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Diffstat (limited to 'en/install-methods')
21 files changed, 1851 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/en/install-methods/automatic-install.xml b/en/install-methods/automatic-install.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4000f2aea --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/automatic-install.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 id="automatic-install"> + <title>Automatic Installation</title> +<para> + +For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully +automatic installations. Debian packages intended for this include +<classname>fai</classname> (which uses an install server), +<classname>replicator</classname>, +<classname>systemimager</classname>, +<classname>autoinstall</classname>, and +the Debian Installer itself. + +</para> + + <sect2 id="preseed"> + <title>Automatic Installation Using the Debian Installer</title> +<para> + +The Debian Installer supports automating installs via preconfiguration +files. A preconfiguration file can be loaded from the network or from +removable media, and used to fill in answers to question asked during the +installation process. + +</para><para> + +Although most dialogs used by &d-i; can be preseeded using this method, +there are some notable exceptions. You can (re)partition an entire disk +or use available free space on a disk; it is not possible to use existing +partitions. You currently cannot use preseeding to set up RAID and LVM. +<phrase condition="sarge">Also, with the exception of network driver modules, +it is not possible to preconfigure kernel module parameters.</phrase> + +</para><para> + +The preconfiguration file is in the format used by the +debconf-set-selections command. A well documented and working example that +you can edit is in <xref linkend="example-preseed"/>. + +</para><para> + +Alternatively, one way to get a complete file listing +all the values that can be preseeded is to do a manual install, +and then use <filename>debconf-get-selections</filename>, +from the <classname>debconf-utils</classname> package, +to dump both the debconf database and the cdebconf +database in /var/log/debian-installer/cdebconf to a single file: + +<informalexample><screen> +$ debconf-get-selections --installer > <replaceable>file</replaceable> +$ debconf-get-selections >> <replaceable>file</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +However, a file generated in this manner will have some items that should +not be preseeded, and the file in <xref linkend="example-preseed"/> is a +better starting place for most users. + +</para><para> + +Once you have a preconfiguration file, you can edit it if necessary, and +place it on a web server, or copy it onto the installer's boot media. Wherever +you place the file, you need to pass a parameter to the installer at boot +time to tell it to use the file. + +</para><para> + +To make the installer use a preconfiguration file downloaded from the +network, add preseed/url=http://url/to/preseed.cfg to the kernel boot +parameters. Of course the preconfiguration will not take effect until the +installer manages to set up the network to download the file, so this is +most useful if the installer can set up the network via DHCP without asking +any questions. You may want to set the installation priority to critical to +avoid any questions while the network is being configured. See +<xref linkend="installer-args"/>. + +</para><para> + +To place a preconfiguration file on a CD, you would need to remaster the +ISO image to include your preconfiguration file. See the manual page for +mkisofs for details. Alternatively, put the preseed file on a floppy, and +use preseed/file=/floppy/preseed.cfg + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +If you'll be booting from a USB memory stick, then you can simply copy your +preconfiguration file onto the memory stick's filesystem, and edit the +syslinux.cfg file to add preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg to the kernel boot +parameters. + +</para> + + <sect3 condition="etch"> + <title>Using Preseeding to Change Default Values</title> +<para> + +It is also possible to use preseeding to change the default answer for a +question, but still have the question asked. To do this the +<firstterm>seen</firstterm> flag must be reset to <quote>false</quote> after +setting the value for a template. + +<informalexample><screen> +d-i foo/bar string value +d-i foo/bar seen false +</screen></informalexample> + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/boot-drive-files.xml b/en/install-methods/boot-drive-files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acde0cb56 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/boot-drive-files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 condition="bootable-disk" id="boot-drive-files"> + <title>Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting</title> +<para> + +The installer may be booted using boot files placed on an +existing hard drive partition, either launched from another operating +system or by invoking a boot loader directly from the BIOS. + +</para><para> + +A full, <quote>pure network</quote> installation can be achieved using this +technique. This avoids all hassles of removable media, like finding +and burning CD images or struggling with too numerous and +unreliable floppy disks. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +The installer cannot boot from files on an NTFS file system. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +The installer cannot boot from files on an HFS+ file system. MacOS +System 8.1 and above may use HFS+ file systems; NewWorld PowerMacs all +use HFS+. To determine whether your existing file system is HFS+, +select <userinput>Get Info</userinput> for the volume in question. HFS +file systems appear as <userinput>Mac OS Standard</userinput>, while +HFS+ file systems say <userinput>Mac OS Extended</userinput>. You must +have an HFS partition in order to exchange files between MacOS and +Linux, in particular the installation files you download. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Different programs are used for hard disk installation system booting, +depending on whether the system is a <quote>NewWorld</quote> or an +<quote>OldWorld</quote> model. + +</para> + + <sect2 arch="i386" id="files-lilo"> + <title>Hard disk installer booting using <command>LILO</command> or + <command>GRUB</command></title> +<para> + +This section explains how to add to or even replace an existing linux +installation using either <command>LILO</command> or +<command>GRUB</command>. + +</para><para> + +At boot time, both bootloaders support loading in memory not +only the kernel, but also a disk image. This RAM disk can be used as +the root file-system by the kernel. + +</para><para> + +Copy the following files from the Debian archives to a +convenient location on your hard drive, for instance to +<filename>/boot/newinstall/</filename>. + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>vmlinuz</filename> (kernel binary) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (ramdisk image) + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para><para> + +Finally, to configure the bootloader proceed to +<xref linkend="boot-initrd"/>. + +</para> + </sect2> + + + <sect2 arch="powerpc" id="files-oldworld"> + <title>Hard Disk Installer Booting for OldWorld Macs</title> +<para> + +The <filename>boot-floppy-hfs</filename> floppy uses +<application>miBoot</application> to launch Linux installation, but +<application>miBoot</application> cannot easily be used for hard disk +booting. <application>BootX</application>, launched from MacOS, +supports booting from files placed on the hard +disk. <application>BootX</application> can also be used to dual-boot +MacOS and Linux after your Debian installation is complete. For the +Performa 6360, it appears that <command>quik</command> cannot make the +hard disk bootable. So <application>BootX</application> is required +on that model. + +</para><para> + +Download and unstuff the <application>BootX</application> +distribution, available from <ulink url="&url-powerpc-bootx;"></ulink>, +or in the +<filename>dists/woody/main/disks-powerpc/current/powermac</filename> +directory on Debian http/ftp mirrors and official Debian CDs. Use +<application>Stuffit Expander</application> to extract it from its +archive. Within the package, there is an empty folder called +<filename>Linux Kernels</filename>. Download +<filename>linux.bin</filename> and +<filename>ramdisk.image.gz</filename> from the +<filename>disks-powerpc/current/powermac</filename> folder, and place +them in the <filename>Linux Kernels</filename> folder. Then place the +<filename>Linux Kernels</filename> folder in the active System Folder. