From 4a54a0d97a57df6c1525b9bbfcabdf829e44a4d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: cos <cos>
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2021 09:00:15 +0100
Subject: Add day14, 2021

---
 2021/rust/Cargo.toml        |   2 +-
 2021/rust/day14/Cargo.toml  |  10 ++
 2021/rust/day14/src/main.rs | 234 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 245 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 2021/rust/day14/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 2021/rust/day14/src/main.rs

diff --git a/2021/rust/Cargo.toml b/2021/rust/Cargo.toml
index 8c18a33..068961e 100644
--- a/2021/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/2021/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ members = [
     "day11",
     "day12",
     "day13",
-#    "day14",
+    "day14",
 #    "day15",
 #    "day16",
 #    "day17",
diff --git a/2021/rust/day14/Cargo.toml b/2021/rust/day14/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce7a90b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2021/rust/day14/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "day14"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["cos <cos>"]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+aoc = { path = "../../../common/rust/aoc" }
+anyhow = "1.0"
+regex = "1.5"
diff --git a/2021/rust/day14/src/main.rs b/2021/rust/day14/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3b1e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2021/rust/day14/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+use {
+    anyhow::{
+        anyhow,
+        Context,
+        Result,
+    },
+    regex::Regex,
+    std::{
+        collections::HashMap,
+        env::args,
+        fs::File,
+        io::{
+            BufRead,
+            BufReader,
+        },
+        path::Path,
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct InsertionRule {
+    pair: String,
+    element: String,
+}
+
+impl InsertionRule {
+    fn new(pair: &str, element: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self{
+            pair: pair.into(),
+            element: element.into(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn new_apply(&self, input: &str) -> Result<String> {
+        let mut iter = input.chars().take(2);
+        let (left, right) = (
+            iter.next().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failure on pair: {}", input))?,
+            iter.next().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failure on pair: {}", input))?,
+        );
+        let mut output = format!("{}", left);
+
+        if input.starts_with(&self.pair) {
+            output += &format!("{}", self.element.chars().next()
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failure with element for: {}", input))?);
+        }
+        output += &format!("{}", right);
+        Ok(output)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Polymer {
+    inner: String,
+}
+
+type CharCount = HashMap<char, usize>;
+type CacheMap = HashMap<String, CharCount>;
+
+impl Polymer {
+    fn new(template: impl ToString) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: template.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.len()
+    }
+    
+    fn first(&self) -> Result<char> {
+        self.inner.chars().next().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not get first character"))
+    }
+
+    fn transform<'a, I>(&self, rules: I) -> Result<Self>
+        where I: Copy + IntoIterator<Item = &'a InsertionRule>
+    {
+        let first = if let Some(c) = self.inner.chars().next() {
+            c.to_string()
+        } else {
+            String::from("")
+        };
+        let inner = format!("{}{}", first,
+                self.inner.chars().zip(self.inner.chars().skip(1)).map(|(left, right)| {
+                let input = format!("{}{}", left, right);
+                for rule in rules {
+                    let output = rule.new_apply(&input)?;
+                    if input != output {
+                        return Ok(output[1..].to_string());
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(input[1..].to_string())
+            }).collect::<Result<String>>()?);
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn elements(&self) -> HashMap<char, usize> {
+        let mut elements = HashMap::new();
+
+        for c in self.inner.chars() {
+            let entry = elements.entry(c).or_insert(0);
+            *entry += 1;
+        }
+
+        elements
+    }
+
+    fn str_to_char_count(s: &str) -> HashMap<char, usize> {
+        let mut elements = HashMap::new();
+        for c in s.chars() {
+          let entry = elements.entry(c).or_insert(0);
+          *entry += 1;
+        }
+
+        elements
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate<'a, I>(&self, rules: I, depth: usize, skip_first: bool, cache: &mut CacheMap)
+        -> Result<CharCount>
+        where I: Copy + IntoIterator<Item = &'a InsertionRule>
+    {
+        if depth == 0 {
+            let interesting = if skip_first {
+                &self.inner[1..]
