1723
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To create an MD device, you need to have the desired partitions it should "
+"consist of marked for use in a RAID. (This is done in <command>partman</"
+"command> in the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu where you should "
+"select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume "
+"for RAID</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1732
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Make sure that the system can be booted with the partitioning scheme you are "
+"planning. In general it will be necessary to create a separate file system "
+"for <filename>/boot</filename> when using RAID for the root (<filename>/</"
+"filename>) file system. Most boot loaders <phrase arch=\"x86\">(including "
+"lilo and grub)</phrase> do support mirrored (not striped!) RAID1, so using "
+"for example RAID5 for <filename>/</filename> and RAID1 for <filename>/boot</"
+"filename> can be an option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1743
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next, you should choose <guimenuitem>Configure software RAID</guimenuitem> "
+"from the main <command>partman</command> menu. (The menu will only appear "
+"after you mark at least one partition for use as <guimenuitem>physical "
+"volume for RAID</guimenuitem>.) On the first screen of <command>partman-md</"
+"command> simply select <guimenuitem>Create MD device</guimenuitem>. You will "
+"be presented with a list of supported types of MD devices, from which you "
+"should choose one (e.g. RAID1). What follows depends on the type of MD you "
+"selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1756
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"RAID0 is simple &mdash; you will be issued with the list of available RAID "
+"partitions and your only task is to select the partitions which will form "
+"the MD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1763
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"RAID1 is a bit more tricky. First, you will be asked to enter the number of "
+"active devices and the number of spare devices which will form the MD. Next, "
+"you need to select from the list of available RAID partitions those that "
+"will be active and then those that will be spare. The count of selected "
+"partitions must be equal to the number provided earlier. Don't worry. If you "
+"make a mistake and select a different number of partitions, &d-i; won't let "
+"you continue until you correct the issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1775
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"RAID5 has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 with the exception that you "
+"need to use at least <emphasis>three</emphasis> active partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1781
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"RAID6 also has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except that at least "
+"<emphasis>four</emphasis> active partitions are required."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1787
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"RAID10 again has a setup procedure similar to RAID1 except in expert mode. "
+"In expert mode, &d-i; will ask you for the layout. The layout has two parts. "
+"The first part is the layout type. It is either <literal>n</literal> (for "
+"near copies), <literal>f</literal> (for far copies), or <literal>o</literal> "
+"(for offset copies). The second part is the number of copies to make of the "
+"data. There must be at least that many active devices so that all of the "
+"copies can be distributed onto different disks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1801
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is perfectly possible to have several types of MD at once. For example, "
+"if you have three 200 GB hard drives dedicated to MD, each containing two "
+"100 GB partitions, you can combine the first partitions on all three disks "
+"into the RAID0 (fast 300 GB video editing partition) and use the other three "
+"partitions (2 active and 1 spare) for RAID1 (quite reliable 100 GB partition "
+"for <filename>/home</filename>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1810
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you set up MD devices to your liking, you can <guimenuitem>Finish</"
+"guimenuitem> <command>partman-md</command> to return back to the "
+"<command>partman</command> to create filesystems on your new MD devices and "
+"assign them the usual attributes like mountpoints."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1825
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1826
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are working with computers at the level of system administrator or "
+"<quote>advanced</quote> user, you have surely seen the situation where some "
+"disk partition (usually the most important one) was short on space, while "
+"some other partition was grossly underused and you had to manage this "
+"situation by moving stuff around, symlinking, etc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1834
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To avoid the described situation you can use Logical Volume Manager (LVM). "
+"Simply said, with LVM you can combine your partitions (<firstterm>physical "
+"volumes</firstterm> in LVM lingo) to form a virtual disk (so called "
+"<firstterm>volume group</firstterm>), which can then be divided into virtual "
+"partitions (<firstterm>logical volumes</firstterm>). The point is that "
+"logical volumes (and of course underlying volume groups) can span across "
+"several physical disks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1844
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now when you realize you need more space for your old 160GB <filename>/home</"
+"filename> partition, you can simply add a new 300GB disk to the computer, "
+"join it with your existing volume group and then resize the logical volume "
+"which holds your <filename>/home</filename> filesystem and voila &mdash; "
+"your users have some room again on their renewed 460GB partition. This "
+"example is of course a bit oversimplified. If you haven't read it yet, you "
+"should consult the <ulink url=\"&url-lvm-howto;\">LVM HOWTO</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1855
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"LVM setup in &d-i; is quite simple and completely supported inside "
+"<command>partman</command>. First, you have to mark the partition(s) to be "
+"used as physical volumes for LVM. This is done in the <guimenu>Partition "
+"settings</guimenu> menu where you should select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:"
+"</guimenu> <guimenuitem>physical volume for LVM</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1864
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Be aware: the new LVM setup will destroy all data on all partitions marked "
+"with an LVM type code. So, if you already have an LVM on some of your disks, "
+"and want to install Debian additionally to that machine, the old (already "
+"existing) LVM will be wiped out! The same counts for partitions, which are "
+"(for any reason) misleadingly marked with an LVM type code, but contain "
+"something different (like an encrypted volume). You need to remove such "
+"disks from the system, before performing a new LVM setup!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1874
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, you will see "
+"a new option <guimenuitem>Configure the Logical Volume Manager</"
+"guimenuitem>. When you select that, you will first be asked to confirm "
+"pending changes to the partition table (if any) and after that the LVM "
+"configuration menu will be shown. Above the menu a summary of the LVM "
+"configuration is shown. The menu itself is context sensitive and only shows "
+"valid actions. The possible actions are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1885
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<guimenuitem>Display configuration details</guimenuitem>: shows LVM device "
+"structure, names and sizes of logical volumes and more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1890
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create volume group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1893
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Create logical volume"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1896
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Delete volume group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1899
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Delete logical volume"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1902
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Extend volume group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: guimenuitem
+#: using-d-i.xml:1905
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Reduce volume group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1907
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem>: return to the main <command>partman</"
+"command> screen"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1913
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Use the options in that menu to first create a volume group and then create "
+"your logical volumes inside it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1918
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you return to the main <command>partman</command> screen, any created "
+"logical volumes will be displayed in the same way as ordinary partitions "
+"(and you should treat them as such)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:1932
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring Encrypted Volumes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1933
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&d-i; allows you to set up encrypted partitions. Every file you write to "
+"such a partition is immediately saved to the device in encrypted form. "
+"Access to the encrypted data is granted only after entering the "
+"<firstterm>passphrase</firstterm> used when the encrypted partition was "
+"originally created. This feature is useful to protect sensitive data in case "
+"your laptop or hard drive gets stolen. The thief might get physical access "
+"to the hard drive, but without knowing the right passphrase, the data on the "
+"hard drive will look like random characters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1945
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The two most important partitions to encrypt are: the home partition, where "
+"your private data resides, and the swap partition, where sensitive data "
+"might be stored temporarily during operation. Of course, nothing prevents "
+"you from encrypting any other partitions that might be of interest. For "
+"example <filename>/var</filename> where database servers, mail servers or "
+"print servers store their data, or <filename>/tmp</filename> which is used "
+"by various programs to store potentially interesting temporary files. Some "
+"people may even want to encrypt their whole system. Generally the only "
+"exception here is the <filename>/boot</filename> partition which must remain "
+"unencrypted, because historically there was no way to load the kernel from "
+"an encrypted partition. (GRUB is now able to do that, but &d-i; currently "
+"lacks native support for encrypted <filename>/boot</filename>. The setup is "
+"therefore covered in a <ulink url=\"https://cryptsetup-team.pages.debian.net/"
+"cryptsetup/encrypted-boot.html\">separate document</ulink>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1963
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please note that the performance of encrypted partitions will be less than "
+"that of unencrypted ones because the data needs to be decrypted or encrypted "
+"for every read or write. The performance impact depends on your CPU speed, "
+"chosen cipher and a key length."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1970
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To use encryption, you have to create a new partition by selecting some free "
+"space in the main partitioning menu. Another option is to choose an existing "
+"partition (e.g. a regular partition, an LVM logical volume or a RAID "
+"volume). In the <guimenu>Partition settings</guimenu> menu, you need to "
+"select <guimenuitem>physical volume for encryption</guimenuitem> at the "
+"<menuchoice> <guimenu>Use as:</guimenu> </menuchoice> option. The menu will "
+"then change to include several cryptographic options for the partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1981
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The encryption method supported by &d-i; is <firstterm>dm-crypt</firstterm> "
+"(included in newer Linux kernels, able to host LVM physical volumes)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:1990
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Let's have a look at the options available when you select encryption via "
+"<userinput>Device-mapper (dm-crypt)</userinput>. As always: when in doubt, "
+"use the defaults, because they have been carefully chosen with security in "
+"mind."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2000
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Encryption: <userinput>aes</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2002