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="powerpc" id="files-newworld"> + <title>Hard Disk Installer Booting for NewWorld Macs</title> +<para> + +NewWorld PowerMacs support booting from a network or an ISO9660 +CD-ROM, as well as loading ELF binaries directly from the hard +disk. These machines will boot Linux directly via +<command>yaboot</command>, which supports loading a kernel and RAMdisk +directly from an ext2 partition, as well as dual-booting with +MacOS. Hard disk booting of the installer is particularly appropriate +for newer machines without floppy drives. <command>BootX</command> is +not supported and must not be used on NewWorld PowerMacs. + +</para><para> + +<emphasis>Copy</emphasis> (not move) the following four files which +you downloaded earlier from the Debian archives, onto the root level +of your hard drive (this can be accomplished by +<keycap>option</keycap>-dragging each file to the hard drive icon). + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>vmlinux</filename> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>initrd.gz</filename> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>yaboot</filename> + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para><para> + +Make a note of the partition number of the MacOS partition where you +place these files. If you have the MacOS <command>pdisk</command> +program, you can use the L command to check for the partition +number. You will need this partition number for the command you type +at the Open Firmware prompt when you boot the installer. + +</para><para> + +To boot the installer, proceed to <xref linkend="boot-newworld"/>. + +</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/boot-usb-files.xml b/en/install-methods/boot-usb-files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e80e0f6e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/boot-usb-files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 condition="bootable-usb" id="boot-usb-files"> + <title>Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting</title> + +<para> + +For preparing the USB stick you will need a system where GNU/Linux is +already running and where USB is supported. You should ensure that the +usb-storage kernel module is loaded (<userinput>modprobe +usb-storage</userinput>) and try to find out which SCSI device the USB +stick has been mapped to (in this example +<filename>/dev/sda</filename> is used). To write to your stick, you +will probably have to turn off its write protection switch. + +</para><para> + +Note, that the USB stick should be at least 128 MB in size (smaller +setups are possible if you follow <xref linkend="usb-copy-flexible"/>). + +</para> + + <sect2 id="usb-copy-easy"> + <title>Copying the files — the easy way</title> +<para arch="i386"> + +There is an all-in-one file <filename>hd-media/boot.img.gz</filename> +which contains all the installer files (including the kernel) as well +as <command>SYSLINUX</command> and its configuration file. You only +have to extract it directly to your USB stick: + +<informalexample><screen> +# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/<replaceable>sda</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +Of course this will destroy anything already on the device, so take +care that you use the correct device name for your USB stick. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +There is an all-in-one file <filename>hd-media/boot.img.gz</filename> +which contains all the installer files (including the kernel) as well +as <command>yaboot</command> and its configuration file. Create a +partition of type "Apple_Bootstrap" on your USB stick using +<command>mac-fdisk</command>'s <userinput>C</userinput> command and +extract the image directly to that: + +<informalexample><screen> +# zcat boot.img.gz > /dev/<replaceable>sda2</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +Of course this will destroy anything already on the device, so take +care that you use the correct device name for your USB stick. + +</para><para> + +After that, mount the USB memory stick (<userinput>mount +<replaceable arch="i386">/dev/sda</replaceable> +<replaceable arch="powerpc">/dev/sda2</replaceable> +/mnt</userinput>), which will now have +<phrase arch="i386">a FAT filesystem</phrase> +<phrase arch="powerpc">an HFS filesystem</phrase> +on it, and copy a Debian netinst or businesscard ISO image to it. +Please note that the file name must end in <filename>.iso</filename>. +Unmount the stick (<userinput>umount /mnt</userinput>) and you are done. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="usb-copy-flexible"> + <title>Copying the files — the flexible way</title> +<para> + +If you like more flexibility or just want to know what's going on, you +should use the following method to put the files on your stick. + +</para> + +&usb-setup-i386.xml; +&usb-setup-powerpc.xml; + + <sect3> + <title>Adding an ISO image</title> +<para> + +Now you should put any Debian ISO image (businesscard, netinst or even +a full one) onto your stick (if it fits). The file name of such an +image must end in <filename>.iso</filename>. + +</para><para> + +If you want to install over the network, without using an ISO image, +you will of course skip the previous step. Moreover you will have to +use the initial ramdisk from the <filename>netboot</filename> +directory instead of the one from <filename>hd-media</filename>, +because <filename>hd-media/initrd.gz</filename> does not have network +support. + +</para><para> + +When you are done, unmount the USB memory stick (<userinput>umount +/mnt</userinput>) and activate its write protection switch. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <!-- TODO: doesn't this section belong later? --> + <sect3 arch="i386"> + <title>Booting the USB stick</title> +<warning><para> + +If your system refuses to boot from the memory stick, the stick may +contain an invalid master boot record (MBR). To fix this, use the +<command>install-mbr</command> command from the package +<classname>mbr</classname>: + +<informalexample><screen> +# install-mbr /dev/<replaceable>sda</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +</para></warning> + </sect3> + </sect2> + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/create-floppy.xml b/en/install-methods/create-floppy.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..433c91697 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/create-floppy.xml @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 condition="supports-floppy-boot" id="create-floppy"> + <title>Creating Floppies from Disk Images</title> +<para> + +Bootable floppy disks are generally used as a last resort to boot the +installer on hardware that cannot boot from CD or by other means. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +Floppy disk booting reportedly fails on Mac USB floppy drives. + +</para><para arch="m68k"> + +Floppy disk booting is not supported on Amigas or +68k Macs. + +</para><para> + +Disk images are files containing the complete contents of a floppy +disk in <emphasis>raw</emphasis> form. Disk images, such as +<filename>boot.img</filename>, cannot simply be copied to floppy +drives. A special program is used to write the image files to floppy +disk in <emphasis>raw</emphasis> mode. This is required because these +images are raw representations of the disk; it is required to do a +<emphasis>sector copy</emphasis> of the data from the file onto the +floppy. + +</para><para> + +There are different techniques for creating floppies from disk images, +which depend on your platform. This section describes how to create +floppies from disk images on different platforms. + +</para><para> + +No matter which method you use to create your floppies, you should +remember to flip the write-protect tab on the floppies once you have +written them, to ensure they are not damaged unintentionally. + +</para> + + <sect2><title>Writing Disk Images From a Linux or Unix System</title> +<para> + +To write the floppy disk image files to the floppy disks, you will +probably