+            } else {
+                &self.inner
+            };
+            return Ok(Self::str_to_char_count(interesting));
+        }
+        let mut char_count = CharCount::new();
+        if !skip_first {
+            char_count.insert(self.first()?, 1);
+        }
+
+        for index in 0..=(self.len() - 2) {
+            let sub_key = self.inner[index..index+2].to_string();
+            let cache_key = &format!("{}-{}-{:?}", sub_key, depth, skip_first);
+            if let Some(cached) = cache.get(cache_key) {
+                for (key, value) in cached.iter() {
+                    let entry = char_count.entry(*key).or_insert(0);
+                    *entry += value;
+                }
+            } else {
+                let sub_polymer = Polymer::new(&sub_key);
+                let transformed = sub_polymer.transform(rules)?;
+
+                let polymer_chars = &transformed.evaluate(rules, depth - 1, true, cache)?;
+                cache.insert(cache_key.to_string(), polymer_chars.clone());
+                for (key, value) in polymer_chars.iter() {
+                    let entry = char_count.entry(*key).or_insert(0);
+                    *entry += value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(char_count)
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_input<T: AsRef<Path>>(filename: T) -> Result<(Polymer, Vec<InsertionRule>)> {
+    let reader = BufReader::new(File::open(filename)?);
+    let mut polymer = None;
+    let mut rules = vec![];
+
+    let re = Regex::new(r#"(?x)
+        ^(?P<template>[A-Z]+)$
+        |
+        ^(?P<pair>[A-Z]{2})\ ->\ (?P<element>[A-Z])$
+        "#).map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to compile regex: {}", err))?;
+
+    for row in reader.lines() {
+        let string = row?;
+        if string.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let caps = re.captures(&string).ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not parse: {}", string))?;
+        match (caps.name("template"), caps.name("pair"), caps.name("element")) {
+            (Some(template), None, None) => polymer = Some(Polymer::new(template.as_str())),
+            (None, Some(pair), Some(element)) => 
+                rules.push(InsertionRule::new(pair.as_str(), element.as_str())?),
+            _ => return Err(anyhow!("Could not parse: {}", string)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(p) = polymer {
+        Ok((p, rules))
+    } else {
+        Err(anyhow!("Missing polymer template in indata"))
+    }
+}
+
+fn part1<'a, I>(polymer: &Polymer, rules: I) -> Result<usize>
+    where I: Copy + IntoIterator<Item = &'a InsertionRule>
+{
+    let mut p = polymer;
+    let mut build;
+
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        build = p.transform(rules)?;
+        p = &build;
+    }
+    let elements = p.elements();
+    let min = elements.values().min().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find min"))?;
+    let max = elements.values().max().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find max"))?;
+    Ok(max - min)
+}
+
+fn part2<'a, I>(polymer: &Polymer, rules: I) -> Result<usize>
+    where I: Copy + IntoIterator<Item = &'a InsertionRule>
+{
+    let mut cache = HashMap::new();
+    let elements = polymer.evaluate(rules, 40, false, &mut cache)?;
+
+    let min = elements.values().min().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find min"))?;
+    let max = elements.values().max().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find max"))?;
+    Ok(max - min)
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let ( do_part_1, do_part_2 ) = aoc::do_parts();
+
+    let filename = args().nth(1).ok_or(anyhow!("Missing input filename"))?;
+    let (polymer, rules) = read_input(filename).context("Could not read input")?;
+    if do_part_1 {
+        let solution = part1(&polymer, &rules).context("No solution for part 1")?;
+        println!("Part1, solution found to be: {}", solution);
+    }
+    if do_part_2 {
+        let solution = part2(&polymer, &rules).context("No solution for part 2")?;
+        println!("Part2, solution found to be: {}", solution);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
-- 
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