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This option lets you select the encryption algorithm (<firstterm>cipher</"
+"firstterm>) which will be used to encrypt the data on the partition. &d-i; "
+"currently supports the following block ciphers: <firstterm>aes</firstterm>, "
+"<firstterm>blowfish</firstterm>, <firstterm>serpent</firstterm>, and "
+"<firstterm>twofish</firstterm>. It is beyond the scope of this document to "
+"discuss the qualities of these different algorithms, however, it might help "
+"your decision to know that in 2000, <emphasis>AES</emphasis> was chosen by "
+"the American National Institute of Standards and Technology as the standard "
+"encryption algorithm for protecting sensitive information in the 21st "
+"century."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2020
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Key size: <userinput>256</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2022
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Here you can specify the length of the encryption key. With a larger key "
+"size, the strength of the encryption is generally improved. On the other "
+"hand, increasing the length of the key usually has a negative impact on "
+"performance. Available key sizes vary depending on the cipher."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2034
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "IV algorithm: <userinput>xts-plain64</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2036
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <firstterm>Initialization Vector</firstterm> or <firstterm>IV</"
+"firstterm> algorithm is used in cryptography to ensure that applying the "
+"cipher on the same <firstterm>clear text</firstterm> data with the same key "
+"always produces a unique <firstterm>cipher text</firstterm>. The idea is to "
+"prevent the attacker from deducing information from repeated patterns in the "
+"encrypted data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2046
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"From the provided alternatives, the default <userinput>xts-plain64</"
+"userinput> is currently the least vulnerable to known attacks. Use the other "
+"alternatives only when you need to ensure compatibility with some previously "
+"installed system that is not able to use newer algorithms."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2058
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Encryption key: <userinput>Passphrase</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2060
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Here you can choose the type of the encryption key for this partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2066
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Passphrase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2067
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The encryption key will be computed<footnote> <para> Using a passphrase as "
+"the key currently means that the partition will be set up using <ulink url="
+"\"&url-luks;\">LUKS</ulink>. </para></footnote> on the basis of a passphrase "
+"which you will be able to enter later in the process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2082
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Random key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2083
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A new encryption key will be generated from random data each time you try to "
+"bring up the encrypted partition. In other words: on every shutdown the "
+"content of the partition will be lost as the key is deleted from memory. (Of "
+"course, you could try to guess the key with a brute force attack, but unless "
+"there is an unknown weakness in the cipher algorithm, it is not achievable "
+"in our lifetime.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2092
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Random keys are useful for swap partitions because you do not need to bother "
+"yourself with remembering the passphrase or wiping sensitive information "
+"from the swap partition before shutting down your computer. However, it also "
+"means that you will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be able to use the "
+"<quote>suspend-to-disk</quote> functionality offered by newer Linux kernels "
+"as it will be impossible (during a subsequent boot) to recover the suspended "
+"data written to the swap partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2111
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Erase data: <userinput>yes</userinput>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2113
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Determines whether the content of this partition should be overwritten with "
+"random data before setting up the encryption. This is recommended because it "
+"might otherwise be possible for an attacker to discern which parts of the "
+"partition are in use and which are not. In addition, this will make it "
+"harder to recover any leftover data from previous "
+"installations<footnote><para> It is believed that the guys from three-letter "
+"agencies can restore the data even after several rewrites of the "
+"magnetooptical media, though. </para></footnote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2134
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you have selected the desired parameters for your encrypted "
+"partitions, return back to the main partitioning menu. There should now be a "
+"new menu item called <guimenu>Configure encrypted volumes</guimenu>. After "
+"you select it, you will be asked to confirm the deletion of data on "
+"partitions marked to be erased and possibly other actions such as writing a "
+"new partition table. For large partitions this might take some time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2144
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Next you will be asked to enter a passphrase for partitions configured to "
+"use one. Good passphrases should be longer than 8 characters, should be a "
+"mixture of letters, numbers and other characters and should not contain "
+"common dictionary words or information easily associable with you (such as "
+"birthdates, hobbies, pet names, names of family members or relatives, etc.)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2153
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Before you input any passphrases, you should have made sure that your "
+"keyboard is configured correctly and generates the expected characters. If "
+"you are unsure, you can switch to the second virtual console and type some "
+"text at the prompt. This ensures that you won't be surprised later, e.g. by "
+"trying to input a passphrase using a qwerty keyboard layout when you used an "
+"azerty layout during the installation. This situation can have several "
+"causes. Maybe you switched to another keyboard layout during the "
+"installation, or the selected keyboard layout might not have been set up yet "
+"when entering the passphrase for the root file system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2166
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you selected to use methods other than a passphrase to create encryption "
+"keys, they will be generated now. Because the kernel may not have gathered a "
+"sufficient amount of entropy at this early stage of the installation, the "
+"process may take a long time. You can help speed up the process by "
+"generating entropy: e.g. by pressing random keys, or by switching to the "
+"shell on the second virtual console and generating some network and disk "
+"traffic (downloading some files, feeding big files into <filename>/dev/null</"
+"filename>, etc.). This will be repeated for each partition to be encrypted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2182
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After returning to the main partitioning menu, you will see all encrypted "
+"volumes as additional partitions which can be configured in the same way as "
+"ordinary partitions. The following example shows a volume encrypted via dm-"
+"crypt. <informalexample><screen>\n"
+"Encrypted volume (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</replaceable>) - 115.1 GB Linux "
+"device-mapper\n"
+" #1 115.1 GB F ext3\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Now is the time to assign mount points to the "
+"volumes and optionally change the file system types if the defaults do not "
+"suit you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Pay attention to the identifiers in parentheses (<replaceable>sda2_crypt</"
+"replaceable> in this case) and the mount points you assigned to each "
+"encrypted volume. You will need this information later when booting the new "
+"system. The differences between the ordinary boot process and the boot "
+"process with encryption involved will be covered later in <xref linkend="
+"\"mount-encrypted-volumes\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2204
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once you are satisfied with the partitioning scheme, continue with the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2215
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing the Base System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2216
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although this stage is the least problematic, it consumes a significant "
+"fraction of the install because it downloads, verifies and unpacks the whole "
+"base system. If you have a slow computer or network connection, this could "
+"take some time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2229
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During installation of the base system, package unpacking and setup messages "
+"are redirected to <userinput>tty4</userinput>. You can access this terminal "
+"by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></"
+"keycombo>; get back to the main installer process with "
+"<keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2238
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The unpack/setup messages generated during this phase are also saved in "
+"<filename>/var/log/syslog</filename>. You can check them there if the "
+"installation is performed over a serial console."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2244
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As part of the installation, a &arch-kernel; kernel will be installed. At "
+"the default priority, the installer will choose one for you that best "
+"matches your hardware. In lower priority modes, you will be able to choose "
+"from a list of available kernels."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2251
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"When packages are installed using the package management system, it will by "
+"default also install packages that are recommended by those packages. "
+"Recommended packages are not strictly required for the core functionality of "
+"the selected software, but they do enhance that software and should, in the "
+"view of the package maintainers, normally be installed together with that "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2261
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For technical reasons packages installed during the installation of the base "
+"system are installed without their <quote>Recommends</quote>. The rule "
+"described above only takes effect after this point in the installation "
+"process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing Additional Software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2274
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this point you have a usable but limited system. Most users will want to "
+"install additional software on the system to tune it to their needs, and the "
+"installer allows you do so. This step can take even longer than installing "
+"the base system if you have a slow computer or network connection."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2289
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Configuring apt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2291
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One of the tools used to install packages on a &debian-gnu; system is the "
+"program <command>apt</command>, from the <classname>apt</classname> "
+"package<footnote> <para> Note that the program which actually installs the "
+"packages is called <command>dpkg</command>. However, this program is more of "
+"a low-level tool. <command>apt</command> is a higher-level tool, which will "
+"invoke <command>dpkg</command> as appropriate. It knows how to retrieve "
+"packages from your CD, the network, or wherever. It is also able to "
+"automatically install other packages which are required to make the package "
+"you're trying to install work correctly. </para> </footnote>. Other front-"
+"ends for package management, like <command>aptitude</command> and "
+"<command>synaptic</command>, are also in use. These front-ends are "
+"recommended for new users, since they integrate some additional features "
+"(package searching and status checks) in a nice user interface."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2314
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<command>apt</command> must be configured so that it knows from where to "