need root access to the system. Place a good, blank floppy +in the floppy drive. Next, use the command + +<informalexample><screen> +$ dd if=<replaceable>filename</replaceable> of=/dev/fd0 bs=1024 conv=sync ; sync +</screen></informalexample> + +where <replaceable>filename</replaceable> is one of the floppy disk image +files (see <xref linkend="downloading-files"/> for what +<replaceable>filename</replaceable> should be). +<filename>/dev/fd0</filename> is a commonly used name of the floppy +disk device, it may be different on your workstation +<phrase arch="sparc">(on Solaris, it is +<filename>/dev/fd/0</filename>)</phrase>. +The command may return to the +prompt before Unix has finished writing the floppy disk, so look for +the disk-in-use light on the floppy drive and be sure that the light +is out and the disk has stopped revolving before you remove it from +the drive. On some systems, you'll have to run a command to eject the +floppy from the drive +<phrase arch="sparc">(on Solaris, use <command>eject</command>, see +the manual page)</phrase>. + +</para><para> + +Some systems attempt to automatically mount a floppy disk when you +place it in the drive. You might have to disable this feature before +the workstation will allow you to write a floppy in <emphasis>raw +mode</emphasis>. Unfortunately, how to accomplish this will vary +based on your operating system. +<phrase arch="sparc"> +On Solaris, you can work around +volume management to get raw access to the floppy. First, make sure +that the floppy is auto-mounted (using <command>volcheck</command> or +the equivalent command in the file manager). Then use a +<command>dd</command> command of the form given above, just replace +<filename>/dev/fd0</filename> with +<filename>/vol/rdsk/<replaceable>floppy_name</replaceable></filename>, +where <replaceable>floppy_name</replaceable> is the name the floppy +disk was given when it was formatted (unnamed floppies default to the +name <filename>unnamed_floppy</filename>). On other systems, ask your +system administrator. +</phrase> + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +If writing a floppy on powerpc Linux, you will need to eject it. The +<command>eject</command> program handles this nicely; you might need +to install it. + +</para> + + </sect2> + +&floppy-i386.xml; <!-- can be used for other arches --> +&floppy-m68k.xml; +&floppy-powerpc.xml; + + </sect1> + diff --git a/en/install-methods/download/alpha.xml b/en/install-methods/download/alpha.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..280187987 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/download/alpha.xml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect3 arch="alpha"><title>Alpha Installation Files</title> +<para> + +If you choose to boot from ARC console firmware using +<command>MILO</command>, you will also need to prepare a disk +containing <command>MILO</command> and <command>LINLOAD.EXE</command> +from the provided disk images. See <xref linkend="alpha-firmware"/> +for more information on Alpha +firmware and boot loaders. The floppy images can be found in the +<filename>MILO</filename> directory as +<filename>milo_<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>.bin</filename>. + +</para><para> + +Unfortunately, these <command>MILO</command> images could not be +tested and might not work for all subarchitectures. If you find it +doesn't work for you, try copying the appropriate +<command>MILO</command> binary onto the floppy +(<ulink url="&disturlftp;main/disks-alpha/current/MILO/"></ulink>). +Note that those <command>MILO</command>s don't support ext2 <quote>sparse +superblocks</quote>, so you can't use them to load kernels from newly +generated ext2 file systems. As a workaround, you can put your kernel +onto the FAT partition next to the <command>MILO</command>. + +</para><para> + +<command>MILO</command> binaries are platform-specific. See +<xref linkend="alpha-cpus"/> to determine the appropriate +<command>MILO</command> image for your Alpha platform. + +</para> + </sect3> diff --git a/en/install-methods/download/arm.xml b/en/install-methods/download/arm.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69619a91d --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/download/arm.xml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect3 arch="arm" id="riscpc-install-files"> + <title>RiscPC Installation Files</title> +<para> + +The RiscPC installer is booted initially from RISC OS. All the +necessary files are provided in one Zip archive, &rpc-install-kit;. +Download this file onto the RISC OS machine, copy the +<filename>linloader.!Boot</filename> components into place, and run +<filename>!dInstall</filename>. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="arm" id="netwinder-install-files"> + <title>NetWinder Installation Files</title> +<para> + +The easiest way to boot a NetWinder is over the network, using the +supplied TFTP image &netwinder-boot-img;. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="arm" id="cats-install-files"> + <title>CATS Installation Files</title> +<para> + +The only supported boot method for CATS is to use the combined image +&cats-boot-img;. This can be loaded from any device accessible to the +Cyclone bootloader. + +</para> + </sect3> diff --git a/en/install-methods/download/m68k.xml b/en/install-methods/download/m68k.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a89b62076 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/download/m68k.xml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect3 arch="m68k" id="kernel-22"> + <title>Choosing a Kernel</title> + +<para> + +Some m68k subarchs have a choice of kernels to install. In general we +recommend trying the most recent version first. If your subarch or +machine needs to use a 2.2.x kernel, make sure you choose one of the +images that supports 2.2.x kernels (see the <ulink +url="&disturl;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images/MANIFEST">MANIFEST</ulink>). + +</para> +<para> + +All of the m68k images for use with 2.2.x kernels, require the kernel +parameter &ramdisksize;. + +</para> + </sect3> diff --git a/en/install-methods/download/powerpc.xml b/en/install-methods/download/powerpc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e4f4e486 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/download/powerpc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + +<!-- commented out as it seems out of date and the links are broken + + <sect3 arch="powerpc" id="newworld-install-files"> + <title>NewWorld MacOS Installation Files </title> +<para> + +For floppy-less installation on NewWorld Macs, it may be most +convenient to obtain all the necessary files packaged into one Stuffit +archive from +<ulink url="&url-powerpc-of;"></ulink> (separate instructions are +included in the archive). Otherwise, obtain the normal installation +files listed above. Retrieve the files to an HFS (not HFS+) partition +on your system. You will also need the <filename>yaboot</filename> and +<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> files from the +<ulink url="&downloadable-file;new-powermac/">new-powermac</ulink> or +<ulink url="&downloadable-file;powermac/">powermac</ulink> archive folder. +However, the newest G4 PowerMacs, and those that work without MacOS 9, +need the newest version of <command>yaboot</command>; the one in the +archive will not work. Obtain the newest version from +<ulink url="http://penguinppc.org/projects/yaboot/"></ulink>. + +</para> + </sect3> + +--> diff --git a/en/install-methods/downloading-files.xml b/en/install-methods/downloading-files.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..295697a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/downloading-files.xml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 id="downloading-files"> + <title>Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors</title> + +<para> + +To find the nearest (and thus probably the fastest) mirror, see the +<ulink url="&url-debian-mirrors;">list of Debian mirrors</ulink>. + +</para><para> + +When downloading files from a Debian mirror, be sure to download the +files in <emphasis>binary</emphasis> mode, not text or automatic +mode. + +</para> + + <sect2 id="where-files"> + <title>Where to Find Installation Images</title> + +<para> +The installation images are located on each Debian mirror in the directory +<ulink url="&url-debian-installer;/images">debian/dists/&releasename;/main/installer-&architecture;/current/images/</ulink> +— the <ulink url="&url-debian-installer;/images/MANIFEST">MANIFEST</ulink> +lists each image and its purpose. +</para> + +&download-alpha.xml; +&download-arm.xml; +&download-powerpc.xml; +&download-m68k.xml; + + </sect2> + + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/floppy/i386.xml b/en/install-methods/floppy/i386.