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diff --git a/po/uk/install-methods.po b/po/uk/install-methods.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..060b97d57 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/uk/install-methods.po @@ -0,0 +1,1380 @@ +# Debian installation guide - translation into Ukranian +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: install-methods_uk\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-06 18:46+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-03 08:32+0100\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: Ukranian\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: uk\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:5 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Obtaining System Installation Media" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:12 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Official &debian-gnu; CD/DVD-ROM Sets" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:13 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By far the easiest way to install &debian-gnu; is from an Official &debian; " +"CD/DVD-ROM Set. You can buy a set from a vendor (see the <ulink url=\"&url-" +"debian-cd-vendors;\">CD vendors page</ulink>). You may also download the CD/" +"DVD-ROM images from a &debian; mirror and make your own set, if you have a " +"fast network connection and a CD/DVD burner (see the <ulink url=\"&url-" +"debian-cd;\">Debian CD page</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&url-debian-cd-faq;" +"\">Debian CD FAQ</ulink> for detailed instructions). If you have a &debian; " +"CD/DVD set and CDs/DVDs are bootable on your machine<phrase arch=\"x86\">, " +"which is the case on all modern PCs</phrase>, you can skip right to <xref " +"linkend=\"boot-installer\"/>. Much effort has been expended to ensure the " +"most-used files are on the first CDs and DVDs, so that a basic desktop " +"installation can be done with only the first DVD or - to a limited extent - " +"even with only the first CD." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:30 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"As CDs have a rather limited capacity by today's standards, not all " +"graphical desktop environments are installable with only the first CD; for " +"some desktop environments a CD installation requires either network " +"connectivity during the installation to download the remaining files or " +"additional CDs." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:38 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Also, keep in mind: if the CDs/DVDs you are using don't contain some " +"packages you need, you can always install those packages afterwards from " +"your running new Debian system (after the installation has finished). If you " +"need to know on which CD/DVD to find a specific package, visit <ulink url=" +"\"https://cdimage-search.debian.org/\">https://cdimage-search.debian.org/</" +"ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:46 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If your machine doesn't support CD booting<phrase arch=\"x86\"> (only " +"relevant on very old PC systems)</phrase>, but you do have a CD set, you can " +"use an alternative strategy such as <phrase arch=\"s390\">VM reader,</" +"phrase> <phrase condition=\"bootable-disk\">hard disk,</phrase> <phrase " +"condition=\"bootable-usb\">usb stick,</phrase> <phrase condition=\"supports-" +"tftp\">net boot,</phrase> or manually loading the kernel from the CD to " +"initially boot the system installer. The files you need for booting by " +"another means are also on the CD; the &debian; network archive and CD folder " +"organization are identical. So when archive file paths are given below for " +"particular files you need for booting, look for those files in the same " +"directories and subdirectories on your CD." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:67 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Once the installer is booted, it will be able to obtain all the other files " +"it needs from the CD." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:72 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you don't have a CD set, then you will need to download the installer " +"system files and place them on the <phrase arch=\"s390\">VM minidisk</" +"phrase> <phrase condition=\"bootable-disk\">hard disk or</phrase> <phrase " +"condition=\"bootable-usb\">usb stick or</phrase> <phrase condition=" +"\"supports-tftp\">a connected computer</phrase> so they can be used to boot " +"the installer." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:96 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Downloading Files from &debian; Mirrors" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:98 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To find the nearest (and thus probably the fastest) mirror, see the <ulink " +"url=\"&url-debian-mirrors;\">list of &debian; mirrors</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:106 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Where to Find Installation Images" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:108 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installation images are located on each &debian; mirror in the directory " +"<ulink url=\"&url-debian-installer;images\">debian/dists/&releasename;/main/" +"installer-&architecture;/current/images/</ulink> — the <ulink url=" +"\"&url-debian-installer;images/MANIFEST\">MANIFEST</ulink> lists each image " +"and its purpose." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:120 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Kurobox Pro Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:121 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The Kurobox Pro requires a kernel and ramdisk on an ext2 partition on the " +"disk on which you intend to install &debian;. These images can be obtained " +"from &kuroboxpro-firmware-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:131 +#, no-c-format +msgid "HP mv2120 Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:132 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A firmware image is provided for the HP mv2120 which will automatically boot " +"<classname>debian-installer</classname>. This image can be installed with " +"uphpmvault on Linux and other systems and with the HP Media Vault Firmware " +"Recovery Utility on Windows. The firmware image can be obtained from &mv2120-" +"firmware-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:144 +#, no-c-format +msgid "QNAP Turbo Station Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:145 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installation files for the QNAP Turbo Station consist of a kernel and " +"ramdisk as well as a script to write these images to flash. You can obtain " +"the installation files for QNAP TS-11x/TS-12x, HS-210, TS-21x/TS-22x and " +"TS-41x/TS-42x models from &qnap-kirkwood-firmware-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:156 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Plug Computer and OpenRD Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:157 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installation files for plug computers (SheevaPlug, GuruPlug, DreamPlug " +"etc) and OpenRD devices consist of a kernel and initrd for U-Boot. You can " +"obtain these files from &kirkwood-marvell-firmware-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:167 +#, no-c-format +msgid "LaCie NASes Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:168 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installation files for LaCie NASes (Network Space v2, Network Space Max " +"v2, Internet Space v2, d2 Network v2, 2Big Network v2 and 5Big Network v2) " +"consist of a kernel and initrd for U-Boot. You can obtain these files from " +"&lacie-kirkwood-firmware-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:179 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Armhf Multiplatform Installation Files" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:180 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installation files for systems supported by the armhf multiplatform " +"kernel (see <xref linkend=\"armhf-armmp-supported-platforms\"/>) consist of " +"a standard Linux kernel image, a standard Linux initial ramdisk image and a " +"system-specific device-tree blob. The kernel and the initial ramdisk image " +"for tftp-booting can be obtained from &armmp-firmware-img; and the device-" +"tree blob can be obtained from &armmp-dtb-img;. The tar archive for creating " +"a bootable USB stick with the installer can be obtained from &armmp-hd-media-" +"tarball;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:192 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"U-boot images for various armhf platforms are available at &armmp-uboot-img;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:238 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:240 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To prepare the USB stick, you will need a system where GNU/Linux is already " +"running and where USB is supported. With current GNU/Linux systems the USB " +"stick should be automatically recognized when you insert it. If it is not " +"you should check that the usb-storage kernel module is loaded. When the USB " +"stick is inserted, it will be mapped to a device named <filename>/dev/sdX</" +"filename>, where the <quote>X</quote> is a letter in the range a-z. You " +"should be able to see to which device the USB stick was mapped by running " +"the command <command>dmesg</command> after inserting it. To write to your " +"stick, you may have to turn off its write protection switch." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:253 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The procedures described in this section will destroy anything already on " +"the device! Make very sure that you use the correct device name for your USB " +"stick. If you use the wrong device the result could be that all information " +"on for example a hard disk could be lost." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:263 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Preparing a USB stick using a hybrid CD or DVD image" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:264 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Debian CD and DVD images can now be written directly to a USB stick, which " +"is a very easy way to make a bootable USB stick. Simply choose a CD or DVD " +"image (such as the netinst, CD-1, DVD-1, or netboot) that will fit on your " +"USB stick. See <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/> to get a CD or DVD image." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:272 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Alternatively, for very small USB sticks, only a few megabytes in size, you " +"can download the <filename>mini.iso</filename> image from the " +"<filename>netboot</filename> directory (at the location mentioned in <xref " +"linkend=\"where-files\"/>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:279 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The CD or DVD image you choose should be written directly to the USB stick, " +"overwriting its current contents. For example, when using an existing GNU/" +"Linux system, the CD or DVD image file can be written to a USB stick as " +"follows, after having made sure that the stick is unmounted: " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp <replaceable>debian.iso</replaceable> /dev/" +"<replaceable>sdX</replaceable></userinput>\n" +"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sync</userinput>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Information about how to do this on other " +"operating systems can be found in the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-cd-faq-write-" +"usb;\">Debian CD FAQ</ulink>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:291 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The image must be written to the whole-disk device and not a partition, e." +"g. /dev/sdb and not /dev/sdb1. Do not use tools like <command>unetbootin</" +"command> which alter the image." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:297 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Simply writing the CD or DVD image to USB like this should work fine for " +"most users. The other options below are more complex, mainly for people with " +"specialised needs." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:305 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The hybrid image on the stick does not occupy all the storage space, so it " +"may be worth considering using the free space to hold firmware files or " +"packages or any other files of your choice. This could be useful if you have " +"only one stick or just want to keep everything you need on one device." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:313 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Create a second, FAT partition on the stick, mount the partition and copy or " +"unpack the firmware onto it. For example:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: install-methods.xml:318 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"# mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /mnt\n" +"# cd /mnt\n" +"# tar zxvf <replaceable>/path/to/</replaceable>firmware.tar.gz\n" +"# cd /\n" +"# umount /mnt" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:320 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You might have written the <filename>mini.iso</filename> to the USB stick. " +"In this case the second partition doesn't have to be created as, very " +"nicely, it will already be present. Unplugging and replugging the USB stick " +"should make the two partitions visible." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:334 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Manually copying files to the USB stick" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:335 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"An alternative way to set up your USB stick is to manually copy the " +"installer files, and also a CD image to it. Note that the USB stick should " +"be at least 1 GB in size (smaller setups are possible if you follow <xref " +"linkend=\"usb-copy-flexible\"/>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:342 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There is an all-in-one file <filename>hd-media/boot.img.gz</filename> which " +"contains all the installer files (including the kernel) <phrase arch=" +"\"x86\">as well as <classname>syslinux</classname> and its configuration " +"file</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">as well as <classname>yaboot</" +"classname> and its configuration file</phrase>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:351 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Note that, although convenient, this method does have one major " +"disadvantage: the logical size of the device will be limited to 1 GB, even " +"if the capacity of the USB stick is larger. You will need to repartition the " +"USB stick and create new file systems to get its full capacity back if you " +"ever want to use it for some different purpose." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:359 +#, no-c-format +msgid "To use this image simply extract it directly to your USB stick:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: install-methods.xml:363 +#, no-c-format +msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:365 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Create a partition of type \"Apple_Bootstrap\" on your USB stick using " +"<command>mac-fdisk</command>'s <userinput>C</userinput> command and extract " +"the image directly to that:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: install-methods.xml:371 +#, no-c-format +msgid "# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:373 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After that, mount the USB memory stick <phrase arch=" +"\"x86\">(<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable> /mnt</" +"userinput>),</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc\">(<userinput>mount /dev/" +"<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /mnt</userinput>),</phrase> which will now " +"have <phrase arch=\"x86\">a FAT filesystem</phrase> <phrase arch=\"powerpc" +"\">an HFS filesystem</phrase> on it, and copy a &debian; ISO image (netinst " +"or full CD) to it. Unmount the stick (<userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>) " +"and you are done." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:390 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Manually copying files to the USB stick — the flexible way" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:391 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you like more flexibility or just want to know what's going on, you " +"should use the following method to put the files on your stick. One " +"advantage of using this method is that — if the capacity of your USB " +"stick is large enough — you have the option of copying any ISO image, " +"even a DVD image, to it." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:406 install-methods.xml:528 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Partitioning the USB stick" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:407 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"We will show how to set up the memory stick to use the first partition, " +"instead of the entire device." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:412 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Since most USB sticks come pre-configured with a single FAT16 partition, you " +"probably won't have to repartition or reformat the stick. If you have to do " +"that anyway, use <command>cfdisk</command> or any other partitioning tool to " +"create a FAT16 partition<footnote> <para> Don't forget to set the " +"<quote>bootable</quote> bootable flag. </para> </footnote>, install an MBR " +"using: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# install-mbr /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> The <command>install-mbr</command> command is " +"contained in the <classname>mbr</classname> &debian; package. Then create " +"the filesystem using: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# mkdosfs /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Take care that you use the correct device name " +"for your USB stick. The <command>mkdosfs</command> command is contained in " +"the <classname>dosfstools</classname> &debian; package." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:436 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a " +"boot loader on the stick. Although any boot loader (e.g. <classname>lilo</" +"classname>) should work, it's convenient to use <classname>syslinux</" +"classname>, since it uses a FAT16 partition and can be reconfigured by just " +"editing a text file. Any operating system which supports the FAT file system " +"can be used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:446 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To put <classname>syslinux</classname> on the FAT16 partition on your USB " +"stick, install the <classname>syslinux</classname> and <classname>mtools</" +"classname> packages on your system, and do: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# syslinux /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Again, take care that you use the correct device " +"name. The partition must not be mounted when starting <command>syslinux</" +"command>. This procedure writes a boot sector to the partition and creates " +"the file <filename>ldlinux.sys</filename> which contains the boot loader " +"code." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:463 install-methods.xml:575 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Adding the installer image" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:464 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX1</replaceable> /" +"mnt</userinput>) and copy the following installer image files to the stick: " +"<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>vmlinuz</filename> or " +"<filename>linux</filename> (kernel binary) </para></listitem> " +"<listitem><para> <filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image) </" +"para></listitem> </itemizedlist> You can choose between either the text-" +"based or the graphical version of the installer. The latter can be found in " +"the <filename>gtk</filename> subdirectory. If you want to rename the files, " +"please note that <classname>syslinux</classname> can only process DOS (8.3) " +"file names." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:488 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next you should create a <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename> configuration " +"file, which at a bare minimum should contain the following line (change the " +"name of the kernel binary to <quote><filename>linux</filename></quote> if " +"you used a <filename>netboot</filename> image): <informalexample><screen>\n" +"default vmlinuz initrd=initrd.gz\n" +"</screen></informalexample> For the graphical installer you should add " +"<userinput>vga=788</userinput> to the line. Other parameters can be appended " +"as desired." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:500 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To enable the boot prompt to permit further parameter appending, add a " +"<userinput>prompt 1</userinput> line." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:505 install-methods.xml:615 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you used an <filename>hd-media</filename> image, you should now copy the " +"ISO file of a &debian; ISO image<footnote> <para> You can use either a " +"netinst or a full CD image (see <xref linkend=\"official-cdrom\"/>). Be sure " +"to select one that fits. Note that the <quote>netboot <filename>mini.iso</" +"filename></quote> image is not usable for this purpose. </para> </footnote> " +"onto the stick. When you are done, unmount the USB memory stick " +"(<userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:529 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Most USB sticks do not come pre-configured in such a way that Open Firmware " +"can boot from them, so you will need to repartition the stick. On Mac " +"systems, run <userinput>mac-fdisk /dev/<replaceable>sdX</replaceable></" +"userinput>, initialise a new partition map using the <userinput>i</" +"userinput> command, and create a new partition of type Apple_Bootstrap using " +"the <userinput>C</userinput> command. (Note that the first \"partition\" " +"will always be the partition map itself.) Then type " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"$ hformat /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Take care that you use the correct device name " +"for your USB stick. The <command>hformat</command> command is contained in " +"the <classname>hfsutils</classname> &debian; package." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:546 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will put a " +"boot loader on the stick. The <command>yaboot</command> boot loader can be " +"installed on an HFS filesystem and can be reconfigured by just editing a " +"text file. Any operating system which supports the HFS file system can be " +"used to make changes to the configuration of the boot loader." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:555 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The normal <command>ybin</command> tool that comes with <command>yaboot</" +"command> does not yet understand USB storage devices, so you will have to " +"install <command>yaboot</command> by hand using the <classname>hfsutils</" +"classname> tools. Type <informalexample><screen>\n" +"$ hmount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable>\n" +"$ hcopy -r /usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot :\n" +"$ hattrib -c UNIX -t tbxi :yaboot\n" +"$ hattrib -b :\n" +"$ humount\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Again, take care that you use the correct device " +"name. The partition must not be otherwise mounted during this procedure. " +"This procedure writes the boot loader to the partition, and uses the HFS " +"utilities to mark it in such a way that Open Firmware will boot it. Having " +"done this, the rest of the USB stick may be prepared using the normal Unix " +"utilities." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:576 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/<replaceable>sdX2</replaceable> /" +"mnt</userinput>) and copy the following installer image files to the stick:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:583 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>vmlinux</filename> (kernel binary)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:588 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:593 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> (yaboot configuration file)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:598 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>boot.msg</filename> (optional boot message)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:605 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> configuration file should contain the " +"following lines: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"default=install\n" +"root=/dev/ram\n" +"\n" +"message=/boot.msg\n" +"\n" +"image=/vmlinux\n" +" label=install\n" +" initrd=/initrd.gz\n" +" initrd-size=10000\n" +" read-only\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Please note that the <userinput>initrd-size</" +"userinput> parameter may need to be increased, depending on the image you " +"are booting." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:643 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:644 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installer may be booted using boot files placed on an existing hard " +"drive partition, either launched from another operating system or by " +"invoking a boot loader directly from the BIOS." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:650 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"A full, <quote>pure network</quote> installation can be achieved using this " +"technique. This avoids all hassles of removable media, like finding and " +"burning CD images." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:656 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The installer cannot boot from files on an HFS+ file system. MacOS System " +"8.1 and above may use HFS+ file systems; NewWorld PowerMacs all use HFS+. To " +"determine whether your existing file system is HFS+, select <userinput>Get " +"Info</userinput> for the volume in question. HFS file systems appear as " +"<userinput>Mac OS Standard</userinput>, while HFS+ file systems say " +"<userinput>Mac OS Extended</userinput>. You must have an HFS partition in " +"order to exchange files between MacOS and Linux, in particular the " +"installation files you download." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:667 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Different programs are used for hard disk installation system booting, " +"depending on whether the system is a <quote>NewWorld</quote> or an " +"<quote>OldWorld</quote> model." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:676 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Hard disk installer booting from Linux using <command>LILO</command> or " +"<command>GRUB</command>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:678 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This section explains how to add to or even replace an existing linux " +"installation using either <command>LILO</command> or <command>GRUB</command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:684 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"At boot time, both bootloaders support loading in memory not only the " +"kernel, but also a disk image. This RAM disk can be used as the root file-" +"system by the kernel." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:690 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Copy the following files from the &debian; archives to a convenient location " +"on your hard drive (note that LILO can not boot from files on an NTFS file " +"system), for instance to <filename>/boot/newinstall/</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:698 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>vmlinuz</filename> (kernel binary)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:703 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (ramdisk image)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:710 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Finally, to configure the bootloader proceed to <xref linkend=\"boot-initrd" +"\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:720 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Hard disk installer booting from DOS using <command>loadlin</command>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:721 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"This section explains how to prepare your hard drive for booting the " +"installer from DOS using <command>loadlin</command>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:726 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Copy the following directories from a &debian; CD image to <filename>c:\\</" +"filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:731 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<filename>/&x86-install-dir;</filename> (kernel binary and ramdisk image)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:736 +#, no-c-format +msgid "<filename>/tools</filename> (loadlin tool)" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:848 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:849 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If your machine is connected to a local area network, you may be able to " +"boot it over the network from another machine, using TFTP. If you intend to " +"boot the installation system from another machine, the boot files will need " +"to be placed in specific locations on that machine, and the machine " +"configured to support booting of your specific machine." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:857 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You need to set up a TFTP server, and for many machines a DHCP server<phrase " +"condition=\"supports-rarp\">, or RARP server</phrase><phrase condition=" +"\"supports-bootp\">, or BOOTP server</phrase>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:864 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"<phrase condition=\"supports-rarp\">The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol " +"(RARP) is one way to tell your client what IP address to use for itself. " +"Another way is to use the BOOTP protocol.</phrase> <phrase condition=" +"\"supports-bootp\">BOOTP is an IP protocol that informs a computer of its IP " +"address and where on the network to obtain a boot image.</phrase> The DHCP " +"(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a more flexible, backwards-" +"compatible extension of BOOTP. Some systems can only be configured via DHCP." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:878 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For PowerPC, if you have a NewWorld Power Macintosh machine, it is a good " +"idea to use DHCP instead of BOOTP. Some of the latest machines are unable to " +"boot using BOOTP." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:884 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some older HPPA machines (e.g. 715/75) use RBOOTD rather than BOOTP. There " +"is an <classname>rbootd</classname> package available in &debian;." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:889 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used to serve the boot image to " +"the client. Theoretically, any server, on any platform, which implements " +"these protocols, may be used. In the examples in this section, we shall " +"provide commands for SunOS 4.x, SunOS 5.x (a.k.a. Solaris), and GNU/Linux." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:897 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For a &debian-gnu; server we recommend <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname>. " +"It's written by the same author as the <classname>syslinux</classname> " +"bootloader and is therefore least likely to cause issues. A good alternative " +"is <classname>atftpd</classname>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:913 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting up RARP server" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:914 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To set up RARP, you need to know the Ethernet address (a.k.a. the MAC " +"address) of the client computers to be installed. If you don't know this " +"information, you can <phrase arch=\"sparc\"> pick it off the initial " +"OpenPROM boot messages, use the OpenBoot <userinput>.enet-addr</userinput> " +"command, or </phrase> boot into <quote>Rescue</quote> mode and use the " +"command <userinput>ip addr show dev eth0</userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:926 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On a RARP server system using a Linux kernel or Solaris/SunOS, you use the " +"<command>rarpd</command> program. You need to ensure that the Ethernet " +"hardware address for the client is listed in the <quote>ethers</quote> " +"database (either in the <filename>/etc/ethers</filename> file, or via NIS/NIS" +"+) and in the <quote>hosts</quote> database. Then you need to start the RARP " +"daemon. Issue the command (as root): <userinput>/usr/sbin/rarpd -a</" +"userinput> on most Linux systems and SunOS 5 (Solaris 2), <userinput>/usr/" +"sbin/in.rarpd -a</userinput> on some other Linux systems, or <userinput>/usr/" +"etc/rarpd -a</userinput> in SunOS 4 (Solaris 1)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:947 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting up a DHCP server" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:948 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"One free software DHCP server is ISC <command>dhcpd</command>. For &debian-" +"gnu;, the <classname>isc-dhcp-server</classname> package is recommended. " +"Here is a sample configuration file for it (see <filename>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd." +"conf</filename>):" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: install-methods.xml:955 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" +"option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com;\n" +"option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;\n" +"default-lease-time 600;\n" +"max-lease-time 7200;\n" +"server-name \"servername\";\n" +"\n" +"subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" +" range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" +" option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"host clientname {\n" +" filename \"/tftpboot.img\";\n" +" server-name \"servername\";\n" +" next-server servername;\n" +" hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:AB;\n" +" fixed-address 192.168.1.90;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:957 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In this example, there is one server <replaceable>servername</replaceable> " +"which performs all of the work of DHCP server, TFTP server, and network " +"gateway. You will almost certainly need to change the domain-name options, " +"as well as the server name and client hardware address. The " +"<replaceable>filename</replaceable> option should be the name of the file " +"which will be retrieved via TFTP." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:967 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"After you have edited the <command>dhcpd</command> configuration file, " +"restart it with <userinput>/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart</userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:975 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:976 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Here is another example for a <filename>dhcp.conf</filename> using the Pre-" +"boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP. <informalexample><screen>\n" +"option domain-name \"example.com\";\n" +"\n" +"default-lease-time 600;\n" +"max-lease-time 7200;\n" +"\n" +"allow booting;\n" +"allow bootp;\n" +"\n" +"# The next paragraph needs to be modified to fit your case\n" +"subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" +" range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253;\n" +" option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;\n" +"# the gateway address which can be different\n" +"# (access to the internet for instance)\n" +" option routers 192.168.1.1;\n" +"# indicate the dns you want to use\n" +" option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.3;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"group {\n" +" next-server 192.168.1.3;\n" +" host tftpclient {\n" +"# tftp client hardware address\n" +" hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n" +" filename \"pxelinux.0\";\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Note that for PXE booting, the client filename " +"<filename>pxelinux.0</filename> is a boot loader, not a kernel image (see " +"<xref linkend=\"tftp-images\"/> below)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:986 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If your