+"retrieve packages. The results of this configuration are written to the file "
+"<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. You can examine and edit this "
+"file to your liking after the installation is complete."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2321
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing at default priority, the installer will largely take "
+"care of the configuration automatically, based on the installation method "
+"you are using and possibly using choices made earlier in the installation. "
+"In most cases the installer will automatically add a security mirror and, if "
+"you are installing the stable distribution, a mirror for the <quote>stable-"
+"updates</quote> service."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2330
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing at a lower priority (e.g. in expert mode), you will be "
+"able to make more decisions yourself. You can choose whether or not to use "
+"the security and/or stable-updates services, and you can choose to add "
+"packages from the <quote>contrib</quote> and <quote>non-free</quote> "
+"sections of the archive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2341
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installing from more than one CD or DVD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2343
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing from a CD or a DVD that is part of a larger set, the "
+"installer will ask if you want to scan additional CDs or DVDs. If you have "
+"additional CDs or DVDs available, you probably want to do this so the "
+"installer can use the packages included on them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you do not have any additional CDs or DVDs, that is no problem: using "
+"them is not required. If you also do not use a network mirror (as explained "
+"in the next section), it can mean that not all packages belonging to the "
+"tasks you select in the next step of the installation can be installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2358
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Packages are included on CDs (and DVDs) in the order of their popularity. "
+"This means that for most uses only the first CDs in a set are needed and "
+"that only very few people actually use any of the packages included on the "
+"last CDs in a set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2365
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It also means that buying or downloading and burning a full CD set is just a "
+"waste of money as you'll never use most of them. In most cases you are "
+"better off getting only the first 3 to 8 CDs and installing any additional "
+"packages you may need from the Internet by using a mirror. The same goes for "
+"DVD sets: the first DVD, or maybe the first two DVDs will cover most needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2375
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you do scan multiple CDs or DVDs, the installer will prompt you to "
+"exchange them when it needs packages from another CD/DVD than the one "
+"currently in the drive. Note that only CDs or DVDs that belong to the same "
+"set should be scanned. The order in which they are scanned does not really "
+"matter, but scanning them in ascending order will reduce the chance of "
+"mistakes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2388
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using a network mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2390
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One question that will be asked during most installs is whether or not to "
+"use a network mirror as a source for packages. In most cases the default "
+"answer should be fine, but there are some exceptions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2396
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are <emphasis>not</emphasis> installing from a full CD or DVD or "
+"using a full CD/DVD image, you really should use a network mirror as "
+"otherwise you will end up with only a very minimal system. However, if you "
+"have a limited Internet connection it is best <emphasis>not</emphasis> to "
+"select the <literal>desktop</literal> task in the next step of the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2405
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing from a single full CD or using a full CD image, using "
+"a network mirror is not required, but is still strongly recommended because "
+"a single CD contains only a fairly limited number of packages. If you have a "
+"limited Internet connection it may still be best to <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
+"select a network mirror here, but to finish the installation using only "
+"what's available on the CD and selectively install additional packages after "
+"the installation (i.e. after you have rebooted into the new system)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2416
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing from a DVD or using a DVD image, any packages needed "
+"during the installation should be present on the first DVD. The same is true "
+"if you have scanned multiple CDs as explained in the previous section. Use "
+"of a network mirror is optional."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2423
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One advantage of adding a network mirror is that updates that have occurred "
+"since the CD/DVD set was created and have been included in a point release, "
+"will become available for installation, thus extending the life of your CD/"
+"DVD set without compromising the security or stability of the installed "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2430
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In summary: selecting a network mirror is generally a good idea, except if "
+"you do not have a good Internet connection. If the current version of a "
+"package is available from CD/DVD, the installer will always use that. The "
+"amount of data that will be downloaded if you do select a mirror thus "
+"depends on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2439
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "the tasks you select in the next step of the installation,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2444
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "which packages are needed for those tasks,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2449
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"which of those packages are present on the CDs or DVDs you have scanned, and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2454
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"whether any updated versions of packages included on the CDs or DVDs are "
+"available from a mirror (either a regular package mirror, or a mirror for "
+"security or stable-updates)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2463
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the last point means that, even if you choose not to use a network "
+"mirror, some packages may still be downloaded from the Internet if there is "
+"a security or stable-updates update available for them and those services "
+"have been configured."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2474
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Choosing a network mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2475
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Unless you chose not to use a network mirror, you will be presented with a "
+"list of network mirrors based upon your country selection earlier in the "
+"installation process. Choosing the offered default is usually fine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2482
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The offered default is deb.debian.org, which is not a mirror itself but will "
+"redirect to a mirror that should be up-to-date and fast. These mirrors "
+"support TLS (https protocol) and IPv6. This service is maintained by the "
+"Debian System Administration (DSA) team."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2489
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"A mirror can also be specified by hand by choosing <quote>enter information "
+"manually</quote> . You can then specify a mirror host name and an optional "
+"port number. This actually has to be a URL base, i.e. when specifying an "
+"IPv6 address, one has to add square brackets around it, for instance "
+"<quote>[2001:db8::1]</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2497
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If your computer is on an IPv6-only network (which is probably not the case "
+"for the vast majority of users), using the default mirror for your country "
+"might not work. All the mirrors in the list are reachable via IPv4, but only "
+"some of them can be used via IPv6. As connectivity of individual mirrors can "
+"change over time, this information is not available in the installer. If "
+"there is no IPv6 connectivity for the default mirror for your country, you "
+"can either try some of the other mirrors offered to you or choose the "
+"<quote>enter information manually</quote> option. You can then specify "
+"<quote>ftp.ipv6.debian.org</quote> as the mirror name, which is an alias for "
+"a mirror available via IPv6, although it will probably not be the fastest "
+"possible one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2520
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Selecting and Installing Software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2522
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"During the installation process, you are given the opportunity to select "
+"additional software to install. Rather than picking individual software "
+"packages from the &num-of-distrib-pkgs; available packages, this stage of "
+"the installation process focuses on selecting and installing predefined "
+"collections of software to quickly set up your computer to perform various "
+"tasks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2531
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"These tasks loosely represent a number of different jobs or things you want "
+"to do with your computer, such as <quote>Desktop environment</quote>, "
+"<quote>Web server</quote>, or <quote>Print server</quote><footnote> <para> "
+"You should know that to present this list, the installer is merely invoking "
+"the <command>tasksel</command> program. It can be run at any time after "
+"installation to install more packages (or remove them), or you can use a "
+"more fine-grained tool such as <command>aptitude</command>. If you are "
+"looking for a specific single package, after installation is complete, "
+"simply run <userinput>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable></"
+"userinput>, where <replaceable>package</replaceable> is the name of the "
+"package you are looking for. </para> </footnote>. <xref linkend=\"tasksel-"
+"size-list\"/> lists the space requirements for the available tasks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2557
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Some tasks may be pre-selected based on the characteristics of the computer "
+"you are installing. If you disagree with these selections you can deselect "
+"them. You can even opt to install no tasks at all at this point."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2564
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the standard user interface of the installer, you can use the space bar "
+"to toggle selection of a task."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2570
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>Desktop environment</quote> task will install a graphical desktop "
+"environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2575
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, &d-i; installs the <phrase arch=\"x86\">Gnome</phrase> <phrase "
+"arch=\"non-x86\">Xfce</phrase> desktop environment. It is possible to "
+"interactively select a different desktop environment during the "
+"installation. It is also possible to install multiple desktops, but some "
+"combinations of desktop may not be co-installable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2583
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that this will only work if the packages needed for the desired desktop "
+"environment are actually available. If you are installing using a single "
+"full CD image, they will possibly need to be downloaded from a network "
+"mirror as some of the needed packages for your choice might only be included "
+"on later CDs. Installing any of the available desktop environments this way "
+"should work fine if you are using a DVD image or any other installation "
+"method."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2593
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The various server tasks will install software roughly as follows. Web "
+"server: <classname>apache2</classname>; Print server: <classname>cups</"
+"classname>; SSH server: <classname>openssh</classname>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2600
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>Standard system</quote> task will install any package that has a "
+"priority <quote>standard</quote>. This includes a lot of common utilities "
+"that are normally available on any Linux or Unix system. You should leave "