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa2f1cd81 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/floppy/i386.xml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + +<!-- This is not set off for i386 only, because many people will have --> +<!-- access to a PC in order to make a floppy for other arches. --> + + <sect2><title>Writing Disk Images From DOS, Windows, or OS/2</title> + +<para> + +If you have access to an i386 machine, you can use one of the +following programs to copy images to floppies. + +</para><para> + +The <command>rawrite1</command> and <command>rawrite2</command> programs +can be used under MS-DOS. To use these programs, first make sure that you +are booted into DOS. Trying to use these programs from within a DOS box in +Windows, or double-clicking on these programs from the Windows Explorer is +<emphasis>not</emphasis> expected to work. + +</para><para> + +The <command>rwwrtwin</command> program runs on Windows 95, NT, 98, 2000, +ME, XP and probably later versions. To use it you will need to unpack +diskio.dll in the same directory. + +</para><para> + +These tools can be found on the Official Debian CD-ROMs under the +<filename>/tools</filename> directory. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/floppy/m68k.xml b/en/install-methods/floppy/m68k.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b9f42e14 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/floppy/m68k.xml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Writing Disk Images on Atari Systems</title> +<para> + +You'll find the &rawwrite.ttp; program in the same directory as the +floppy disk images. Start the program by double clicking on the +program icon, and type in the name of the floppy image file you want +written to the floppy at the TOS program command line dialog box. + +</para> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Writing Disk Images on Macintosh Systems</title> +<para> + +There is no MacOS application to write images to floppy disks +(and there would be no point in doing this as you can't use these +floppies to boot the installation system or install kernel and modules +from on Macintosh). However, these files are needed for the +installation of the operating system and modules, later in the +process. + +</para> + + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/floppy/powerpc.xml b/en/install-methods/floppy/powerpc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4c272647 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/floppy/powerpc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect2 arch="powerpc"><title>Writing Disk Images From MacOS</title> +<para> + +An AppleScript, <application>Make Debian Floppy</application>, is +available for burning floppies from the provided disk image files. It +can be downloaded from +<ulink url="ftp://ftp2.sourceforge.net/pub/sourceforge/d/de/debian-imac/MakeDebianFloppy.sit"></ulink>. To +use it, just unstuff it on your desktop, and then drag any floppy +image file to it. You must have Applescript installed and enabled in +your extensions manager. Disk Copy will ask you to confirm that you +wish to erase the floppy and proceed to write the file image to it. + +</para><para> + +You can also use the MacOS utility <command>Disk Copy</command> +directly, or the freeware utility <command>suntar</command>. The +<filename>root.bin</filename> file is an example of a floppy +image. Use one of the following methods to create a floppy from the +floppy image with these utilities. + +</para> + + <sect3> + <title>Writing Disk Images with <command>Disk Copy</command></title> +<para> + +If you are creating the floppy image from files which were originally +on the official &debian; CD, then the Type and Creator are already set +correctly. The following <command>Creator-Changer</command> steps are +only necessary if you downloaded the image files from a Debian mirror. + +</para> +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Obtain +<ulink url="&url-powerpc-creator-changer;">Creator-Changer</ulink> +and use it to open the <filename>root.bin</filename> file. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Change the Creator to <userinput>ddsk</userinput> (Disk Copy), and the +Type to <userinput>DDim</userinput> (binary floppy image). The case is +sensitive for these fields. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<emphasis>Important:</emphasis> In the Finder, use <userinput>Get +Info</userinput> to display the Finder information about the floppy +image, and <quote>X</quote> the <userinput>File Locked</userinput> check box so +that MacOS will be unable to remove the boot blocks if the image is +accidentally mounted. + +</para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + +Obtain <command>Disk Copy</command>; if you have a MacOS system or CD it +will very likely be there already, otherwise try +<ulink url="&url-powerpc-diskcopy;"></ulink>. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Run <command>Disk Copy</command>, and select <menuchoice> +<guimenu>Utilities</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Make a Floppy</guimenuitem> +</menuchoice>, then select the +<emphasis>locked</emphasis> image file from the resulting dialog. It +will ask you to insert a floppy, then ask if you really want to erase +it. When done it should eject the floppy. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Writing Disk Images with <command>suntar</command></title> +<para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Obtain <command>suntar</command> from <ulink url="&url-powerpc-suntar;"> +</ulink>. Start the <command>suntar</command> program and select +<quote>Overwrite Sectors...</quote> from the <userinput>Special</userinput> +menu. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Insert the floppy disk as requested, then hit &enterkey; (start at +sector 0). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Select the <filename>root.bin</filename> file in the file-opening dialog. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +After the floppy has been created successfully, select <menuchoice> +<guimenu>File</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Eject</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. +If there are any errors writing the floppy, simply toss that floppy and +try another. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +Before using the floppy you created, <emphasis>set the write protect +tab</emphasis>! Otherwise if you accidentally mount it in MacOS, +MacOS will helpfully ruin it. + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/install-methods.xml b/en/install-methods/install-methods.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47ff9c1bc --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/install-methods.xml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + +<chapter id="install-methods"> + <title>Obtaining System Installation Media</title> + +&official-cdrom.xml; +&downloading-files.xml; +&ipl-tape.xml; +&create-floppy.xml; +&boot-usb-files.xml; +&boot-drive-files.xml; +&install-tftp.xml; +&automatic-install.xml; + +</chapter> diff --git a/en/install-methods/install-tftp.xml b/en/install-methods/install-tftp.