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Diffstat (limited to 'it/appendix')
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/chroot-install.xml | 681 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml | 372 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml | 366 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/example-preseed.xml | 66 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/files.xml | 528 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/gpl.xml | 1104 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/plip.xml | 318 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | it/appendix/random-bits.xml | 13 |
8 files changed, 3448 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/it/appendix/chroot-install.xml b/it/appendix/chroot-install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e94c1675d --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/chroot-install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,681 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 31190 --> + + + <sect1 id="linux-upgrade"> + <!-- <title>Installing &debian; from a Unix/Linux System</title> --> + <title>Installazione di &debian; da un sistema Unix/Linux esistente</title> + +<para> + +<!-- This section explains how to install &debian; from an existing +Unix or Linux system, without using the menu-driven installer as +explained in the rest of the manual. This <quote>cross-install</quote> +HOWTO has been requested by users switching to &debian; from +Red Hat, Mandrake, and SUSE. In this section some familiarity with +entering *nix commands and navigating the file system is assumed. In +this section, <prompt>$</prompt> symbolizes a command to be entered in +the user's current system, while <prompt>#</prompt> refers to a +command entered in the Debian chroot. --> + +Questa sezione spiega come installare &debian; a partire da un sistema +Unix o Linux esistente, senza utilizzare l'installatore a menu +come illustrato nel resto del manuale. Questo HOWTO sul +<quote>cross-install</quote> è stato richiesto da utenti di altre distribuzioni, +Red Hat, Mandrake e SUSE, che vogliono passare a &debian;. Viene data per +acquisita una minima familiarità con i comandi *nix e con la navigazione +del file system. In questa sezione, <prompt>$</prompt> indica un comando +da inserire nel sistema attualmente in uso all'utente, mentre +<prompt>#</prompt> si riferisce a un comando da inserire nell'ambiente +chroot di Debian. + +</para><para> + +<!-- Once you've got the new Debian system configured to your preference, +you can migrate your existing user data (if any) to it, and keep on +rolling. This is therefore a <quote>zero downtime</quote> &debian; +install. It's also a clever way for dealing with hardware that +otherwise doesn't play friendly with various boot or installation +media. --> + +Una volta che il nuovo sistema Debian sia stato configurato a +piacimento, si può procedere alla migrazione dei dati esistenti e +proseguire normalmente. Si tratta perciò di un'installazione che non +blocca nemmeno momentaneamente l'uso del sistema. Si tratta inoltre di +un modo ingegnoso per lavorare con hardware che potrebbe creare problemi +con i normali dispositivi di avvio o installazione. +</para> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Getting Started</title> --> + <title>Primi passi</title> +<para> + +<!-- With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard +drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You +need at least 150MB of space available for a console only install, +or at least 300MB if you plan to install X. --> + +Si ripartizioni secondo le proprie necessità il disco fisso con i tool +di partizionamento *nix disponibili. Come minimo servono un file system +e una partizione di swap, 150MB di spazio minimo per un ambiente +puramente testuale, 300MB se si intende installare X. + +</para><para> + +<!-- To create file systems on your partitions. For example, to create +an ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's +our example root partition): --> + +Un esempio di come creare i file system sulle proprie partizioni. In +questo caso si tratta di un file system ext3 sulla partizione +<filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (negli esempi successivi si tratta della +partizione root): + +<informalexample><screen> +# mke2fs -j /dev/hda6 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- To create an ext2 file system instead, omit +<userinput>-j</userinput>. --> + +Per creare un file system ext2, basta omettere +<userinput>-j</userinput>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for +your intended Debian swap partition): --> + +Si inizializzi e attivi lo swap (si sostituisca il numero della +partizione con quello della partizione destinata allo swap per Debian): + +<informalexample><screen> +# mkswap /dev/hda5 +# sync; sync; sync +# swapon /dev/hda5 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the +installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem +on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is +referenced later below. --> + +Si monti una partizione come <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (il punto +di installazione, che sarà il root file system (<filename>/</filename>) +del nuovo sistema). Il nome del mount point è arbitrario, quello scelto +verrà utilizzato da qui in avanti. + +<informalexample><screen> +# mkdir /mnt/debinst +# mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/debinst +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><note><para> + +<!-- +If you want to have parts of the filesystem (e.g. /usr) mounted on +separate partitions, you will need to create and mount these directories +manually before proceding with the next stage. +--> + +Nel caso si abbiano delle parti del filesystem (p.e. /usr) montate da +delle partizioni separate è necessario creare e montare manualmente queste +directory prima di procedere con la prossima fase. + +</para></note> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Install <command>debootstrap</command></title> --> + <title>Installazione di <command>debootstrap</command></title> +<para> + +<!-- The tool that the Debian installer uses, which is recognized as the +official way to install a Debian base system, is +<command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and +<command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on +<classname>/bin/sh</classname>. Install <command>wget</command> and +<command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system, +then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>. --> + +Lo strumento che l'installatore Debian usa, considerato il mezzo ufficiale +per installare un sistema Debian di base, è <command>debootstrap</command>. +Utilizza <command>wget</command> e <command>ar</command>, ma a parte questo +dipende solo da <classname>/bin/sh</classname>. Si installi +<command>wget</command> e <command>ar</command> in caso non siano già +presenti sul sistema in uso, quindi si scarichi e installi +<command>debootstrap</command>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- If you have an rpm-based system, you can use alien to convert the +.deb into .rpm, or download an rpm-ized version at +<ulink +url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink> --> + +Su un sistema basato su rpm, si può utilizzare alien per convertire il +pacchetto .deb in .rpm, o si può scaricarne una versione rpm presso +<ulink +url="http://people.debian.org/~blade/install/debootstrap"></ulink> + +</para><para> + +<!-- Or, you can use the following procedure to install it +manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: --> + +Un'ulteriore possibilità è fare come segue per installarlo a mano. +Si crei una cartella di lavoro in cui estrarre il .deb: + +<informalexample><screen> +# mkdir work +# cd work +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian +archive (be sure to select the proper file for your +architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from +the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/"> +pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the +binary files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install +the binaries. --> + +Il binario di <command>debootstrap</command> si trova nell'archivio +Debian (si faccia attenzione a scegliere il file secondo la propria +architettura). Si scarichi il pacchetto .deb di +<command>debootstrap</command> da <ulink +url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/">pool</ulink>, +lo si copi nella cartella di lavoro e si estraggano da esso i file +binari. Servono i privilegi di root per installarli. + +<informalexample><screen> +# ar -xf debootstrap_0.X.X_arch.deb +# cd / +# zcat < /full-path-to-work/work/data.tar.gz | tar xv +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +<!-- +Note that running <command>debootstrap</command> may require you to have +a minimal version of <classname>glibc</classname> installed (currently +GLIBC_2.3). <command>debootstrap</command> itself is a shell script, but +it calls various utilities that require <classname>glibc</classname>. +--> + +Notare che l'esecuzione di <command>debootstrap</command> potrebbe +richiedere l'installazione di una versione minimale della +<classname>glibc</classname> (al momento GLIBC_2.3). +<command>debootstrap</command> è semplicemente uno script di shell ma +richiama diverse utilità che richiedono la <classname>glibc</classname>. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Run <command>debootstrap</command></title> --> + <title>Esecuzione di <command>debootstrap</command></title> +<para> + +<!-- <command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly +from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian +archive mirror for <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput> in +the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you +network-wise. Mirrors are listed at +<ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>. --> + +Quando viene lanciato, <command>debootstrap</command> è in grado +di scaricare i file necessari direttamente dall'archivio. Si può +sostituire a <userinput>http.us.debian.org/debian</userinput>, +utilizzato nell'esempio sottostante, un qualsiasi archivio mirror di +Debian, meglio se prossimo in rete. Un elenco dei mirror è reperibile +presso: <ulink +url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- If you have a &releasename; &debian; CD mounted at +<filename>/cdrom</filename>, you could substitute a file URL instead +of the http URL: <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput> --> + +In caso si abbia un CD &debian; &releasename; montato su +<filename>/cdrom</filename>, si può sostituire all'URL http +l'URL <userinput>file:/cdrom/debian/</userinput>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> +in the <command>debootstrap</command> command: + +<userinput>alpha</userinput>, +<userinput>arm</userinput>, +<userinput>hppa</userinput>, +<userinput>i386</userinput>, +<userinput>ia64</userinput>, +<userinput>m68k</userinput>, +<userinput>mips</userinput>, +<userinput>mipsel</userinput>, +<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, +<userinput>s390</userinput>, or +<userinput>sparc</userinput>. --> + +Al posto di <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable>, nel comando +<command>debootstrap</command> si sostituisca uno dei seguenti: + +<userinput>alpha</userinput>, +<userinput>arm</userinput>, +<userinput>hppa</userinput>, +<userinput>i386</userinput>, +<userinput>ia64</userinput>, +<userinput>m68k</userinput>, +<userinput>mips</userinput>, +<userinput>mipsel</userinput>, +<userinput>powerpc</userinput>, +<userinput>s390</userinput> o +<userinput>sparc</userinput>. + +<informalexample><screen> +# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch ARCH sarge \ + /mnt/debinst http://http.us.debian.org/debian +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Configure The Base System</title> --> + <title>Configurazione del sistema di base</title> +<para> + +<!-- Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. +<command>Chroot</command> into it: --> + +Ora sul disco c'è un vero sistema Debian, seppur minimale. Ci si faccia +<command>chroot</command>: + +<informalexample><screen> +# LANG= chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + + <sect3> + <!--<title>Mount Partitions</title> --> + <title>Montare le partizioni</title> +<para> + +<!-- You need to create <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. --> + +Bisogna creare <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. + +<informalexample><screen> +# editor /etc/fstab +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Here is a sample you can modify to suit: --> + +Segue un esempio che si può adattare secondo le proprie necessità : + +<informalexample><screen> +# /etc/fstab: static file system information. +# +# file system mount point type options dump pass +/dev/XXX / ext3 defaults 0 1 +/dev/XXX /boot ext3 ro,nosuid,nodev 0 2 + +/dev/XXX none swap sw 0 0 +proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 + +/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,rw,sync,user,exec 0 0 +/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user,exec 0 0 + +/dev/XXX /tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /var ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /usr ext3 rw,nodev 0 2 +/dev/XXX /home ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 2 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Use <userinput>mount -a</userinput> to mount all the file systems you +have specified in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or to mount +file systems individually use: --> + +Per montare tutti i file system specificati nel proprio +<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, si esegua <userinput>mount -a</userinput>, +mentre per montarli singolarmente si usi: + +<informalexample><screen> +# mount /path # ad esempio: mount /usr +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- You can mount the proc file system multiple times and to arbitrary +locations, though <filename>/proc</filename> is customary. If you didn't use +<userinput>mount -a</userinput>, be sure to mount proc before continuing: +--> + +È possibile montare il file system proc più volte e in posizioni +arbitrarie, ma è consuetudine farlo su <filename>/proc</filename>. In caso +non si esegua <userinput>mount -a</userinput>, ci si assicuri di montare +proc prima di continuare: + +<informalexample><screen> +# mount -t proc proc /proc +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +<!-- +The command <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> should now show a non-empty +directory. Should this fail, you may be able to mount proc from outside +the chroot: +--> + +Adesso il comando <userinput>ls /proc</userinput> dovrebbe mostrare una +directory con dei file. Se non funziona, si dovrebbe essere in grado di +montare proc da fuori della chroot: + +<informalexample><screen> +# mount -t proc proc /mnt/debinst/proc +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <!-- <title>Configure Keyboard</title> --> + <title>Configurazione della tastiera</title> +<para> + +<!