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Diffstat (limited to 'en/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml')
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1 files changed, 39 insertions, 306 deletions
diff --git a/en/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml b/en/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml index 7e9872b9a..fddc947ae 100644 --- a/en/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml +++ b/en/preparing/bios-setup/i386.xml @@ -1,337 +1,70 @@ <!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> <!-- $Id$ --> -<!-- This section is heavily outdated. It only really describes - older BIOSes and not the current situation. Most of it is not - really relevant for AMD64, but a general description would be. - File should be renamed to x86.xml if a more general text is - written. --> - <sect2 arch="any-x86" id="bios-setup"><title>Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu</title> <para> -BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine to allow -your operating system to access your hardware. Your system probably +The BIOS provides the basic functions needed to boot your machine and +to allow your operating system to access your hardware. Your system provides a BIOS setup menu, which is used to configure the BIOS. -Before installing, you <emphasis>must</emphasis> ensure that your BIOS -is set up correctly; not doing so can lead to intermittent crashes or -an inability to install &debian;. - -</para><para> - -The rest of this section is lifted from the -<ulink url="&url-pc-hw-faq;"></ulink>, answering the question, <quote>How do I -enter the CMOS configuration menu?</quote>. How you access the BIOS (or -<quote>CMOS</quote>) configuration menu depends on who wrote your BIOS -software: - -</para> - -<!-- From: burnesa@cat.com (Shaun Burnet) --> -<variablelist> - -<varlistentry> - <term>AMI BIOS</term> - <listitem><para> - -<keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST (power on self test) - -</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> - <term>Award BIOS</term> - <listitem><para> - -<keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> -</keycombo>, or <keycap>Delete</keycap> key during the POST - -</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry><term>DTK BIOS</term> - <listitem><para> - -<keycap>Esc</keycap> key during the POST - -</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry><term>IBM PS/2 BIOS</term> - <listitem><para> - -<keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap> -</keycombo> -after -<keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Delete</keycap> -</keycombo> - -</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> - <term>Phoenix BIOS</term> - <listitem><para> - -<keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap> -</keycombo> -or -<keycombo> - <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>S</keycap> -</keycombo> -or -<keycap>F1</keycap> - -</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para> - -Information on invoking other BIOS routines can be found in -<ulink url="&url-invoking-bios-info;"></ulink>. - -</para><para> - -Some &arch-title; machines don't have a CMOS configuration menu in the -BIOS. They require a software CMOS setup program. If you don't have -the Installation and/or Diagnostics diskette for your machine, you can -try using a shareware/freeware program. Try looking in -<ulink url="&url-simtel;"></ulink>. +To enter the BIOS setup menu you have to press a key or key combination +after turning on the computer. Often it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> +or the <keycap>F2</keycap> key, but some manufacturers use other keys. +Usually upon starting the computer there will be a message +stating which key to press to enter the setup screen. </para> </sect2> - + <sect2 arch="any-x86" id="boot-dev-select"><title>Boot Device Selection</title> <para> -Many BIOS setup menus allow you to select the devices that will be -used to bootstrap the system. Set this to look for a bootable -operating system on <filename>A:</filename> (the first floppy disk), -then optionally the first CD-ROM device (possibly appearing as -<filename>D:</filename> or <filename>E:</filename>), and then from -<filename>C:</filename> (the first hard disk). This setting enables -you to boot from either a floppy disk or a CD-ROM, which are the two -most common boot devices used to install &debian;. +Within the BIOS setup menu, you can select which devices shall be +checked in which sequence for a bootable operating system. Possible choices +usually include the internal harddisks, the CD/DVD-ROM drive and USB mass storage +devices such as USB sticks or external USB harddisks. On modern systems there +is also often a possibility to enable network booting via PXE. </para><para> -If you have a newer SCSI controller and you have a CD-ROM device -attached to it, you are usually able to boot from the CD-ROM. All you -have to do is enable booting from a CD-ROM in the SCSI-BIOS of your -controller. +Depending on the installation media (CD/DVD ROM, USB stick, network boot) +you have chosen you should enable the appropriate boot devices if they +are not already enabled. </para><para> -Another popular option is to boot from a USB storage device (also called -a USB memory stick or USB key). Some BIOSes can boot directly from a USB -storage device, but some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot -from a <quote>Removable drive</quote> or even from <quote>USB-ZIP</quote> to -get it to boot from the USB device. - -</para><para> - -Here are some details about how to set the boot order. Remember to -reset the boot order after &arch-kernel; is installed, so that you restart -your machine from the hard drive. - -</para> - - <sect3 id="ctbooi"> - <title>Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers</title> - -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - -As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the BIOS -utility. Often, it is the <keycap>Delete</keycap> key. However, -consult the hardware documentation for the exact keystrokes. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Find the boot sequence in the setup utility. Its location depends on -your BIOS, but you are looking for a field that lists drives. - -</para><para> - - -Common entries on IDE machines are C, A, cdrom or A, C, cdrom. - -</para><para> - - -C is the hard drive, and A is the floppy drive. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Change the boot sequence setting so that the CD-ROM or the -floppy is first. Usually, the <keycap>Page Up</keycap> or -<keycap>Page Down</keycap> keys cycle -through the possible choices. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to -save the changes on your computer. - -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - </sect3> - - <sect3 id="ctboos"> - <title>Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers</title> -<para> - -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - -As your computer starts, press the keys to enter the SCSI setup -utility. +Most BIOS versions allow to call up a boot menu on system startup in +which you select from which device the computer should start for the +current session. If this option is available, the BIOS usually displays +a short message like "press <keycap>F12</keycap> for boot menu" on system startup. +The actual key used to select this menu varies from system to system; +commonly used keys are <keycap>F12</keycap>, <keycap>F11</keycap> and +<keycap>F8</keycap>. Choosing a device from this menu does not change +the default boot order of the BIOS, i.e. you can start once from a +USB stick while having configured the internal harddisk as the normal +primary boot device. </para><para> -You can start the SCSI setup utility after the memory check and -the message about how to start the BIOS utility displays when you -start your computer. +If your BIOS does not provide you with a boot menu to do ad-hoc choices +of the current boot device, you have to change your BIOS setup to make +the device from which the &d-i; shall be booted the primary boot device. </para><para> -The keystrokes you need depend on the utility. Often, it is -<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>. -However, consult your hardware documentation for the -exact keystrokes. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Find the utility for changing the boot order. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Set the utility so that the SCSI ID of the CD drive is first on -the list. - -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - -Save your changes. Instructions on the screen tell you how to -save the changes on your computer. Often, you must press -<keycap>F10</keycap>. - -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> +Unfortunately some computers contain buggy BIOS versions. Booting &d-i; from +a USB stick might not work even if there is an appropriate option in the +BIOS setup menu and the stick is selected as the primary boot device. On +some of these systems using a USB stick as boot medium is impossible; others +can be tricked into booting from the stick by changing the device type in +the BIOS setup from the default "USB harddisk" or "USB stick" to "USB ZIP" +or "USB CDROM". In particular if you use an isohybrid CD/DVD image on a USB stick +(see <xref linkend="usb-copy-isohybrid"/>), changing the device type to +"USB CDROM" helps on some BIOSes which will not boot from a USB stick in +USB harddisk mode. </para> - </sect3> </sect2> - <sect2 arch="any-x86"> - <title>Miscellaneous BIOS Settings</title> - - <sect3 id="cd-settings"><title>CD-ROM Settings</title> -<para> - -Some BIOS systems (such as Award BIOS) allow you to automatically set -the CD speed. You should avoid that, and instead set it to, say, the -lowest speed. If you get <userinput>seek failed</userinput> error -messages, this may be your problem. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3><title>Extended vs. Expanded Memory</title> -<para> - -If your system provides both ex<emphasis>ten</emphasis>ded and -ex<emphasis>pan</emphasis>ded memory, set it so that there is as much -extended and as little expanded memory as possible. &arch-kernel; requires -extended memory and cannot use expanded memory. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3><title>Virus Protection</title> -<para> - -Disable any virus-warning features your BIOS may provide. If you have -a virus-protection board or other special hardware, make sure it is -disabled or physically removed while running GNU/&arch-kernel;. These aren't -compatible with GNU/&arch-kernel;; moreover, due to the file system -permissions and protected memory of the &arch-kernel; kernel, viruses are -almost unheard of<footnote> -<para> - -After installation you can enable Boot Sector protection if you -want. This offers no additional security in &arch-kernel; but if you also run -Windows it may prevent a catastrophe. There is no need to tamper with -the Master Boot Record (MBR) after the boot manager has been set up. - -</para> -</footnote>. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3><title>Shadow RAM</title> -<para> - -Your motherboard may provide <emphasis>shadow RAM</emphasis> or BIOS -caching. You may see settings for <quote>Video BIOS Shadow</quote>, -<quote>C800-CBFF Shadow</quote>, etc. <emphasis>Disable</emphasis> -all shadow RAM. Shadow -RAM is used to accelerate access to the ROMs on your motherboard and -on some of the controller cards. &arch-kernel; does not use these ROMs once it -has booted because it provides its own faster 32-bit software in place -of the 16-bit programs in the ROMs. Disabling the shadow RAM may make -some of it available for programs to use as normal memory. Leaving -the shadow RAM enabled may interfere with &arch-kernel; access to hardware -devices. - -</para> - </sect3> - - <sect3><title>Memory Hole</title> -<para> - -If your BIOS offers something like <quote>15–16 MB Memory -Hole</quote>, please disable that. &arch-kernel; expects to find memory there if -you have that much RAM. - -</para><para> - -We have a report of an Intel Endeavor motherboard on which there is an -option called <quote>LFB</quote> or <quote>Linear Frame Buffer</quote>. -This had two settings: <quote>Disabled</quote> and <quote>1 -Megabyte</quote>. Set it to <quote>1 Megabyte</quote>. -When disabled, the installation floppy was not read correctly, and the -system eventually crashed. At this writing we don't understand what's -going on with this particular device — it just worked with that -setting and not without it. - -</para> - </sect3> - -<!-- no other platforms other than x86 provide this sort of thing, AFAIK --> - - <sect3><title>Advanced Power Management</title> -<para> - -If your motherboard provides Advanced Power Management (APM), -configure it so that power management is controlled by APM. Disable -the doze, standby, suspend, nap, and sleep modes, and disable the hard -disk's power-down timer. &arch-kernel; can take over control of these modes, -and can do a better job of power-management than the BIOS. - -</para> - </sect3> - </sect2> |