+"this task selected unless you know what you are doing and want a really "
+"minimal system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2608
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If during language selection a default locale other than the <quote>C</"
+"quote> locale was selected, <command>tasksel</command> will check if any "
+"localization tasks are defined for that locale and will automatically try to "
+"install relevant localization packages. This includes for example packages "
+"containing word lists or special fonts for your language. If a desktop "
+"environment was selected, it will also install appropriate localization "
+"packages for that (if available)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2618
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once you've selected your tasks, select &BTN-CONT;. At this point, "
+"<command>apt</command> will install the packages that are part of the "
+"selected tasks. If a particular program needs more information from the "
+"user, it will prompt you during this process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2625
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You should be aware that especially the Desktop task is very large. "
+"Especially when installing from a normal CD-ROM in combination with a mirror "
+"for packages not on the CD-ROM, the installer may want to retrieve a lot of "
+"packages over the network. If you have a relatively slow Internet "
+"connection, this can take a long time. There is no option to cancel the "
+"installation of packages once it has started."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2634
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Even when packages are included on the CD-ROM, the installer may still "
+"retrieve them from the mirror if the version available on the mirror is more "
+"recent than the one included on the CD-ROM. If you are installing the stable "
+"distribution, this can happen after a point release (an update of the "
+"original stable release); if you are installing the testing distribution "
+"this will happen if you are using an older image."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2649
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Making Your System Bootable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2651
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you are installing a diskless workstation, obviously, booting off the "
+"local disk isn't a meaningful option, and this step will be skipped. <phrase "
+"arch=\"sparc\">You may wish to set OpenBoot to boot from the network by "
+"default; see <xref linkend=\"boot-dev-select-sun\"/>.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2666
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Detecting other operating systems"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2668
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Before a boot loader is installed, the installer will attempt to probe for "
+"other operating systems which are installed on the machine. If it finds a "
+"supported operating system, you will be informed of this during the boot "
+"loader installation step, and the computer will be configured to boot this "
+"other operating system in addition to &debian;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2676
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that multiple operating systems booting on a single machine is still "
+"something of a black art. The automatic support for detecting and setting up "
+"boot loaders to boot other operating systems varies by architecture and even "
+"by subarchitecture. If it does not work you should consult your boot "
+"manager's documentation for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2694
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<command>palo</command>-installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2695
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The bootloader on PA-RISC is <quote>palo</quote>. <command>PALO</command> is "
+"similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, with a few "
+"exceptions. First of all, <command>PALO</command> allows you to boot any "
+"kernel image on your boot partition. This is because <command>PALO</command> "
+"can actually read Linux partitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2704
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "hppa FIXME ( need more info )"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2716 using-d-i.xml:2989
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install the <command>Grub</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2718 using-d-i.xml:2991
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The main &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>grub</quote>. Grub is a "
+"flexible and robust boot loader and a good default choice for new users and "
+"old hands alike."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2724
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, grub will be installed into the Master Boot Record (MBR), where "
+"it will take over complete control of the boot process. If you prefer, you "
+"can install it elsewhere. See the grub manual for complete information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2730
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you do not want to install grub, use the &BTN-GOBACK; button to get to "
+"the main menu, and from there select whatever bootloader you would like to "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2743
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install the <command>LILO</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2745
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The second &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>LILO</quote>. It is "
+"an old complex program which offers lots of functionality, including DOS, "
+"Windows, and OS/2 boot management. Please carefully read the instructions in "
+"the directory <filename>/usr/share/doc/lilo/</filename> if you have special "
+"needs; also see the <ulink url=\"&url-lilo-howto;\">LILO mini-HOWTO</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2755
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Currently the LILO installation will only create menu entries for other "
+"operating systems if these can be <firstterm>chainloaded</firstterm>. This "
+"means you may have to manually add a menu entry for operating systems like "
+"GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd after the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2763
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&d-i; offers you three choices on where to install the <command>LILO</"
+"command> boot loader:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Master Boot Record (MBR)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2770
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This way the <command>LILO</command> will take complete control of the boot "
+"process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2777
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "new &debian; partition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2777
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Choose this if you want to use another boot manager. <command>LILO</command> "
+"will install itself at the beginning of the new &debian; partition and it "
+"will serve as a secondary boot loader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: term
+#: using-d-i.xml:2786
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Other choice"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2786
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Useful for advanced users who want to install <command>LILO</command> "
+"somewhere else. In this case you will be asked for desired location. You can "
+"use traditional device names such as <filename>/dev/sda</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2796
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you can no longer boot into Windows 9x (or DOS) after this step, you'll "
+"need to use a Windows 9x (MS-DOS) boot disk and use the <userinput>fdisk /"
+"mbr</userinput> command to reinstall the MS-DOS master boot record &mdash; "
+"however, this means that you'll need to use some other way to get back into "
+"&debian;!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2812
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install the <command>ELILO</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2814
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>elilo</quote>. It is modeled "
+"on the <quote>lilo</quote> boot loader for the x86 architecture and uses a "
+"similar configuration file. However, instead of writing an MBR or partition "
+"boot record to the disk, it copies the necessary files to a separate FAT "
+"formatted disk partition and modifies the <guimenuitem>EFI Boot Manager</"
+"guimenuitem> menu in the firmware to point to the files in the EFI "
+"partition. The <command>elilo</command> boot loader is really in two parts. "
+"The <filename>/usr/sbin/elilo</filename> command manages the partition and "
+"copies files into it. The <filename>elilo.efi</filename> program is copied "
+"into the EFI partition and then run by the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> "
+"to do the actual work of loading and starting the Linux kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2830
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>elilo</quote> configuration and installation is done as the last "
+"step of installing the packages of the base installation. &d-i; will present "
+"you with a list of potential disk partitions that it has found suitable for "
+"an EFI partition. Select the partition you set up earlier in the "
+"installation, typically a partition on the same disk that contains your "
+"<emphasis>root</emphasis> filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2842
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Choose the correct partition!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2844
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The criterion for selecting a partition is that it must be a FAT format "
+"filesystem with its <emphasis>boot</emphasis> flag set. &d-i; may show "
+"multiple choices depending on what it finds from scanning all of the disks "
+"of the system including EFI partitions of other system disks and EFI "
+"diagnostic partitions. Remember, <command>elilo</command> may format the "
+"partition during the installation, erasing any previous contents!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2859
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "EFI Partition Contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2861
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The EFI partition is a FAT filesystem format partition on one of the hard "
+"disks of the system, usually the same disk that contains the <emphasis>root</"
+"emphasis> filesystem. It is normally not mounted on a running system as it "
+"is only needed by the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> to load the system and "
+"the installer part of the <command>elilo</command> writes to the filesystem "
+"directly. The <command>/usr/sbin/elilo</command> utility writes the "
+"following files into the <filename>efi/debian</filename> directory of the "
+"EFI partition during the installation. Note that the <quote>EFI Boot "
+"Manager</quote> would find these files using the path "
+"<filename>fs<replaceable>n</replaceable>:\\efi\\debian</filename>. There may "
+"be other files in this filesystem as well over time as the system is updated "
+"or re-configured."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: using-d-i.xml:2883
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "elilo.conf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2884
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the configuration file read by the boot loader when it starts. It is "
+"a copy of the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename> with the filenames re-"
+"written to refer to files in the EFI partition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: using-d-i.xml:2893
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "elilo.efi"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2894
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the boot loader program that the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> "
+"runs to boot the system. It is the program behind the <guimenuitem>&debian; "
+"GNU/Linux</guimenuitem> menu item of the <quote>EFI Boot Manager</quote> "
+"command menu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: using-d-i.xml:2904
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "initrd.img"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2905
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the initial root filesystem used to boot the kernel. It is a copy of "
+"the file referenced in the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename>. In a "
+"standard &debian; installation it would be the file in <filename>/boot</"
+"filename> pointed to by the symbolic link <filename>/initrd.img</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: using-d-i.xml:2917
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "readme.txt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2918