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bfe2f744 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/install-tftp.xml @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 condition="supports-tftp" id="install-tftp"> + <title>Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting</title> +<para> + +If your machine is connected to a local area network, you may be able +to boot it over the network from another machine, using TFTP. If you +intend to boot the installation system from another machine, the +boot files will need to be placed in specific locations on that machine, +and the machine configured to support booting of your specific machine. + +</para><para> + +You need to setup a TFTP server, and for many machines, a BOOTP server +<phrase condition="supports-rarp">, or RARP server</phrase> +<phrase condition="supports-dhcp">, or DHCP server</phrase>. + +</para><para> + +<phrase condition="supports-rarp">The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is +one way to tell your client what IP address to use for itself. Another +way is to use the BOOTP protocol. </phrase> + +<phrase condition="supports-bootp">BOOTP is an IP protocol that +informs a computer of its IP address and where on the network to obtain +a boot image. </phrase> + +<phrase arch="m68k"> Yet another alternative exists on VMEbus +systems: the IP address can be manually configured in boot ROM. </phrase> + +<phrase condition="supports-dhcp">The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration +Protocol) is a more flexible, backwards-compatible extension of BOOTP. +Some systems can only be configured via DHCP. </phrase> + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +For PowerPC, if you have a NewWorld Power Macintosh machine, it is a +good idea to use DHCP instead of BOOTP. Some of the latest machines +are unable to boot using BOOTP. + +</para><para arch="alpha"> + +Unlike the Open Firmware found on Sparc and PowerPC machines, the SRM +console will <emphasis>not</emphasis> use RARP to obtain its IP +address, and therefore you must use BOOTP for net booting your +Alpha<footnote> + +<para> +Alpha systems can also be net-booted using the DECNet MOP (Maintenance +Operations Protocol), but this is not covered here. Presumably, your +local OpenVMS operator will be happy to assist you should you have +some burning need to use MOP to boot Linux on your Alpha. +</para> + +</footnote>. You can also enter the IP configuration for network +interfaces directly in the SRM console. + +</para><para arch="hppa"> + +Some older HPPA machines (e.g. 715/75) use RBOOTD rather than BOOTP. +There is an <classname>rbootd</classname> package available in Debian. + +</para><para> + +The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used to serve the boot +image to the client. Theoretically, any server, on any platform, +which implements these protocols, may be used. In the examples in +this section, we shall provide commands for SunOS 4.x, SunOS 5.x +(a.k.a. Solaris), and GNU/Linux. + +<note arch="i386"><para> + +To use the Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP +booting, you will need a TFTP server with <userinput>tsize</userinput> +support. On a &debian; server, the <classname>atftpd</classname> and +<classname>tftpd-hpa</classname> packages qualify; we recommend +<classname>tftpd-hpa</classname>. + +</para></note> + +</para> + +&tftp-rarp.xml; +&tftp-bootp.xml; +&tftp-dhcp.xml; + + <sect2 id="tftpd"> + <title>Enabling the TFTP Server</title> +<para> + +To get the TFTP server ready to go, you should first make sure that +<command>tftpd</command> is enabled. This is usually enabled by having +something like the following line in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd /tftpboot +</screen></informalexample> + +Debian packages will in general set this up correctly by default when they +are installed. + +</para><para> + +Look in that file and remember the directory which is used as the +argument of <command>in.tftpd</command>; you'll need that below. The +<userinput>-l</userinput> argument enables some versions of +<command>in.tftpd</command> to log all requests to the system logs; +this is useful for diagnosing boot errors. If you've had to change +<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>, you'll have to notify the +running <command>inetd</command> process that the file has changed. +On a Debian machine, run <userinput>/etc/init.d/inetd +reload</userinput>; on other machines, +find out the process ID for <command>inetd</command>, and run +<userinput>kill -HUP <replaceable>inetd-pid</replaceable></userinput>. + +</para><para arch="mips"> + +If you intend to install Debian on an SGI machine and your TFTP server is a +GNU/Linux box running Linux 2.4, you'll need to set the following on your +server: + +<informalexample><screen> +# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_no_pmtu_disc +</screen></informalexample> + +to turn off Path MTU discovery, otherwise the Indy's PROM can't +download the kernel. Furthermore, make sure TFTP packets are sent from +a source port no greater than 32767, or the download will stall after +the first packet. Again, it's Linux 2.4.X tripping this bug in the +PROM, and you can avoid it by setting + +<informalexample><screen> +# echo "2048 32767" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range +</screen></informalexample> + +to adjust the range of source ports the Linux TFTP server uses. + +</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="tftp-images"> + <title>Move TFTP Images Into Place</title> +<para> + +Next, place the TFTP boot image you need, as found in +<xref linkend="where-files"/>, in the <command>tftpd</command> +boot image directory. Generally, this directory will be +<filename>/tftpboot</filename>. You'll have to make a link from that +file to the file which <command>tftpd</command> will use for booting a +particular client. Unfortunately, the file name is determined by the +TFTP client, and there are no strong standards. + +</para><para arch="powerpc"> + +On NewWorld Power Macintosh machines, you will need to set up the +<command>yaboot</command> boot loader as the TFTP boot image. +<command>Yaboot</command> will then retrieve the kernel and RAMdisk +images via TFTP itself. For net booting, use the +<filename>yaboot-netboot.conf</filename>. Just rename this to +<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> in the TFTP directory. + +</para><para arch="i386"> + +For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the +<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this +tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure +your dhcp server is configured to pass <filename>/pxelinux.0</filename> +to <command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot. + +</para><para arch="ia64"> + +For PXE booting, everything you should need is set up in the +<filename>netboot/netboot.tar.gz</filename> tarball. Simply extract this +tarball into the <command>tftpd</command> boot image directory. Make sure +your dhcp server is configured to pass +<filename>/debian-installer/ia64/elilo.efi</filename> +to <command>tftpd</command> as the filename to boot. + +</para> + + <sect3 arch="mipsel"> + <title>DECstation TFTP Images</title> +<para> + +For DECstations, there are tftpimage files for each subarchitecture, +which contain both kernel and installer in one file. The naming +convention is <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>/netboot-boot.img. +Copy the tftpimage file you would like to use to +<userinput>/tftpboot/tftpboot.img</userinput> if you work with the +example BOOTP/DHCP setups described above. + +</para><para> + +The DECstation firmware boots by TFTP with the command <userinput>boot +<replaceable>#</replaceable>/tftp</userinput>, where +<replaceable>#</replaceable> is the number of the TurboChannel device +from which to boot. On most DECstations this is <quote>3</quote>. If the +BOOTP/DHCP server does not supply the filename or you need to pass +additional parameters, they can optionally be appended with the +following syntax: + +</para><para> + +<userinput>boot #/tftp/filename param1=value1 param2=value2 ...</userinput> + +</para><para> + +Several DECstation firmware revisions show a problem with regard to +net booting: the transfer starts, but after some time it stops with +an <computeroutput>a.out err</computeroutput>. This can have several reasons: + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +The firmware does not respond to ARP requests during a TFTP +transfer. This leads to an ARP timeout and the transfer stops. The +solution is to add the MAC address of the Ethernet card in the +DECstation statically to the ARP table of the TFTP server. This is +done by running <userinput>arp -s +<replaceable>IP-address</replaceable> +<replaceable>MAC-address</replaceable></userinput> as root on the +machine acting as TFTP server. The MAC-address of the DECstation can +be read out by entering <command>cnfg</command> at the DECstation +firmware prompt. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +The firmware has a size limit on the files that can be booted +by TFTP. + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +There are also firmware revisions that cannot boot via TFTP at all. An +overview about the different firmware revisions can be found at the +NetBSD web pages: +<ulink url="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/board-list.html#proms"></ulink>. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="alpha"> + <title>Alpha TFTP Booting</title> +<para> +On Alpha, you must specify the filename (as a relative path to the +boot image directory) using the <userinput>-file</userinput> argument +to the SRM <userinput>boot</userinput> command, or by setting the +<userinput>BOOT_FILE</userinput> environment variable. Alternatively, +the filename can be given via BOOTP (in ISC <command>dhcpd</command>, +use the <userinput>filename</userinput> directive). Unlike Open +Firmware, there is <emphasis>no default filename</emphasis> on SRM, so +you <emphasis>must</emphasis> specify a filename by either one of +these methods. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="sparc"> + <title>SPARC TFTP Booting</title> +<para> + +SPARC architectures for instance use the subarchitecture names, such +as <quote>SUN4M</quote> or <quote>SUN4C</quote>; in some cases, the +architecture is left blank, so the file the client looks for is just +<filename>client-ip-in-hex</filename>. Thus, if your system +subarchitecture is a SUN4C, and its IP is 192.168.1.3, the filename +would be <filename>C0A80103.SUN4C</filename>. An easy way to determine +this is to enter the following command in a shell (assuming the +machine's intended IP is 10.0.0.4). + +<informalexample><screen> +$ printf '%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\n' 10 0 0 4 +</screen></informalexample> + +This will spit out the IP in hexadecimal; to get to the correct +filename, you will need to change all letters to uppercase and +if necessary append the subarchitecture name. + +</para><para> + +You can also force some sparc systems to look for a specific file name +by adding it to the end of the OpenPROM boot command, such as +<userinput>boot net my-sparc.image</userinput>. This must still reside +in the directory that the TFTP server looks in. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="m68k"> + <title>BVM/Motorola TFTP Booting</title> +<para> + +For BVM and Motorola VMEbus systems copy the files +&bvme6000-tftp-files; to <filename>/tftpboot/</filename>. + +</para><para> + +Next, configure your boot ROMs or BOOTP server to initially load the +<filename>tftplilo.bvme</filename> or +<filename>tftplilo.mvme</filename> files from the TFTP server. Refer +to the <filename>tftplilo.txt</filename> file for your subarchitecture +for additional system-specific configuration information. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="mips"> + <title>SGI Indys TFTP Booting</title> +<para> + +On SGI Indys you can rely on the <command>bootpd</command> to supply +the name of the TFTP file. It is given either as the +<userinput>bf=</userinput> in <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> or as +the <userinput>filename=</userinput> option in +<filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>. + +</para> + </sect3> + + <sect3 arch="mips"> + <title>Broadcom BCM91250A TFTP Booting</title> +<para> + +You don't have to configure DHCP in a special way because you'll pass the +full path of the file to the loaded to CFE. + +</para> + </sect3> + + </sect2> + +<!-- FIXME: commented out since it seems too old to be usable and a current + way is not known + + <sect2 id="tftp-low-memory"> + <title>TFTP Installation for Low-Memory Systems</title> +<para> + +On some systems, the standard installation RAMdisk, combined with the +memory requirements of the TFTP boot image, cannot fit in memory. In +this case, you can still install using TFTP, you'll just have to go +through the additional step of NFS mounting your root directory over +the network as well. This type of setup is also appropriate for +diskless or dataless clients. + +</para><para> + +First, follow all the steps above in <xref linkend="install-tftp"/>. + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + +Copy the Linux kernel image on your TFTP server using the +<userinput>a.out</userinput> image for the architecture you are +booting. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Untar the root archive on your NFS server (can be the same system as +your TFTP server): + +<informalexample><screen> +# cd /tftpboot +# tar xvzf root.tar.gz +</screen></informalexample> + +Be sure to use the GNU <command>tar</command> (other tar programs, like the +SunOS one, badly handle devices as plain files). + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Export your <filename>/tftpboot/debian-sparc-root</filename> directory +with root access to your client. E.g., add the following line to +<filename>/etc/exports</filename> (GNU/Linux syntax, should be similar +for SunOS): + +<informalexample><screen> +/tftpboot/debian-sparc-root <replaceable>client</replaceable>(rw,no_root_squash) +</screen></informalexample> + +NOTE: <replaceable>client</replaceable> is the host name or IP address recognized +by the server for the system you are booting. + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Create a symbolic link from your client IP address in dotted notation +to <filename>debian-sparc-root</filename> in the +<filename>/tftpboot</filename> directory. For example, if the client +IP address is 192.168.1.3, do + +<informalexample><screen> +# ln -s debian-sparc-root 192.168.1.3 +</screen></informalexample> + +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</para> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 condition="supports-nfsroot"> + <title>Installing with TFTP and NFS Root</title> +<para> + +Installing with TFTP and NFS Root is similar to +<xref linkend="tftp-low-memory"/> because you don't want to +load the RAMdisk anymore but boot from the newly created NFS-root file +system. You then need to replace the symlink to the tftpboot image by +a symlink to the kernel image (for example, +<filename>linux-a.out</filename>). + +</para><para> + +RARP/TFTP requires all daemons to be running on the same server (the +workstation is sending a TFTP request back to the server that replied +to its previous RARP request). + +</para> + + + </sect2> +END FIXME --> + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/ipl-tape.xml b/en/install-methods/ipl-tape.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..383a302fc --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/ipl-tape.xml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 arch="s390" id="ipl-tape"> + <title>Creating an IPL tape</title> + +<para> + +If you can't boot (IPL) from the CD-ROM and you are not using VM +you need to create an IPL tape first. This is described in section +3.4.3 in the +<ulink url="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/pubs/pdfs/redbooks/sg246264.pdf"> +Linux for IBM eServer zSeries and S/390: Distributions</ulink> +Redbook. The files you +need to write to the tape are (in this order): +<filename>kernel.debian</filename>, +<filename>parmfile.debian</filename> and +<filename>initrd.debian</filename>. The files can be downloaded +from the <filename>tape</filename> sub-directory, see +<xref linkend="where-files"/>, + +</para> + </sect1> + diff --git a/en/install-methods/official-cdrom.xml b/en/install-methods/official-cdrom.