-- To configure your keyboard: --> + +Per configurare la propria tastiera: + +<informalexample><screen> +# dpkg-reconfigure console-data +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para> + +<!-- +Note that the keyboard cannot be set while in the chroot, but will be +configured for the next reboot. +--> + +Notare che la tastiera non può essere impostata quando si è all'interno +della chroot, sarà possibile configurarla al riavvio successivo. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <!-- <title>Configure Networking</title> --> + <title>Configurazione della rete</title> +<para> + +<!-- To configure networking, edit +<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and +<filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. --> + +Per configurare la rete, si editino +<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>, +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> e <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. + +<informalexample><screen> +# editor /etc/network/interfaces +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Here are some simple examples from +<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: --> + +Alcuni esempi banali da +<filename>/usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +###################################################################### +# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) +# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are +# available. +###################################################################### + +# We always want the loopback interface. +# +auto lo +iface lo inet loopback + +# To use dhcp: +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet dhcp + +# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional) +# +# auto eth0 +# iface eth0 inet static +# address 192.168.0.42 +# network 192.168.0.0 +# netmask 255.255.255.0 +# broadcast 192.168.0.255 +# gateway 192.168.0.1 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Enter your nameserver(s) and search directives in +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: --> + +Gli indirizzi dei name server e le direttive search vanno immesse in +<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +# editor /etc/resolv.conf +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- A simple <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: --> + +Un semplice <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +search hqdom.local\000 +nameserver 10.1.1.36 +nameserver 192.168.9.100 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Enter your system's host name (2 to 63 characters): --> + +Si immetta l'hostname del proprio sistema (da 2 a 63 caratteri): + +<informalexample><screen> +# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- If you have multiple network cards, you should arrange the names of +driver modules in the <filename>/etc/modules</filename> file into the +desired order. Then during boot, each card will be associated with the +interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.) that you expect. --> + +In presenza di più schede di rete, si dovrebbero disporre i nomi dei driver +nel file <filename>/etc/modules</filename> nell'ordine desiderato. In tal +modo, durante l'avvio ad ogni scheda verrà associato il nome di interfaccia +che ci si aspetta (eth0, eth1, etc.). + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <!-- <title>Configure Timezone, Users, and APT</title> --> + <title>Configurazione del fuso orario, degli utenti e di APT</title> +<para> + +<!-- Set your timezone, add a normal user, and choose your +<command>apt</command> +sources by running --> + +Ora si può impostare il fuso orario, aggiungere un utente normale e +scegliere le +sorgenti <command>apt</command> con il comando + +<informalexample><screen> +# /usr/sbin/base-config new +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <!-- <title>Configure Locales</title> --> + <title>Configurazione di locales</title> +<para> + +<!-- To configure your locale settings to use a language other than +English, install the locales support package and configure it: --> + +Per utilizzare una localizzazione diversa da quella inglese, si installi +il pacchetto locales e lo si configuri. + +<informalexample><screen> +# apt-get install locales +# dpkg-reconfigure locales +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- NOTE: Apt must be configured before, ie. during the base-config phase. +Before using locales with character sets other than ASCII or latin1, +please consult the appropriate localization HOWTO. --> + +NOTA: Apt dev'essere già stato configurato, ad esempio durante la fase +base-config. Prima di utilizzare locales con set di caratteri diversi da +ASCII o latin1, si consulti l'HOWTO di localizzazione appropriato. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Install a Kernel</title> --> + <title>Installazione di un kernel</title> +<para> + +<!-- If you intend to boot this system, you probably want a Linux kernel +and a boot loader. Identify available pre-packaged kernels with --> + +In caso si intenda fare il boot nel nuovo sistema, servono un kernel +Linux e +un boot loader. I kernel pacchettizzati disponibili si trovano con + +<informalexample><screen> +# apt-cache search kernel-image +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Then install your choice using its package name. --> + +Si può quindi installare quello scelto usando il nome del pacchetto + +<informalexample><screen> +# apt-get install kernel-image-<replaceable>2.X.X-arch-etc</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Set up the Boot Loader</title> --> + <title>Configurazione del boot loader</title> +<para> + +<!-- To make your &debian; system bootable, set up your boot loader to load +the installed kernel with your new root partition. Note that debootstrap +does not install a boot loader, though you can use apt-get inside your +Debian chroot to do so. --> + +Per rendere avviabile il sistema &debian;, si configuri il boot loader +affinché carichi il kernel installato con la nuova partizione di root. Si +noti che debootstrap non installa di suo un boot loader, lo si può fare +tramite apt-get dall'interno della chroot Debian. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +<!-- Check <userinput>info grub</userinput> or <userinput>man +lilo.conf</userinput> for instructions on setting up the +bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to install Debian, just +add an entry for the Debian install to your existing grub +<filename>menu.lst</filename> or <filename>lilo.conf</filename>. For +<filename>lilo.conf</filename>, you could also copy it to the new system and +edit it there. After you are done editing, call lilo (remember it will use +<filename>lilo.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it from). --> + +Si provi <userinput>info grub</userinput> o <userinput>man +lilo.conf</userinput> +per ottenere istruzioni sulla configurazione del boot loader. Nel caso +si desideri +mantenere attivo il sistema da cui si è installato Debian, è sufficiente +aggiungere +una voce per Debian al file di grub (<filename>menu.lst</filename>) o di +lilo +(<filename>lilo.conf</filename>) esistente. Se si tratta di +<filename>lilo.conf</filename>, è anche possibile copiarlo sul nuovo +sistema e lì +modificarlo opportunamente. Dopo averlo fatto, si invochi lilo +(ricordandosi che +usa il <filename>lilo.conf</filename> relativo al sistema su cui viene +lanciato). + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +<!-- Here is a basic <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> as an example: --> + +Di seguito un <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> di base come esempio: + +<informalexample><screen> +boot=/dev/hda6 +root=/dev/hda6 +install=menu +delay=20 +lba32 +image=/vmlinuz +label=Debian +</screen></informalexample> + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- Check <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> for instructions on +setting up the bootloader. If you are keeping the system you used to +install Debian, just add an entry for the Debian install to your +existing <filename>yaboot.conf</filename>. You could also copy it to +the new system and +edit it there. After you are done editing, call ybin (remember it will +use <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relative to the system you call it +from). --> + +Si provi <userinput>man yaboot.conf</userinput> per ottenere istruzioni +sulla configurazione del boot loader. Nel caso si intenda mantenere +attivo il sistema da cui si è installato Debian, è sufficiente +aggiungere una voce per Debian al file <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> +esistente. È anche possibile copiarlo sul nuovo sistema e lì +modificarlo opportunamente. Dopo averlo fatto, si invochi ybin +(ricordandosi che usa il <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> relativo al +sistema su cui viene lanciato). + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- Here is a basic <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> as an +example: --> + +Di seguito un <filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> di base come esempio: + +<informalexample><screen> +boot=/dev/hda2 +device=hd: +partition=6 +root=/dev/hda6 +magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot +timeout=50 +image=/vmlinux +label=Debian +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- On some machines, you may need to use <userinput>ide0:</userinput> +instead of <userinput>hd:</userinput>. --> + +Su alcune macchine potrebbe essere necessario usare +<userinput>ide0:</userinput> al posto di <userinput>hd:</userinput>. + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79d3e143f --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/example-preseed-etch.xml @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 30373 untranslated --> + +<informalexample condition="etch"><screen> +#### Startup. + +# To use a preseed file, you'll first need to boot the installer, +# and tell it what preseed file to use. This is done by passing the +# kernel a boot parameter, either manually at boot or by editing the +# syslinux.cfg (or similar) file and adding the parameter to the end +# of the append line(s) for the kernel. +# +# If you're netbooting, use this: +# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed +# If you're remastering a CD, you could use this: +# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed +# If you're installing from USB media, use this, and put the preseed file +# in the toplevel directory of the USB stick. +# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed +# +# If you feel comfortable modifying the installer's initrd image, +# you can also place a preseed file in the root directory of the initrd's +# filesystem, named "preseed.cfg" -- the installer will always use this +# file if it is present. Otherwise, be sure to copy this file to the location +# you specify. +# +# To make sure the installer gets the right preseed file, you can specify +# a checksum for the file. Currently this needs to be a md5sum, and if +# specified it must match the file or the installer will refuse to use the +# file. +# preseed/url/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d +# preseed/file/checksum=5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d +# +# Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using +# some forms of preseeding, because the questions are asked before +# the preseed file is loaded. For example, if the preseed file is +# downloaded over the network, the network setup must be done first. +# One reason to use initrd preseeding is that it allows preseeding +# of even these early steps of the installation process. +# +# If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can +# still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel +# on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value for any of the preseed +# variables listed below. +# +# While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in +# there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some. +# And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit +# enter to boot the installer. +# +# Note that the 2.4 kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and +# 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the +# installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any +# excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. With kernel 2.6.9 or newer, +# you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. +# +# Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' may be safely removed +# for most installations, which may allow you to add more options for +# preseeding. + +# To select your language and country, use this setting, but remember +# that this will only work for initrd based preseeding, for other forms of +# preseeding you must convert it into a kernel parameter, +# such as debian-installer/locale=en_US +d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US + +# To select your keyboard, use this setting. Again it will need to be +# passed as a kernel parameter for most preseed setups. +d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us + +#### Network configuration. + +# Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the +# network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can +# also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are +# loading preseed files from the network. + +# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it +# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto + +# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for +# it, this might be useful. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 + +# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true +#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 +#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 +#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true + +# Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take +# precedence over values set here. However, setting the values still +# prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp. +d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname +d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain + +# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish + +#### Mirror settings. + +d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org +d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian +d-i mirror/http/proxy string + +# What suite of Debian to install. +#d-i mirror/suite string testing +# What suite of Debian to use for loading installer components. +# (Defaults to same as mirror/suite.) +#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing + +#### Partitioning. + +# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ +# select Use the largest continuous free space + +# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can +# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. +# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc + +# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe \ + select All files in one partition (recommended for new users) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation + +# Or provide a recipe of your own... +# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can +# just point at it. +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe + +# If not, you can put an entire recipe the preseed file in one (logical) +# line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and +# uses the rest of the space for the root partition: +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ +# boot-root :: \ +# 40 50 100 ext3 \ +# $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ /boot } \ +# . \ +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ +# method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ +# mountpoint{ / } \ +# . \ +# 64 512 300% linux-swap \ +# method{ swap } format{ } \ +# . + +# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true +d-i partman/choose_partition \ + select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +d-i partman/confirm boolean true + +#### Boot loader installation. + +# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed +# instead, uncomment this: +#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true + +# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR +# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true + +# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS +# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true + +# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, +# uncomment and edit these lines: +#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) +#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false +#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false + +#### Finishing up the first stage install. + +# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note + +# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot, +# which is useful in some situations. +#d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false + +#### Shell commands. + +# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks +# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a +# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted +# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's +# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, +# automatically. + +# This first command is run as early as possible, just after +# preseeding is read. +#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb + +# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is +# still a usable /target directory. +#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar + +# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom + +# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: +# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to +# tweak the configuration of the system. +#base-config base-config/late_command \ +# string apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh + +###### Preseeding the 2nd stage of the installation. + +#### Preseeding base-config. + +# Avoid the introductory message. +base-config base-config/intro note + +# Avoid the final message. +base-config base-config/login note + +# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately +# after base-config finishes. +#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false + +# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. +# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project +# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. +#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false + +#### Clock and time zone setup. + +# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. +d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true + +# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of +# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for options. +d-i time/zone string US/Eastern + +#### Account setup. + +# To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this +# file. That is not a very good idea, use caution! +#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme +#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme + +# If you want to skip creation of a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false + +# Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login. +#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User +#passwd passwd/username string debian +# And their password, but use caution! +#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure +#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure + +#### Apt setup. + +# This question controls what source the second stage installation uses +# for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list +# by hand +base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http + +# If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror. +base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually +base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org +base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian +# Stop after choosing one mirror. +base-config apt-setup/another boolean false + +# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +#base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true +#base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true + +# Do enable security updates. +base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true + +#### Package selection. + +# You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. +# Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment, +# Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server, +# SQL database, Laptop, Standard system, manual package selection. The +# last of those will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no +# tasks, and force the installation of a set of packages in some other +# way. We recommend always including the Standard system task. +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment, Standard system +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Standard system + +#### Mailer configuration. + +# During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to +# avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. +exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ + select no configuration at this time +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true + +# It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to +# create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to +# /var/mail/mail. +exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string + +#### X Configuration. + +# Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know +# some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X +# configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. + +# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, +# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa + +# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it +# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of +# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true + +# Monitor autodetection is recommended. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +# Uncomment if you have an LCD display. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed +# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not +# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ + select medium +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ + select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz + +#### Everything else. + +# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong +# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may +# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every +# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an +# installation, and then run these commands: +# debconf-get-selections --installer > file +# debconf-get-selections >> file + +# If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one. +# Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this +# file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be +# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their +# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from +# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg + +# The installer can optionally verify checksums of preseed files before +# using them. Currently only md5sums are supported, list the md5sums +# in the same order as the list of files to include. +#d-i preseed/include/checksum string 5da499872becccfeda2c4872f9171c3d + +# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of +# preseed files, includes those files. +#d-i preseed/include_command \ +# string echo if [ "`hostname`" = bob ]; then echo bob.cfg; fi + +# To check the format of your preseed file before performing an install, +# you can use debconf-set-selections: +# debconf-set-selections -c preseed.cfg +</screen></informalexample> diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d79dda57 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/example-preseed-sarge.xml @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 30372 untranslated --> + +<informalexample condition="sarge"><screen> +#### Startup. + +# To use a preseed file, you'll first need to boot the installer, +# and tell it what preseed file to use. This is done by passing the +# kernel a boot parameter, either manually at boot or by editing the +# syslinux.cfg (or similar) file and adding the parameter to the end +# of the append line(s) for the kernel. +# +# If you're netbooting, use this: +# preseed/url=http://host/path/to/preseed +# If you're remastering a CD, you could use this: +# preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed +# If you're installing from USB media, use this, and put the preseed file +# in the toplevel directory of the USB stick. +# preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed +# Be sure to copy this file to the location you specify. +# +# Some parts of the installation process cannot be automated using +# some forms of preseeding, because the questions are asked before +# the preseed file is loaded. For example, if the preseed file is +# downloaded over the network, the network setup must be done first. +# One reason to use initrd preseeding is that it allows preseeding +# of even these early steps of the installation process. +# +# If a preseed file cannot be used to preseed some steps, the install can +# still be fully automated, since you can pass preseed values to the kernel +# on the command line. Just pass path/to/var=value for any of the preseed +# variables listed below. +# +# While you're at it, you may want to throw a debconf/priority=critical in +# there, to avoid most questions even if the preseeding below misses some. +# And you might set the timeout to 1 in syslinux.cfg to avoid needing to hit +# enter to boot the installer. +# +# Note that the kernel accepts a maximum of 8 command line options and +# 8 environment options (including any options added by default for the +# installer). If these numbers are exceeded, 2.4 kernels will drop any +# excess options and 2.6 kernels will panic. With kernel 2.6.9 or newer, +# you can use 32 command line options and 32 environment options. +# +# Some of the default options, like 'vga=normal' may be safely removed +# for most installations, which may allow you to add more options for +# preseeding. + +# It is not possible to use preseeding to set language, country, and +# keyboard. Instead you should use kernel parameters. Example: +# languagechooser/language-name=English +# countrychooser/shortlist=US +# console-keymaps-at/keymap=us + +#### Network configuration. + +# Of course, this won't work if you're loading your preseed file from the +# network! But it's great if you're booting from CD or USB stick. You can +# also pass network config parameters in on the kernel params if you are +# loading preseed files from the network. + +# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it +# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface. +d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto + +# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for +# it, this might be useful. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60 + +# If you prefer to configure the network manually, here's how: +#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true +#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42 +#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0 +#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1 +#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true + +# Note that any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take +# precedence over values set here. However, setting the values still +# prevents the questions from being shown even if values come from dhcp. +d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname +d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain + +# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog. +d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string +# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts. +#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish + +#### Mirror settings. + +d-i mirror/country string enter information manually +d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org +d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian +d-i mirror/suite string testing +d-i mirror/http/proxy string + +#### Partitioning. + +# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space. +#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition \ +# select Use the largest continuous free space + +# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name can +# be given in either devfs or traditional non-devfs format. +# For example, to use the first disk devfs knows of: +d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/discs/disc0/disc + +# You can choose from any of the predefined partitioning recipes: +d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select \ + All files in one partition (recommended for new users) +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Desktop machine +#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select Multi-user workstation + +# Or provide a recipe of your own... +# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt. +# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can +# just point at it. +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe + +# If not, you can put an entire recipe in one line. This example creates +# a small /boot partition, suitable swap, and uses the rest of the space +# for the root partition: +#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string boot-root :: \ +# 20 50 100 ext3 $primary{ } $bootable{ } method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ /boot } . \ +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 method{ format } format{ } \ +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } mountpoint{ / } . \ +# 64 512 300% linux-swap method{ swap } format{ } . +# For reference, here is that same recipe in a more readable form: +# boot-root :: +# 40 50 100 ext3 +# $primary{ } $bootable{ } +# method{ format } format{ } +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } +# mountpoint{ /boot } +# . +# 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 +# method{ format } format{ } +# use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } +# mountpoint{ / } +# . +# 64 512 300% linux-swap +# method{ swap } format{ } +# . + +# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation. +d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true +d-i partman/choose_partition select \ + Finish partitioning and write changes to disk +d-i partman/confirm boolean true + +#### Boot loader installation. + +# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed +# instead, uncomment this: +#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true + +# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR +# if no other operating system is detected on the machine. +d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true + +# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if if finds some other OS +# too, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS. +d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true + +# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr, +# uncomment and edit these lines: +#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) +#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false +#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false + +#### Finishing up the first stage install. + +# Avoid that last message about the install being complete. +d-i prebaseconfig/reboot_in_progress note + +#### Shell commands. + +# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks +# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a +# preseed file like this one. Only use preseed files from trusted +# locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful, here's +# a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer, +# automatically. + +# This first command is run as early as possible, just after +# preseeding is read. +#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb + +# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is +# still a usable /target directory. +#d-i preseed/late_command string echo foo > /target/etc/bar + +# This command is run just as base-config is starting up. +#base-config base-config/early_command string echo hi mom + +# This command is run after base-config is done, just before the login: +# prompt. This is a good way to install a set of packages you want, or to +# tweak the configuration of the system. +#base-config base-config/late_command string \ +# apt-get install zsh; chsh -s /bin/zsh + +###### Preseeding the 2nd stage of the installation. + +#### Preseeding base-config. + +# Avoid the introductory message. +base-config base-config/intro note + +# Avoid the final message. +base-config base-config/login note + +# If you installed a display manager, but don't want to start it immediately +# after base-config finishes. +#base-config base-config/start-display-manager boolean false + +# Some versions of the installer can report back on what you've installed. +# The default is not to report back, but sending reports helps the project +# determine what software is most popular and include it on CDs. +#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false + +#### Clock and time zone setup. + +# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC. +#base-config tzconfig/gmt boolean true +# If you told the installer that you're in the United States, then you +# can set the time zone using this variable. +# (Choices are: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii, +# Aleutian, Arizona East-Indiana, Indiana-Starke, Michigan, Samoa, other) +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/US select Eastern +# If you told it you're in Canada. +# (Choices are: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central, +# East-Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Mountain, Pacific, Yukon, other) +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/CA select Eastern +# If you told it you're in Brazil. (Choices are: East, West, Acre, +# DeNoronha, other) +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone/BR select East +# Many countries have only one time zone. If you told the installer you're +# in one of those countries, you can choose its standard time zone via this +# question. +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_single boolean true +# This question is asked as a fallback for countries other than those +# listed above, which have more than one time zone. You can preseed one of +# the time zones, or "other". +#base-config tzconfig/choose_country_zone_multiple select + +#### Account setup. + +# To preseed the root password, you have to put it in the clear in this +# file. That is not a very good idea, use caution! +#passwd passwd/root-password password r00tme +#passwd passwd/root-password-again password r00tme + +# If you want to skip creation of a normal user account. +#passwd passwd/make-user boolean false + +# Alternatively, you can preseed the user's name and login. +#passwd passwd/user-fullname string Debian User +#passwd passwd/username string debian +# And their password, but use caution! +#passwd passwd/user-password password insecure +#passwd passwd/user-password-again password insecure + +#### Apt setup. + +# This question controls what source the second stage installation uses +# for packages. Choices are cdrom, http, ftp, filesystem, edit sources list +# by hand +base-config apt-setup/uri_type select http + +# If you choose ftp or http, you'll be asked for a country and a mirror. +base-config apt-setup/country select enter information manually +base-config apt-setup/hostname string http.us.debian.org +base-config apt-setup/directory string /debian +# Stop after choosing one mirror. +base-config apt-setup/another boolean false + +# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software. +#base-config apt-setup/non-free boolean true +#base-config apt-setup/contrib boolean true + +# Do enable security updates. +base-config apt-setup/security-updates boolean true + +#### Package selection. + +# You can choose to install any combination of tasks that are available. +# Available tasks as of this writing include: Desktop environment, +# Web server, Print server, DNS server, File server, Mail server, +# SQL database, Laptop, Standard system, manual package selection. The +# last of those will run aptitude. You can also choose to install no +# tasks, and force the installation of a set of packages in some other +# way. We recommend always including the Standard system task. +tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Desktop environment, Standard system +#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Web server, Standard system + +#### Mailer configuration. + +# During a normal install, exim asks only a few questions. Here's how to +# avoid even those. More complicated preseeding is possible. +exim4-config exim4/dc_eximconfig_configtype \ + select no configuration at this time +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true +exim4-config exim4/no_config boolean true + +# It's a good idea to set this to whatever user account you choose to +# create. Leaving the value blank results in postmaster mail going to +# /var/mail/mail. +exim4-config exim4/dc_postmaster string + +#### X Configuration. + +# Preseeding Debian's X config is possible, but you probably need to know +# some details about the video hardware of the machine, since Debian's X +# configurator does not do fully automatic configuration of everything. + +# X can detect the right driver for some cards, but if you're preseeding, +# you override whatever it chooses. Still, vesa will work most places. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/device/driver select vesa + +# A caveat with mouse autodetection is that if it fails, X will retry it +# over and over. So if it's preseeded to be done, there is a possibility of +# an infinite loop if the mouse is not autodetected. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_mouse boolean true + +# Monitor autodetection is recommended. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/autodetect_monitor boolean true +# Uncomment if you have an LCD display. +#xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/lcd boolean true +# X has three configuration paths for the monitor. Here's how to preseed +# the "medium" path, which is always available. The "simple" path may not +# be available, and the "advanced" path asks too many questions. +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/selection-method \ + select medium +xserver-xfree86 xserver-xfree86/config/monitor/mode-list \ + select 1024x768 @ 60 Hz + +#### Everything else. + +# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong +# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may +# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every +# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an +# installation, and then run these commands: +# debconf-get-selections --installer > file +# debconf-get-selections >> file + +# If you like, you can include other preseed files into this one. +# Any settings in those files will override pre-existing settings from this +# file. More that one file can be listed, separated by spaces; all will be +# loaded. The included files can have preseed/include directives of their +# own as well. Note that if the filenames are relative, they are taken from +# the same directory as the preseed file that includes them. +#d-i preseed/include string x.cfg + +# More flexibly, this runs a shell command and if it outputs the names of +# preseed files, includes those files. For example, to switch configs based +# on a particular usb storage device (in this case, a built-in card reader): +#d-i preseed/include_command string \ +# if $(grep -q "GUID: 0aec3050aec305000001a003" /proc/scsi/usb-storage-*/*); \ +# then echo kraken.cfg; else echo otherusb.cfg; fi + +# To check the format of your preseed file before performing an install, +# you can use debconf-set-selections: +# debconf-set-selections -c preseed.cfg +</screen></informalexample> diff --git a/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml b/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc487cdf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/example-preseed.xml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 30379 --> + + + <sect1 id="example-preseed"> + <!--<title>Preconfiguration File Example</title>--> + <title>Esempio di file di preconfigurazione</title> +<para> + +<!-- +This is a complete working example of a preconfiguration file for an automated +install. Its use is explained in <xref linkend="automatic-install"/>. You +may want to uncomment some of the lines before using the file. +--> + +Questo è un esempio completo e funzionante di un file di preconfigurazione +da usare per le installazioni automatiche; il suo uso è spiegato in +<xref linkend="automatic-install"/>. Probabilmente si dovrà togliere il +carattere di commento ad alcune righe prima di usare il file. + +</para> + +<note condition="sarge"><para> + +<!-- +In order to be able to properly present this example in the manual, we've had +to split some lines. This is indicated by the use of the line-continuation-character +<quote>\</quote> and extra indentation in the next line. In a real preconfiguration +file, these split lines have to be joined into <emphasis>one single line</emphasis>. +If you do not, preconfiguration will fail with unpredictable results. +--> + +Per rappresentare correttamente questo esempio nel manuale alcune +righe sono state spezzate. Queste righe si riconoscono perché terminano +con il carattere di continuazione della riga <quote>\</quote> e perché la +riga successiva ha un'indentazione maggiore. In un vero file di +preconfigurazione tali righe devono essere unite in <emphasis>una +singola riga</emphasis>, altrimenti la preconfigurazione non funziona +producendo dei risultati imprevedibili. + +</para><para> + +<!-- +A <quote>clean</quote> example file is available from &urlset-example-preseed;. +--> + +Un file di esempio <quote>pulito</quote> è disponibile da +&urlset-example-preseed;. + +</para></note> + +<para condition="etch"> + +<!-- +The example file is also available from &urlset-example-preseed;. +--> + +Il file di esempio è disponibile anche da &urlset-example-preseed;. + +</para><para> + +&example-preseed-sarge.xml; +&example-preseed-etch.xml; + +</para> + </sect1> diff --git a/it/appendix/files.xml b/it/appendix/files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8abaf5d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,528 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 28672 --> + + + <sect1 id="linuxdevices"> + <!-- <title>Linux Devices</title> --> + <title>I device linux</title> +<para> + +<!-- In Linux you have various special files in +<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called device files. In +the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a +special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the +hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system +component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave +differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device +files listed. --> + +In Linux sotto <filename>/dev</filename> sono presenti diversi file +speciali, chiamati file di device. Nel mondo Unix si accede alle +periferiche in modo particolare: c'è un file speciale che in realtà +esegue un driver che a sua volta accede all'hardware. Il file di device +è un'interfaccia verso il componente reale del sistema. Inoltre i file +sotto <filename>/dev</filename> si comportano in modo diverso dai file +ordinari. Segue un elenco dei file di device più significativi. + +</para><para> + +<!-- <informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry> + <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry> + <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry> + <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry> + <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry> + <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry> + <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry> + <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry> + <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry> + <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry> + <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry> + <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>null</filename></entry> + <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry> + <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> --> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry> + <entry>Primo lettore di dischetti</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry> + <entry>Secondo lettore di dischetti</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Master)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry> + <entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Slave)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry> + <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso IDE</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry> + <entry>Quindicesima partizione del quarto disco fisso IDE</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso (p.e. 0)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo (p.e. 1)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry> + <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI ulteriore (p.e. 2)</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry> + <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso SCSI</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry> + <entry>Decima partizione del quarto disco fisso SCSI</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry> + <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry> + <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry> + <entry>Porta seriale 0, COM1 sotto MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry> + <entry>Porta seriale 1, COM2 sotto MS-DOS</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry> + <entry>Device del mouse PS/2</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry> + <entry>Pseudo device, usato dal demone GPM per ritrasmettere i dati del mouse</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry> + <entry>Link simbolico al lettore CD</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry> + <entry>Link simbolico al file di device del mouse</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody> +<row> + <entry><filename>null</filename></entry> + <entry>Qualunque cosa trasmessa a questo device scomparirà</entry> +</row><row> + <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry> + <entry>Vi si possono leggere infiniti zero</entry> +</row> +</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> + +</para> + + <sect2> + <!