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is a small text file warning you that the contents of the directory are "
+"managed by the <command>elilo</command> and that any local changes would be "
+"lost at the next time <filename>/usr/sbin/elilo</filename> is run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: filename
+#: using-d-i.xml:2928
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "vmlinuz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2929
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the compressed kernel itself. It is a copy of the file referenced in "
+"the <filename>/etc/elilo.conf</filename>. In a standard &debian; "
+"installation it would be the file in <filename>/boot</filename> pointed to "
+"by the symbolic link <filename>/vmlinuz</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2953
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install <command>Yaboot</command> on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2954
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Newer (mid 1998 and on) PowerMacs use <command>yaboot</command> as their "
+"boot loader. The installer will set up <command>yaboot</command> "
+"automatically, so all you need is a small 820k partition named "
+"<quote>bootstrap</quote> with type <emphasis>Apple_Bootstrap</emphasis> "
+"created back in the partitioning component. If this step completes "
+"successfully then your disk should now be bootable and OpenFirmware will be "
+"set to boot &debian-gnu;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:2972
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install <command>Quik</command> on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2973
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The boot loader for OldWorld Power Macintosh machines is <command>quik</"
+"command>. You can also use it on CHRP. The installer will attempt to set up "
+"<command>quik</command> automatically. The setup has been known to work on "
+"7200, 7300, and 7600 Powermacs, and on some Power Computing clones."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:2997
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"By default, Grub will be installed into the PReP partition, where it will "
+"over complete control of the boot process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3010
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "<command>zipl</command>-installer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3011
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The boot loader on &arch-title; is <quote>zipl</quote>. <command>ZIPL</"
+"command> is similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, "
+"with a few exceptions. Please take a look at <quote>LINUX for &arch-title; "
+"Device Drivers and Installation Commands</quote> from IBM's developerWorks "
+"web site if you want to know more about <command>ZIPL</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3028
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Install the <command>SILO</command> Boot Loader on a Hard Disk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3030
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The standard &architecture; boot loader is called <quote>silo</quote>. It is "
+"documented in <filename>/usr/share/doc/silo/</filename>. <command>SILO</"
+"command> is similar in configuration and usage to <command>LILO</command>, "
+"with a few exceptions. First of all, <command>SILO</command> allows you to "
+"boot any kernel image on your drive, even if it is not listed in <filename>/"
+"etc/silo.conf</filename>. This is because <command>SILO</command> can "
+"actually read Linux partitions. Also, <filename>/etc/silo.conf</filename> is "
+"read at boot time, so there is no need to rerun <command>silo</command> "
+"after installing a new kernel like you would with <command>LILO</command>. "
+"<command>SILO</command> can also read UFS partitions, which means it can "
+"boot SunOS/Solaris partitions as well. This is useful if you want to install "
+"GNU/Linux alongside an existing SunOS/Solaris install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3055
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Making the system bootable with flash-kernel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3056
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As there is no common firmware interface on all ARM platforms, the steps "
+"required to make the system bootable on ARM devices are highly device-"
+"dependent. &debian; uses a tool called <command>flash-kernel </command> to "
+"take care of this. Flash-kernel contains a database which describes the "
+"particular operations that are required to make the system bootable on "
+"various devices. It detects whether the current device is supported, and if "
+"yes, performs the necessary operations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3067
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"On devices which boot from internal NOR- or NAND-flash memory, flash-kernel "
+"writes the kernel and the initial ramdisk to this internal memory. This "
+"method is particularly common on older armel devices. Please note that most "
+"of these devices do not allow having multiple kernels and ramdisks in their "
+"internal flash memory, i.e. running flash-kernel on them usually overwrites "
+"the previous contents of the flash memory!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3077
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For ARM systems that use U-Boot as their system firmware and boot the kernel "
+"and the initial ramdisk from external storage media (such as MMC/SD-cards, "
+"USB mass storage devices or IDE/SATA harddisks), flash-kernel generates an "
+"appropriate boot script to allow autobooting without user interaction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3093
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Continue Without Boot Loader"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3095
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This option can be used to complete the installation even when no boot "
+"loader is to be installed, either because the arch/subarch doesn't provide "
+"one, or because none is desired (e.g. you will use existing boot loader)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3102
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you plan to manually configure your bootloader, you should check the name "
+"of the installed kernel in <filename>/target/boot</filename>. You should "
+"also check that directory for the presence of an <firstterm>initrd</"
+"firstterm>; if one is present, you will probably have to instruct your "
+"bootloader to use it. Other information you will need are the disk and "
+"partition you selected for your <filename>/</filename> filesystem and, if "
+"you chose to install <filename>/boot</filename> on a separate partition, "
+"also your <filename>/boot</filename> filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3119
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Finishing the Installation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3120
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This is the last step in the &debian; installation process during which the "
+"installer will do any last minute tasks. It mostly consists of tidying up "
+"after the &d-i;."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3133
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Setting the System Clock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3135
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer may ask you if the computer's clock is set to UTC. Normally "
+"this question is avoided if possible and the installer tries to work out "
+"whether the clock is set to UTC based on things like what other operating "
+"systems are installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3142
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In expert mode you will always be able to choose whether or not the clock is "
+"set to UTC. <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">Macintosh hardware clocks are normally "
+"set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select local time instead of "
+"UTC.</phrase> <phrase arch=\"any-x86\">Systems that (also) run Dos or "
+"Windows are normally set to local time. If you want to dual-boot, select "
+"local time instead of UTC.</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3153
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this point &d-i; will also attempt to save the current time to the "
+"system's hardware clock. This will be done either in UTC or local time, "
+"depending on the selection that was just made."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3168
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Reboot the System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3170
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You will be prompted to remove the boot media (CD, USB stick, etc) that you "
+"used to boot the installer. After that the system will be rebooted into your "
+"new &debian; system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3176
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After a final prompt the system will be halted because rebooting is not "
+"supported on &arch-title;. You then need to IPL &debian-gnu; from the DASD "
+"which you selected for the root filesystem during the first steps of the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3189
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Troubleshooting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3190
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The components listed in this section are usually not involved in the "
+"installation process, but are waiting in the background to help the user in "
+"case something goes wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3203
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Saving the installation logs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3205
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the installation is successful, the logfiles created during the "
+"installation process will be automatically saved to <filename>/var/log/"
+"installer/</filename> on your new &debian; system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3212
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Choosing <guimenuitem>Save debug logs</guimenuitem> from the main menu "
+"allows you to save the log files to a USB stick, network, hard disk, or "
+"other media. This can be useful if you encounter fatal problems during the "
+"installation and wish to study the logs on another system or attach them to "
+"an installation report."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3232
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3234
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are several methods you can use to get a shell while running an "
+"installation. On most systems, and if you are not installing over serial "
+"console, the easiest method is to switch to the second <emphasis>virtual "
+"console</emphasis> by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> "
+"<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo><footnote> <para> That is: press the "
+"<keycap>Alt</keycap> key on the left-hand side of the <keycap>space bar</"
+"keycap> and the <keycap>F2</keycap> function key at the same time. </para> </"
+"footnote> (on a Mac keyboard, <keycombo><keycap>Option</keycap> <keycap>F2</"
+"keycap></keycombo>). Use <keycombo><keycap>Left Alt</keycap> <keycap>F1</"
+"keycap></keycombo> to switch back to the installer itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3252
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "For the graphical installer see also <xref linkend=\"gtk-using\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3256
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you cannot switch consoles, there is also an <guimenuitem>Execute a "
+"Shell</guimenuitem> item on the main menu that can be used to start a shell. "
+"You can get to the main menu from most dialogs by using the &BTN-GOBACK; "
+"button one or more times. Type <userinput>exit</userinput> to close the "
+"shell and return to the installer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"At this point you are booted from the RAM disk, and there is a limited set "
+"of Unix utilities available for your use. You can see what programs are "
+"available with the command <command>ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin</"
+"command> and by typing <command>help</command>. The shell is a Bourne shell "
+"clone called <command>ash</command> and has some nice features like "
+"autocompletion and history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3273
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To edit and view files, use the text editor <command>nano</command>. Log "
+"files for the installation system can be found in the <filename>/var/log</"
+"filename> directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3280
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Although you can do basically anything in a shell that the available "
+"commands allow you to do, the option to use a shell is really only there in "
+"case something goes wrong and for debugging."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3286
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Doing things manually from the shell may interfere with the installation "