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b8c44901 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/official-cdrom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect1 id="official-cdrom"> + <title>Official &debian; CD-ROM Sets</title> +<para> + +By far the easiest way to install &debian; is from an Official +Debian CD-ROM Set. You can buy a set from a vendor (see the +<ulink url="&url-debian-cd-vendors;">CD vendors page</ulink>). +You may also download the CD-ROM images from a Debian mirror and make +your own set, if you have a fast network connection and a CD burner +(see the <ulink url="&url-debian-cd;">Debian CD page</ulink> for +detailed instructions). If you have a Debian CD set and CDs are +bootable on your machine, you can skip right to +<xref linkend="boot-installer"/>; much effort has been expended to ensure +the files most people need are there on the CD. Although a full set of +binary packages requires several CDs, it is unlikely you will need +packages on the third CD and above. You may also consider using the +DVD version, which saves a lot of space on your shelf and you avoid +the CD shuffling marathon. + +</para><para> + +If your machine doesn't support CD booting, but you do have a CD set, +you can use an alternative strategy such as + +<phrase condition="supports-floppy-boot">floppy disk,</phrase> + +<phrase arch="s390">tape, emulated tape,</phrase> + +<phrase condition="bootable-disk">hard disk,</phrase> + +<phrase condition="bootable-usb">usb stick,</phrase> + +<phrase condition="supports-tftp">net boot,</phrase> + +or manually loading the kernel from the CD to initially boot the +system installer. The files you need for booting by another means are +also on the CD; the Debian network archive and CD folder organization +are identical. So when archive file paths are given below for +particular files you need for booting, look for those files in the +same directories and subdirectories on your CD. + +</para><para> + +Once the installer is booted, it will be able to obtain all the other +files it needs from the CD. + +</para><para> + +If you don't have a CD set, then you will need to download the +installer system files and place them on the + +<phrase arch="s390">installation tape</phrase> + +<phrase condition="supports-floppy-boot">floppy disk or</phrase> + +<phrase condition="bootable-disk">hard disk or</phrase> + +<phrase condition="bootable-usb">usb stick or</phrase> + +<phrase condition="supports-tftp">a connected computer</phrase> + +so they can be used to boot the installer. + +</para> + + </sect1> diff --git a/en/install-methods/tftp/bootp.xml b/en/install-methods/tftp/bootp.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..110d2405d --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/tftp/bootp.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect2 condition="supports-bootp" id="tftp-bootp"> + <title>Setting up BOOTP server</title> +<para> + +There are two BOOTP servers available for GNU/Linux, the CMU +<command>bootpd</command> and the other is actually a DHCP server, ISC +<command>dhcpd</command>, which are contained in the +<classname>bootp</classname> and <classname>dhcp</classname> packages +in &debian;. + +</para><para> + +To use CMU <command>bootpd</command>, you must first uncomment (or +add) the relevant line in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>. On +&debian;, you can run <userinput>update-inetd --enable +bootps</userinput>, then <userinput>/etc/init.d/inetd +reload</userinput> to do so. Elsewhere, the line in question should +look like: + +<informalexample><screen> +bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -i -t 120 +</screen></informalexample> + +Now, you must create an <filename>/etc/bootptab</filename> file. This +has the same sort of familiar and cryptic format as the good old BSD +<filename>printcap</filename>, <filename>termcap</filename>, and +<filename>disktab</filename> files. See the +<filename>bootptab</filename> manual page for more information. For +CMU <command>bootpd</command>, you will need to know the hardware +(MAC) address of the client. Here is an example +<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>: + +<informalexample><screen> +client:\ + hd=/tftpboot:\ + bf=tftpboot.img:\ + ip=192.168.1.90:\ + sm=255.255.255.0:\ + sa=192.168.1.1:\ + ha=0123456789AB: +</screen></informalexample> + +You will need to change at least the <quote>ha</quote> option, which +specifies the hardware address of the client. The <quote>bf</quote> +option specifies the file a client should retrieve via TFTP; see +<xref linkend="tftp-images"/> for more details. + +<phrase arch="mips"> +On SGI Indys you can just enter the command monitor and type +<userinput>printenv</userinput>. The value of the +<userinput>eaddr</userinput> variable is the machine's MAC address. +</phrase> + +</para><para> + +By contrast, setting up BOOTP with ISC <command>dhcpd</command> is +really easy, because it treats BOOTP clients as a moderately special +case of DHCP clients. Some architectures require a complex +configuration for booting clients via BOOTP. If yours is one of +those, read the section <xref linkend="dhcpd"/>. Otherwise, you +will probably be able to get away with simply adding the +<userinput>allow bootp</userinput> directive to the configuration +block for the subnet containing the client, and restart +<command>dhcpd</command> with <userinput>/etc/init.d/dhcpd +restart</userinput>. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/tftp/dhcp.xml b/en/install-methods/tftp/dhcp.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee18f73e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/tftp/dhcp.xml @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect2 condition="supports-dhcp" id="dhcpd"> + <title>Setting up a DHCP server</title> +<para> + +One free software DHCP server is ISC <command>dhcpd</command>. +In &debian;, this is available in the <classname>dhcp</classname> package. +Here is a sample configuration file for it (usually +<filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>): + +<informalexample><screen> +option domain-name "example.com"; +option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com; +option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; +default-lease-time 600; +max-lease-time 7200; +server-name "servername"; + +subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { + range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253; + option routers 192.168.1.1; +} + +host clientname { + filename "/tftpboot/tftpboot.img"; + server-name "servername"; + next-server servername; + hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:AB; + fixed-address 192.168.1.90; +} +</screen></informalexample> + +Note: the new (and preferred) <classname>dhcp3</classname> package uses +<filename>/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf</filename>. + +</para><para> + +In this example, there is one server +<replaceable>servername</replaceable> which performs all of the work +of DHCP server, TFTP server, and network gateway. You will almost +certainly need to change the domain-name options, as well as the +server name and client hardware address. The +<replaceable>filename</replaceable> option should be the name of the +file which will be retrieved via TFTP. + +</para><para> + +After you have edited the <command>dhcpd</command> configuration file, +restart it with <userinput>/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart</userinput>. + +</para> + + <sect3 arch="i386"> + <title>Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration</title> +<para> +Here is another example for a <filename>dhcp.conf</filename> using the +Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) method of TFTP. + +<informalexample><screen> +option domain-name "example.com"; + +default-lease-time 600; +max-lease-time 7200; + +allow booting; +allow bootp; + +# The next paragraph needs to be modified to fit your case +subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { + range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253; + option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; +# the gateway address which can be different +# (access to the internet for instance) + option routers 192.168.1.1; +# indicate the dns you want to use + option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.3; +} + +group { + next-server 192.168.1.3; + host tftpclient { +# tftp client hardware address + hardware ethernet 00:10:DC:27:6C:15; + filename "/tftpboot/pxelinux.0"; + } +} +</screen></informalexample> + +Note that for PXE booting, the client filename <filename>pxelinux.0</filename> +is a boot loader, not a kernel image (see <xref linkend="tftp-images"/> +below). + +</para> + </sect3> + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/tftp/rarp.xml b/en/install-methods/tftp/rarp.