-- <title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title> --> + <title>Configurazione del mouse</title> +<para> + +<!-- The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window +environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used +to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown: --> + +Il mouse può essere utilizzato sia in console (con gpm) che in ambiente +X Window. Le due modalità di utilizzo sono compatibili se si utilizza +il ripetitore di dati di gpm per permettere al segnale di passare +al server X, come mostrato di seguito: + +<informalexample><screen> +mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X + /dev/ttyS0 (ripetitore) (link simbolico) + /dev/ttyS1 +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while +setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> +or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. --> + +Si imposti come "raw" il protocollo del ripetitore (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>), +mentre in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> o +<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename> si imposti per X il protocollo +originario del mouse. + +</para><para> + +<!-- This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is +unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with --> + +L'utilizzo di gpm anche in X si dimostra vantaggioso nel caso il mouse +venga inavvertitamente scollegato. Basterà semplicemente rilanciare +gpm con + +<informalexample><screen> +# /etc/init.d/gpm restart +</screen></informalexample> + +<!-- will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X. --> + +per riconnettere via software il mouse senza dover rilanciare X. + +</para><para> + +<!-- If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to +read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer +to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at +<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, +<userinput>man gpm</userinput>, +<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and +<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. --> + +Se gpm è disabilitato, o per qualche ragione non è installato, ci si +assicuri di impostare X affinché legga direttamente il device del mouse, +ad esempio /dev/psaux. Per dettagli si faccia riferimento al 3-Button +Mouse mini-Howto presso <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, +a <userinput>man gpm</userinput>, <filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename> e +<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or +<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to +<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>. --> + +Per i PowerPC, si imposti il device del mouse come +<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> +o <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +<!-- Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse +when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to +<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file. --> + +I kernel attuali permettono di emulare un mouse a tre tasti con un mouse +ad un solo tasto. È sufficiente aggiungere le righe seguenti al +file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>. + +<!-- <informalexample><screen> +# 3-button mouse emulation +# turn on emulation +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1 +# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87 +# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88 +# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is. +</screen></informalexample> --> + +<informalexample><screen> +# Emulazione di mouse a 3 tasti +# attiva l'emulazione +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1 +# invia il segnale del tasto mediano con F11 +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87 +# invia il segnale del tasto di destra con F12 +/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88 +# in caso si vogliano usare tasti diversi da F11 e F12, con +# showkey si possono ottenere i codici corrispondenti +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list"> + <!-- <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title> --> + <title>Spazio necessario per i task di tasksel</title> +<para> + +<!-- The base installation for i386 using the default 2.4 kernel, +including all standard packages, requires 573MB of disk space. --> + +L'installazione di base per i386 con il kernel 2.4 predefinito, +compresi tutti i pacchetti standard, richiede 573 MB di spazio sul +disco fisso. + +</para><para> + +<!-- The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed +in tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the +total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total +obtained by adding up the numbers. --> + +La tabella seguente elenca le dimensioni dei task proposti in tasksel, secondo +quanto riportato da aptitude. Si noti che alcuni task hanno dei componenti in +comune, per cui lo spazio realmente occupato da due task installati assieme +potrebbe essere minore della somma teorica. + +</para><para> + +<!-- Note that you will need to add the sizes listed in the table to the size +of the base installation when determining the size of partitions. +Most of the size listed as <quote>Installed size</quote> will end up in +<filename>/usr</filename>; the size listed as <quote>Download size</quote> +is (temporarily) required in <filename>/var</filename>. --> + +Si noti che è necessario aggiungere dello spazio rispetto a quanto +indicato nella tabella come spazio minimo nel momento in cui si definisce +la dimensione delle partizioni. La maggior parte delle dimensioni elencate +come <quote>Dimensione installazione</quote> va a finire all'interno +di <filename>/usr</filename>; le dimensioni elencate come <quote>Dimensione +download</quote> devono essere (temporaneamente) disponibili in +<filename>/var</filename>. + +</para><para> + +<!-- <informaltable><tgroup cols="4"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Task</entry> + <entry>Installed size (MB)</entry> + <entry>Download size (MB)</entry> + <entry>Space needed to install (MB)</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>Desktop</entry> + <entry>1392</entry> + <entry>460</entry> + <entry>1852</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Web server</entry> + <entry>36</entry> + <entry>12</entry> + <entry>48</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Print server</entry> + <entry>168</entry> + <entry>58</entry> + <entry>226</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>DNS server</entry> + <entry>2</entry> + <entry>1</entry> + <entry>3</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>File server</entry> + <entry>47</entry> + <entry>24</entry> + <entry>71</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Mail server</entry> + <entry>10</entry> + <entry>3</entry> + <entry>13</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>SQL database</entry> + <entry>66</entry> + <entry>21</entry> + <entry>87</entry> +</row> + +</tbody> +</tgroup></informaltable> --> + +<informaltable><tgroup cols="4"> +<thead> +<row> + <entry>Task</entry> + <entry>Dimensione installazione (MB)</entry> + <entry>Dimensione download (MB)</entry> + <entry>Spazio necessario all'installazione (MB)</entry> +</row> +</thead> + +<tbody> +<row> + <entry>Desktop</entry> + <entry>1392</entry> + <entry>460</entry> + <entry>1852</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Web server</entry> + <entry>36</entry> + <entry>12</entry> + <entry>48</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Print server</entry> + <entry>168</entry> + <entry>58</entry> + <entry>226</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>DNS server</entry> + <entry>2</entry> + <entry>1</entry> + <entry>3</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>File server</entry> + <entry>47</entry> + <entry>24</entry> + <entry>71</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>Mail server</entry> + <entry>10</entry> + <entry>3</entry> + <entry>13</entry> +</row> + +<row> + <entry>SQL database</entry> + <entry>66</entry> + <entry>21</entry> + <entry>87</entry> +</row> + +</tbody> +</tgroup></informaltable> + +<note><para> + +<!-- The <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> task will install both the Gnome and KDE +desktop environments. --> + +Il task <emphasis>Desktop</emphasis> installa sia l'ambiente desktop GNOME +che KDE. + +</para></note> + +</para><para> + +<!-- If you install in a language other than English, <command>tasksel</command> +may automatically install a <firstterm>localization task</firstterm>, if one +is available for your language. Space requirements differ per language; +you should allow up to 200MB in total for download and installation. --> + +Se l'installazione avviene in una lingua diversa dall'inglese, +<command>tasksel</command> potrebbe installare automaticamente un +<firstterm>localization task</firstterm> se è disponibile per la propria +lingua. Lo spazio richiesto varia a seconda della lingua; potrebbe essere +necessari altri 200 MB per il download e l'installazione di questo +task. + +</para> + </sect1> diff --git a/it/appendix/gpl.xml b/it/appendix/gpl.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e785b294 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/gpl.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1104 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 29618 --> + + +<appendix id="appendix-gpl"> +<title>GNU General Public License</title> + +<para> +Nota: licenza originale è seguita da una traduzione non ufficiale curata +da gruppo Pluto, da ILS e dal gruppo italiano di traduzione GNU. +</para> + + <sect1> + <title>GNU General Public License</title> + +<para> + +Version 2, June 1991 + +</para><para> + +Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +— +51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. + +</para><para> + +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + +</para> + + <sect2> + <title>Preamble</title> +<para> + +The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom +to share and change it. By contrast, the gnu General Public License +is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free +software — to make sure the software is free for all its users. This +General Public License applies to most of the Free Software +Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit +to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered +by the gnu Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it +to your programs, too. + +</para><para> + +When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not +price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you +have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge +for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can +get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces +of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these +things. + +</para><para> + +To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid +anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the +rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for +you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. + +</para><para> + +For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether +gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that +you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the +source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their +rights. + +</para><para> + +We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, +and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to +copy, distribute and/or modify the software. + +</para><para> + +Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain +that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free +software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, +we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the +original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect +on the original authors' reputations. + +</para><para> + +Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software +patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free +program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making +the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that +any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed +at all. + +</para><para> + +The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and +modification follow. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</title> +<para> + +TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION + +</para> + +<itemizedlist><listitem><para> + +This License applies to any program or other work which contains a +notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed +under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, +refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" +means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: +that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, +either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another +language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in +the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". + +</para><para> + +Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not +covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of +running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the +Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on +the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). +Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's +source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you +conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate +copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the +notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any +warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this +License along with the Program. + +</para><para> + +You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and +you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a +fee. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion +of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and +distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 +above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: + +</para><para> + +a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices +stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. + +</para><para> + +b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in +whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part +thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties +under the terms of this License. + +</para><para> + +c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when +run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use +in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement +including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is +no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that +users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and +telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if +the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an +announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print +an announcement.) + +</para><para> + +These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If +identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, +and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in +themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those +sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you +distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based +on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of +this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the +entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote +it. + +</para><para> + +Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest +your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to +exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or +collective works based on the Program. + +</para><para> + +In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the +Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a +volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other +work under the scope of this License. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, +under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of +Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the +following: + +</para><para> + +a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable +source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 +and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; +or, + +</para><para> + +b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, +to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of +physically performing source distribution, a complete +machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be +distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium +customarily used for software interchange; or, + +</para><para> + +c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to +distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed +only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the +program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in +accord with Subsection b above.) + +</para><para> + +The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for +making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source +code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any +associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to +control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a +special exception, the source code distributed need not include +anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary +form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the +operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component +itself accompanies the executable. + +</para><para> + +If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering +access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent +access to copy the source code from the same place counts as +distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not +compelled to copy the source along with the object code. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program +except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt +otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is +void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this +License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from +you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so +long as such parties remain in full compliance. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +You are not required to accept this License, since you have not +signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or +distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are +prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by +modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the +Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and +all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying +the Program or works based on it. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the +Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the +original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject +to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further +restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted +herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third +parties to this License. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent +infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or +otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do +not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot +distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under +this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a +consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, +if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of +the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly +through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this +License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the +Program. + +</para><para> + +If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under +any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended +to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other +circumstances. + +</para><para> + +It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any +patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any +such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the +integrity of the free software distribution system, which is +implemented by public license practices. Many people have made +generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed +through that system in reliance on consistent application of that +system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is +willing to distribute software through any other system and a +licensee cannot impose that choice. + +</para><para> + +This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to +be a consequence of the rest of this License. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in +certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the +original copyright holder who places the Program under this License +may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding +those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among +countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates +the limitation as if written in the body of this License. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new +versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new +versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may +differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. + +</para><para> + +Each version is +given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a +version number of this License which applies to it and "any later +version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions +either of that version or of any later version published by the Free +Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number +of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the +Free Software Foundation. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free +programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the +author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by +the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; +we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by +the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our +free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software +generally. + +</para><para> + +NO WARRANTY + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +because the program is licensed free of charge, there is no +warranty for the program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. +except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or +other parties provide the program "as is" without warranty of any +kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the +implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular +purpose. the entire risk as to the quality and performance of the +program is with you. should the program prove defective, you assume +the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +in no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in +writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify +and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to you +for damages, including any general, special, incidental or +consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the +program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being +rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a +failure of the program to operate with any other programs), even if +such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of +such damages. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +<para> + +END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</title> +<para> + +If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make +it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under +these terms. + +</para><para> + +To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + +</para><para> + +one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it +does. + +</para><para> + +Copyright (C) year name of author + +</para><para> + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the gnu General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at +your option) any later version. + +</para><para> + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of +merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the gnu +General Public License for more details. + +</para><para> + +You should have received a copy of the gnu General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, +MA 02110-1301, USA. + +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 +USA. + +</para><para> + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper +mail. + +</para><para> + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like +this when it starts in an interactive mode: + +</para><para> + +Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author + +</para><para> + +Gnomovision comes with absolutely no warranty; for details type `show +w'. + +</para><para> + +This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under +certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +</para><para> + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the +appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the +commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and +`show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items — whatever +suits your program. + +</para><para> + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or +your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the +program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + +</para><para> + +Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the +program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by +James Hacker. + +</para><para> + +signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 + +</para><para> + +Ty Coon, President of Vice + +</para><para> + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your +program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine +library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking +proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want +to do, use the gnu Library General Public License instead of this +License. + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + + <sect1> + <title>Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU</title> +<para> + +Questa è una traduzione italiana non ufficiale della Licenza Pubblica +Generica GNU. Non è pubblicata dalla Free Software Foundation e non +ha valore legale nell'esprimere i termini di distribuzione del +software che usa la licenza GPL. Solo la versione originale in inglese +della licenza ha valore legale. Ad ogni modo, speriamo che questa +traduzione aiuti le persone di lingua italiana a capire meglio il +significato della licenza GPL. + +</para><para> + +This is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public +License into Italian. It was not published by the Free +Software Foundation, and does not legally state the +distribution terms for software that uses the GNU GPL — +only the original English text of the GNU GPL does that. +However, we hope that this translation will help Italian +speakers to understand the GNU GPL better. + +</para><para> + +Versione 2, Giugno 1991 + +</para><para> + +Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +— +51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. + +</para><para> + +Chiunque può copiare e distribuire copie letterali di questo documento +di licenza, ma non ne è permessa la modifica. + +</para> + + <sect2> + <title>Preambolo</title> +<para> + +Le licenze della maggior parte dei programmi hanno lo scopo di +togliere all'utente la libertà di condividere e modificare il +programma stesso. Viceversa, la Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU è intesa +a garantire la libertà di condividere e modificare il software libero, +al fine di assicurare che i programmi siano liberi per tutti i loro +utenti. Questa Licenza si applica alla maggioranza dei programmi +della Free Software Foundation e ad ogni altro programma i cui autori +hanno deciso di usare questa Licenza. Alcuni altri programmi della +Free Software Foundation sono invece coperti dalla Licenza Pubblica +Generica Minore. Chiunque può usare questa Licenza per i propri +programmi. + +</para><para> + +Quando si parla di software libero (free software), ci si riferisce +alla libertà, non al prezzo. Le nostre Licenze (la GPL e la LGPL) +sono progettate per assicurarsi che ciascuno abbia la libertà di +distribuire copie del software libero (e farsi pagare per questo, se +vuole), che ciascuno riceva il codice sorgente o che lo possa ottenere +se lo desidera, che ciascuno possa modificare il programma o usarne +delle parti in nuovi programmi liberi e che ciascuno sappia di potere +fare queste cose. + +</para><para> + +Per proteggere i diritti dell'utente, abbiamo bisogno di creare delle +restrizioni che vietino a chiunque di negare questi diritti o di +chiedere di rinunciarvi. Queste restrizioni si traducono in certe +responsabilità per chi distribuisce copie del software e per chi lo +modifica. + +</para><para> + +Per esempio, chi distribuisce copie di un programma coperto da GPL, +sia gratis sia in cambio di un compenso, deve concedere ai destinatari +tutti i diritti che ha ricevuto. Deve anche assicurarsi che i +destinatari ricevano o possano ottenere il codice sorgente. E deve +mostrar loro queste condizioni di licenza, in modo che essi conoscano +i propri diritti. + +</para><para> + +Proteggiamo i diritti dell'utente in due modi: (1) proteggendo il +software con un copyright, e (2) offrendo una licenza che dia il +permesso legale di copiare, distribuire e modificare il Programma. + +</para><para> + +Inoltre, per proteggere ogni autore e noi stessi, vogliamo assicurarci +che ognuno capisca che non ci sono garanzie per i programmi coperti da +GPL. Se il programma viene modificato da qualcun altro e +ridistribuito, vogliamo che gli acquirenti sappiano che ciò che hanno +non è l'originale, in modo che ogni problema introdotto da altri non +si rifletta sulla reputazione degli autori originari. + +</para><para> + +Infine, ogni programma libero è costantemente minacciato dai brevetti +sui programmi. Vogliamo evitare il pericolo che chi ridistribuisce un +programma libero ottenga la proprietà di brevetti, rendendo in pratica +il programma cosa di sua proprietà. Per prevenire questa evenienza, +abbiamo chiarito che ogni brevetto debba essere concesso in licenza +d'uso a chiunque, o non avere alcuna restrizione di licenza d'uso. + +</para><para> + +Seguono i termini e le condizioni precisi per la copia, la +distribuzione e la modifica. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>LICENZA PUBBLICA GENERICA GNU</title> +<para> + +TERMINI E CONDIZIONI PER LA COPIA, LA DISTRIBUZIONE E LA MODIFICA + +</para> + +<itemizedlist><listitem><para> + + Questa Licenza si applica a ogni programma o altra opera che +contenga una nota da parte del detentore del copyright che dica che +tale opera può essere distribuita sotto i termini di questa Licenza +Pubblica Generica. Il termine <quote>Programma</quote> nel seguito si +riferisce ad ogni programma o opera così definita, e l'espressione +<quote>opera basata sul Programma</quote> indica sia il Programma sia +ogni opera considerata <quote>derivata</quote> in base alla legge sul +copyright; in altre parole, un'opera contenente il Programma o una +porzione di esso, sia letteralmente sia modificato o tradotto in +un'altra lingua. Da qui in avanti, la traduzione è in ogni caso +considerata una <quote>modifica</quote>. Vengono ora elencati i +diritti dei beneficiari della licenza. + +</para><para> + +Attività diverse dalla copiatura, distribuzione e modifica non sono +coperte da questa Licenza e sono al di fuori della sua influenza. +L'atto di eseguire il Programma non viene limitato, e l'output del +programma è coperto da questa Licenza solo se il suo contenuto +costituisce un'opera basata sul Programma (indipendentemente dal fatto +che sia stato creato eseguendo il Programma). In base alla natura del +Programma il suo output può essere o meno coperto da questa Licenza. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + + È lecito copiare e distribuire copie letterali del codice +sorgente del Programma così come viene ricevuto, con qualsiasi mezzo, +a condizione che venga riprodotta chiaramente su ogni copia una +appropriata nota di copyright e di assenza di garanzia; che si +mantengano intatti tutti i riferimenti a questa Licenza e all'assenza +di ogni garanzia; che si dia a ogni altro destinatario del Programma +una copia di questa Licenza insieme al Programma. + +</para><para> + +È possibile richiedere un pagamento per il trasferimento fisico di una +copia del Programma, è anche possibile a propria discrezione +richiedere un pagamento in cambio di una copertura assicurativa. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + È lecito modificare la propria copia o copie del Programma, o +parte di esso, creando perciò un'opera basata sul Programma, e copiare +o distribuire tali modifiche o tale opera secondo i termini del +precedente comma 1, a patto che siano soddisfatte tutte le condizioni +che seguono: + +</para><para> + +a) Bisogna indicare chiaramente nei file che si tratta di copie +modificate e la data di ogni modifica. + +</para><para> + +b) Bisogna fare in modo che ogni opera distribuita o pubblicata, +che in parte o nella sua totalità derivi dal Programma o da parti +di esso, sia concessa nella sua interezza in licenza gratuita ad +ogni terza parte, secondo i termini di questa Licenza. + +</para><para> + +c) Se normalmente il programma modificato legge comandi +interattivamente quando viene eseguito, bisogna fare in modo che +all'inizio dell'esecuzione interattiva usuale, esso stampi un +messaggio contenente una appropriata nota di copyright e di +assenza di garanzia (oppure che specifichi il tipo di garanzia che +si offre). Il messaggio deve inoltre specificare che chiunque può +ridistribuire il programma alle condizioni qui descritte e deve +indicare come reperire questa Licenza. Se però il programma di +partenza è interattivo ma normalmente non stampa tale messaggio, +non occorre che un'opera basata sul Programma lo stampi. + +</para><para> + +Questi requisiti si applicano all'opera modificata nel suo complesso. +Se sussistono parti identificabili dell'opera modificata che non siano +derivate dal Programma e che possono essere ragionevolmente +considerate lavori indipendenti, allora questa Licenza e i suoi +termini non si applicano a queste parti quando queste vengono +distribuite separatamente. Se però queste parti vengono distribuite +all'interno di un prodotto che è un'opera basata sul Programma, la +distribuzione di quest'opera nella sua interezza deve avvenire nei +termini di questa Licenza, le cui norme nei confronti di altri utenti +si estendono all'opera nella sua interezza, e quindi ad ogni sua +parte, chiunque ne sia l'autore. + +</para><para> + +Quindi, non è nelle intenzioni di questa sezione accampare diritti, né +contestare diritti su opere scritte interamente da altri; l'intento è +piuttosto quello di esercitare il diritto di controllare la +distribuzione di opere derivati dal Programma o che lo contengano. + +</para><para> + +Inoltre, la semplice aggregazione di un'opera non derivata dal +Programma col Programma o con un'opera da esso derivata su di un mezzo +di memorizzazione o di distribuzione, non è sufficiente a includere +l'opera non derivata nell'ambito di questa Licenza. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + È lecito copiare e distribuire il Programma (o un'opera basata su +di esso, come espresso al comma 2) sotto forma di codice oggetto o +eseguibile secondo i termini dei precedenti commi 1 e 2, a patto che +si applichi una delle seguenti condizioni: + +</para><para> + +a) Il Programma sia corredato del codice sorgente completo, in una +forma leggibile da calcolatore, e tale sorgente sia fornito +secondo le regole dei precedenti commi 1 e 2 su di un mezzo +comunemente usato per lo scambio di programmi. + +</para><para> + +b) Il Programma sia accompagnato da un'offerta scritta, valida per +almeno tre anni, di fornire a chiunque ne faccia richiesta una +copia completa del codice sorgente, in una forma leggibile da +calcolatore, in cambio di un compenso non superiore al costo del +trasferimento fisico di tale copia, che deve essere fornita +secondo le regole dei precedenti commi 1 e 2 su di un mezzo +comunemente usato per lo scambio di programmi. + +</para><para> + +c) Il Programma sia accompagnato dalle informazioni che sono state +ricevute riguardo alla possibilità di ottenere il codice sorgente. +Questa alternativa è permessa solo in caso di distribuzioni non +commerciali e solo se il programma è stato ottenuto sotto forma di +codice oggetto o eseguibile in accordo al precedente comma B. + +</para><para> + +Per <quote>codice sorgente completo</quote> di un'opera si intende +la forma preferenziale usata per modificare un'opera. Per un +programma eseguibile, <quote>codice sorgente completo</quote> +significa tutto il codice sorgente di tutti i moduli in esso +contenuti, più ogni file associato che definisca le interfacce esterne +del programma, più gli script usati per controllare la compilazione e +l'installazione dell'eseguibile. In ogni caso non è necessario che il +codice sorgente fornito includa nulla che sia normalmente distribuito +(in forma sorgente o in formato binario) con i principali componenti +del sistema operativo sotto cui viene eseguito il Programma +(compilatore, kernel, e così via), a meno che tali componenti +accompagnino l'eseguibile. + +</para><para> + +Se la distribuzione dell'eseguibile o del codice oggetto è effettuata +indicando un luogo dal quale sia possibile copiarlo, permettere la +copia del codice sorgente dallo stesso luogo è considerata una valida +forma di distribuzione del codice sorgente, anche se copiare il +sorgente è facoltativo per l'acquirente. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + Non è lecito copiare, modificare, sublicenziare, o distribuire +il Programma in modi diversi da quelli espressamente previsti da +questa Licenza. Ogni tentativo di copiare, modificare, sublicenziare +o distribuire il Programma non è autorizzato, e farà terminare +automaticamente i diritti garantiti da questa Licenza. D'altra parte +ogni acquirente che abbia ricevuto copie, o diritti, coperti da questa +Licenza da parte di persone che violano la Licenza come qui indicato +non vedranno invalidata la loro Licenza, purché si comportino +conformemente ad essa. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + L'acquirente non è tenuto ad accettare questa Licenza, +poiché non l'ha firmata. D'altra parte nessun altro documento +garantisce il permesso di modificare o distribuire il Programma o i +lavori derivati da esso. Queste azioni sono proibite dalla legge per +chi non accetta questa Licenza; perciò, modificando o distribuendo il +Programma o un'opera basata sul programma, si indica nel fare ciò +l'accettazione di questa Licenza e quindi di tutti i suoi termini e le +condizioni poste sulla copia, la distribuzione e la modifica del +Programma o di lavori basati su di esso. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + Ogni volta che il Programma o un'opera basata su di esso vengono +distribuiti, l'acquirente riceve automaticamente una licenza d'uso da +parte del licenziatario originale. Tale licenza regola la copia, la +distribuzione e la modifica del Programma secondo questi termini e +queste condizioni. Non è lecito imporre restrizioni ulteriori +all'acquirente nel suo esercizio dei diritti qui garantiti. Chi +distribuisce programmi coperti da questa Licenza non è comunque +tenuto a imporre il rispetto di questa Licenza a terzi. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + Se, come conseguenza del giudizio di un tribunale, o di una +imputazione per la violazione di un brevetto o per ogni altra ragione +(non limitatamente a questioni di brevetti), vengono imposte +condizioni che contraddicono le condizioni di questa licenza, che +queste condizioni siano dettate dalla corte, da accordi tra le parti o +altro, queste condizioni non esimono nessuno dall'osservazione di +questa Licenza. Se non è possibile distribuire un prodotto in un modo +che soddisfi simultaneamente gli obblighi dettati da questa Licenza e +altri obblighi pertinenti, il prodotto non può essere affatto +distribuito. Per esempio, se un brevetto non permettesse a tutti +quelli che lo ricevono di ridistribuire il Programma senza obbligare +al pagamento di diritti, allora l'unico modo per soddisfare +contemporaneamente il brevetto e questa Licenza e' di non distribuire +affatto il Programma. + +</para><para> + +Se una qualunque parte di questo comma è ritenuta non valida o non +applicabile in una qualunque circostanza, deve comunque essere +applicata l'idea espressa da questo comma; in ogni altra circostanza +invece deve essere applicato questo comma nel suo complesso. + +</para><para> + +Non è nelle finalità di questo comma indurre gli utenti ad infrangere +alcun brevetto né ogni altra rivendicazione di diritti di proprietà, +né di contestare la validità di alcuna di queste rivendicazioni; lo +scopo di questo comma è unicamente quello di proteggere l'integrità +del sistema di distribuzione dei programmi liberi, che viene +realizzato tramite l'uso di licenze pubbliche. Molte persone hanno +contribuito generosamente alla vasta gamma di programmi distribuiti +attraverso questo sistema, basandosi sull'applicazione fedele di tale +sistema. L'autore/donatore può decidere di sua volontà se preferisce +distribuire il software avvalendosi di altri sistemi, e l'acquirente +non può imporre la scelta del sistema di distribuzione. + +</para><para> + +Questo comma serve a rendere il più chiaro possibile ciò che crediamo +sia una conseguenza del resto di questa Licenza. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + Se in alcuni paesi la distribuzione o l'uso del Programma sono +limitati da brevetto o dall'uso di interfacce coperte da copyright, il +detentore del copyright originale che pone il Programma sotto questa +Licenza può aggiungere limiti geografici espliciti alla distribuzione, +per escludere questi paesi dalla distribuzione stessa, in modo che il +programma possa essere distribuito solo nei paesi non esclusi da +questa regola. In questo caso i limiti geografici sono inclusi in +questa Licenza e ne fanno parte a tutti gli effetti. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + All'occorrenza la Free Software Foundation può pubblicare +revisioni o nuove versioni di questa Licenza Pubblica Generica. Tali +nuove versioni saranno simili a questa nello spirito, ma potranno +differire nei dettagli al fine di coprire nuovi problemi e nuove +situazioni. + +</para><para> + +Ad ogni versione viene dato un numero identificativo. Se il Programma +asserisce di essere coperto da una particolare versione di questa +Licenza e <quote>da ogni versione successiva</quote>, l'acquirente può +scegliere se seguire le condizioni della versione specificata o di una +successiva. Se il Programma non specifica quale versione di questa +Licenza deve applicarsi, l'acquirente può scegliere una qualsiasi +versione tra quelle pubblicate dalla Free Software Foundation. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + Se si desidera incorporare parti del Programma in altri +programmi liberi le cui condizioni di distribuzione differiscano da +queste, è possibile scrivere all'autore del Programma per chiederne +l'autorizzazione. Per il software il cui copyright è detenuto dalla +Free Software Foundation, si scriva alla Free Software Foundation; +talvolta facciamo eccezioni alle regole di questa Licenza. La nostra +decisione sarà guidata da due finalità: preservare la libertà di tutti +i prodotti derivati dal nostro software libero e promuovere la +condivisione e il riutilizzo del software in generale. + +</para><para> + +NON C'È GARANZIA + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + poiché il programma è concesso in uso gratuitamente, non c'è +garanzia per il programma, nei limiti permessi dalle vigenti leggi. +se non indicato diversamente per iscritto, il detentore del copyright +e le altre parti forniscono il programma <quote>così com'è</quote>, +senza alcun tipo di garanzia, né esplicita né implicita; ciò +comprende, senza limitarsi a questo, la garanzia implicita di +commerciabilità e utilizzabilità per un particolare scopo. l'intero +rischio concernente la qualità e le prestazioni del programma è +dell'acquirente. se il programma dovesse rivelarsi difettoso, +l'acquirente si assume il costo di ogni manutenzione, riparazione o +correzione necessaria. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + + né il detentore del copyright né altre parti che possono +modificare o ridistribuire il programma come permesso in questa +licenza sono responsabili per danni nei confronti dell'acquirente, a +meno che questo non sia richiesto dalle leggi vigenti o appaia in un +accordo scritto. sono inclusi danni generici, speciali o incidentali, +come pure i danni che conseguono dall'uso o dall'impossibilità di +usare il programma; ciò comprende, senza limitarsi a questo, la +perdita di dati, la corruzione dei dati, le perdite sostenute +dall'acquirente o da terzi e l'incapacità del programma a interagire +con altri programmi, anche se il detentore o altre parti sono state +avvisate della possibilità di questi danni. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +<para> + +FINE DEI TERMINI E DELLE CONDIZIONI + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Come applicare questi termini a nuovi programmi</title> +<para> + +Se si sviluppa un nuovo programma e lo si vuole rendere della maggiore +utilità possibile per il pubblico, la cosa migliore da fare è rendere +tale programma libero, cosicché ciascuno possa ridistribuirlo e +modificarlo sotto questi termini. + +</para><para> + +Per fare questo, si inserisca nel programma la seguente nota. La cosa +migliore da fare è mettere la nota all'inizio di ogni file sorgente, +per chiarire nel modo più efficiente possibile l'assenza di garanzia; +ogni file dovrebbe contenere almeno la nota di copyright e +l'indicazione di dove trovare l'intera nota. + +</para><para> + +una riga per dire in breve il nome del programma e cosa fa + +</para><para> + +Copyright (C) <replaceable>anno</replaceable> +<replaceable>nome dell'autore</replaceable> + +</para><para> + +Questo programma è software libero; è lecito redistribuirlo o +modificarlo secondo i termini della Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU +come è pubblicata dalla Free Software Foundation; o la versione 2 +della licenza o (a propria scelta) una versione successiva. + +</para><para> + +questo programma è distribuito nella speranza che sia utile, ma +senza alcuna garanzia; senza neppure la garanzia implicita di +negoziabilità o di applicabilità per un particolare scopo. si +veda la Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU per avere maggiori dettagli. + +</para><para> + +Questo programma deve essere distribuito assieme ad una copia +della Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU; in caso contrario, se ne può +ottenere una scrivendo alla Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 +Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. + +</para><para> + +Si aggiungano anche informazioni su come si può essere contattati +tramite posta elettronica e cartacea. + +</para><para> + +Se il programma è interattivo, si faccia in modo che stampi una breve +nota simile a questa quando viene usato interattivamente: + +</para><para> + +Orcaloca versione 69, Copyright (C) anno nome dell'autore + +</para><para> + +Orcaloca non ha alcuna garanzia; per dettagli usare il comando +<userinput>show g</userinput>. + +</para><para> + +Questo è software libero, e ognuno è libero di redistribuirlo secondo +certe condizioni; usare il comando <userinput>show c</userinput> per +i dettagli. + +</para><para> + +Gli ipotetici comandi <userinput>show g</userinput> e <userinput>show +c</userinput> mostreranno le parti appropriate della Licenza Pubblica +Generica. Chiaramente, i comandi usati possono essere chiamati +diversamente da <userinput>show g</userinput> e <userinput>show +c</userinput> e possono anche essere selezionati con il mouse o +attraverso un menu, o comunque sia pertinente al programma. + +</para><para> + +Se necessario, si deve anche far firmare al proprio datore di lavoro +(per chi lavora come programmatore) o alla propria scuola, per chi è +studente, una <quote>rinuncia al copyright</quote> per il programma. +Ecco un esempio con nomi fittizi: + +</para><para> + +Yoyodinamica SPA rinuncia con questo documento ad ogni diritto sul +copyright del programma <quote>Orcaloca</quote> (che svolge +dei passi di compilazione) scritto da Giovanni Smanettone. + +</para><para> + +<replaceable>firma di Primo Tizio</replaceable>, 1 aprile 1989 + +</para><para> + +Primo Tizio, Presidente + +</para><para> + +I programmi coperti da questa Licenza Pubblica Generica non possono +essere incorporati all'interno di programmi proprietari. Se il +proprio programma è una libreria di funzioni, può essere più utile +permettere di collegare applicazioni proprietarie alla libreria. Se +si ha questa intenzione consigliamo di usare la Licenza Pubblica +Generica Minore GNU (LGPL) invece di questa Licenza. + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> +</appendix> diff --git a/it/appendix/plip.xml b/it/appendix/plip.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91b4862b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/plip.xml @@ -0,0 +1,318 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 29687 --> + + + <sect1 id="plip" arch="i386"> + <!--<title>Installing &debian; over Parallel Line IP (PLIP)</title>--> + <title>Installazione &debian; via Parallel Line IP (PLIP)</title> +<para> + +<!-- +This section explains how to install &debian; on a computer without +Ethernet card, but with just a remote gateway computer attached via +a Null-Modem cable (also called Null-Printer cable). The gateway +computer should be connected to a network that has a Debian mirror +on it (e.g. to the Internet). +--> + +Questa sezione spiega come installare &debian; su un computer senza una +scheda di rete usando solo un computer remoto che fa da gateway tramite +un cavo Null-Modem (chiamato anche Null-Printer). Il computer che fa +gateway deve essere connesso a una rete sui cui è presente un mirror +Debian (per esempio Internet). + +</para><para> + +<!-- +In the example in this appendix we will set up a PLIP connection using +a gateway connected to the Internet over a dial-up connection (ppp0). +We will use IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 for the PLIP +interfaces on the target system and the source system respectively +(these addresses should be unused within your network address space). +--> + +Nell'esempio presente in questa appendice è configurata una connessione +PLIP con un gateway connesso a Internet tramite una connessione dial-up +(ppp0). Sono usati gli indirizzi IP 192.168.0.1 e 192.168.0.2 per +l'interfaccia PLIP rispettivamente sul sistema target e sul sistema +sorgente (questi indirizzi devono essere liberi all'interno dello spazio +indirizzi della propria rete). + +</para><para> + +<!-- +The PLIP connection set up during the installation will also be available +after the reboot into the installed system (see <xref linkend="boot-new"/>). +--> + +La connessione PLIP impostata durante la configurazione è disponibile +anche al riavvio del sistema installato (si veda <xref linkend="boot-new"/>). + +</para><para> + +<!-- +Before you start, you will need to check the BIOS configuration (IO base +address and IRQ) for the parallel ports of both the source and target +systems. The most common values are <literal>io=0x378</literal>, +<literal>irq=7</literal>. +--> + +Prima di iniziare è necessario controllare la configurazione del BIOS +(indirizzo IO di base e IRQ) per la porta parallela sul sistema sorgente +e sul sistema target. La configurazione più comune è +<literal>io=0x378</literal> e <literal>irq=7</literal>. + +</para> + + <sect2> + <!--<title>Requirements</title>--> + <title>Requisiti</title> +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +A target computer, called <emphasis>target</emphasis>, where Debian will be +installed. +--> + +Un computer destinatario, chiamato <emphasis>target</emphasis>, su cui +sarà installata Debian. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +System installation media; see <xref linkend="installation-media"/>. +--> + +I supporti con il sistema d'installazione; si veda +<xref linkend="installation-media"/>. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +Another computer connected to the Internet, called <emphasis>source</emphasis>, +that will function as the gateway. +--> + +Un altro computer connesso a Internet, chiamato <emphasis>sorgente</emphasis>, +che ha la funzione di gateway. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +A DB-25 Null-Modem cable. See the +<ulink url="&url-plip-install-howto;">PLIP-Install-HOWTO</ulink> for more +information on this cable and instructions how to make your own. +--> + +Un cavo DB-25 Null-Modem. Si consulti il +<ulink url="&url-plip-install-howto;">PLIP-Install-HOWTO</ulink> per +ulteriori informazioni su questo cavo e per le istruzioni su come +realizzarne uno da soli. + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!--<title>Setting up source</title>--> + <title>Configurazione del sorgente</title> +<para> + +<!-- +The following shell script is a simple example of how to configure the +source computer as a gateway to the Internet using ppp0. +--> + +Lo script shell seguente è un semplice esempio di come configurare il +computer sorgente come gateway per Internet usando ppp0. + +<informalexample><screen> +#!/bin/sh + +# We remove running modules from kernel to avoid conflicts and to +# reconfigure them manually. +modprobe -r lp parport_pc +modprobe parport_pc io=<replaceable>0x378</replaceable> irq=<replaceable>7</replaceable> +modprobe plip + +# Configure the plip interface (plip0 for me, see dmesg | grep plip) +ifconfig <replaceable>plip0 192.168.0.2</replaceable> pointopoint <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask 255.255.255.255 up + +# Configure gateway +modprobe iptable_nat +iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o <replaceable>ppp0</replaceable> -j MASQUERADE +echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <!--<title>Installing target</title>--> + <title>Installazione sul target</title> +<para> + +<!-- +Boot the installation media. The installation needs to be run in +expert mode; enter <userinput>expert</userinput> at the boot prompt. +Below are the answers that should be given during various stages of +the installation. +--> + +Avviare l'installazione in modalità esperto, inserire +<userinput>expert</userinput> al prompt d'avvio. In seguito sono riepilogate +le risposte che si devono dare nei vari passi dell'installazione. + +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +<guimenuitem>Load installer components</guimenuitem> +--> + +<guimenuitem>Caricamento dei componenti dell'installatore</guimenuitem> + +</para><para> + +<!-- +Select the <userinput>plip-modules</userinput> option from the list; this +will make the PLIP drivers available to the installation system. +--> + +Scegliere l'opzione <userinput>plip-modules</userinput> dall'elenco; questa +operazione permette di usare i driver PLIP con il sistema d'installazione. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +<guimenuitem>Detect network hardware</guimenuitem> +--> + +<guimenuitem>Riconoscimento dei dispositivi di rete</guimenuitem> + +</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +If target <emphasis>does</emphasis> have a network card, a list of driver +modules for detected cards will be shown. If you want to force &d-i; to +use plip instead, you have to deselect all listed driver modules. +Obviously, if target doesn't have a network card, the installer will not +show this list. +--> + +Se il target <emphasis>ha</emphasis> una scheda di rete viene mostrato un +elenco dei moduli driver per le schede riconosciute. Per forzare il &d-i; +a usare plip si deve deselezionare tutti i moduli elencati. Ovviamente se +il target non ha una scheda di rete l'installatore non mostra questo elenco. + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Prompt for module parameters: Yes +--> + +Prompt per i parametri dei moduli: Sì + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Because no network card was detected/selected earlier, the installer will +ask you to select a network driver module from a list. +Select the <userinput>plip</userinput> module. +--> + +Poiché in precedenza non è stata rilevata/selezionata nessuna scheda di +rete, l'installatore chiede di scegliere il modulo con il driver di rete +da un elenco; scegliere il modulo <userinput>plip</userinput>. + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Additional parameters for module parport_pc: +<userinput><replaceable>io=0x378 irq=7</replaceable></userinput> +--> + +Ulteriori parametri da passare al modulo parport_pc: +<userinput><replaceable>io=0x378 irq=7</replaceable></userinput> + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Additional parameters for module plip: leave empty +--> + +Ulteriori parametri da passare al modulo parport_pc: lasciare vuoto + + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + +</listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<!-- +<guimenuitem>Configure the network</guimenuitem> +--> + +<guimenuitem>Configurazione della rete</guimenuitem> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Auto-configure network with DHCP: No +--> + +Configurazione automatica della rete con DHCP: No + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +IP address: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable></userinput> +--> + +Indirizzo IP: <userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable></userinput> + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Point-to-point address: +<userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable></userinput> +--> + +Indirizzo point-to-point: +<userinput><replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable></userinput> + + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +<!-- +Name server addresses: you can enter the same addresses used on +source (see <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>) +--> + +Indirizzi dei name server: si possono inserire gli stessi indirizzi usati +sul sorgente (si veda <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>) + + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/it/appendix/random-bits.xml b/it/appendix/random-bits.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f6f94e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/it/appendix/random-bits.xml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- original version: 29687 --> + +<appendix id="random-bits"> +<!--<title>Random Bits</title>--> +<title>Miscellanea</title> + +&example-preseed.xml; +&files.xml; +&chroot-install.xml; +&plip.xml; + +</appendix> |