+"process and result in errors or an incomplete installation. In particular, "
+"you should always use let the installer activate your swap partition and not "
+"do this yourself from a shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3302
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Installation Over the Network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3304
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"One of the more interesting components is <firstterm>network-console</"
+"firstterm>. It allows you to do a large part of the installation over the "
+"network via SSH. The use of the network implies you will have to perform the "
+"first steps of the installation from the console, at least to the point of "
+"setting up the networking. (Although you can automate that part with <xref "
+"linkend=\"automatic-install\"/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3314
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This component is not loaded into the main installation menu by default, so "
+"you have to explicitly ask for it. If you are installing from CD, you need "
+"to boot with medium priority or otherwise invoke the main installation menu "
+"and choose <guimenuitem>Load installer components from CD</guimenuitem> and "
+"from the list of additional components select <guimenuitem>network-console: "
+"Continue installation remotely using SSH</guimenuitem>. Successful load is "
+"indicated by a new menu entry called <guimenuitem>Continue installation "
+"remotely using SSH</guimenuitem>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3327
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For installations on &arch-title;, this is the default method after setting "
+"up the network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3332
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<phrase arch=\"not-s390\">After selecting this new entry, you</phrase> "
+"<phrase arch=\"s390\">You</phrase> will be asked for a new password to be "
+"used for connecting to the installation system and for its confirmation. "
+"That's all. Now you should see a screen which instructs you to login "
+"remotely as the user <emphasis>installer</emphasis> with the password you "
+"just provided. Another important detail to notice on this screen is the "
+"fingerprint of this system. You need to transfer the fingerprint securely to "
+"the person who will continue the installation remotely."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3344
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Should you decide to continue with the installation locally, you can always "
+"press &enterkey;, which will bring you back to the main menu, where you can "
+"select another component."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Now let's switch to the other side of the wire. As a prerequisite, you need "
+"to configure your terminal for UTF-8 encoding, because that is what the "
+"installation system uses. If you do not, remote installation will be still "
+"possible, but you may encounter strange display artefacts like destroyed "
+"dialog borders or unreadable non-ascii characters. Establishing a connection "
+"with the installation system is as simple as typing: "
+"<informalexample><screen>\n"
+"<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ssh -l installer <replaceable>install_host</"
+"replaceable></userinput>\n"
+"</screen></informalexample> Where <replaceable>install_host</replaceable> is "
+"either the name or IP address of the computer being installed. Before the "
+"actual login the fingerprint of the remote system will be displayed and you "
+"will have to confirm that it is correct."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3367
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <command>ssh</command> server in the installer uses a default "
+"configuration that does not send keep-alive packets. In principle, a "
+"connection to the system being installed should be kept open indefinitely. "
+"However, in some situations &mdash; depending on your local network setup "
+"&mdash; the connection may be lost after some period of inactivity. One "
+"common case where this can happen is when there is some form of Network "
+"Address Translation (NAT) somewhere between the client and the system being "
+"installed. Depending on at which point of the installation the connection "
+"was lost, you may or may not be able to resume the installation after "
+"reconnecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"You may be able to avoid the connection being dropped by adding the option "
+"<userinput>-o&nbsp;ServerAliveInterval=<replaceable>value</replaceable></"
+"userinput> when starting the <command>ssh</command> connection, or by adding "
+"that option in your <command>ssh</command> configuration file. Note however "
+"that in some cases adding this option may also <emphasis>cause</emphasis> a "
+"connection to be dropped (for example if keep-alive packets are sent during "
+"a brief network outage, from which <command>ssh</command> would otherwise "
+"have recovered), so it should only be used when needed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3393
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you install several computers in turn and they happen to have the same IP "
+"address or hostname, <command>ssh</command> will refuse to connect to such "
+"host. The reason is that it will have different fingerprint, which is "
+"usually a sign of a spoofing attack. If you are sure this is not the case, "
+"you will need to delete the relevant line from <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts</"
+"filename><footnote> <para> The following command will remove an existing "
+"entry for a host: <command>ssh-keygen -R &lt;<replaceable>hostname</"
+"replaceable>|<replaceable>IP&nbsp;address</replaceable>&gt;</command>. </"
+"para> </footnote> and try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3409
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After the login you will be presented with an initial screen where you have "
+"two possibilities called <guimenuitem>Start menu</guimenuitem> and "
+"<guimenuitem>Start shell</guimenuitem>. The former brings you to the main "
+"installer menu, where you can continue with the installation as usual. The "
+"latter starts a shell from which you can examine and possibly fix the remote "
+"system. You should only start one SSH session for the installation menu, but "
+"may start multiple sessions for shells."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3419
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"After you have started the installation remotely over SSH, you should not go "
+"back to the installation session running on the local console. Doing so may "
+"corrupt the database that holds the configuration of the new system. This in "
+"turn may result in a failed installation or problems with the installed "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3438
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Loading Missing Firmware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3439
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"As described in <xref linkend=\"hardware-firmware\"/>, some devices require "
+"firmware to be loaded. In most cases the device will not work at all if the "
+"firmware is not available; sometimes basic functionality is not impaired if "
+"it is missing and the firmware is only needed to enable additional features."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3447
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If a device driver requests firmware that is not available, &d-i; will "
+"display a dialog offering to load the missing firmware. If this option is "
+"selected, &d-i; will scan available devices for either loose firmware files "
+"or packages containing firmware. If found, the firmware will be copied to "
+"the correct location (<filename>/lib/firmware</filename>) and the driver "
+"module will be reloaded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3457
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Which devices are scanned and which file systems are supported depends on "
+"the architecture, the installation method and the stage of the installation. "
+"Especially during the early stages of the installation, loading the firmware "
+"is most likely to succeed from a FAT-formatted USB stick. <phrase arch="
+"\"x86\">On i386 and amd64 firmware can also be loaded from an MMC or SD card."
+"</phrase>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3467
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that it is possible to skip loading the firmware if you know the device "
+"will also function without it, or if the device is not needed during the "
+"installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3473
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&d-i; only prompts for firmware needed by kernel modules loaded during the "
+"installation. Not all drivers are included in &d-i;, in particular radeon is "
+"not, so this implies that the capabilities of some devices may be no "
+"different at the end of the installation from what they were at the "
+"beginning. Consequently, some of your hardware may not be being used to its "
+"full potential. If you suspect this is the case, or are just curious, it is "
+"not a bad idea to check the output of the <command>dmesg</command> command "
+"on the newly booted system and search for <quote>firmware</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3487
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Preparing a medium"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3488
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Official CD images do not include non-free firmware. The most common method "
+"to load such firmware is from some removable medium such as a USB stick. "
+"Alternatively, unofficial CD builds containing non-free firmware can be "
+"found at <ulink url=\"&url-firmware-cds;\"></ulink>. To prepare a USB stick "
+"(or other medium like a hard drive partition), the firmware files or "
+"packages must be placed in either the root directory or a directory named "
+"<filename>/firmware</filename> of the file system on the medium. The "
+"recommended file system to use is FAT as that is most certain to be "
+"supported during the early stages of the installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3501
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Tarballs and zip files containing current packages for the most common "
+"firmware are available from: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <ulink url="
+"\"&url-firmware-tarballs;\"></ulink> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> Just "
+"download the tarball or zip file for the correct release and unpack it to "
+"the file system on the medium."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3515
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the firmware you need is not included in the tarball, you can also "
+"download specific firmware packages from the (non-free section of the) "
+"archive. The following overview should list most available firmware packages "
+"but is not guaranteed to be complete and may also contain non-firmware "
+"packages:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3529
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"It is also possible to copy individual firmware files to the medium. Loose "
+"firmware could be obtained for example from an already installed system or "
+"from a hardware vendor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: using-d-i.xml:3538
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Firmware and the Installed System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3539
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any firmware loaded during the installation will be copied automatically to "
+"the installed system. In most cases this will ensure that the device that "
+"requires the firmware will also work correctly after the system is rebooted "
+"into the installed system. However, if the installed system runs a different "
+"kernel version from the installer there is a slight chance that the firmware "
+"cannot be loaded due to version skew."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3548
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the firmware was loaded from a firmware package, &d-i; will also install "
+"this package for the installed system and will automatically add the non-"
+"free section of the package archive in APT's <filename>sources.list</"
+"filename>. This has the advantage that the firmware should be updated "
+"automatically if a new version becomes available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3556
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If loading the firmware was skipped during the installation, the relevant "
+"device will probably not work with the installed system until the firmware "
+"(package) is installed manually."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: using-d-i.xml:3563
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"If the firmware was loaded from loose firmware files, the firmware copied to "
+"the installed system will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be automatically updated "
+"unless the corresponding firmware package (if available) is installed after "
+"the installation is completed."
+msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/uk/welcome.po b/po/uk/welcome.po
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6911c552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/uk/welcome.po
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: welcome_uk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Ukranian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:4
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Welcome to &debian;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:5
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This chapter provides an overview of the &debian; Project and &debian-gnu;. "
+"If you already know about the &debian; Project's history and the &debian-"
+"gnu; distribution, feel free to skip to the next chapter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:19
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is Debian?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:20
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian is an all-volunteer organization dedicated to developing free "
+"software and promoting the ideals of the Free Software community. The Debian "
+"Project began in 1993, when Ian Murdock issued an open invitation to "
+"software developers to contribute to a complete and coherent software "
+"distribution based on the relatively new Linux kernel. That relatively small "
+"band of dedicated enthusiasts, originally funded by the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"fsf;\">Free Software Foundation</ulink> and influenced by the <ulink url="
+"\"&url-gnu-intro;\">GNU</ulink> philosophy, has grown over the years into an "
+"organization of around &num-of-debian-developers; <firstterm>Debian "
+"Developers</firstterm>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:35
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian Developers are involved in a variety of activities, including <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-debian-home;\">Web</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&url-debian-ftp;"
+"\">FTP</ulink> site administration, graphic design, legal analysis of "
+"software licenses, writing documentation, and, of course, maintaining "
+"software packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:44
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In the interest of communicating our philosophy and attracting developers "
+"who believe in the principles that Debian stands for, the Debian Project has "
+"published a number of documents that outline our values and serve as guides "
+"to what it means to be a Debian Developer:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:52
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-social-contract;\">Debian Social Contract</ulink> is a "
+"statement of Debian's commitments to the Free Software Community. Anyone who "
+"agrees to abide to the Social Contract may become a <ulink url=\"&url-new-"
+"maintainer;\">maintainer</ulink>. Any maintainer can introduce new software "
+"into Debian &mdash; provided that the software meets our criteria for being "
+"free, and the package follows our quality standards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:64
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-dfsg;\">Debian Free Software Guidelines</ulink> are a "
+"clear and concise statement of Debian's criteria for free software. The DFSG "
+"is a very influential document in the Free Software Movement, and was the "
+"foundation of the <ulink url=\"&url-osd;\">The Open Source Definition</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:74
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-debian-policy;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> is an "
+"extensive specification of the Debian Project's standards of quality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:82
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian developers are also involved in a number of other projects; some "
+"specific to Debian, others involving some or all of the Linux community. "
+"Some examples include:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:89
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-fhs-home;\">Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</ulink> "
+"(FHS) is an effort to standardize the layout of the Linux file system. The "
+"FHS will allow software developers to concentrate their efforts on designing "
+"programs, without having to worry about how the package will be installed in "
+"different GNU/Linux distributions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:99
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-jr;\">Debian Jr.</ulink> is an internal project, "
+"aimed at making sure Debian has something to offer to our youngest users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:108
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more general information about Debian, see the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-"
+"faq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:123
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is GNU/Linux?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:124
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux is an operating system: a series of programs that let you interact "
+"with your computer and run other programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:129
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"An operating system consists of various fundamental programs which are "
+"needed by your computer so that it can communicate and receive instructions "
+"from users; read and write data to hard disks, tapes, and printers; control "
+"the use of memory; and run other software. The most important part of an "
+"operating system is the kernel. In a GNU/Linux system, Linux is the kernel "
+"component. The rest of the system consists of other programs, many of which "
+"were written by or for the GNU Project. Because the Linux kernel alone does "
+"not form a working operating system, we prefer to use the term <quote>GNU/"
+"Linux</quote> to refer to systems that many people casually refer to as "
+"<quote>Linux</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:143
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux is modelled on the Unix operating system. From the start, Linux was "
+"designed to be a multi-tasking, multi-user system. These facts are enough to "
+"make Linux different from other well-known operating systems. However, Linux "
+"is even more different than you might imagine. In contrast to other "
+"operating systems, nobody owns Linux. Much of its development is done by "
+"unpaid volunteers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:152
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Development of what later became GNU/Linux began in 1984, when the <ulink "
+"url=\"&url-fsf;\">Free Software Foundation</ulink> began development of a "
+"free Unix-like operating system called GNU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:158
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-gnu;\">GNU Project</ulink> has developed a "
+"comprehensive set of free software tools for use with Unix&trade; and Unix-"
+"like operating systems such as Linux. These tools enable users to perform "
+"tasks ranging from the mundane (such as copying or removing files from the "
+"system) to the arcane (such as writing and compiling programs or doing "
+"sophisticated editing in a variety of document formats)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:168
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"While many groups and individuals have contributed to Linux, the largest "
+"single contributor is still the Free Software Foundation, which created not "
+"only most of the tools used in Linux, but also the philosophy and the "
+"community that made Linux possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:175
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-org;\">Linux kernel</ulink> first appeared in "
+"1991, when a Finnish computing science student named Linus Torvalds "
+"announced an early version of a replacement kernel for Minix to the Usenet "
+"newsgroup <userinput>comp.os.minix</userinput>. See Linux International's "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-linux-history;\">Linux History Page</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:184
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linus Torvalds continues to coordinate the work of several hundred "
+"developers with the help of a number of subsystem maintainers. There is an "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-kernel-org;\">official website</ulink> for the Linux "
+"kernel. Information about the <userinput>linux-kernel</userinput> mailing "
+"list can be found on the <ulink url=\"&url-linux-kernel-list-faq;\">linux-"
+"kernel mailing list FAQ</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:194
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux users have immense freedom of choice in their software. For example, "
+"Linux users can choose from a dozen different command line shells and "
+"several graphical desktops. This selection is often bewildering to users of "
+"other operating systems, who are not used to thinking of the command line or "
+"desktop as something that they can change."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:203
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Linux is also less likely to crash, better able to run more than one program "
+"at the same time, and more secure than many operating systems. With these "
+"advantages, Linux is the fastest growing operating system in the server "
+"market. More recently, Linux has begun to be popular among home and business "
+"users as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:221
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is &debian; GNU/Linux?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:222
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The combination of &debian;'s philosophy and methodology and the GNU tools, "
+"the Linux kernel, and other important free software, form a unique software "
+"distribution called &debian; GNU/Linux. This distribution is made up of a "
+"large number of software <emphasis>packages</emphasis>. Each package in the "
+"distribution contains executables, scripts, documentation, and configuration "
+"information, and has a <emphasis>maintainer</emphasis> who is primarily "
+"responsible for keeping the package up-to-date, tracking bug reports, and "
+"communicating with the upstream author(s) of the packaged software. Our "
+"extremely large user base, combined with our bug tracking system ensures "
+"that problems are found and fixed quickly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:236
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian;'s attention to detail allows us to produce a high-quality, stable, "
+"and scalable distribution. Installations can be easily configured to serve "
+"many roles, from stripped-down firewalls to desktop scientific workstations "
+"to high-end network servers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:243
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; is especially popular among advanced users because of its technical "
+"excellence and its deep commitment to the needs and expectations of the "
+"Linux community. &debian; also introduced many features to Linux that are "
+"now commonplace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:250
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For example, &debian; was the first Linux distribution to include a package "
+"management system for easy installation and removal of software. It was also "
+"the first Linux distribution that could be upgraded without requiring "
+"reinstallation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:257
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; continues to be a leader in Linux development. Its development "
+"process is an example of just how well the Open Source development model can "
+"work &mdash; even for very complex tasks such as building and maintaining a "
+"complete operating system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:264
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The feature that most distinguishes &debian; from other Linux distributions "
+"is its package management system. These tools give the administrator of a "
+"&debian; system complete control over the packages installed on that system, "
+"including the ability to install a single package or automatically update "
+"the entire operating system. Individual packages can also be protected from "
+"being updated. You can even tell the package management system about "
+"software you have compiled yourself and what dependencies it fulfills."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:275
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"To protect your system against <quote>Trojan horses</quote> and other "
+"malevolent software, &debian;'s servers verify that uploaded packages come "
+"from their registered &debian; maintainers. &debian; packagers also take "
+"great care to configure their packages in a secure manner. When security "
+"problems in shipped packages do appear, fixes are usually available very "
+"quickly. With &debian;'s simple update options, security fixes can be "
+"downloaded and installed automatically across the Internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:285
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The primary, and best, method of getting support for your &debian; GNU/Linux "
+"system and communicating with &debian; Developers is through the many "
+"mailing lists maintained by the &debian; Project (there are more than &num-"
+"of-debian-maillists; at this writing). The easiest way to subscribe to one "
+"or more of these lists is visit <ulink url=\"&url-debian-lists-subscribe;\"> "
+"Debian's mailing list subscription page</ulink> and fill out the form you'll "
+"find there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:308
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is &debian; GNU/kFreeBSD?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:310
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; GNU/kFreeBSD is a &debian; GNU system with the kFreeBSD kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:314
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This port of &debian; is currently only being developed for the i386 and "
+"amd64 architectures, although ports to other architectures is possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:319
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please note that &debian; GNU/kFreeBSD is not a Linux system, and thus some "
+"information on Linux system may not apply to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:324
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more information, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/"
+"kfreebsd-gnu/\"> &debian; GNU/kFreeBSD ports page</ulink> and the "
+"<email>debian-bsd@lists.debian.org</email> mailing list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:343
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is &debian; GNU/Hurd?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:345
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; GNU/Hurd is a &debian; GNU system with the GNU Hurd &mdash; a set "
+"of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:350
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The Hurd is still unfinished, and is unsuitable for day-to-day use, but work "
+"is continuing. The Hurd is currently only being developed for the i386 "
+"architecture, although ports to other architectures will be made once the "
+"system becomes more stable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:358
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please note that &debian; GNU/Hurd is not a Linux system, and thus some "
+"information on Linux system may not apply to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:363
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more information, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/"
+"\"> &debian; GNU/Hurd ports page</ulink> and the <email>debian-hurd@lists."