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e59b94587 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/tftp/rarp.xml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + + <sect2 condition="supports-rarp" id="tftp-rarp"> + <title>Setting up RARP server</title> +<para> + +To setup RARP, you need to know the Ethernet address (a.k.a. the MAC address) +of the client computers to be installed. +If you don't know this information, you can + +<phrase arch="sparc"> pick it off the initial OpenPROM boot messages, use the +OpenBoot <userinput>.enet-addr</userinput> command, or </phrase> + +boot into <quote>Rescue</quote> mode (e.g., from the rescue floppy) and use the +command <userinput>/sbin/ifconfig eth0</userinput>. + +</para><para> + +On a RARP server system using a Linux 2.2.x kernel, +you need to populate the kernel's RARP table. +To do this, run the following commands: + +<informalexample><screen> +# <userinput>/sbin/rarp -s +<replaceable>client-hostname</replaceable> +<replaceable>client-enet-addr</replaceable></userinput> + +# <userinput>/usr/sbin/arp -s +<replaceable>client-ip</replaceable> +<replaceable>client-enet-addr</replaceable></userinput> +</screen></informalexample> + +If you get + +<informalexample><screen> +SIOCSRARP: Invalid argument +</screen></informalexample> + +you probably need to load the RARP kernel module or else recompile the +kernel to support RARP. Try <userinput>modprobe rarp</userinput> and +then try the <command>rarp</command> command again. + +</para><para> + +On a RARP server system using a Linux 2.4.x kernel, +there is no RARP module, and +you should instead use the <command>rarpd</command> program. The +procedure is similar to that used under SunOS in the following +paragraph. + +</para><para> + +Under SunOS, you need to ensure that the Ethernet hardware address for +the client is listed in the <quote>ethers</quote> database (either in the +<filename>/etc/ethers</filename> file, or via NIS/NIS+) and in the +<quote>hosts</quote> database. Then you need to start the RARP daemon. +In SunOS 4, issue the command (as root): +<userinput>/usr/etc/rarpd -a</userinput>; in SunOS 5, use +<userinput>/usr/sbin/rarpd -a</userinput>. + +</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/en/install-methods/usb-setup/i386.xml b/en/install-methods/usb-setup/i386.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1b89606f --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/usb-setup/i386.xml @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect3 arch="i386"> + <title>USB stick partitioning on &arch-title;</title> +<para> + +We will show how to setup the memory stick to use the first partition, +instead of the entire device. + +</para><note><para> + +Since most USB sticks come pre-configured with a single FAT16 +partition, you probably won't have to repartition or reformat the +stick. If you have to do that anyway, use <command>cfdisk</command> +or any other partitioning tool for creating a FAT16 partition and then +create the filesystem using: + +<informalexample><screen> +# mkdosfs /dev/<replaceable>sda1</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +Take care that you use the correct device name for your USB stick. The +<command>mkdosfs</command> command is contained in the +<classname>dosfstools</classname> Debian package. + +</para></note><para> + +In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will +put a boot loader on the stick. Although any boot loader +(e.g. <command>LILO</command>) should work, it's convenient to use +<command>SYSLINUX</command>, since it uses a FAT16 partition and can +be reconfigured by just editing a text file. Any operating system +which supports the FAT file system can be used to make changes to the +configuration of the boot loader. + +</para><para> + +To put <command>SYSLINUX</command> on the FAT16 partition on your USB +stick, install the <classname>syslinux</classname> and +<classname>mtools</classname> packages on your system, and do: + +<informalexample><screen> +# syslinux /dev/<replaceable>sda1</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +Again, take care that you use the correct device name. The partition +must not be mounted when starting <command>SYSLINUX</command>. This +procedure writes a boot sector to the partition and creates the file +<filename>ldlinux.sys</filename> which contains the boot loader code. + +</para><para> + +Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/sda1 /mnt</userinput>) and +copy the following files from the Debian archives to the stick: + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>vmlinuz</filename> (kernel binary) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>syslinux.cfg</filename> (SYSLINUX configuration file) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Optional kernel modules + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +If you want to rename the files, please note that +<command>SYSLINUX</command> can only process DOS (8.3) file names. + +</para><para> + +The <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename> configuration file should +contain the following two lines: + +<informalexample><screen> +default vmlinuz +append initrd=initrd.gz ramdisk_size=12000 root=/dev/rd/0 init=/linuxrc rw +</screen></informalexample> + +Please note that the <userinput>ramdisk_size</userinput> parameter +may need to be increased, depending on the image you are booting. +<phrase condition="sarge"> +If the boot fails, you can try adding <userinput>devfs=mount,dall</userinput> +to the <quote>append</quote> line. +</phrase> + +</para> + </sect3> diff --git a/en/install-methods/usb-setup/powerpc.xml b/en/install-methods/usb-setup/powerpc.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12e1284b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/en/install-methods/usb-setup/powerpc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + + <sect3 arch="powerpc"> + <title>USB stick partitioning on &arch-title;</title> +<para> + +Most USB sticks do not come pre-configured in such a way that Open +Firmware can boot from them, so you will need to repartition the stick. +On Mac systems, run <userinput>mac-fdisk /dev/sda</userinput>, +initialise a new partition map using the <userinput>i</userinput> +command, and create a new partition of type Apple_Bootstrap using the +<userinput>C</userinput> command. (Note that the first "partition" will +always be the partition map itself.) Then type + +<informalexample><screen> +$ hformat /dev/<replaceable>sda2</replaceable> +</screen></informalexample> + +Take care that you use the correct device name for your USB stick. The +<command>hformat</command> command is contained in the +<classname>hfsutils</classname> Debian package. + +</para><para> + +In order to start the kernel after booting from the USB stick, we will +put a boot loader on the stick. The <command>yaboot</command> boot +loader can be installed on an HFS filesystem and can be reconfigured by +just editing a text file. Any operating system which supports the HFS +file system can be used to make changes to the configuration of the boot +loader. + +</para><para> + +The normal <command>ybin</command> tool that comes with +<command>yaboot</command> does not yet understand USB storage devices, +so you will have to install <command>yaboot</command> by hand using the +<classname>hfsutils</classname> tools. Type + +<informalexample><screen> +$ hmount /dev/sda2 +$ hcopy -r /usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot : +$ hattrib -c UNIX -t tbxi :yaboot +$ hattrib -b : +$ humount +</screen></informalexample> + +Again, take care that you use the correct device name. The partition +must not be otherwise mounted during this procedure. This procedure +writes the boot loader to the partition, and uses the HFS utilities to +mark it in such a way that Open Firmware will boot it. Having done this, +the rest of the USB stick may be prepared using the normal Unix +utilities. + +</para><para> + +Mount the partition (<userinput>mount /dev/sda2 /mnt</userinput>) and +copy the following files from the Debian archives to the stick: + +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>vmlinux</filename> (kernel binary) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>initrd.gz</filename> (initial ramdisk image) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>yaboot.conf</filename> (yaboot configuration file) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +<filename>boot.msg</filename> (optional boot message) + +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> + +Optional kernel modules + +</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +</para><para> + +The <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> configuration file should +contain the following lines: + +<informalexample><screen> +default=install +root=/dev/ram + +message=/boot.msg + +image=/vmlinux + label=install + initrd=/initrd.gz + initrd-size=10000<phrase condition="sarge"> + append="devfs=mount,dall --"</phrase> + read-only +</screen></informalexample> + +Please note that the <userinput>initrd-size</userinput> parameter +may need to be increased, depending on the image you are booting. + +</para> + </sect3> |