machine uses UEFI to boot, you will have to specify a boot loader " +"appropriate for UEFI machines, for example" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: screen +#: install-methods.xml:990 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"group {\n" +" next-server 192.168.1.3;\n" +" host tftpclient {\n" +"# tftp client hardware address\n" +" hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15;\n" +" filename \"debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi\";\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1003 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Setting up a BOOTP server" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1004 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"There are two BOOTP servers available for GNU/Linux. The first is CMU " +"<command>bootpd</command>. The other is actually a DHCP server: ISC " +"<command>dhcpd</command>. In &debian-gnu; these are contained in the " +"<classname>bootp</classname> and <classname>isc-dhcp-server</classname> " +"packages respectively." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1012 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To use CMU <command>bootpd</command>, you must first uncomment (or add) the " +"relevant line in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>. On &debian-gnu;, you " +"can run <userinput>update-inetd --enable bootps</userinput>, then " +"<userinput>/etc/init.d/inetd reload</userinput> to do so. Just in case your " +"BOOTP server does not run &debian;, the line in question should look like: " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -i -t 120\n" +"</screen></informalexample> Now, you must create an <filename>/etc/bootptab</" +"filename> file. This has the same sort of familiar and cryptic format as the " +"good old BSD <filename>printcap</filename>, <filename>termcap</filename>, " +"and <filename>disktab</filename> files. See the <filename>bootptab</" +"filename> manual page for more information. For CMU <command>bootpd</" +"command>, you will need to know the hardware (MAC) address of the client. " +"Here is an example <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>: " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"client:\\\n" +" hd=/tftpboot:\\\n" +" bf=tftpboot.img:\\\n" +" ip=192.168.1.90:\\\n" +" sm=255.255.255.0:\\\n" +" sa=192.168.1.1:\\\n" +" ha=0123456789AB:\n" +"</screen></informalexample> You will need to change at least the <quote>ha</" +"quote> option, which specifies the hardware address of the client. The " +"<quote>bf</quote> option specifies the file a client should retrieve via " +"TFTP; see <xref linkend=\"tftp-images\"/> for more details. <phrase arch=" +"\"mips\"> On SGI machines you can just enter the command monitor and type " +"<userinput>printenv</userinput>. The value of the <userinput>eaddr</" +"userinput> variable is the machine's MAC address. </phrase>" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1045 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"By contrast, setting up BOOTP with ISC <command>dhcpd</command> is really " +"easy, because it treats BOOTP clients as a moderately special case of DHCP " +"clients. Some architectures require a complex configuration for booting " +"clients via BOOTP. If yours is one of those, read the section <xref linkend=" +"\"dhcpd\"/>. Otherwise you will probably be able to get away with simply " +"adding the <userinput>allow bootp</userinput> directive to the configuration " +"block for the subnet containing the client in <filename>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd." +"conf</filename>, and restart <command>dhcpd</command> with <userinput>/etc/" +"init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart</userinput>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1064 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Enabling the TFTP Server" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1065 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"To get the TFTP server ready to go, you should first make sure that " +"<command>tftpd</command> is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1070 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"In the case of <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname> there are two ways the " +"service can be run. It can be started on demand by the system's " +"<classname>inetd</classname> daemon, or it can be set up to run as an " +"independent daemon. Which of these methods is used is selected when the " +"package is installed and can be changed by reconfiguring the package." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1079 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Historically, TFTP servers used <filename>/tftpboot</filename> as directory " +"to serve images from. However, &debian-gnu; packages may use other " +"directories to comply with the <ulink url=\"&url-fhs-home;\">Filesystem " +"Hierarchy Standard</ulink>. For example, <classname>tftpd-hpa</classname> by " +"default uses <filename>/srv/tftp</filename>. You may have to adjust the " +"configuration examples in this section accordingly." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1089 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"All <command>in.tftpd</command> alternatives available in &debian; should " +"log TFTP requests to the system logs by default. Some of them support a " +"<userinput>-v</userinput> argument to increase verbosity. It is recommended " +"to check these log messages in case of boot problems as they are a good " +"starting point for diagnosing the cause of errors." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1097 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you intend to install &debian; on an SGI machine and your TFTP server is " +"a GNU/Linux box running Linux 2.4, you'll need to set the following on your " +"server: <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_no_pmtu_disc\n" +"</screen></informalexample> to turn off Path MTU discovery, otherwise the " +"SGI's PROM can't download the kernel. Furthermore, make sure TFTP packets " +"are sent from a source port no greater than 32767, or the download will " +"stall after the first packet. Again, it's Linux 2.4.X tripping this bug in " +"the PROM, and you can avoid it by setting <informalexample><screen>\n" +"# echo \"2048 32767\" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range\n" +"</screen></informalexample> to adjust the range of source ports the Linux " +"TFTP server uses." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1119 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Move TFTP Images Into Place" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1120 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Next, place the TFTP boot image you need, as found in <xref linkend=\"where-" +"files\"/>, in the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. You may " +"have to make a link from that file to the file which <command>tftpd</" +"command> will use for booting a particular client. Unfortunately, the file " +"name is determined by the TFTP client, and there are no strong standards." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1129 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On NewWorld Power Macintosh machines, you will need to set up the " +"<command>yaboot</command> boot loader as the TFTP boot image. " +"<command>Yaboot</command> will then retrieve the kernel and RAMdisk images " +"via TFTP itself. You will need to download the following files from the " +"<filename>netboot/</filename> directory:" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: install-methods.xml:1140 +#, no-c-format +msgid "vmlinux" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: install-methods.xml:1145 +#, no-c-format +msgid "initrd.gz" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: install-methods.xml:1150 +#, no-c-format +msgid "yaboot" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: install-methods.xml:1155 +#, no-c-format +msgid "yaboot.conf" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: filename +#: install-methods.xml:1160 +#, no-c-format +msgid "boot.msg" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1165 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the " +"<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this " +"tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure " +"your dhcp server is configured to pass <filename>pxelinux.0</filename> to " +"<command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot. For UEFI machines, you " +"will need to pass an appropriate EFI boot image name (such as <filename>/" +"debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi</filename>)." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1175 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the " +"<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this " +"tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure " +"your dhcp server is configured to pass <filename>/debian-installer/ia64/" +"elilo.efi</filename> to <command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1187 +#, no-c-format +msgid "SPARC TFTP Booting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1188 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Some SPARC architectures add the subarchitecture names, such as " +"<quote>SUN4M</quote> or <quote>SUN4C</quote>, to the filename. Thus, if your " +"system's subarchitecture is a SUN4C, and its IP is 192.168.1.3, the filename " +"would be <filename>C0A80103.SUN4C</filename>. However, there are also " +"subarchitectures where the file the client looks for is just " +"<filename>client-ip-in-hex</filename>. An easy way to determine the " +"hexadecimal code for the IP address is to enter the following command in a " +"shell (assuming the machine's intended IP is 10.0.0.4). " +"<informalexample><screen>\n" +"$ printf '%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\\n' 10 0 0 4\n" +"</screen></informalexample> To get to the correct filename, you will need to " +"change all letters to uppercase and if necessary append the subarchitecture " +"name." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1204 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"If you've done all this correctly, giving the command <userinput>boot net</" +"userinput> from the OpenPROM should load the image. If the image cannot be " +"found, try checking the logs on your tftp server to see which image name is " +"being requested." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1211 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"You can also force some sparc systems to look for a specific file name by " +"adding it to the end of the OpenPROM boot command, such as <userinput>boot " +"net my-sparc.image</userinput>. This must still reside in the directory that " +"the TFTP server looks in." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1222 +#, no-c-format +msgid "SGI TFTP Booting" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1223 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"On SGI machines you can rely on the <command>bootpd</command> to supply the " +"name of the TFTP file. It is given either as the <userinput>bf=</userinput> " +"in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or as the <userinput>filename=</" +"userinput> option in <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1331 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Automatic Installation" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1332 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully automatic " +"installations. &debian; packages intended for this include <classname>fai-" +"quickstart</classname> (which can use an install server) and the &debian; " +"Installer itself. Have a look at the <ulink url=\"http://fai-project.org" +"\">FAI home page</ulink> for detailed information." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: title +#: install-methods.xml:1344 +#, no-c-format +msgid "Automatic Installation Using the &debian; Installer" +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1345 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"The &debian; Installer supports automating installs via preconfiguration " +"files. A preconfiguration file can be loaded from the network or from " +"removable media, and used to fill in answers to questions asked during the " +"installation process." +msgstr "" + +#. Tag: para +#: install-methods.xml:1352 +#, no-c-format +msgid "" +"Full documentation on preseeding including a working example that you can " +"edit is in <xref linkend=\"appendix-preseed\"/>." +msgstr "" |