+"debian.org</email> mailing list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:380
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "What is the Debian Installer?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:382
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Debian Installer, also known as <quote>d-i</quote>, is the software system "
+"to install a basic working Debian system. A wide range of hardware such as "
+"embedded devices, laptops, desktops and server machines is supported and a "
+"large set of free software for many purposes is offered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:389
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installation is conducted by answering a basic set of questions. Also "
+"available are an expert mode that allows to control every aspect of the "
+"installation and an advanced feature to perform automated installations. The "
+"installed system can be used as is or further customized. The installation "
+"can be performed from a multitude of sources: USB, CD/DVD/Blu-Ray or the "
+"network. The installer supports localized installations in more than 80 "
+"languages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:399
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The installer has its origin in the boot-floppies project, and it was <ulink "
+"url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-boot/2000/06/msg00279.html\">first "
+"mentioned</ulink> by Joey Hess in 2000. Since then the installation system "
+"has been continuously developed by volunteers improving and adding more "
+"features."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:407
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"More information can be found on the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i;\">Debian "
+"Installer page</ulink>, on the <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-wiki;\">Wiki</ulink> "
+"and on the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-boot-list;\">debian-boot mailing list</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:422
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Getting &debian;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:424
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For information on how to download &debian-gnu; from the Internet or from "
+"whom official &debian; CDs can be purchased, see the <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"debian-distrib;\">distribution web page</ulink>. The <ulink url=\"&url-"
+"debian-mirrors;\">list of &debian; mirrors</ulink> contains a full set of "
+"official &debian; mirrors, so you can easily find the nearest one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:433
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"&debian; can be upgraded after installation very easily. The installation "
+"procedure will help set up the system so that you can make those upgrades "
+"once installation is complete, if need be."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:448
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Getting the Newest Version of This Document"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:450
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document is constantly being revised. Be sure to check the <ulink url="
+"\"&url-release-area;\"> Debian &release; pages</ulink> for any last-minute "
+"information about the &release; release of the &debian-gnu; system. Updated "
+"versions of this installation manual are also available from the <ulink url="
+"\"&url-install-manual;\">official Install Manual pages</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:468
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Organization of This Document"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:470
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"This document is meant to serve as a manual for first-time &debian; users. "
+"It tries to make as few assumptions as possible about your level of "
+"expertise. However, we do assume that you have a general understanding of "
+"how the hardware in your computer works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:477
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Expert users may also find interesting reference information in this "
+"document, including minimum installation sizes, details about the hardware "
+"supported by the &debian; installation system, and so on. We encourage "
+"expert users to jump around in the document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:484
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In general, this manual is arranged in a linear fashion, walking you through "
+"the installation process from start to finish. Here are the steps in "
+"installing &debian-gnu;, and the sections of this document which correlate "
+"with each step:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:492
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Determine whether your hardware meets the requirements for using the "
+"installation system, in <xref linkend=\"hardware-req\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:498
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Backup your system, perform any necessary planning and hardware "
+"configuration prior to installing &debian;, in <xref linkend=\"preparing\"/"
+">. If you are preparing a multi-boot system, you may need to create "
+"partitionable space on your hard disk for &debian; to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:506
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"In <xref linkend=\"install-methods\"/>, you will obtain the necessary "
+"installation files for your method of installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:512
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The next <xref linkend=\"boot-installer\"/> describes booting into the "
+"installation system. This chapter also discusses troubleshooting procedures "
+"in case you have problems with this step."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:519
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Perform the actual installation according to <xref linkend=\"d-i-intro\"/>. "
+"This involves choosing your language, configuring peripheral driver modules, "
+"configuring your network connection, so that remaining installation files "
+"can be obtained directly from a &debian; server (if you are not installing "
+"from a CD/DVD set), partitioning your hard drives and installation of a base "
+"system, then selection and installation of tasks. (Some background about "
+"setting up the partitions for your &debian; system is explained in <xref "
+"linkend=\"partitioning\"/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:532
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Boot into your newly installed base system, from <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:540
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Once you've got your system installed, you can read <xref linkend=\"post-"
+"install\"/>. That chapter explains where to look to find more information "
+"about Unix and &debian;, and how to replace your kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:550
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Finally, information about this document and how to contribute to it may be "
+"found in <xref linkend=\"administrivia\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:560
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "Your Documentation Help is Welcome"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:562
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Any help, suggestions, and especially, patches, are greatly appreciated. "
+"Working versions of this document can be found at <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-"
+"dillon-manual;\"></ulink>. There you will find a list of all the different "
+"architectures and languages for which this document is available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:569
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Source is also available publicly; look in <xref linkend=\"administrivia\"/> "
+"for more information concerning how to contribute. We welcome suggestions, "
+"comments, patches, and bug reports (use the package <classname>installation-"
+"guide</classname> for bugs, but check first to see if the problem is already "
+"reported)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: title
+#: welcome.xml:585
+#, no-c-format
+msgid "About Copyrights and Software Licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:588
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"We're sure that you've read some of the licenses that come with most "
+"commercial software &mdash; they usually say that you can only use one copy "
+"of the software on a single computer. This system's license isn't like that "
+"at all. We encourage you to put a copy of &debian-gnu; on every computer in "
+"your school or place of business. Lend your installation media to your "
+"friends and help them install it on their computers! You can even make "
+"thousands of copies and <emphasis>sell</emphasis> them &mdash; albeit with a "
+"few restrictions. Your freedom to install and use the system comes directly "
+"from &debian; being based on <emphasis>free software</emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:601
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Calling software <emphasis>free</emphasis> doesn't mean that the software "
+"isn't copyrighted, and it doesn't mean that CDs/DVDs containing that "
+"software must be distributed at no charge. Free software, in part, means "
+"that the licenses of individual programs do not require you to pay for the "
+"privilege of distributing or using those programs. Free software also means "
+"that not only may anyone extend, adapt, and modify the software, but that "
+"they may distribute the results of their work as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:612
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The &debian; project, as a pragmatic concession to its users, does make some "
+"packages available that do not meet our criteria for being free. These "
+"packages are not part of the official distribution, however, and are only "
+"available from the <userinput>contrib</userinput> or <userinput>non-free</"
+"userinput> areas of &debian; mirrors or on third-party CD/DVD-ROMs; see the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-faq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>, under <quote>The Debian "
+"FTP archives</quote>, for more information about the layout and contents of "
+"the archives."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:626
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"Many of the programs in the system are licensed under the <emphasis>GNU</"
+"emphasis> <emphasis>General Public License</emphasis>, often simply referred "
+"to as <quote>the GPL</quote>. The GPL requires you to make the "
+"<emphasis>source code</emphasis> of the programs available whenever you "
+"distribute a binary copy of the program; that provision of the license "
+"ensures that any user will be able to modify the software. Because of this "
+"provision, the source code<footnote> <para> For information on how to "
+"locate, unpack, and build binaries from &debian; source packages, see the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-faq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>, under <quote>Basics of "
+"the Debian Package Management System</quote>. </para> </footnote> for all "
+"such programs is available in the &debian; system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:645
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"There are several other forms of copyright statements and software licenses "
+"used on the programs in &debian;. You can find the copyrights and licenses "
+"for every package installed on your system by looking in the file <filename>/"
+"usr/share/doc/<replaceable>package-name</replaceable>/copyright </filename> "
+"once you've installed a package on your system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:655
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"For more information about licenses and how &debian; determines whether "
+"software is free enough to be included in the main distribution, see the "
+"<ulink url=\"&url-dfsg;\">Debian Free Software Guidelines</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Tag: para
+#: welcome.xml:661
+#, no-c-format
+msgid ""
+"The most important legal notice is that this software comes with "
+"<emphasis>no warranties</emphasis>. The programmers who have created this "
+"software have done so for the benefit of the community. No guarantee is made "
+"as to the suitability of the software for any given purpose. However, since "
+"the software is free, you are empowered to modify that software to suit your "
+"needs &mdash; and to enjoy the benefits of the changes made by others who "
+"have extended the software in this way."
+msgstr ""